A diaphragm compressor system gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system

Abstract

The application discloses a diaphragm compressor system gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system, comprising a parameter input and model construction module, a gas dynamics simulation module, a hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, a solid mechanics simulation module, a two-way coupling data exchange and control module, a unified solver module and a result extraction and post-processing module. The application realizes full-cycle, two-way coupling simulation of the dynamic interaction of the internal complex multi-physical field of the diaphragm compressor by constructing a high-fidelity combined simulation platform integrating gas dynamics, hydraulic oil dynamics and solid mechanics; the system can accurately reproduce the real-time energy and force transmission among the gas, oil and solid components during the working process, so that the problems which are difficult to accurately evaluate by traditional methods can be virtually revealed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of diaphragm compressor technology, and more specifically to a gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system. Background Technology

[0002] A diaphragm compressor is a special positive displacement compressor that relies on the periodic deformation of an elastic diaphragm driven by hydraulic oil to compress gas. Its internal working process involves the thermodynamics and flow effects of gas compression, the incompressible flow and pressure pulsation of hydraulic oil, and the nonlinear deformation and vibration of key solid components such as the diaphragm and piston under alternating loads. It is a typical gas-liquid-solid multi-physics field strongly coupled dynamic process.

[0003] When analyzing diaphragm compressors, traditional design analysis and simulation methods often treat the aforementioned physical fields in isolation, such as performing gas thermodynamic calculations, hydraulic system analysis, or diaphragm static calibrations separately, ignoring the real-time, bidirectional interactions between the fields. This simplification makes it difficult to accurately predict the true stress state and fatigue life of the diaphragm under complex operating conditions, fails to accurately reveal the generation mechanism of system vibration and noise, and makes it difficult to assess the volumetric efficiency loss caused by factors such as diaphragm deformation and leakage.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamic simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address these issues, this invention provides a gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamic simulation system for diaphragm compressor systems. This system solves the problems in existing technologies, such as the difficulty in accurately predicting the true stress state and fatigue life of the diaphragm under complex operating conditions, the inability to accurately reveal the generation mechanism of system vibration and noise, and the difficulty in assessing the volumetric efficiency loss caused by factors such as diaphragm deformation and leakage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system includes the following modules:

[0008] The parameter input and model building module is used to receive user-defined geometric parameters, material physical property parameters, initial operating condition parameters and boundary condition parameters of the diaphragm compressor, and build a three-dimensional parametric simulation geometric model including the gas compression chamber, hydraulic oil chamber and solid structure of diaphragm and piston based on these parameters.

[0009] The gas dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics, is used to numerically solve the transient flow state, pressure field, temperature field changes, and leakage flow of the working gas in the gas compression chamber during the compression and expansion cycle.

[0010] The hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics or fluid network methods, is used to numerically solve the transient pressure pulsation, flow distribution, and oil compressibility effect of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber under piston drive.

[0011] The solid mechanics simulation module, based on the finite element analysis method, is used to numerically solve the nonlinear deformation, stress-strain response and structural vibration of the diaphragm and piston under the action of gas pressure and hydraulic oil pressure loads.

[0012] The bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module is used to establish a real-time data interaction channel between the gas dynamics simulation module, the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module and the solid mechanics simulation module, so as to realize the transmission of gas pressure and temperature loads to the solid mechanics simulation module and the transmission of hydraulic oil pressure loads to the solid mechanics simulation module. At the same time, the diaphragm deformation geometric boundary calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module is fed back in real time and updated to the fluid domain mesh or boundary conditions of the gas dynamics simulation module and the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module.

[0013] The unified solver module is used to coordinate and control the solution timing and iteration steps of the gas dynamics simulation module, hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, solid mechanics simulation module and bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module, so as to realize the joint or sequential iterative solution of multi-physics coupling equations until a convergent transient coupled solution is obtained.

[0014] The result extraction and post-processing module is used to extract and visualize the coupled simulation results from the output of the unified solver module. The coupled simulation results include the transient stress-strain cloud map and fatigue life prediction of the diaphragm, the pressure pulsation spectrum of the gas compression chamber and the hydraulic oil chamber, the vibration modes and noise sound pressure level distribution of the system, and the indicator diagram and volumetric efficiency of the compressor.

[0015] Preferably, the data exchange between the bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module and the gas dynamics simulation module specifically includes: within each coupling time step, mapping the pressure and temperature distribution data of the gas compression chamber wall and the gas side surface of the diaphragm calculated by the gas dynamics simulation module to the load application surface of the corresponding solid structure in the solid mechanics simulation module; simultaneously, feeding back the diaphragm deformation position and shape data updated by the solid mechanics simulation module to the gas dynamics simulation module through dynamic mesh technology or boundary displacement conditions to update the boundary of its flow field calculation domain.

[0016] Preferably, the physical property parameters of the materials include the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, nonlinear stress-strain curve and fatigue characteristic parameters of the diaphragm material, the composition, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the gaseous working fluid, and the density, viscosity and bulk modulus of the hydraulic oil.

[0017] Preferably, the simulation of gas leakage flow specifically includes simulating the amount of gas leakage at the sealing gaps between the diaphragm and the cylinder head, and between the piston and the cylinder block, and its impact on the compression process and efficiency by setting specific gap models or moving mesh regions.

[0018] Preferably, the solid mechanics simulation module is specifically used to perform nonlinear large deformation analysis of the diaphragm. The finite element model of the diaphragm adopts shell elements or solid elements that can simulate large deflection and large strain behavior, and combines the parameters of material elasticity, plasticity and contact effect. The solid mechanics simulation module is also used to predict and evaluate the fatigue life of the diaphragm based on the transient stress and strain results of the diaphragm and the fatigue performance curve of the material, using the cumulative damage theory.

[0019] Preferably, the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module is established by computational fluid dynamics method to solve the three-dimensional transient flow field of the hydraulic oil cavity, and combines the compressibility of the oil and the flow field boundary changes caused by the movement of solid components at the fluid-structure interaction interface.

[0020] Preferably, in the result extraction and post-processing module, the specific process for evaluating the system vibration noise is as follows: based on the structural vibration acceleration or velocity response calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module, combined with acoustic analogy theory or boundary element method, the sound pressure level distribution and spectral characteristics of the external radiated noise of the diaphragm compressor are calculated and output.

[0021] Preferably, the unified solver module adopts an explicit or implicit coupling solution strategy, and balances the computational efficiency and numerical stability of coupled simulation by controlling the coupling time step, data transfer interpolation accuracy and convergence residual threshold.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages: By constructing a high-fidelity joint simulation platform integrating gas dynamics, hydraulic oil dynamics and solid mechanics, the present invention realizes the full-cycle, two-way coupled simulation of the dynamic interaction of complex multi-physics fields inside the diaphragm compressor; the system can accurately reproduce the real-time energy and force transfer between gas, oil and solid components during operation, thereby virtually revealing problems that are difficult to accurately assess using traditional methods;

[0023] This system can accurately predict the true stress-strain history and fatigue life of the diaphragm under alternating loads, providing a direct basis for reliability design; it can simultaneously analyze hydraulic oil pressure pulsation and structural vibration response, accurately locate vibration and noise sources and assess their intensity; and it can comprehensively consider the impact of multiple factors such as diaphragm deformation and gas leakage on volumetric efficiency, pointing out optimization directions for improving energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more intuitively illustrate the prior art and this application, exemplary drawings are provided below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing this application; for example, based on the technical concept disclosed in this application and the exemplary drawings, those skilled in the art are able to easily make conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / classification, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, size ratios, etc. of certain units (components).

[0025] Figure 1 A block diagram of a gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamic simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are merely for further explanation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Technical engineers in the field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above-described content. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 A simulation system for gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics of a diaphragm compressor system, comprising the following functional modules:

[0028] The parameter input and model building module is used to receive user-defined geometric parameters, material physical property parameters, initial operating condition parameters and boundary condition parameters of the diaphragm compressor, and build a three-dimensional parametric simulation geometric model including the gas compression chamber, hydraulic oil chamber and solid structure of diaphragm and piston based on these parameters.

[0029] The gas dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics, is used to numerically solve the transient flow state, pressure field, temperature field changes, and leakage flow of the working gas in the gas compression chamber during the compression and expansion cycle.

[0030] The hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics or fluid network methods, is used to numerically solve the transient pressure pulsation, flow distribution, and oil compressibility effect of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber under piston drive.

[0031] The solid mechanics simulation module, based on the finite element analysis method, is used to numerically solve the nonlinear deformation, stress-strain response and structural vibration of the diaphragm and piston under the action of gas pressure and hydraulic oil pressure loads.

[0032] The bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module is used to establish a real-time data interaction channel between the gas dynamics simulation module, the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module and the solid mechanics simulation module. Specifically, it realizes the transmission of gas pressure and temperature loads to the solid mechanics simulation module and the transmission of hydraulic oil pressure loads to the solid mechanics simulation module. At the same time, it feeds back the diaphragm deformation geometric boundary calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module in real time and updates it to the fluid domain mesh or boundary conditions of the gas dynamics simulation module and the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module.

[0033] The unified solver module is used to coordinate and control the solution timing and iteration steps of the gas dynamics simulation module, hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, solid mechanics simulation module and bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module, so as to realize the joint or sequential iterative solution of multi-physics coupling equations until a convergent transient coupled solution is obtained.

[0034] The result extraction and post-processing module is used to extract and visualize the coupled simulation results from the output of the unified solver module. The results include, but are not limited to, the transient stress-strain cloud map and fatigue life prediction of the diaphragm, the pressure pulsation spectrum of the gas compression chamber and the hydraulic oil chamber, the vibration modes and noise sound pressure level distribution of the system, and the indicator diagram and volumetric efficiency of the compressor.

[0035] During system implementation, the parameter input and model building module receives detailed compressor design parameters and operating conditions input by the user and automatically generates a three-dimensional parametric simulation model. This step ensures a high degree of consistency between the simulation model and the physical prototype, laying a precise geometric and physical property foundation for subsequent high-fidelity simulations. Subsequently, the unified solver module initiates and coordinates the entire coupled simulation process. Within each tiny coupled time step, the gas dynamics simulation module first solves for the transient pressure, temperature, and velocity field within the gas compression chamber based on the current flow field boundary (the diaphragm shape fed back from the initial or previous time step). This accurately characterizes the thermodynamics and flow behavior of the working gas, which has the advantage of realistically reflecting the thermal effects and leakage losses during gas compression, providing crucial data for evaluating volumetric efficiency. Following this, the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module solves for the transient oil pressure and flow state within the hydraulic oil chamber in parallel, thereby precisely simulating the establishment and pulsation process of oil pressure.

[0036] The bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module accurately maps and transmits the diaphragm gas-side pressure distribution calculated by the gas simulation module and the diaphragm oil-side pressure distribution calculated by the hydraulic oil simulation module to the solid mechanics simulation module as its load input. The solid mechanics simulation module then solves for the deformation and stress of components such as the diaphragm and piston under this bidirectional fluid pressure. This step simulates the diaphragm's real nonlinear large deformation and complex stress state, which has the advantage of accurately predicting the diaphragm's fatigue weak points and lifespan, providing a quantitative basis for reliability design. Subsequently, the solid mechanics simulation module feeds back the calculated, deformed diaphragm geometry in real time and updates the fluid domain boundaries of the gas and hydraulic oil simulation modules. This real-time, bidirectional data exchange closed loop allows the simulation to dynamically reflect the core coupled physical process of "fluid pressure causing structural deformation, which in turn changes the flow field morphology," thus overcoming the limitations of traditional unidirectional or decoupled simulations and improving the accuracy of predicting the overall system behavior (such as efficiency, vibration, and noise).

[0037] Finally, the coupled data from all time steps are comprehensively analyzed by the result extraction and post-processing module to generate a visualized performance and lifespan report. The entire process is conducted in a closed loop on a unified digital platform, completely and virtually reproducing the actual working cycle of the diaphragm compressor. This provides designers with a powerful "digital prototype," enabling in-depth performance prediction, problem diagnosis, and optimization iteration of various design schemes before the physical prototype is manufactured. This significantly reduces R&D costs, shortens the development cycle, and improves the final performance and reliability of the product.

[0038] The bidirectional coupling data exchange and control module exchanges data between the gas dynamics simulation module and the solid mechanics simulation module. Specifically, it includes: mapping the pressure and temperature distribution data of the gas compression chamber wall and the gas side surface of the diaphragm calculated by the gas dynamics simulation module to the load application surface of the corresponding solid structure in the solid mechanics simulation module within each coupling time step; at the same time, feeding back the diaphragm deformation position and shape data updated by the solid mechanics simulation module to the gas dynamics simulation module through dynamic mesh technology or boundary displacement conditions to update the boundary of its flow field calculation domain.

[0039] After the gas and hydraulic oil simulation module calculates the distributed pressure and temperature data, it is precisely applied to the corresponding nodes of the solid model through a data mapping algorithm to ensure realistic stress simulation. Simultaneously, the geometric data of the deformed solid is fed back in real time using dynamic mesh technology or moving boundary conditions to update the boundaries of the fluid computational domain. This technical solution achieves closed-loop simulation of "fluid pressure-induced structural deformation—structural deformation-induced inverse plastic flow field morphology," overcoming the errors caused by traditional simplified loads or fixed boundaries.

[0040] In the parameter input and model construction module, the material physical property parameters include the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, nonlinear stress-strain curve, and fatigue characteristic parameters of the diaphragm material; the composition, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the gaseous working fluid; and the density, viscosity, and bulk modulus of the hydraulic oil. By inputting the nonlinear stress-strain curve and fatigue characteristic parameters of the diaphragm, the simulation can simulate the elastoplastic behavior of the material and make scientific life predictions. At the same time, by inputting the bulk modulus of the hydraulic oil, the simulation can take into account the compressibility of the oil, thereby more realistically simulating the transmission characteristics, pressure fluctuations, and dynamic response of oil pressure under high-pressure or high-frequency conditions. This ensures the physical authenticity of the simulation model and lays a solid foundation for obtaining accurate results.

[0041] In the gas dynamics simulation module, the simulation of gas leakage flow specifically includes setting specific gap models or dynamic mesh regions to simulate the amount of gas leakage at the sealing gaps between the diaphragm and the cylinder head, and between the piston and the cylinder, and its impact on the compression process and efficiency.

[0042] The aforementioned technical solution can simulate gas leakage in the sealing gaps between the diaphragm and cylinder head, and between the piston and cylinder block, using gap modeling or dynamic mesh technology. This capability allows designers to quantitatively evaluate the leakage rate of different sealing designs and their impact on the compression process and volumetric efficiency on a digital platform. Sealing problems, traditionally reliant on experience and experimentation, are thus transformed into engineering problems that can be parametrically analyzed and optimized, significantly improving design specificity and efficiency, and providing a direct analytical tool for reducing efficiency losses.

[0043] The solid mechanics simulation module is specifically used to perform nonlinear large deformation analysis of the diaphragm. The finite element model of the diaphragm uses shell elements or solid elements that can accurately simulate large deflection and large strain behavior, and considers the material's elasticity, plasticity, and contact effects. The solid mechanics simulation module is also used to predict and evaluate the fatigue life of the diaphragm based on the transient stress-strain results of the diaphragm and the fatigue performance curve of the material, using the cumulative damage theory.

[0044] The above scheme can accurately calculate the large deflection and strain at the limit position of the diaphragm, simulate the collision contact with the limiting component, and predict fatigue life and damage hotspots based on the transient stress-strain results and material fatigue curves, providing a quantitative basis for reliability design.

[0045] The hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module is established using computational fluid dynamics methods. It solves the three-dimensional transient flow field of the hydraulic oil cavity, and considers the compressibility of the oil and the flow field boundary changes caused by the movement of solid components at the fluid-structure interaction interface. It combines the oil compressibility setting with dynamic mesh technology to realistically simulate the cavity volume changes and transient flow field caused by piston movement.

[0046] In the result extraction and post-processing module, the specific process for evaluating system vibration and noise is as follows: based on the structural vibration acceleration or velocity response calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module, combined with acoustic analogy theory or boundary element method, the sound pressure level distribution and spectral characteristics of the external radiated noise of the diaphragm compressor are calculated and output.

[0047] When implementing the system vibration and noise assessment function, based on the structural surface vibration data obtained from coupled simulation, acoustic analogy theory or the boundary element method are applied to calculate the propagation of sound waves in the air, ultimately outputting the sound pressure level distribution and spectrum of radiated noise. This function constructs a complete prediction chain from internal multi-physics coupled excitation to external sound radiation effects, enabling designers to directly and quantitatively evaluate the performance of different design schemes at the digital prototype stage. It seamlessly integrates traditional vibration analysis with acoustic prediction, greatly enhancing the product's forward-looking development capabilities in low-noise design.

[0048] The unified solver module employs an explicit or implicit coupling solution strategy, balancing the computational efficiency and numerical stability of coupled simulation by controlling the coupling time step, data transfer interpolation accuracy, and convergence residual threshold.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation system for gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics of a diaphragm compressor system, characterized in that, Includes the following modules: The parameter input and model building module is used to receive user-defined geometric parameters, material physical property parameters, initial operating condition parameters and boundary condition parameters of the diaphragm compressor, and build a three-dimensional parametric simulation geometric model including the gas compression chamber, hydraulic oil chamber and solid structure of diaphragm and piston based on these parameters. The gas dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics, is used to numerically solve the transient flow state, pressure field, temperature field changes, and leakage flow of the working gas in the gas compression chamber during the compression and expansion cycle. The hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, based on computational fluid dynamics or fluid network methods, is used to numerically solve the transient pressure pulsation, flow distribution, and oil compressibility effect of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber under piston drive. The solid mechanics simulation module, based on the finite element analysis method, is used to numerically solve the nonlinear deformation, stress-strain response and structural vibration of the diaphragm and piston under the action of gas pressure and hydraulic oil pressure loads. The bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module is used to establish a real-time data interaction channel between the gas dynamics simulation module, the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module and the solid mechanics simulation module, so as to realize the transmission of gas pressure and temperature loads to the solid mechanics simulation module and the transmission of hydraulic oil pressure loads to the solid mechanics simulation module. At the same time, the diaphragm deformation geometric boundary calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module is fed back in real time and updated to the fluid domain mesh or boundary conditions of the gas dynamics simulation module and the hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module. The unified solver module is used to coordinate and control the solution timing and iteration steps of the gas dynamics simulation module, hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module, solid mechanics simulation module and bidirectional coupled data exchange and control module, so as to realize the joint or sequential iterative solution of multi-physics coupling equations until a convergent transient coupled solution is obtained. The result extraction and post-processing module is used to extract and visualize the coupled simulation results from the output of the unified solver module. The coupled simulation results include the transient stress-strain cloud map and fatigue life prediction of the diaphragm, the pressure pulsation spectrum of the gas compression chamber and the hydraulic oil chamber, the vibration modes and noise sound pressure level distribution of the system, and the indicator diagram and volumetric efficiency of the compressor.

2. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional coupling data exchange and control module exchanges data between the gas dynamics simulation module and the solid mechanics simulation module. Specifically, it includes: mapping the pressure and temperature distribution data of the gas compression chamber wall and the gas side surface of the diaphragm calculated by the gas dynamics simulation module to the load application surface of the corresponding solid structure in the solid mechanics simulation module within each coupling time step; at the same time, feeding back the diaphragm deformation position and shape data updated by the solid mechanics simulation module to the gas dynamics simulation module through dynamic mesh technology or boundary displacement conditions to update the boundary of its flow field calculation domain.

3. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical properties of the materials include the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, nonlinear stress-strain curve and fatigue characteristic parameters of the diaphragm material, the composition, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the gaseous working fluid, and the density, viscosity and bulk modulus of the hydraulic oil.

4. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulation of gas leakage flow specifically involves setting up specific gap models or dynamic mesh regions to simulate the amount of gas leakage at the sealing gaps between the diaphragm and cylinder head, and between the piston and cylinder, and its impact on the compression process and efficiency.

5. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid mechanics simulation module is specifically used to perform nonlinear large deformation analysis of the diaphragm. The finite element model of the diaphragm adopts shell elements or solid elements that can simulate large deflection and large strain behavior, and combines the parameters of material elasticity, plasticity and contact effect. The solid mechanics simulation module is also used to predict and evaluate the fatigue life of the diaphragm based on the transient stress and strain results of the diaphragm and the fatigue performance curve of the material, through the cumulative damage theory.

6. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic oil dynamics simulation module is established by computational fluid dynamics method to solve the three-dimensional transient flow field of the hydraulic oil cavity, and combines the compressibility of the oil and the flow field boundary changes caused by the motion of solid components at the fluid-structure interaction interface.

7. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the result extraction and post-processing module, the specific process for evaluating system vibration and noise is as follows: based on the structural vibration acceleration or velocity response calculated by the solid mechanics simulation module, combined with acoustic analogy theory or boundary element method, the sound pressure level distribution and spectral characteristics of the external radiated noise of the diaphragm compressor are calculated and output.

8. The gas-liquid-solid coupling dynamics simulation system for a diaphragm compressor system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unified solver module employs an explicit or implicit coupling solution strategy, balancing the computational efficiency and numerical stability of coupled simulation by controlling the coupling time step, data transfer interpolation accuracy, and convergence residual threshold.

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