A type of operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 High-power millimeter-wave rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter in various modes

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for operating in a circular waveguide TE 11 This invention relates to a millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter, belonging to the field of millimeter-wave transmission technology. It comprises a rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler, a rectangular-circular waveguide transition section, and a rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section, with its central plane divided into two symmetrical microwave channels. Electromagnetic waves are first injected through the first port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler, then split into two paths entering the rectangular-circular waveguide transition section through the third and fourth ports of the coupler, and subsequently injected into the rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section. After propagating a certain distance within the two phase shifting waveguides, the waves are reflected by a rotating metal plate piston and finally output from the second port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler. This invention modulates the phase at the output end by changing the electrical length of the electromagnetic wave propagating within the phase shifting section by rotating the position of the metal plate piston. Within the same operating frequency band, it possesses advantages such as high power capacity, compact structure, high phase shifting accuracy, and a large phase shifting range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of millimeter-wave transmission technology, specifically relating to a method for operating in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter in a specific mode. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwave phase shifters are key components in high-power phased array antenna beam control systems, playing a crucial role in antenna beam scanning and spatial power combining. Based on their phase-shifting principles, they can be categorized into mechanical and electrically controlled types. Electrically controlled phase shifters require a dielectric medium to achieve phase shifting, and the dielectric breakdown problem results in lower power capacity, making them unsuitable for direct application in high-power microwave beam control. In contrast, mechanical waveguide phase shifters, employing a hollow metal waveguide structure, offer power capacity several orders of magnitude higher than electrically controlled phase shifters, making them the most suitable solution for high-power microwave beam control systems. According to their phase-shifting principles, existing mechanical phase shifting schemes can be mainly divided into wide-side adjustable phase shifters, rotary phase shifters based on linear-circular polarization conversion, and path-adjustable phase shifters.

[0003] The National University of Defense Technology and the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology have researched phase shifters based on the wide-side adjustable principle (related reference 1: A Novel Phase Shifter for Ku-Band High-Power Microwave Applications). This type of phase shifter modulates the phase by stretching a piston to change the propagation constant of the microwave, but its phase shift curve has low linearity. In recent years, the research team at the National University of Defense Technology has proposed several rotary phase shifters based on linear-circular polarization conversion (related reference 2: High-Power Microwave™). 01 The phase shifters (reference 3: Research on a Novel High-Power Microwave Phase Shifter; reference 4: Rotary Adjustable Phase Shifter Based on a Rectangular Waveguide Narrow-Side Slot 3dB Coupler) all employ a rotating structure based on a circular polarizer for phase shifting, achieving high phase shifting accuracy. However, they lack in both structural compactness and ease of operation. The stretchable phase shifter based on the path-adjustable principle, featuring a rectangular waveguide narrow-side slot 3dB coupler (reference 5: Development of a 975MHz High-Power Phase Shifter), modulates the phase by changing the electrical length of the microwave through a stretching piston. While the stretching piston simplifies the overall structure of the phase shifter, it also reduces the compactness of the phase shifting structure. Furthermore, operating within a rectangular TE... 10Mode electromagnetic waves can easily cause a local increase in field strength at the edge gap of a metal piston, leading to electric field breakdown. The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China proposed a waveguide narrow-side gap 3dB coupler phase shifter based on a rotating path-adjustable structure (related reference 6 is titled: A Waveguide Narrow-Side Gap Bridge Phase Shifter with a Rotating Choke Piston). Although the rotating structure can improve the compactness of the phase shifter to some extent, the choke piston structure increases the structural complexity of the phase shifting unit. Furthermore, the rectangular TE with its polarization direction parallel to the rotation plane within the phase shifting unit... 10 The mode not only causes a sharp increase in the local electric field within the phase-shifting unit, but also increases the local field strength along the edge gap of the metal reflector, which is not conducive to improving the power capacity of the phase shifter.

[0004] In summary, power capacity, phase shift range, phase shift accuracy, and structural compactness are key indicators for evaluating the performance of high-power phase shifters. However, the overall performance of current phase shifters is insufficient to meet practical application requirements. Especially with the continuous development of high-power microwaves towards millimeter waves and other high-frequency bands, even higher demands are placed on the structure and performance of phase shifters. Therefore, designing a phase shifter with excellent overall performance that can meet the practical application needs of millimeter waves and other high-frequency bands is essential. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter to address the challenges of operating in a rectangular TE mode in path-adjustable phase shifters. 10 This paper addresses the problem that electromagnetic waves can easily generate local electric field enhancement and reduce the power capacity of phase shifters. It also solves the problem that existing designs cannot simultaneously achieve a balance between structural compactness, phase shift range, and phase shift accuracy. Furthermore, considering the limited research and application of phase shifters with 3dB wide-side gap waveguide couplers, a path-adjustable phase shifter design scheme is proposed, which can operate in the millimeter-wave band and features high power capacity, compact structure, high phase shift accuracy, and a large phase shift range.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an embodiment of a method for operating in a circular waveguide TE 11 The millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter includes: a rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler, a rectangular-circular waveguide transition section, and a rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section; The rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler consists of two rectangular waveguides sharing a common H-plane, with a coupling slot in the middle of the common H-plane forming a central coupling region; the first port and the second port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler are the input and output ports for millimeter waves, respectively. The rectangular-circular waveguide transition section includes two rectangular-circular waveguide transition sections connected to the third and fourth ports of the 3dB wide-side slot coupler of the rectangular waveguide, respectively, for transmitting the rectangular TE output from the coupler. 10 Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE 11 model; The rotary circular waveguide phase shifter includes two annular cylindrical hollow cavity segments, two matching load ports, and a rotary piston. One end of each of the two annular cylindrical hollow cavity segments is connected to one of the two rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition segments, and the other end is connected to one of the two matching load ports. The plane containing the rotation center axis of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is parallel to the long side of the rectangular waveguide port of the rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition segment. The rotary piston includes a central rotation shaft, two nested rings at both ends of the shaft, and two metal reflector pistons fixed to the nested rings. The edges of the nested rings are embedded in the center of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment, and the metal reflector pistons are located inside the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment. The rotation of the central rotation shaft drives the metal reflector pistons to rotate, thereby changing the TE of the circular waveguide. 11 The reflection path length of the mode is used to achieve phase shifting.

[0007] Preferably, the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler contains a rectangular TE 10 The polarization direction of the mode is perpendicular to the coupling gap, forming a wide-side gap coupling structure, which can be directly connected to the devices at both ends without polarization torsion of the millimeter wave.

[0008] Preferably, the coupling slot of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler adopts a multi-set stepped structure design to achieve rapid coupling control of millimeter waves while shortening the length of the coupling region.

[0009] Preferably, the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment adopts an overmode waveguide structure design, and the curvature of its annular structure is constant, which is used to improve power capacity while realizing rotational reflection function.

[0010] Preferably, the overmode waveguide is configured to suppress mode coupling introduced by the bent structure; by calculating TE 11 With TM 01 The coupling coefficients between modes are determined and the coupled wave equations are solved to suppress interfering modes TM. 01 This ensures that only the master mold TE exists within the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment. 11 This allows for transmission, thereby maximizing the power capacity of the phase shifter.

[0011] Preferably, the TE transmitted within the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment 11The mode is set so that its polarization direction is always perpendicular to the plane containing the rotation center axis, thereby further increasing the power capacity of the phase shifter compared to the operating mode which is parallel to the waveguide bending plane.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall surface of the nested ring is an arc-shaped curved surface, which together with the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder forms a structure in which the edge of the nested ring is embedded in the center of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment.

[0013] Preferably, the central angle corresponding to the arc of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is 180°.

[0014] Preferably, there is a uniform gap between the nested ring and the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder to avoid wear and electric field breakdown arcing.

[0015] Preferably, there is a uniform gap between the metal reflector piston and the annular cylindrical hollow cavity section to avoid wear.

[0016] The working process of this invention is as follows: electromagnetic waves are input through the first port of the 3dB wide-side slot coupler of the rectangular waveguide, and after passing through the central coupling region, they are output through the third and fourth ports. The output mode is a rectangular waveguide TE with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. 10 Mode; two rectangular TEs output by the coupler 10 The modes are injected into two rectangular-circular waveguide transition sections respectively. The electromagnetic wave is generated by the rectangular TE within the rectangular-circular waveguide transition section. 10 The mold is gradually converted into a circular TE. 11 The electromagnetic wave propagates a certain distance within the two microwave transmission channels of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity section, is then reflected by a rotating metal plate piston, and finally output from the second port of the 3dB wide-side slot coupler of the rectangular waveguide. By rotating the position of the rotating metal plate piston, the electrical length of the electromagnetic wave propagating within the phase-shifting section can be changed, thereby controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave at the output end.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: (1) The rectangular waveguide 3dB coupler used in this invention adopts a wide-side slot structure, and the rectangular TE at the input and output of the coupler... 10 The mode polarization direction is perpendicular to the coupling slot, thus eliminating the need for additional polarization torsional devices for direct connection to front-end and back-end devices. This significantly improves the compactness of the device structure, making it particularly suitable for millimeter-wave bands where size requirements are stringent. (2) The rotary metal plate piston used in this invention has a gap between it and the waveguide wall. The metal plate piston can achieve non-contact rotation, avoiding mechanical wear and significantly improving the service life of the piston and the long-term working stability of the device.

[0018] (3) The phase shifting segment of the present invention operates in the circular waveguide TE 11 In this design, the energy of the electromagnetic field is mainly concentrated in the central region, while the energy at the edges is smaller, which can avoid electric field breakdown at the gaps. Simulation results show that this design can increase the power capacity of the phase shifter by more than two times, providing an effective way to solve the problem of limited breakdown voltage under millimeter-wave high power conditions.

[0019] (4) The phase-shifting segment circular waveguide TE of the present invention 11 The electric field polarization direction of the mode is always perpendicular to the curved plane of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment. Compared with the operating mode that is parallel to the curved plane, this design can further increase the power capacity of the phase shifter.

[0020] (5) In this invention, the phase shifting segment uses a circular waveguide TE. 11 Even if there are gaps between the metal plate piston and the waveguide wall, very little electromagnetic wave energy leaks into the gaps and behind the piston. Therefore, there is no need to set up an additional choke structure, which simplifies the device structure, improves the compactness and reliability of the device, and reduces the processing difficulty and cost.

[0021] (6) The present invention replaces the traditional stretching piston with a rotary piston. The rotational driving method does not require converting the rotational torque of the motor into linear thrust. The motor can directly drive the rotating shaft to rotate. Therefore, it has the advantages of simple driving structure, fast phase shift speed and high control accuracy. It is particularly suitable for millimeter-wave phased array systems that require fast beam scanning.

[0022] (7) The present invention replaces the traditional stretching piston with a rotary piston. Since the phase shift relationship introduces the arc length, the phase shift accuracy of the present invention is higher than that of the stretching phase shifter.

[0023] (8) Through the structural design of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity, the present invention can achieve a large-range phase shift of more than 360°, and maintain the continuity and linearity of phase adjustment throughout the entire phase shift range, providing key device support for high-power phased array antennas to achieve wide-angle beam scanning. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 The embodiments of the present invention provide operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter in this mode; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rectangular-circular waveguide transition section provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the rectangular-circular waveguide transition section provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating circular waveguide phase shifter provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary piston provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 The transmission coefficient S at the center frequency of 31.25 GHz provided in this embodiment of the invention is... 21 The curve showing the relationship between piston rotation angle and rotation angle; Figure 10 This is a curve showing the relationship between the output phase and the piston rotation angle at the center frequency of 31.25 GHz, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is an internal electric field distribution diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the metal plate piston rotates 135° at the center frequency of 31.25 GHz.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler; 11. Central coupling region; 12. First port; 13. Second port; 14. Third port; 15. Fourth port; 16. Second curved rectangular waveguide; 17. First curved rectangular waveguide; 18. First coupling slot; 19. Second coupling slot; 2. Rectangular-circular waveguide transition section; 21. Second rectangular-circular waveguide transition section; 22. First rectangular-circular waveguide transition section; 3. Rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section; 31. First matched load port; 32. Second matched load port; 33. First outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder; 34. Second outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder; 35. Central rotation axis; 36. Second nested ring; 37. First nested ring; 38. Second metal reflector piston; 39. First metal reflector piston. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] Figures 1-8 The operation provided in the embodiments of the present invention is in a circular waveguide TE 11 The diagram shows the overall structure and individual components of a millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter. Figure 1 As shown, the phase shifter adopts an all-metal structure, including a rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1, a rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 2, and a rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section 3.

[0029] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1 is composed of two rectangular waveguides of the same size arranged side by side and sharing a common H-plane; a coupling slot (including a first coupling slot 18 and a second coupling slot 19) is provided in the middle of the common H-plane, forming a central coupling region 11.

[0030] The rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1 specifically includes a first port 12, a second port 13, a third port 14, and a fourth port 15. The first port 12 and the second port 13 are the input port and the output port, respectively. The third port 14 is connected to the first rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 22 through the first curved rectangular waveguide 17. The fourth port 15 is connected to the second rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 21 through the second curved rectangular waveguide 16.

[0031] The design challenge of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1 lies in the fact that the electromagnetic wave operates at the input end of the coupler in a rectangular TE... 10 In this mode, the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic wave change drastically after entering the coupling region. 10 It will switch to a mixed mode, which will then be further decomposed into two TEs at the output port. 10 Mode; compared with existing technical solutions, rectangular waveguide TE 10 →TE 20 →Two TEs 10 Regarding the transmission method, the design structure in this scheme focuses on solving the impact of the hybrid mode on the isolation and directionality of the coupler through a stepped coupling structure. While meeting the design requirements, it can shorten the overall structural size of the phase shifter and improve the operating bandwidth and structural compactness of the device.

[0032] like Figures 4-5As shown, two rectangular-circular waveguide transition sections 2 are used. There is a gap at the circular waveguide port of both the first rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 22 and the second rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 21, which can prevent the rotating piston from wearing with the transition section and sparking.

[0033] like Figures 6-8 As shown, each rotating circular waveguide phase shifting segment 3 includes an annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment ( Figure 6 ) and rotary piston ( Figure 7 The annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment has a metal wall composed of an inner rotatable arc-shaped metal surface and an outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder (including a first outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder 33 and a second outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder 34). There is a uniform gap between the inner rotatable arc-shaped metal surface and the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder to avoid wear and sparking.

[0034] In this embodiment, the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is designed as an overmode waveguide structure, allowing the circular waveguide TE to... 11 and TM 01 Simultaneous transmission of modes, compared to the single-mode waveguide structure used in existing technical solutions, the overmode waveguide structure has a larger aperture, which can greatly improve the power capacity of the phase shifter.

[0035] In this embodiment, to enable the metal reflector piston to rotate, the annular structure of the overmode waveguide must be a constant curvature structure. Simultaneously, according to the coupling wave principle, the TE within the bent waveguide structure... 11 and TM 01 Mode coupling will occur, so controlling mode coupling in the curved overmode waveguide becomes the design focus and difficulty of this part. Therefore, the TE in the curved circular waveguide is calculated according to formula (1). 11 With TM 01 Coupling coefficient between : (1), in, The relative coupling coefficient, The curvature equation of the waveguide is given, and further based on TE... 11 With TM 01 Solving the coupled wave equation (2) between TE in the ring circular waveguide structure 11 With TM 01 The energy coupling process between them: (2), in, For TE 11 The amplitude of the mode, The direction of electromagnetic wave propagation. Represents the imaginary part. For TE11 The propagation constant of the pattern, For TM 01 The amplitude of the pattern.

[0036] Finally, the interference mode TM is determined through an iterative algorithm. 01 Suppress the signal so that only TE is present within the entire annular cylindrical hollow cavity waveguide. 11 Mode transmission. The above design allows only the main mode to be transmitted within the overmode curved circular waveguide, enabling the phase shifter to maximize the device's power capacity while ensuring rotation around the center.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the rotary piston includes a central rotating shaft 35, a first nested ring 37, a second nested ring 36, a first metal reflector piston 39, and a second metal reflector piston 38. The two metal reflector pistons have uniform gaps between themselves and the metal walls of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity section to prevent wear and sparking.

[0038] The first metal reflector piston 39 and the second metal reflector piston 38 are respectively connected to the first nested ring 37 and the second nested ring 36, and are further connected to the central rotating shaft 35.

[0039] The two circular waveguide ports on the upper side of the rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section 3 serve as the first matching load port 31 and the second matching load port 32, respectively. The two circular waveguide ports on the lower side of the rotating circular waveguide phase shifting section 3 are connected to the first rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 22 and the second rectangular-circular waveguide transition section 21, respectively. The two matching load ports, the annular cylindrical hollow cavity section, the rectangular-circular waveguide transition section, the metal reflector piston, and the curved waveguide are all symmetrical about their central plane.

[0040] The central rotating shaft 35 has a central hole for housing the shaft of a rotary motor. When the central rotating shaft 35 rotates, the two nested rings and the two metal reflector pistons rotate in a circular motion.

[0041] The central angle corresponding to the arc of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is 180°.

[0042] The specific dimensions of each structure are as follows: the long side h1 of each port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1 is 7.2mm; the short side h2 of each port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler 1 is 4mm; the spacing between the first port 12 and the second port 13 is h3 = 2.64mm; the width of the H-plane inside the central coupling region 11 is h4 = 13.32mm; the spacing between the third port 14 and the fourth port 15 is h5 = 7.44mm; the entrance distance between the first port 12 and the second port 13 is w1 = 6mm; and the distance from the leftmost side of the first port 12 and the second port 13 to the right side of the second coupling slot 19 is w2 = 31.03m. m, and the left distance w3 to the third port 14 and the fourth port 15 is 43.83mm, and the right distance w4 to the third port 14 and the fourth port 15 is 49.43mm. The rotation angle θ of the rotary piston is 0°~180°. The inner radius r1 of the central rotation axis 5 is 1.6mm. The outer radius of the central rotation axis 5 (that is, the inner radius of the first nested ring 37 and the second nested ring 36) is r2=2.4mm. The outer radii of the first nested ring 37 and the second nested ring 36 are both r3=3.2mm. The radii of the first metal reflector piston 39 and the second metal reflector piston 38 are both r4=3.86mm.

[0043] The specific operating method is as follows: using the first port 12 of the 3dB wide-side slot coupler 1 of the waveguide as the input terminal and the second port 13 as the output terminal, the millimeter wave input from the first port 12 operates on the rectangular waveguide TE 10 The waveform is divided into two parts: one part goes directly to port 14, and the other part first passes through a 3dB coupler before entering port 15. The millimeter waves output from ports 14 and 15 still operate in the rectangular waveguide TE mode. 10 The two millimeter waves operate in the same mode, with equal amplitudes and a 90° phase difference. After passing through the first curved rectangular waveguide 17 and the second curved rectangular waveguide 16, and the first rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition section 22 and the second rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition section 21, they are converted into a circular waveguide TE. 11The mode is such that the polarization direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the plane of the rotation center. Within the annular cylindrical hollow cavity of the rotating circular waveguide phase-shifting section 3, two millimeter waves are reflected at the first metal reflector piston 39 and the second metal reflector piston 38, respectively, and the reflected waves return along their original paths. When the two reflected waves pass through the 3dB coupler, their energy is evenly distributed to the first port 12 and the second port 13. In the first port 12, since the millimeter wave reflected from the third port 14 does not pass through the coupler, while the millimeter wave reflected from the fourth port 15 passes through the coupler twice, the two reflected waves have equal amplitudes and a 180° phase difference, resulting in anti-phase cancellation. In the second port 13, both reflected millimeter waves pass through the coupler once, and their magnitudes are equal and they are in phase, superimposed. In the phase-shifting section, since the millimeter waves operate in the circular waveguide TE... 11 In this mode, the energy is mainly concentrated at the center of the circular waveguide, so the field strength at the edge gaps is very small, and very little energy leaks out from the gaps.

[0044] Testing showed that, at a center frequency of 31.25 GHz, the coupler with a 3 dB wide-side gap in the waveguide operated in a circular waveguide TE... 11 The relationship between the transmission coefficient of the mode phase shifter and the rotation angle is as follows: Figure 9 As shown in the figure, during the process of the rotating metal reflector piston rotating from its initial position to 180°, the transmission coefficient S... 21 Better than -0.08dB, meaning the transmission efficiency is greater than 98%.

[0045] Tests showed that, at a center frequency of 31.25 GHz, the phase shift at the output of the phase shifter as a function of the rotation angle during the rotation of the metal reflector piston from its initial position to 180° was as follows: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the phase shift range of the phase shifter is greater than 360°, the phase shift accuracy is about 6.47° / °, and the phase shift curve has good linearity.

[0046] Tests showed that at a center frequency of 31.25 GHz and an injected power of 25 MW, the maximum electric field strength of the phase shifter was obtained when the piston of the metal plate rotated at an angle of 135°. The internal electric field distribution of the phase shifter is as follows: Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the maximum electric field strength inside the phase shifter is 49.2 MV / m, which is less than the breakdown field strength of 50 MV / m on a metal surface in a vacuum at this frequency. Therefore, the power capacity of this phase shifter can reach 25 MW, exhibiting a high power capacity.

[0047] The electromagnetic wave in this invention operates within the phase-shifting section of the circular waveguide TE. 11 This mode, compared to traditional operation in rectangular waveguide TE 10 Mode, Circular Waveguide TE 11The energy of the mode is mainly focused at the center of the metal plate piston. This design results in a lower field strength of electromagnetic waves at the edge gaps of the metal plate piston, making it less likely to cause electric field breakdown. Additionally, in the phase-shifting segment TE... 11 The electric field polarization direction of the mode is always perpendicular to the bending plane of the waveguide. Compared with the operating mode which is parallel to the bending plane of the waveguide, this design can further increase the power capacity of the phase shifter. Due to the special operating mode and electric field distribution of this design, the rotating piston does not require an additional chute structure, which increases the simplicity of the phase shifting system.

[0048] The rotary piston structure of the present invention is directly connected to the motor via a rotating shaft, eliminating the need for an additional structure to convert the motor's rotational torque into linear thrust. Therefore, it has a simpler driving method and faster phase shifting speed compared to a tension piston. Its simple driving structure further improves the overall compactness of the phase shifting system.

[0049] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the operation of the present invention in a circular waveguide TE 11 This millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter features high power capacity, high phase shift accuracy, a wide phase shift range, and a simpler piston structure. Compared to a tension piston structure, the rotating piston used in this invention has a more compact structure and a simpler, more direct driving method. Because the rotating structure of the phase shifting unit adopts a non-contact design, this invention also has a longer service life. Furthermore, the overall length of the phase shifter is approximately 7 wavelengths, and the height is approximately 2 wavelengths, resulting in a relatively compact overall structure.

[0050] The examples described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions that fall within the design concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, include: Rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler, rectangular-circular waveguide transition section and rotary circular waveguide phase shifter; The rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler consists of two rectangular waveguides sharing a common H-plane, with a coupling slot in the middle of the common H-plane; the first port and the second port of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler are the input and output ports for millimeter waves, respectively. The rectangular-circular waveguide transition section includes two rectangular-circular waveguide transition sections connected to the third and fourth ports of the 3dB wide-side slot coupler of the rectangular waveguide, respectively, for transmitting the rectangular TE output from the coupler. 10 Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE 11 model; The rotary circular waveguide phase shifter includes two annular cylindrical hollow cavity segments, two matching load ports, and a rotary piston. One end of each of the two annular cylindrical hollow cavity segments is connected to one of the two rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition segments, and the other end is connected to one of the two matching load ports. The plane containing the rotation center axis of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is parallel to the long side of the rectangular waveguide port of the rectangular-to-circular waveguide transition segment. The rotary piston includes a central rotation shaft, two nested rings at both ends of the shaft, and two metal reflector pistons fixed to the nested rings. The edges of the nested rings are embedded in the center of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment, and the metal reflector pistons are located inside the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment. The rotation of the central rotation shaft drives the metal reflector pistons to rotate, thereby changing the TE of the circular waveguide. 11 The reflection path length of the mode is used to achieve phase shifting.

2. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler contains a rectangular TE 10 The polarization direction of the mode is perpendicular to the coupling gap, forming a wide-side gap coupling structure, which can be directly connected to the devices at both ends without polarization torsion of the millimeter wave.

3. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The coupling slot of the rectangular waveguide wide-side slot 3dB coupler adopts a multi-step structure design to achieve rapid coupling control of millimeter waves while shortening the length of the coupling region.

4. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment adopts an overmode waveguide structure design, and the curvature of its annular structure is constant, which is used to improve power capacity while realizing rotational reflection function.

5. The method described in claim 4 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The overmode waveguide is configured to suppress mode coupling introduced by the bent structure; by calculating TE 11 With TM 01 The coupling coefficients between modes are determined and the coupled wave equations are solved to suppress interfering modes TM. 01 This ensures that only the master mold TE exists within the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment. 11 This allows for transmission, thereby maximizing the power capacity of the phase shifter.

6. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, TE transmitted within the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment 11 The mode is set so that its polarization direction is always perpendicular to the plane containing the rotation center axis, thereby further increasing the power capacity of the phase shifter compared to the operating mode which is parallel to the waveguide bending plane.

7. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The outer wall of the nested ring is an arc-shaped curved surface, which together with the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder forms the structure in which the edge of the nested ring is embedded in the center of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment.

8. The method described in claim 1 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, The central angle corresponding to the arc of the inner wall of the annular cylindrical hollow cavity segment is 180°.

9. The method described in claim 7 for operation in a circular waveguide TE 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, There is a uniform gap between the nested ring and the outer fixed arc-shaped metal cylinder to avoid wear and electric field breakdown arcing.

10. The method for operating in a circular waveguide TE according to claim 1 11 A millimeter-wave high-power rotating reflective waveguide phase shifter of the mode, characterized in that, There is a uniform gap between the metal reflector piston and the annular cylindrical hollow cavity section to avoid wear.

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