Optical assembly-based automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of optical detection, in particular to a device and method for detecting the bearing clearance of a vehicle hub based on an optical assembly. A plurality of fixing rods are slidably arranged around a base, a lifting rod is slidably arranged below the base, a plurality of pushing rods are rotatably connected with the fixing rods and the lifting rod, the output end of a lifting cylinder is connected with the lifting rod, and a pressing plate is slidably arranged above the base. A moving block is slidably arranged on an outer support frame, a measuring head is slidably arranged on the moving block, a first optical detector is arranged on the measuring head, a first elastic member is used for pressing the measuring head against a hub bearing to be measured, and the moving block is used for making a circular motion along the bearing to be measured, so that the radial clearance is detected by the first optical detector; and an axial measuring assembly is used for measuring the axial clearance of the bearing. The clearance in all directions around the hub bearing can be detected, so that the detection precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical inspection technology, and in particular to a device and method for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components. Background Technology

[0002] Wheel hub bearing clearance inspection is an important inspection item for assessing the axial and radial looseness of wheel hub bearings, aiming to ensure wheel stability and driving safety. During vehicle use, wheel hub bearings may develop excessive clearance or be damaged due to long-term loads, impacts, and wear. Inspection is usually performed by manually shaking the wheel to check for axial movement, or by using a dial indicator to accurately measure radial and axial clearance.

[0003] Existing bearing testing devices typically only select a few directions for offset measurement when measuring the radial clearance of a bearing. This method is not comprehensive enough and reduces the accuracy of the test. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optical component-based device and method for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings, which aims to detect the clearance in all circumferential directions of the wheel hub bearings to improve the accuracy of the detection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components, including a base and an outer support frame, the outer support frame being disposed on the outside of the base, and further including a fixing component, a radial measuring component, and an axial measuring component. The fixing component includes multiple fixing rods, multiple push rods, a lifting rod, a lifting cylinder, and a pressure plate. The multiple fixing rods are slidably disposed around the base, the lifting rods are slidably disposed below the base, the multiple push rods are rotatably connected to the multiple fixing rods respectively, and are rotatably connected to the lifting rods, the output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting rod, and the pressure plate is slidably disposed above the base. The radial measurement assembly includes a moving block, a first elastic element, a measuring head, and a first optical detector. The moving block is slidably mounted on the outer support frame, the measuring head is slidably mounted on the moving block, and the first optical detector is mounted on the measuring head. The first elastic element presses the measuring head against the bearing to be measured and moves it in a circular motion along the bearing to be measured by the moving block, so as to detect the radial clearance by the first optical detector. The axial measuring component is used to measure the axial clearance of the bearing.

[0006] The pressure plate includes a pressing cylinder, a support rod, and a pressure plate body. The pressure plate body is slidably disposed above the base. The support rod is connected to the pressure plate body, and the output end of the pressing cylinder is connected to the support rod.

[0007] The pressure plate body includes multiple adjusting rods, adjusting rings, multiple sliders, and multiple connecting rods. The sliders are slidably disposed around the support rod. The adjusting rings are threadedly connected to the support rod and located on one side of the sliders. The adjusting rods are slidably connected to the support rod and located at the bottom of the support rod. One end of each connecting rod is connected to one of the sliders, and the other end of each connecting rod is connected to one of the adjusting rods.

[0008] The pressure plate also includes a reset elastic element, which is disposed between the support rod and the clamping cylinder.

[0009] The movable block includes a movable block body, a gear, and a motor. A gear ring is installed on the outer support frame. The movable block body is slidably disposed on the outer support frame. The gear is rotatably connected to the movable block body and meshes with the gear ring. The output end of the motor is connected to the gear.

[0010] The measuring head includes a support rod, a slide rod, and a measuring wheel. The support rod is fixed to the moving block body, the slide rod is slidably mounted on the support rod, and the measuring wheel is rotatably mounted at the end of the slide rod. The slide rod is supported by the first elastic element.

[0011] The radial measurement assembly further includes an auxiliary support rod and an alignment optical detector. The auxiliary support rod is fixed on the moving block body, and the alignment optical detector is disposed on the auxiliary support rod and is symmetrically arranged with the first optical detector.

[0012] The axial measuring assembly includes multiple push plates, a limiting block, a connecting ring, a pushing cylinder, and a second optical detector. The multiple push plates are slidably disposed on one side of the base. The connecting ring is fixedly connected to the multiple push plates and is located at the bottom of the push plates. The output end of the pushing cylinder is connected to the connecting ring. The second optical detector is disposed on the connecting ring. The limiting block is slidably disposed on the base and is used to limit the push plates when no axial clearance is detected.

[0013] The limiting block includes a limiting block body and a limiting cylinder. The limiting block body is slidably disposed on the base, and the output end of the limiting cylinder is connected to the limiting block body.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components, using the aforementioned device for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components.

[0015] The present invention relates to an automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device and method based on optical components. The base serves as the basic support platform for the entire device, used to install and fix various functional components. The outer support frame is fixedly installed on the outside of the base to support and guide the movement of the radial measuring components, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the measurement process.

[0016] Multiple fixed rods are symmetrically distributed and slidably arranged around the base, their inner ends unfolding outwards to clamp the inner ring of the bearing under test. A lifting rod is slidably positioned below the base and rotatably connected to the fixed rods via multiple push rods. The two ends of the push rods are hinged to the fixed rods and the lifting rod, respectively. When the lifting cylinder is activated, its output end drives the lifting rod to move vertically upwards, causing the multiple push rods to synchronously push the fixed rods radially, thereby clamping the bearing's inner ring. A pressure plate is slidably positioned above the base, directly above the bearing under test. Its function is to press the bearing's inner ring during testing, preventing axial displacement and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0017] The moving block is slidably mounted on the outer support frame and can move in a circle along its guide rail, with its trajectory centered on the center of the bearing to be tested. The measuring head is mounted on the moving block via a sliding pair and is preloaded by a first elastic element (such as a spring or elastic rubber), ensuring that the measuring head at its end is always pressed against the outer ring of the bearing to produce a radial offset. A first optical detector is built into the measuring head to collect real-time positional changes on the surface of the bearing's outer ring. During the test, the moving block drives the measuring head to move in a uniform circular motion around the bearing's outer ring. If the bearing has radial clearance, its outer ring will produce a slight eccentric oscillation during rotation. This displacement change is transmitted through the measuring head and accurately captured by the first optical detector. By analyzing the amplitude and period of the optical signal change, the radial clearance value of the bearing can be calculated. The axial measurement component is used to measure the axial clearance of the bearing.

[0018] In summary, this invention achieves automated and high-precision detection of radial and axial clearances of automotive wheel hub bearings by organically combining mechanical clamping, precision guidance, and optical sensing technologies. It can detect clearances in all circumferential directions of the wheel hub bearings, thereby improving detection accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a right-side structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a left-side structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of detail A.

[0024] Figure 5 This is the fourth structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a first cross-sectional structural diagram of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a second cross-sectional view of the automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components according to the present invention.

[0027] The components include: base 101, outer support frame 102, fixing assembly 103, radial measuring assembly 104, axial measuring assembly 105, fixing rod 106, push rod 107, lifting rod 108, lifting cylinder 109, pressure plate 110, moving block 111, first elastic element 112, measuring head 113, first optical detector 114, clamping cylinder 115, support rod 116, pressure plate body 117, adjusting rod 118, adjusting ring 119, slider 120, connecting rod 121, reset elastic element 122, moving block body 123, gear 124, motor 125, support rod 126, slide rod 127, measuring wheel 128, auxiliary support rod 129, alignment optical detector 130, push plate 131, limiting block 132, connecting ring 133, push cylinder 134, second optical detector 135, limiting block body 136, and limiting cylinder 137. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] First Embodiment Please see Figures 1-7 This invention provides an automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components, including a base 101 and an outer support frame 102. The outer support frame 102 is disposed on the outside of the base 101. It also includes a fixing component 103, a radial measuring component 104, and an axial measuring component 105. The fixing component 103 includes multiple fixing rods 106, multiple pushing rods 107, a lifting rod 108, a lifting cylinder 109, and a pressure plate 110. The multiple fixing rods 106 are slidably disposed around the base 101, and the lifting rod 108 is slidably disposed below the base 101. The multiple pushing rods 107 are rotatably connected to the multiple fixing rods 106 and the lifting rod 108, respectively. The lifting cylinder 109... The output end is connected to the lifting rod 108, and the pressure plate 110 is slidably disposed above the base 101; the radial measuring component 104 includes a moving block 111, a first elastic element 112, a measuring head 113, and a first optical detector 114. The moving block 111 is slidably disposed on the outer support frame 102, the measuring head 113 is slidably disposed on the moving block 111, and the first optical detector 114 is disposed on the measuring head 113. The first elastic element 112 presses the measuring head 113 against the bearing to be tested and moves it in a circular motion along the bearing to be tested through the moving block 111, so as to detect the radial clearance through the first optical detector 114; the axial measuring component 105 is used to measure the axial clearance of the bearing.

[0031] In this embodiment, the base 101 serves as the basic support platform for the entire device, used to install and fix various functional components; the outer support frame 102 is fixedly installed on the outside of the base 101, used to support and guide the movement of the radial measuring component 104, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the measurement process.

[0032] Multiple fixed rods 106 are symmetrically distributed and slidably arranged around the base 101, with their inner ends able to unfold outwards to clamp the inner ring of the bearing to be tested. A lifting rod 108 is slidably arranged below the base 101 and is rotatably connected to the fixed rods 106 via multiple push rods 107. The two ends of the push rods 107 are hinged to the fixed rods 106 and the lifting rod 108 respectively. When the lifting cylinder 109 is activated, its output end drives the lifting rod 108 to move vertically upwards, causing the multiple push rods 107 to push the fixed rod 106 to move radially synchronously, thereby clamping the bearing's inner ring. A pressure plate 110 is slidably arranged above the base 101, directly above the bearing to be tested. Its function is to press the bearing's inner ring during testing, preventing axial displacement and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0033] The movable block 111 is slidably mounted on the outer support frame 102 and can move in a circle along its guide rail, with its trajectory centered on the center of the wheel hub bearing under test. The measuring head 113 is mounted on the movable block 111 via a sliding pair and is preloaded by a first elastic element 112 (such as a spring or elastic rubber), ensuring that the measuring head 113 at its end is always pressed against the outer ring of the wheel hub bearing under test to generate radial offset. The first optical detector 114 is built into the measuring head 113 and is used to collect the positional changes of the bearing outer ring surface in real time. During the detection process, the movable block 111 drives the measuring head 113 to move in a uniform circular motion around the bearing outer ring. If the bearing has radial clearance, its outer ring will generate a slight eccentric oscillation during rotation. This displacement change is transmitted through the measuring head 113 and accurately captured by the first optical detector 114. By analyzing the amplitude and period of the optical signal change, the radial clearance value of the bearing can be calculated. The axial measuring component 105 is used to measure the axial clearance of the wheel hub bearing 128.

[0034] In summary, this invention achieves automated and high-precision detection of radial and axial clearances in automotive wheel hub bearings through the organic combination of mechanical clamping, precision guidance, and optical sensing technologies. It has advantages such as reasonable structure, simple operation, and reliable measurement results, and is suitable for quality assessment in online production line inspection and maintenance.

[0035] The pressure plate 110 includes a pressing cylinder 115, a support rod 116, and a pressure plate body 117. The pressure plate body 117 is slidably disposed above the base 101. The support rod 116 is connected to the pressure plate body 117, and the output end of the pressing cylinder 115 is connected to the support rod 116.

[0036] The clamping cylinder 115 is vertically fixed on a bracket or frame above the base 101, with its output end facing downwards and connected to the top of the support rod 116, driving the entire pressure plate 110 assembly to rise and fall vertically. The support rod 116, as the central component for load bearing and transmission, vertically penetrates the space above the base 101 and slides with a guide sleeve or linear bearing on the base 101, ensuring smooth and unbiased operation of the pressure plate body 117 during lifting and lowering. The pressure plate body 117 is slidably positioned above the base 101 and moves up and down via the support rod 116. Its lower surface has a contact surface that matches the end face of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested, allowing it to press down smoothly under the drive of the clamping cylinder 115, achieving reliable clamping of the bearing inner ring.

[0037] The pressure plate body 117 includes multiple adjusting rods 118, adjusting rings 119, multiple sliders 120, and multiple connecting rods 121. The multiple sliders 120 are slidably disposed around the support rod 116. The adjusting ring 119 is threadedly connected to the support rod 116 and is located on one side of the slider 120. The multiple adjusting rods 118 are slidably connected to the support rod 116 and are located at the bottom of the support rod 116. One end of each of the multiple connecting rods 121 is connected to one of the multiple sliders 120, and the other end of each of the multiple connecting rods 121 is connected to one of the multiple adjusting rods 118.

[0038] Multiple sliders 120 are arranged in a circular array and slidably disposed around the support rod 116. Each slider 120 is engaged with the base 101 or the intermediate support structure via a guide groove or slide rail, ensuring that it can only slide in the radial direction. An adjusting ring 119 is sleeved on the upper middle part of the support rod 116 and is connected to the support rod 116 by a precision thread. When the adjusting ring 119 is rotated, its axial movement pushes or releases the contact surface between its sidewall and the slider 120, thereby causing multiple sliders 120 to slide synchronously in the axial direction. This allows the sliders 120 to push the connecting rod 121 to rotate, thereby causing the adjusting rod 118 to slide radially, which in turn causes multiple adjusting rods 118 to expand or contract synchronously in the radial direction, so as to limit the movement of wheel bearings with different inner diameters.

[0039] The pressure plate 110 also includes a reset elastic element 122, which is disposed between the support rod 116 and the clamping cylinder 115.

[0040] The pressure plate 110 also includes a reset elastic element 122, which is preferably a helical spring, a disc spring, or a rubber elastomer, and is disposed between the support rod 116 and the output end of the clamping cylinder 115, or integrated into the stepped structure inside the support rod 116. The function of the reset elastic element 122 is to provide an upward elastic restoring force when the clamping cylinder 115 retracts and releases the clamping force, ensuring that the pressure plate body 117 can smoothly and quickly return to its initial position, avoiding incomplete reset due to mechanical jamming or gravity. Simultaneously, during the clamping process, the reset elastic element 122 also acts as a buffer, absorbing instantaneous impact loads, making the clamping process gentler and preventing damage to the bearings or device structure.

[0041] The movable block 111 includes a movable block body 123, a gear 124, and a motor 125. A gear ring is installed on the outer support frame 102. The movable block body 123 is slidably disposed on the outer support frame 102. The gear 124 is rotatably connected to the movable block body 123 and meshes with the gear ring. The output end of the motor 125 is connected to the gear 124.

[0042] The moving block body 123 is an integral or split structure, typically made of high-strength aluminum alloy or engineering plastic, combining lightweight and structural rigidity to reduce motion inertia and improve response speed. The moving block body 123 is slidably mounted on the annular guide rail or guide groove of the outer support frame 102 via a built-in linear guide rail, roller, or slider 120 structure. Its sliding path forms a standard circular trajectory with the geometric center of the wheel hub bearing under test as the center.

[0043] A rotating mounting seat is provided on the movable block body 123 for rotatably mounting the gear 124. The gear 124 is preferably a spur gear 124, made of alloy steel, stainless steel, or high-strength engineering plastic, possessing good wear resistance and transmission accuracy. A ring gear is fixedly mounted on the inner side or outer circumference of the outer support frame 102. This ring gear is an internal or external gear structure, its pitch circle diameter matching the measurement path, and its tooth profile precision-machined to ensure smooth transmission and no backlash when meshing with the gear 124.

[0044] The motor 125 is a servo motor 125 or a stepper motor 125, which has high-precision angle control and adjustable speed function. Its output end is connected to the rotating shaft of the gear 124 through a coupling or direct shaft connection, providing power for the circular motion of the moving block 111.

[0045] The measuring head 113 includes a support rod 126, a slide rod 127, and a measuring wheel 128. The support rod 126 is fixed on the moving block body 123. The slide rod 127 is slidably disposed on the support rod 126. The measuring wheel 128 is rotatably disposed at the end of the slide rod 127. The slide rod 127 is supported by the first elastic member 112.

[0046] The support rod 126, serving as the fixed base for the measuring head 113, is made of high-strength metal material (such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy), and one end is firmly installed on a predetermined mounting hole or connecting seat of the moving block body 123. The slide rod 127 is slidably disposed in a guide hole / groove inside or outside the support rod 126, and can freely extend and retract along the radial direction of the bearing. A low-friction guiding structure, such as a linear bearing, a self-lubricating bushing, or a precision sliding mating surface, is provided between the slide rod 127 and the support rod 126 to reduce motion resistance and prevent jamming.

[0047] The first elastic element 112 (such as a compression spring, disc spring, or elastic rubber column) is disposed inside the support rod 126, with one end abutting against the inner end of the slide rod 127 and the other end fixed to the closed end of the support rod 126 or the adjusting screw, providing a continuous preload to the slide rod 127 so that it always gently but stably presses the measuring wheel 128 against the outer ring surface of the bearing. This preload can be adjusted according to different bearing models and surface roughness, for example, by adjusting the screw at the end of the support rod 126 to change the spring compression, thereby adapting to different testing requirements. When there is radial clearance in the bearing, its outer ring will generate a slight eccentricity or runout during rotation. This displacement is transmitted to the slide rod 127 through the measuring wheel 128, causing the slide rod 127 to reciprocate linearly along the support rod 126.

[0048] The first optical detector 114 (such as a laser displacement sensor, capacitive displacement sensor, or grating sensor) is integrated inside the support rod 126 or fixed to the moving block body 123. Its measuring end is aligned with the moving part of the slide rod 127 (such as a reflective surface or a sensing target), and it collects the displacement change of the slide rod 127 in real time, transmitting the analog or digital signal to the data acquisition system. By filtering, amplifying, and performing Fourier transform on the displacement signal, the radial runout amplitude of the bearing outer ring can be accurately calculated, and its actual radial clearance can be derived.

[0049] The radial measurement assembly 104 also includes an auxiliary support rod 129 and an alignment optical detector 130. The auxiliary support rod 129 is fixed on the moving block body 123, and the alignment optical detector 130 is disposed on the auxiliary support rod 129 and is symmetrically arranged with the first optical detector 114.

[0050] To further improve measurement accuracy and system reliability, the radial measurement assembly 104 also includes an auxiliary support rod 129 and an alignment optical detector 130. The auxiliary support rod 129 has a similar structure to the main support rod 126, also fixed to the moving block body 123, but located symmetrically to or on the opposite side of the main measuring head 113, forming a dual-point support or symmetrical detection layout. The alignment optical detector 130 is mounted on the auxiliary support rod 129, and its mounting height, angle, and measurement direction are strictly symmetrical with the first optical detector 114. Together, they constitute a differential or symmetrical compensation measurement system. The alignment optical detector 130 can be used to monitor the positional changes on the other side of the wheel hub bearing in real time to improve detection accuracy.

[0051] The axial measuring assembly 105 includes multiple push plates 131, a limiting block 132, a connecting ring 133, a pushing cylinder 134, and a second optical detector 135. The multiple push plates 131 are slidably disposed on one side of the base 101. The connecting ring 133 is fixedly connected to the multiple push plates 131 and is located at the bottom of the push plates 131. The output end of the pushing cylinder 134 is connected to the connecting ring 133. The second optical detector 135 is disposed on the connecting ring 133. The limiting block 132 is slidably disposed on the base 101 and is used to limit the push plates 131 when no axial clearance is detected.

[0052] Multiple push plates 131 are symmetrically distributed (usually 2 to 4), evenly arranged on one side of the base 101 (usually the side directly opposite the bearing end face to be tested) along the radial direction of the bearing hub to be tested. The inner end face of the push plate 131 is machined into an arc or planar structure that matches the bearing end face, ensuring uniform force distribution during contact and avoiding local stress concentration. Each push plate 131 is slidably mounted on the base 101 via a sliding pair (such as a linear guide, slider 120, or guide rod), so that it can only perform linear reciprocating motion along the bearing axis, and the motion trajectory is strictly parallel to the bearing central axis to ensure the accuracy of the force direction.

[0053] The bottoms of all push plates 131 are mechanically linked via the connecting ring 133. The connecting ring 133 is a ring-shaped or frame-like structure made of high-strength metal material, possessing good rigidity and resistance to deformation. The connecting ring 133 is firmly connected to the bottoms of multiple push plates 131 by bolts, welding, or integral molding, forming a synchronously moving whole. When the push cylinder 134 is activated, its output end (piston rod) is fixedly connected to the connecting ring 133, driving the entire push plate 131 assembly to synchronously advance forward or retract backward.

[0054] The connecting ring 133 also integrates a second optical detector 135, which is preferably a non-contact high-precision measuring device such as a laser displacement sensor, a capacitive displacement sensor, or a grating ruler. Its measuring optical axis is aligned with the end face of the bearing under test or a reference target rigidly connected to it, and it collects the axial displacement of the bearing generated during the pushing process of the pusher plate 131 in real time. The signal output terminal of the second optical detector 135 is connected to the control system, which can continuously record the displacement-time or displacement-force curve. By analyzing the maximum displacement difference during the forward pushing and reverse release processes, the actual axial clearance of the bearing can be accurately calculated.

[0055] To ensure the safety of the testing process and the stability of the system in non-operating conditions, the axial measurement assembly 105 is also equipped with a limiting mechanism—the limiting block 132—to restrict the movement of the push plate 131. When no axial testing is being performed, the limiting block 132 locks the push plate 131 in an initial safe position, preventing displacement due to accidental vibration, air pressure fluctuations, or misoperation, thereby protecting the bearing under test and the equipment itself. Before testing begins, the limiting block 132 automatically releases its restriction, allowing the push plate 131 to move freely; after testing is completed, the limiting block 132 re-locks, restoring the safe state.

[0056] The limiting block 132 includes a limiting block body 136 and a limiting cylinder 137. The limiting block body 136 is slidably disposed on the base 101, and the output end of the limiting cylinder 137 is connected to the limiting block body 136.

[0057] The limiting block body 136 is a block or pin-shaped structure, slidably mounted in a pre-set limiting groove or guide rail on the base 101, and can extend into or retract along the movement path of the push plate 131. The limiting cylinder 137 is a small pneumatic actuator, the output end of which is connected to the limiting block body 136 to control its reciprocating extension and retraction. When the limiting cylinder 137 is ventilated, it pushes the limiting block body 136 to move laterally, so that one end of it inserts into the limiting groove of the push plate 131 group or the connecting ring 133, forming a mechanical block and achieving reliable locking; when the detection is activated, the limiting cylinder 137 is de-ventilated or reversed, driving the limiting block body 136 out of the limiting position, releasing the constraint, and allowing the push plate 131 to move freely under the drive of the push cylinder 134.

[0058] Second Embodiment The present invention also provides a method for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components, using the aforementioned device for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components.

[0059] Place the wheel hub bearing to be tested in the center of the base 101 of the testing device. Activate the lifting cylinder 109 in the fixing assembly 103, whose output drives the lifting rod 108 to move upward. The lifting rod 108, through multiple push rods 107, drives the surrounding fixing rods 106 to simultaneously disperse outward, thereby pressing the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing from the inside, ensuring that the bearing does not rotate circumferentially or shift radially during the testing process.

[0060] After the bearing is reliably secured, the axial clearance is measured first. The control system issues a command to drive the limit cylinder 137 to actuate, causing its output end to move the limit block body 136 out of the movement path of the push plate 131, releasing the mechanical limit on the push plate 131 and preparing for the application of axial thrust. Subsequently, the push cylinder 134 is activated, and its piston rod pushes the connecting ring 133 and the multiple push plates 131 fixedly connected to it to move forward at a constant speed along the axial direction until the end face of the push plate 131 gently contacts the end face of the bearing (or contacts the axial force-bearing surface of the inner / outer ring of the bearing through the adapter).

[0061] The cylinder 134 continues to apply a predetermined axial thrust (such as a standard value of 50N or 100N), causing the rolling elements inside the bearing to overcome the preload or clearance and generate axial displacement. During this process, the second optical detector 135, located on the connecting ring 133, collects the displacement change of the bearing end face in real time and continuously transmits the data to the data acquisition system.

[0062] After the axial test is completed, the push cylinder 134 retracts, and the limit cylinder 137 restarts, pushing the limit block body 136 back to the limit position to ensure that the push plate 131 is in a safe locked state and to avoid interfering with subsequent radial measurements.

[0063] Subsequently, the radial measurement assembly 104 is activated. The motor 125 is powered on, and its output drives the gear 124 to rotate. Since the gear 124 meshes with the gear ring fixed on the outer support frame 102, the gear 124 rolls on the gear ring, thereby driving the moving block body 123 to perform uniform circular motion around the bearing under test along the annular guide rail of the outer support frame 102. During the movement of the moving block 111, the measuring head 113 on it synchronously performs a 360° continuous scan along the outer ring surface of the bearing.

[0064] The measuring wheel 128 in the measuring head 113 maintains a tight contact with the outer ring surface of the bearing under the preload of the first elastic element 112. When there is radial clearance in the bearing, its outer ring will experience slight eccentric runout or irregular deformation in the circumferential direction. This displacement is transmitted to the slide rod 127 through the measuring wheel 128, causing the slide rod 127 to reciprocate along the support rod 126. The first optical detector 114 captures the displacement change of the slide rod 127 in real time and converts the signal into a voltage or digital output. The control system filters, denoises, and performs Fourier transform processing on the acquired radial displacement signal to extract the fundamental frequency vibration component, and then calculates the maximum radial runout of the bearing outer ring, which is the radial clearance value.

[0065] To further improve measurement accuracy, the alignment optical detector 130 on the auxiliary support rod 129 works synchronously to monitor the stability of the system reference or perform differential compensation to eliminate common-mode interference caused by thermal deformation, vibration or installation errors of the device.

[0066] The above description discloses only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments can be implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components, comprising a base and an outer support frame, wherein the outer support frame is disposed on the outside of the base, characterized in that, It also includes a fixing component, a radial measuring component, and an axial measuring component. The fixing component includes multiple fixing rods, multiple push rods, a lifting rod, a lifting cylinder, and a pressure plate. The multiple fixing rods are slidably arranged around the base. The lifting rods are slidably arranged below the base. The multiple push rods are rotatably connected to the multiple fixing rods and to the lifting rods respectively. The output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting rod. The pressure plate is slidably arranged above the base. The radial measurement assembly includes a moving block, a first elastic element, a measuring head, and a first optical detector. The moving block is slidably mounted on the outer support frame, the measuring head is slidably mounted on the moving block, and the first optical detector is mounted on the measuring head. The first elastic element presses the measuring head against the bearing to be measured and moves it in a circular motion along the bearing to be measured by the moving block, so as to detect the radial clearance by the first optical detector. The axial measuring component is used to measure the axial clearance of the bearing.

2. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure plate includes a pressing cylinder, a support rod, and a pressure plate body. The pressure plate body is slidably disposed above the base. The support rod is connected to the pressure plate body, and the output end of the pressing cylinder is connected to the support rod.

3. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure plate body includes multiple adjusting rods, adjusting rings, multiple sliders, and multiple connecting rods. The multiple sliders are slidably disposed around the support rod. The adjusting rings are threadedly connected to the support rod and located on one side of the sliders. The multiple adjusting rods are slidably connected to the support rod and located at the bottom of the support rod. One end of each of the multiple connecting rods is connected to one of the multiple sliders, and the other end of each of the multiple connecting rods is connected to one of the multiple adjusting rods.

4. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure plate also includes a reset elastic element, which is disposed between the support rod and the clamping cylinder.

5. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The movable block includes a movable block body, a gear, and a motor. A gear ring is installed on the outer support frame. The movable block body is slidably disposed on the outer support frame. The gear is rotatably connected to the movable block body and meshes with the gear ring. The output end of the motor is connected to the gear.

6. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The measuring head includes a support rod, a slide rod, and a measuring wheel. The support rod is fixed to the moving block body, the slide rod is slidably mounted on the support rod, and the measuring wheel is rotatably mounted at the end of the slide rod. The slide rod is supported by the first elastic element.

7. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The radial measurement assembly also includes an auxiliary support rod and an alignment optical detector. The auxiliary support rod is fixed on the moving block body, and the alignment optical detector is disposed on the auxiliary support rod and is symmetrically arranged with the first optical detector.

8. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The axial measurement assembly includes multiple push plates, a limiting block, a connecting ring, a pushing cylinder, and a second optical detector. The multiple push plates are slidably disposed on one side of the base. The connecting ring is fixedly connected to the multiple push plates and is located at the bottom of the push plates. The output end of the pushing cylinder is connected to the connecting ring. The second optical detector is disposed on the connecting ring. The limiting block is slidably disposed on the base and is used to limit the push plates when no axial clearance is detected.

9. The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The limiting block includes a limiting block body and a limiting cylinder. The limiting block body is slidably disposed on the base, and the output end of the limiting cylinder is connected to the limiting block body.

10. The method for detecting the clearance of automotive wheel hub bearings based on optical components as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The automotive wheel hub bearing clearance detection device based on optical components as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted.

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