A feed for broiler chickens with reduced soybean meal content

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of feed, and particularly relates to a broiler feed with reduced soybean meal dosage. The broiler feed with reduced soybean meal dosage comprises fermented distillers grains (FDG) with a mass fraction of 5% to 10%, and a residual basic daily ration; the basic daily ration comprises the following components in percentage by mass: corn 58.88%; soybean meal 31.50%; soybean oil 5.00%; stone powder 1.30%; salt 0.30%; calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.97%; DL-lysine 0.30%; DL-methionine 0.25%; premix 0.50%. It is found that fermentation can improve the feed nutritional value and apparent digestibility of distillers grains, and increase the addition amount of distillers grains in broilers; and when the addition amount reaches 10%, the liver and kidney functions, antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activity of the broilers are not obviously affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed technology, specifically relating to a broiler feed that reduces the amount of soybean meal used. Background Technology

[0002] my country is the world's largest producer and consumer of poultry. With rapid socio-economic development and rising living standards, the demand for poultry meat continues to increase, leading to a significant increase in the number of grandparent broiler chickens in my country in recent years. However, my country is a country with relatively scarce feed resources, relying heavily on imports for major feed ingredients such as soybean meal and fishmeal. This greatly increases the economic costs of poultry farming and hinders the industry's development. Therefore, it is urgent to fully utilize local non-grain feed resources, improve feed nutrient utilization efficiency, and establish a diversified diet system.

[0003] Furthermore, my country has abundant reserves of baijiu (Chinese liquor) lees, which, due to their high proportion of raw grains and significantly higher crude protein content than corn, are highly suitable as unconventional livestock and poultry feed ingredients. As a byproduct of the brewing process, baijiu lees have plentiful sources and reserves, making them an excellent local feed resource. However, their widespread application in poultry farming has been limited due to their high crude fiber content, low digestible nutrient concentration, and the presence of anti-nutritional factors.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new broiler feed that can make full use of non-grain feed raw material resources, reduce the amount of soybean meal used, and make full use of local distillers' grains resources to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of distillers' grains. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a broiler feed that reduces the amount of soybean meal used.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: The present invention provides a broiler feed with reduced soybean meal usage, wherein the feed comprises 5% to 10% by mass of fermented distillers grains (FDG) and the remainder being a basal diet. The basal diet comprises the following components by weight percentage: corn 58.88%; soybean meal 31.50%; soybean oil 5.00%; limestone powder 1.30%; salt 0.30%; dicalcium phosphate 1.97%; DL-lysine 0.30%; DL-methionine 0.25%; and premix 0.50%.

[0007] Further, each kilogram of the premix contains the following components: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 11.34 g, calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) 9.8 g, salt 2.94 g, lysine (Lys) 0.234 g, methionine (Met) 1.791 g, vitamin A 3000 IU, vitamin D 7500 IU, vitamin E 19 IU, vitamin B12 15 mg, vitamin B6 20.02 mg, Cu 18.5 mg, Zn 118.5 mg, Fe 81 mg, Mn 118.5 mg, Se 0.75 mg, and Co 1.75 mg.

[0008] Furthermore, the fermented lees are obtained by adding 0.3% brewing yeast to the lees and fermenting them for 48-72 hours under conditions of 48%-50% moisture content and 25-50℃.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed comprises 10% by mass of fermented distillers grains (FDG) and the remainder being a basal diet.

[0010] The present invention has the following technical effects: Based on the following discovery, this invention provides a broiler feed that utilizes fermented distillers' grains to reduce the amount of soybean meal used: 1) Fermentation can improve the nutritional value and apparent digestibility of distillers' grains. Fermentation treatment can increase the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber, thereby improving the nutritional value of distillers' grains as a feed ingredient.

[0011] 2) When the FDG (fermented distillers' grains) content in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers reaches 20%, it will affect the survival rate of yellow-feathered broilers and reduce their average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake. When the FDG content in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers is 5% and 10%, it has no effect on the survival rate, average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake.

[0012] 3) Adding fermented distillers' grains (FDG) to the diets of yellow-feathered broilers had no significant effect on the levels of ALT, AST, AKP, and UA in the serum of yellow-feathered broilers. The addition of FDG to the diets of yellow-feathered broilers did not negatively affect liver and kidney function, indicating that FDG can be used as a dietary resource for yellow-feathered broilers.

[0013] 4) Adding fermented distillers grains (FDG) to the diet increases the amylase activity, liver antioxidant capacity, and urea nitrogen content of broilers, while reducing protease activity and uric acid content, which helps improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and production efficiency of broilers. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments.

[0015] The experimental materials involved in this invention are described below: Fermented lees FDG is obtained by adding 0.3% brewing yeast to the lees and fermenting it for 48-72 hours at a moisture content of 48%-50% and a temperature of 25-50℃.

[0016] The data analysis methods in Examples 1 and 2 of this invention employ SPSS 22 software to perform one-way ANOVA on the experimental data and apply Duncan's multiple comparison test, using P < 0.05 as the criterion for statistical significance; P > 0.05 is considered as insignificant. The results report includes the mean and its standard error (SEM).

[0017] Example 1: Analysis of the apparent digestibility of nutrients in distillers' grains and fermented distillers' grains using biomimetic digestion and biological methods. Ninety 35-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers of similar body condition and weight were divided into three groups according to different experimental diets, with five replicates per group and six birds per replicate. Each animal was fed individually in a metabolic cage. Group 1 was fed a complete diet, Group 2 was fed a diet with 20% distillers' grains replacing the complete diet, and Group 3 was fed a diet with 20% fermented distillers' grains replacing the complete diet. After entering the cage, the chickens underwent a 10-day acclimatization period, a 7-day pre-feeding period, and a 1-day fasting and emptying period. Feces were collected for 3 days after the fasting period ended. The experiment lasted for a total of 21 days. The chickens were fed the corresponding experimental diets. On the 27th day of the experiment, they were fasted with a 24-hour emptying period, during which feed and water were not provided. After the fasting period ended, feed restriction was implemented (the feed restriction standard was calculated based on 75% of the daily feed intake per bird), ensuring that the daily feed intake was consistent with the feed intake. Excrement was collected in a manure tray immediately after the start of feed restriction (72 hours). After the feed restriction ended, the collected manure was placed in a bucket and treated with 10% hydrochloric acid for nitrogen fixation. The feces were then dried in an oven at 65°C until their weight no longer changed. After that, they were left to rest for 24 hours to allow them to regain moisture, and then weighed and recorded. The dried feces were then pulverized to a particle size that could pass through a 40-mesh sieve, collected, sealed in resealable bags, and stored at 4°C for subsequent testing.

[0018] In the determination of DDG, FDG and metabolic experiments, the content of basic nutrients such as moisture, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, crude fiber and crude fat in feed and fecal samples was detected.

[0019] The detection method is as follows: Crude protein and crude fat content were determined by the Kjeldahl method, and crude fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Determination of crude fiber: filtration method (GB / T6434-2006); Determination of calcium: Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexometric titration method (GB / T6436-2002); Determination of phosphorus: Spectrophotometry (GB / T6437-2002); The calculation method is as follows: Apparent digestibility of nutrients in the feed ingredient to be tested, % = [Apparent digestibility of nutrients in the mixed feed - Apparent digestibility of nutrients in the basal diet × Proportion of the basal diet in the mixed feed] / Proportion of the ingredient to be tested in the mixed feed.

[0020] Apparent digestibility of nutrients, % = (Nutrient content in intake - Nutrient content in excrement) / Nutrient content in intake × 100%.

[0021] Experimental results: The biomimetic digestibility results of DDG and FDG are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with DDG, FDG showed significantly higher biomimetic dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility. P <0.05).

[0022] .

[0023] The results of the apparent digestibility determination of nutrients in DDG and FDG are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, there was no significant difference between the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fat (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in FDG was significantly higher than that in DDG (P < 0.05).

[0024] .

[0025] The results above show that: 1) Fermentation treatment can increase the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber, thereby improving their nutritional value as feed ingredients.

[0026] 2) By comparison, the apparent digestibility values ​​of dry matter and crude protein determined by the biological method were slightly higher than those determined by the biomimetic digestion method.

[0027] Example 2: Study on the effects of distillers' grains DDG and fermented distillers' grains FDG on liver and kidney function, antioxidant capacity, and digestive enzyme activity in yellow-feathered broilers. One hundred and eighty healthy, uniformly sized 35-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers with an initial weight of 1.22 ± 0.1 kg were selected and randomly divided into six groups using a single-factor randomized experimental design, with five replicates per group and six chickens per replicate. The CN group served as the control group, fed a basal diet. The WEI10 group received 10% DDG as a substitute for the basal diet. The FJ5, FJ10, FJ20, and FJ00 groups received 5%, 10%, 20%, and 100% FDG as substitutes for the basal diet, respectively. The pre-feeding period was 3 days, and the formal experimental period was 15 days, for a total of 18 days. The basal diet formulation is shown in Table 3.

[0028] .

[0029] Each kilogram of premix contains: 11.34 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 9.8 g of dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4), 2.94 g of salt, 0.234 g of lysine (Lys), 1.791 g of methionine (Met), 3000 IU of vitamin A, 7500 IU of vitamin D, 19 IU of vitamin E, 15 mg of vitamin B12, 20.02 mg of vitamin B6, 18.5 mg of Cu, 118.5 mg of Zn, 81 mg of Fe, 118.5 mg of Mn, 0.75 mg of Se, and 1.75 mg of Co.

[0030] The experimental site was disinfected before the experiment began. The basal diet was fed according to the calculated feed intake, twice daily at 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM, with ample water and free access to feed. The chickens' feed intake, water consumption, defecation, and health status were observed daily, and vaccinations were administered according to standard disease prevention procedures. The site was disinfected every 7 days, with a light intensity of 15 lx and room temperature maintained at approximately 24°C. All experimental animals underwent a 7-day acclimatization period before the experiment began. During this period, feeding was conducted according to the experimental grouping requirements, initially with a small amount of distillers' grains (DGD), and the ratio of concentrate to DGD was gradually increased according to the experimental design until the required feed intake was reached.

[0031] At the end of the feeding trial, all experimental chickens were fasted for 12 hours, and 5 mL of blood was collected intravenously and placed in a blood collection tube. After standing at a 45-degree angle for 30 minutes, the tube was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the serum. The supernatant serum was divided into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and stored at -80°C for later use in the detection of relevant serum indicators. Six experimental chickens from each group were randomly selected for slaughter. The abdominal cavity was opened and pancreatic and liver tissues were quickly removed. After separating the intestinal segments, the duodenal, jejunal, and mid-intestinal segments, as well as the chyme, were collected. The tissues were wrapped in aluminum foil, labeled, and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. They were then stored at -80°C for subsequent indicator determination.

[0032] The specific methods and results for measuring the indicators are as follows: 1) Measurement of feed intake and body weight Each chicken was weighed on an empty stomach before and after the experiment, and the initial and final weights were recorded. The amount of feed and the amount of leftover feed were also recorded accurately each time. ADG and ADFI were calculated after the experiment.

[0033] ADG (g / d) = (Final weight of experimental chickens - Initial weight of experimental chickens) / Number of experimental days The effects of DDG and FDG on body weight and feed intake in yellow-feathered broilers are shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows that the survival rates of the FJ20 and FJ100 groups were significantly lower than those of the CN, WEI10, FJ5, and FJ10 groups. P <0.05%, the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of the CN treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments ( P <0.05. The average daily weight gain of the CN treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments ( P <0.05), the average daily feed intake of the CN treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments except the FJ5 treatment ( P <0.05).

[0034] .

[0035] 2) Digestive enzyme activity assay The contents of lipase (LPS), amylase (AMS), and trypsin (gprot) in pancreatic tissue, duodenal chyme, and jejunal chyme were determined using a kit provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Company. The specific experimental procedures were strictly followed according to the kit instructions.

[0036] The effects of FDG on the digestive enzyme activity of yellow-feathered broilers are shown in Table 5. Table 5 shows that in pancreatic tissue, the lipase (LPS) content in the control group was significantly higher than that in the WEI10, FJ5, FJ10, and FJ20 groups (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from the FJ100 group (P > 0.05). The lipase (LPS) content in the FJ100 group was not significantly different from that in the WEI10, FJ5, FJ10, and FJ20 groups (P > 0.05). The pancreatic amylase (AMS) content in the WEI10, FJ5, and FJ20 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, FJ10 group, and FJ100 group (P < 0.05).

[0037] In duodenal chyme, the lipase (LPS) content in the FJ20 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences among the other groups (P > 0.05); there were no significant changes in the amylase (AMS) and trypsin content among the treatment groups (P > 0.05).

[0038] In jejunal chyme, the lipase (LPS) content in the control treatment was significantly higher than that in the FJ5, FJ10, and FJ100 groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LPS content between the WEI10 and FJ20 treatments (P > 0.05), nor between the FJ5 and FJ10 treatments (P > 0.05). The FJ100 treatment had the lowest LPS content. The amylase (AMS) content in the FJ10 treatment was significantly higher than that in the FJ100 treatment (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in AMS content among the control, WEI10, FJ5, and FJ20 treatments (P > 0.05). There was no significant change in trypsin content among the treatments (P > 0.05).

[0039] .

[0040] 3) Determination of antioxidant index Serum and liver tissue indicators were detected using a kit method. For intestinal tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured together with serum using the supernatant of prepared liver tissue homogenate. The kits provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Company were used for the determination, and the specific experimental procedures were strictly followed according to the kit instructions.

[0041] The effects of FDG on the antioxidant function of serum and liver tissue in yellow-feathered broilers are shown in Table 6. Table 6 shows that there were no significant changes in serum SOD and MDA levels among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Serum GSH-Px levels in the FJ10, FJ20, and FJ100 groups were significantly higher than in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in serum GSH-Px levels between the control and WEI10 treatments (P > 0.05). The FJ5 group showed the lowest serum GSH-Px level (P < 0.05). In liver tissue, the SOD level in the FJ10 treatment was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in SOD levels among the WEI10, FJ5, FJ20, and FJ100 groups (P > 0.05). The liver MDA level in the FJ100 group was significantly higher than in the other treatments (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in liver GSH-Px levels among the treatments (P > 0.05).

[0042] .

[0043] 4) Determination of serum biochemical indicators Blood samples were tested using reagent kits provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Company to determine serum biochemical indicators. These mainly included: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA).

[0044] The results of FDG-induced serum biochemical index determination in yellow-feathered broiler chickens are shown in Table 7. Table 7 shows that serum ALT levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the WEI10, FJ5, and FJ100 groups (P < 0.05). Serum BUN levels in the FJ10 group were significantly higher than those in the FJ100 group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in BUN levels among the control group, WEI10 group, FJ5 group, and FJ20 group (P > 0.05). Serum UA levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the WEI10, FJ20, and FJ100 groups (P < 0.05). UA levels in the FJ5 and FJ10 treatments were significantly higher than those in the WEI10 and FJ20 treatments (P < 0.05). The FJ100 group had the lowest UA level (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum AST, AKP, and Cr levels among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). No significant changes were observed in liver ADH levels among the treatments (P > 0.05).

[0045] .

[0046] The experimental results above show that: 1) When the FDG (fermented distillers' grains) content in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers reaches 20%, it will affect the survival rate of yellow-feathered broilers and reduce their average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake. When the FDG content in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers is 5% and 10%, it has no effect on the survival rate, average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake.

[0047] 2) Adding fermented distillers' grains (FDG) to the diets of yellow-feathered broilers had no significant effect on the levels of ALT, AST, AKP, and UA in the serum of yellow-feathered broilers. The addition of FDG to the diets of yellow-feathered broilers did not negatively affect liver and kidney function, indicating that FDG can be used as a dietary resource for yellow-feathered broilers.

[0048] 3) Adding fermented distillers grains (FDG) to the diet increases amylase activity, liver antioxidant capacity, and urea nitrogen content, while reducing protease activity and uric acid content, which helps improve broiler growth performance, gut health, and production efficiency.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] The broiler feed formulation in this embodiment, which reduces the amount of soybean meal used, includes 10% fermented distillers grains (FDG) by mass, and the remainder is the basal diet. The basal diet comprises the following components by weight percentage: corn 58.88%; soybean meal 31.50%; soybean oil 5.00%; limestone powder 1.30%; salt 0.30%; dicalcium phosphate 1.97%; DL-lysine 0.30%; DL-methionine 0.25%; and premix 0.50%.

[0051] Each kilogram of the premix contains the following components: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 11.34 g, dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4) 9.8 g, salt 2.94 g, lysine (Lys) 0.234 g, methionine (Met) 1.791 g, vitamin A 3000 IU, vitamin D 7500 IU, vitamin E 19 IU, vitamin B12 15 mg, vitamin B6 20.02 mg, Cu 18.5 mg, Zn 118.5 mg, Fe 81 mg, Mn 118.5 mg, Se 0.75 mg, and Co 1.75 mg.

[0052] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of this specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broiler feed with reduced soybean meal usage, characterized in that, The feed contains 5% to 10% fermented distillers grains (FDG) by mass, and the remainder is a basal diet. The basal diet comprises the following components by weight percentage: corn 58.88%; soybean meal 31.50%; soybean oil 5.00%; limestone powder 1.30%; salt 0.30%; dicalcium phosphate 1.97%; DL-lysine 0.30%; DL-methionine 0.25%; and premix 0.50%.

2. The broiler feed with reduced soybean meal usage according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each kilogram of the premix contains the following components: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 11.34 g, dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4) 9.8 g, salt 2.94 g, lysine (Lys) 0.234 g, methionine (Met) 1.791 g, vitamin A 3000 IU, vitamin D 7500 IU, vitamin E 19 IU, vitamin B12 15 mg, vitamin B6 20.02 mg, Cu 18.5 mg, Zn 118.5 mg, Fe 81 mg, Mn 118.5 mg, Se 0.75 mg, and Co 1.75 mg.

3. The broiler feed with reduced soybean meal usage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fermented lees are obtained by adding 0.3% brewing yeast to the lees and fermenting them for 48-72 hours under conditions of 48%-50% moisture content and 25-50℃.

4. The broiler feed with reduced soybean meal usage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feed contains 10% fermented distillers grains (FDG) by mass, and the remainder is a basal diet.