A drilling apparatus for an engine block

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of engine block machining equipment, and particularly relates to a drilling device for engine blocks, including a frame, a workpiece positioning and clamping module, an integrated machining spindle module, a micro-mist cooling module, a negative pressure chip removal module, a cutting fluid recovery and purification module, and a central control system. The integrated machining spindle module includes a spindle body, a coaxial switchable tool set, and an electric switching mechanism. The cutting fluid recovery and purification module includes a condensate recovery channel, a primary filter assembly, a precision filter assembly, and a return fluid pipe. The engine block drilling device provided in this application significantly reduces the amount of cutting fluid used through the micro-mist cooling module, greatly lowering the procurement cost of cutting fluid; simultaneously, the cutting fluid recovery and purification module enables the recycling and reuse of cutting fluid, further reducing cutting fluid consumption, lowering waste fluid discharge, and saving approximately [amount missing] waste fluid treatment costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of engine cylinder block processing equipment, and particularly relates to a drilling device for engine cylinder blocks. Background Technology

[0002] Machining the boreholes in engine blocks is a key and challenging process in the machining field. With the automotive industry's ever-increasing demands on engine performance, more stringent standards have been set for the machining accuracy, surface quality, and efficiency of the cylinder block boreholes. Currently, in the cylinder block drilling process, especially in terms of cutting cooling and chip removal, traditional drilling equipment generally uses a spray-type cutting fluid supply method. To ensure cooling and lubrication, a large amount of cutting fluid is typically sprayed continuously. Statistics show that traditional equipment consumes approximately 5-8 liters of cutting fluid per cylinder block, while a production line producing 100,000 engines annually can consume hundreds of tons of cutting fluid per year. The extensive use of cutting fluid has brought about several problems: First, it results in significant resource waste. Cutting fluid has a high procurement cost, and long-term, large-scale use significantly increases production costs. Second, it creates significant environmental pressure. After use, cutting fluid mixes with metal shavings, oil, and other impurities, forming industrial waste. Direct discharge of this waste can severely pollute soil and water bodies, while professional waste treatment requires substantial investment in equipment and operating costs. Many small and medium-sized enterprises face the risk of illegal discharge due to cost pressures. Third, cutting fluid easily remains in the borehole channels. If not thoroughly cleaned, it can affect the processing quality of subsequent processes. Furthermore, metal shavings generated during cutting are difficult to remove quickly, and some shavings adhere to the borehole walls. During tool rotation or workpiece transfer, these shavings can easily scratch the borehole walls, increasing surface roughness and affecting sealing performance and assembly accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks, which aims to solve the technical problems of serious waste of cutting fluid in existing traditional engine cylinder block drilling equipment, resulting in high environmental pressure and affecting processing quality.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a frame, a workpiece positioning and clamping module, an integrated machining spindle module, a micro-mist cooling module, a negative pressure chip removal module, a cutting fluid recovery and purification module, and a central control system; the workpiece positioning and clamping module, the integrated machining spindle module, the micro-mist cooling module, the negative pressure chip removal module, and the cutting fluid recovery and purification module are all mounted on the frame and are all electrically connected to the central control system; The integrated machining spindle module includes a spindle body, a coaxial switchable tool set, and an electric switching mechanism. The output end of the spindle body is provided with a quick-change interface. The coaxial switchable tool set includes a drilling tool, a chamfering tool, and a tapping tool. The three types of tools are arranged coaxially along the axis of the spindle body and are detachably connected to the quick-change interface through the electric switching mechanism. The electric switching mechanism is used to drive the three types of tools to switch to the machining station in sequence. The micro-mist cooling module includes a cutting fluid storage tank, a high-pressure air pump, an atomizer, and a precision spraying assembly. The atomizer is connected to both the cutting fluid storage tank and the high-pressure air pump. The nozzle of the precision spraying assembly faces the cutting edge of the tool at the machining station and is connected to the atomizer via a delivery pipe. The negative pressure chip removal module includes a negative pressure fan, a negative pressure chip suction channel, and a chip collection box. The negative pressure chip suction channel is located next to the machining channel of the integrated machining spindle module. One end of the channel is close to the cutting area of ​​the tool, and the other end is connected to the chip collection box through the negative pressure fan. The tool holder is provided with a spiral chip removal groove, which is adapted to the negative pressure chip suction channel. The cutting fluid recovery and purification module includes a condensation recovery channel, a primary filter component, a precision filter component, and a return pipe. The condensation recovery channel surrounds the outside of the machining area, and its output end is connected to the input end of the primary filter component. The output end of the primary filter component is connected to the input end of the precision filter component. The output end of the precision filter component is connected to the cutting fluid storage tank through the return pipe.

[0005] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the electric switching mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission gear set, a tool mounting base, and a switching guide rail. The switching guide rail is annular and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the main spindle body. There are three tool mounting bases, which respectively fix and install drilling tools, chamfering tools, and tapping tools. All three tool mounting bases are slidably mounted on the switching guide rail. The drive motor is connected to the tool mounting base through the transmission gear set, which includes a driving gear and three driven gears. The driving gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the three driven gears mesh with the three tool mounting bases one-to-one. The drive motor drives the driving gear to rotate, thereby driving the driven gears to push the tool mounting base to slide along the switching guide rail.

[0006] As an optional solution of the present invention, the quick-change interface includes an interface body, elastic jaws, and an unlocking cylinder. The interface body is fixedly connected to the output end of the spindle body and has an internal mounting cavity adapted to the tool mounting seat. The elastic jaws are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The unlocking cylinder is fixed to the outside of the interface body, and its piston rod is connected to the elastic jaws to drive the elastic jaws to open and close in order to lock and unlock the tool mounting seat.

[0007] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the precision spraying assembly includes a spray pipe, an angle adjustment seat, and a flow control valve. The number of spray pipes is consistent with the number of cutting tools and corresponds one-to-one. One end of the spray pipe is connected to the delivery pipe of the atomizer, and the other end is provided with a flat nozzle. The angle adjustment seat is hinged to the spray pipe and is used to adjust the angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the cutting tool. The angle range is 15°-45°. The flow control valve is connected in series with the spray pipe and is used to control the spray flow rate of the atomized cutting fluid.

[0008] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the input end of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with a horn-shaped suction port, the edge of the suction port is provided with a wear-resistant rubber ring, and the distance between the suction port and the cutting area of ​​the tool does not exceed 5mm; the inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with anti-clogging spiral blades, which are connected to the output shaft of the negative pressure fan and can rotate synchronously when the negative pressure fan is working.

[0009] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the primary filtration assembly includes a filter housing, a coarse filter screen, and a drawer-type slag collection box. The coarse filter screen is inclinedly disposed inside the filter housing, and its pore size is 0.5-1mm. The drawer-type slag collection box is disposed below the coarse filter screen and is pulled out and connected to the filter housing. The precision filtration assembly includes a precision filter element and a pressure sensor. The precision filter element has a pore size of 50-100μm. The pressure sensor is mounted on the input end of the precision filtration assembly and is used to monitor the pressure difference before and after filtration.

[0010] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the cutting fluid recovery and purification module further includes an oil-water separation component, which is disposed between the primary filtration component and the precision filtration component. The oil-water separation component adopts a coalescing separation membrane for separating oil and impurities in the cutting fluid.

[0011] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece positioning and clamping module includes a positioning platform, a reference positioning pin, a hydraulic clamp, and a pressure sensor. At least two reference positioning pins are provided and fixed to the upper surface of the positioning platform, which are adapted to the positioning holes of the engine cylinder block. Four hydraulic clamps are provided and arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform for double clamping from the side and top surfaces of the cylinder block. The pressure sensor is mounted on the clamping end of the hydraulic clamp for monitoring the clamping pressure.

[0012] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the central control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen display, and a position detection unit. The position detection unit includes a displacement sensor and a tool identification sensor. The displacement sensor is mounted on the spindle body and is used to monitor the feed displacement of the spindle. The tool identification sensor is mounted on the switching guide rail and is used to identify the type of tool currently in the machining station. The PLC controller is electrically connected to components such as the drive motor, high-pressure air pump, negative pressure fan, unlocking cylinder, and pressure sensor. The touch screen display is used for parameter setting and working status display.

[0013] As an optional solution of the present invention, a heat dissipation module is also included. The heat dissipation module includes a cooling fan and a heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel is opened inside the frame and arranged around the spindle body and the drive motor. The cooling fan is mounted at the input end of the heat dissipation channel and is used to provide forced air cooling for the spindle body and the drive motor.

[0014] The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in this embodiment of the invention has at least one of the following technical effects: The drilling equipment for engine blocks provided in this application features a micro-mist cooling module that significantly reduces the amount of cutting fluid used, thereby greatly lowering the procurement cost of cutting fluid. At the same time, the cutting fluid recovery and purification module enables the recycling and reuse of cutting fluid, further reducing cutting fluid consumption, lowering waste fluid discharge, and saving approximately [amount missing] waste fluid treatment costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A perspective view of a drilling device for an engine block provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 A perspective view of the integrated machining spindle module of the drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 A perspective view of the micro-mist cooling module and the negative pressure chip removal module of the drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 A perspective view of the cutting fluid recovery and purification module of the drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 1. Rack; 2. Workpiece positioning and clamping module; 21. Positioning platform; 22. Reference positioning pin; 23. Hydraulic clamp; 3. Integrated machining spindle module; 31. Spindle body; 32. Coaxial switchable tool set; 33. Electric switching mechanism; 34. Quick-change interface; 321. Drilling tool; 322. Chamfering tool; 323. Tapping tool; 331. Drive motor; 332. Transmission gear set; 333. Tool mounting base; 334. Switching guide rail; 4. Micro-mist cooling module; 41. Cutting fluid storage tank; 42. High-pressure air pump; 43. Atomizer; 44. Precision spray assembly; 5. Negative pressure chip removal module; 51. Negative pressure fan; 52. Negative pressure chip suction channel; 53. Chip collection box; 6. Cutting fluid recovery and purification module; 61. Condensate recovery channel; 62. Primary filter assembly; 63. Oil-water separator assembly; 64. Precision filter assembly; 65. Return fluid pipeline; 7. Central control system; 8. Heat dissipation module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, a drilling device for engine cylinder blocks is provided, including a frame 1. The frame 1 serves as the mounting base for the entire device and is integrally cast from high-strength cast iron. Its bottom is equipped with shock-absorbing pads to reduce vibration during operation and prevent vibration from affecting machining accuracy. A mounting platform is located in the middle of the frame 1 for assembling a workpiece positioning and clamping module 2. A crossbeam is located on the upper part, and a sliding rail for an integrated machining spindle module 3 is mounted on the crossbeam, allowing the integrated machining spindle module 3 to move along the X, Y, and Z axes to adapt to the machining requirements of different cylinder block models.

[0026] The workpiece positioning and clamping module 2 is used to achieve precise positioning and stable clamping of the cylinder block. It includes a positioning platform 21, reference positioning pins 22, hydraulic clamps 23, and pressure sensors. The upper surface of the positioning platform 21 is precision ground to ensure the flatness of the cylinder block after placement. Two reference positioning pins 22, made of hardened alloy steel, are precisely matched with the positioning holes at the bottom of the engine cylinder block to achieve initial positioning. Four hydraulic clamps 23 are arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform 21. Each hydraulic clamp 23 includes a transverse clamping arm and a longitudinal clamping arm, which can apply clamping force simultaneously from the side and top of the cylinder block to ensure that the cylinder block does not shift during processing. Pressure sensors are mounted on the clamping ends of the hydraulic clamps 23 to monitor the clamping pressure in real time and transmit the pressure signal to the central control system 7. When the pressure is insufficient, the system will issue an alarm signal and control the equipment to stop, preventing processing deviations due to insecure clamping.

[0027] The integrated machining spindle module 3 is the core component for realizing multi-process integrated machining. It includes a spindle body 31, a coaxial switchable tool set 32, and an electric switching mechanism 33. The spindle body 31 is treated with high-frequency quenching, and its rated speed range is 200-8000 r / min. The speed can be adjusted by the central control system 7 according to the needs of different machining processes. The output end of the spindle body 31 is equipped with a quick-change interface 34 for quick connection with the tool set. The coaxial switchable tool set 32 ​​includes a drilling tool 321, a chamfering tool 322, and a tapping tool 323. All three tools are made of cemented carbide and coated with a TiAlN coating to improve wear resistance and cutting performance. The three tools are arranged coaxially along the axis of the spindle body 31, and the tool specifications can be changed according to the size of the cylinder block bore. The drilling tool 321 features a 30° helix angle on its cutting edge for easy chip removal during initial drilling. The chamfering tool 322 has a 45° inclined cutting edge to meet the chamfering requirements of the cylinder block borehole. The tapping tool 323's thread profile matches the thread specifications of the cylinder block borehole, ensuring tapping quality. An electric switching mechanism 33 drives the three tools to sequentially switch to the machining station. This mechanism includes a drive motor 331, a transmission gear set 332, a tool mounting base 333, and a switching guide rail 334. The switching guide rail 334 is annular and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the spindle body 31, made of wear-resistant alloy steel with a nitrided surface. The three tool mounting bases 333 respectively fix the three tools and are all slidably connected to the switching guide rail 334 via sliders. The drive motor 331 is a servo motor, which is connected to the tool mount 333 via a transmission gear set 332. The driving gear in the transmission gear set 332 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor 331, and the three driven gears mesh with the bottom of the three tool mounts 333 respectively. When a tool needs to be switched, the central control system 7 sends a command to the drive motor 331, which drives the driving gear to rotate, and then pushes the corresponding tool mount 333 to slide along the switching guide rail 334 through the driven gears, so that the target tool moves to a position aligned with the spindle quick-change interface 34. Then the quick-change interface 34 locks the tool mount 333, completing the tool switching. The entire switching process takes no more than 3 seconds. The quick-change interface 34 includes an interface body, elastic jaws, and an unlocking cylinder. The mounting cavity inside the interface body is adapted to the connection end of the tool mount 333. The elastic jaws are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the mounting cavity and are in a retracted state in their natural state, which can lock the tool mount 333. The cylinder drives the piston rod to extend and retract, pushing the elastic jaws to open, so as to remove and install the tool mount 333, ensuring the speed and stability of tool switching.

[0028] The micro-mist cooling module 4 is used to achieve precise cooling and lubrication of the cutting area. It abandons the traditional spray-type supply method and adopts micro-mist cooling technology, including a cutting fluid storage tank 41, a high-pressure air pump 42, an atomizer 43, and a precision spray assembly 44. The cutting fluid storage tank 41 is made of stainless steel and has an internal liquid level sensor to monitor the remaining amount of cutting fluid. When the liquid level is lower than the set value, the system issues a replenishment reminder. The output pressure of the high-pressure air pump 42 is adjustable, ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 MPa, providing power for atomization. The atomizer 43 has an internal ultrasonic vibrator. After the cutting fluid enters the atomizer 43, it is atomized into tiny droplets with a particle size of 5-10 μm under the combined action of ultrasonic vibration and high-pressure gas. This droplet size ensures both effective cooling and lubrication while avoiding excessive residue. The precision spray assembly 44 includes spray pipes corresponding to each cutting tool. One end of each spray pipe is connected to the delivery pipe of the atomizer 43, and the other end is equipped with a flat nozzle. The width of the nozzle is adapted to the length of the cutting edge of the tool, ensuring that the atomized cutting fluid can fully cover the cutting edge. The spray pipe is hinged to an angle adjustment seat. By adjusting the angle adjustment seat, the angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the tool can be adjusted between 15° and 45° to achieve the best cooling and lubrication effect. A flow control valve connected in series on the spray pipe can adjust the spray flow rate of the atomized cutting fluid according to the cutting requirements of different tools, further reducing cutting fluid waste. Tests have shown that this micro-mist cooling solution can reduce cutting fluid consumption by more than 80% compared to traditional spray systems.

[0029] The negative pressure chip removal module 5 is used to remove metal chips generated during the cutting process in real time, preventing chip residue from scratching the hole wall. It includes a negative pressure fan 51, a negative pressure chip suction channel 52, and a chip collection box 53. The negative pressure chip suction channel 52 is located beside the machining channel of the integrated machining spindle module 3. Its input end has a horn-shaped suction port with a wear-resistant rubber ring on the edge to prevent collision with the tool. The distance between the suction port and the tool cutting area is controlled within 5mm to ensure efficient chip removal. The inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel 52 has anti-clogging spiral blades, which are connected to the output shaft of the negative pressure fan 51. When the negative pressure fan 51 is working, the anti-clogging spiral blades rotate synchronously to prevent chip accumulation and blockage within the channel. The cutting tool has a spiral chip-removing groove on its shank. During cutting, as the tool rotates, the spiral chip-removing groove pushes some chips outward. When these chips reach the vicinity of the suction inlet, they are rapidly sucked into the negative pressure chip suction channel 52 under the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan 51, and finally transported to the chip collection box 53. A filter screen is installed at the connection between the chip collection box 53 and the negative pressure chip suction channel 52 to preliminarily filter the chips. The collection box adopts a pull-out design for easy periodic cleaning.

[0030] The cutting fluid recovery and purification module 6 is used to recover the atomized and condensed cutting fluid for recycling. It includes a condensation recovery channel 61, a primary filter assembly 62, an oil-water separator assembly 63, a precision filter assembly 64, and a return pipe 65. The condensation recovery channel 61 surrounds the machining area and is made of insulating material to accelerate the condensation of the atomized cutting fluid. The condensed cutting fluid flows into the primary filter assembly 62. The coarse filter screen in the primary filter assembly 62 is inclined, with a pore size of 0.5-1mm, which filters out large metal debris mixed in the cutting fluid. These debris slides down the inclined coarse filter screen into a drawer-type slag collection box, which can be easily removed for cleaning. The cutting fluid after primary filtration enters the oil-water separator assembly 63. This assembly uses a coalescing separation membrane to effectively separate oil and impurities from the cutting fluid, preventing oil from affecting the cooling and lubrication performance of the cutting fluid. The oil-water separated cutting fluid flows into the precision filter assembly 64. The precision filter element has a pore size of 50-100μm, which filters out fine impurity particles. The precision filter assembly 64 is equipped with a pressure sensor at its input. When the filter element becomes clogged, causing the pressure difference to exceed the set value, the system will issue a warning signal to remind the operator to replace the filter element. The purified cutting fluid flows back to the cutting fluid storage tank 41 through the return pipe 65, achieving recycling and further reducing cutting fluid consumption.

[0031] The central control system 7, serving as the core of the equipment's control, includes a PLC controller, a touchscreen display, and a position detection unit. The PLC controller employs a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC) and pre-stores machining parameters for different cylinder models, enabling automated control of the machining process. The touchscreen display uses an industrial-grade LCD screen, allowing operators to set machining parameters such as spindle speed, tool switching sequence, coolant injection flow rate, and negative pressure fan power. Simultaneously, operators can view the equipment's real-time operating status, including tool type, machining progress, coolant level, and pressure. The position detection unit includes a displacement sensor and a tool identification sensor. The displacement sensor, mounted on the spindle body 31, monitors the spindle's feed displacement in real-time, ensuring accurate machining depth. The tool identification sensor, mounted on the switching guide rail 334, identifies the tool type currently at the machining station and feeds the signal back to the PLC controller, preventing incorrect tool switching. Furthermore, the central control system 7 also features a fault alarm module. When faults such as tool jamming, insufficient clamping pressure, or low coolant level occur, it alerts operators with audible and visual alarms and automatically records the fault information for easy maintenance.

[0032] To ensure stable operation of the equipment over a long period, a heat dissipation module 8 is also provided, including a cooling fan and a heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel is located inside the frame 1, surrounding the spindle body 31 and the drive motor 331 to form a heat dissipation airflow. The cooling fan is mounted at the input end of the heat dissipation channel and is an axial flow fan. It draws in cool outside air into the heat dissipation channel, carries away heat as it flows through the spindle body 31 and the drive motor 331, and finally exhausts it from the output end of the heat dissipation channel, achieving forced air cooling of the core components and preventing equipment failure due to overheating of components.

[0033] The integrated working process of the drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks provided in this application is as follows: Drilling Process: The central control system 7 issues a drilling command, the spindle body 31 starts, and the speed increases to 2000 r / min. At the same time, the high-pressure air pump 42 and atomizer 43 start, and the precision spraying component 44 sprays atomized cutting fluid onto the cutting edge of the drilling tool 321. The spindle feeds downward along the Z-axis at a feed speed of 100 mm / min, and the drilling tool 321 begins drilling the cylinder block. Metal chips generated during the cutting process are partially discharged by the spiral chip removal groove of the drilling tool 321, and the remaining portion is sucked into the chip collection box 53 through the negative pressure suction channel 52 under the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan 51. The atomized cutting fluid condenses in the machining area and flows into the condensation recovery channel 61.

[0034] Tool switching: After drilling is completed, the spindle retracts upwards to a safe position along the Z-axis, and the central control system 7 issues a tool switching command. The drive motor 331 of the electric switching mechanism 33 starts, driving the tool mounting seat 333 to slide along the switching guide rail 334 via the transmission gear set 332. The mounting seat of the drilling tool 321 separates from the quick-change interface 34, and the mounting seat of the chamfering tool 322 moves to a position aligned with the quick-change interface 34. The unlocking cylinder drives the elastic chuck to open, and after the tool mounting seat 333 is in place, the elastic chuck retracts and locks, completing the switching of the chamfering tool 322. The entire switching process takes 2.5 seconds.

[0035] Chamfering process: After the chamfering tool 322 is switched, the spindle speed is adjusted to 1500 r / min and the feed rate is adjusted to 80 mm / min. The spindle feeds downward along the Z-axis, and the chamfering tool 322 performs a 45° chamfer on the end of the hole. The micro-mist cooling module 4 continuously sprays atomized cutting fluid, and the negative pressure chip removal module 5 simultaneously removes the chips generated during chamfering. After chamfering is completed, the spindle returns to a safe position, and the tool switching process is repeated to switch the tapping tool 323 to the machining station.

[0036] Tapping process: After the tapping tool 323 is switched, the spindle speed is adjusted to 500 r / min, the feed rate is adjusted to 2 mm / r, and the spindle feeds downward along the Z-axis. The tapping tool 323 performs tapping on the inside of the hole. Due to the high lubrication requirements during tapping, the central control system 7 controls the flow control valve to appropriately increase the cutting fluid flow to 0.3 L / min to ensure thread quality. The chips generated during tapping are quickly discharged through the negative pressure chip suction channel 52 to prevent them from remaining in the thread groove.

[0037] Repeated process: After one hole is machined, the integrated machining spindle module 3 moves along the X and Y axes to the machining position of the next hole, repeating the drilling-chamfering-tapping process until all holes are machined.

[0038] The drilling equipment for engine blocks provided in this application includes the following process for cutting fluid recovery and debris removal: During processing, the cutting fluid collected in the condensation recovery channel 61 flows into the primary filter assembly 62. A coarse filter removes large particles of debris, which then slide into a drawer-type slag collection box. The cutting fluid after primary filtration enters the oil-water separator 63, where a coalescing membrane separates away oil and impurities. The cutting fluid then flows into the precision filter assembly 64, where a filter element removes fine particles. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure difference before and after filtration in real time. When the pressure difference exceeds 0.3 MPa, the system prompts for filter element replacement. The purified cutting fluid flows back to the cutting fluid storage tank 41 through the return pipe 65, achieving recycling. After processing is complete, the operator shuts down the equipment, removes the slag collection box 53 and the slag collection box of the primary filter assembly 62, cleans the internal metal debris, and completes the routine maintenance of the equipment.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling device for an engine cylinder block, characterized in that, It includes a frame, a workpiece positioning and clamping module, an integrated machining spindle module, a micro-mist cooling module, a negative pressure chip removal module, a cutting fluid recovery and purification module, and a central control system; the workpiece positioning and clamping module, the integrated machining spindle module, the micro-mist cooling module, the negative pressure chip removal module, and the cutting fluid recovery and purification module are all mounted on the frame and are all electrically connected to the central control system; The integrated machining spindle module includes a spindle body, a coaxial switchable tool set, and an electric switching mechanism. The output end of the spindle body is provided with a quick-change interface. The coaxial switchable tool set includes a drilling tool, a chamfering tool, and a tapping tool. The three types of tools are arranged coaxially along the axis of the spindle body and are detachably connected to the quick-change interface through the electric switching mechanism. The electric switching mechanism is used to drive the three types of tools to switch to the machining station in sequence. The micro-mist cooling module includes a cutting fluid storage tank, a high-pressure air pump, an atomizer, and a precision spraying assembly. The atomizer is connected to both the cutting fluid storage tank and the high-pressure air pump. The nozzle of the precision spraying assembly faces the cutting edge of the tool at the machining station and is connected to the atomizer via a delivery pipe. The negative pressure chip removal module includes a negative pressure fan, a negative pressure chip suction channel, and a chip collection box. The negative pressure chip suction channel is located next to the machining channel of the integrated machining spindle module. One end of the channel is close to the cutting area of ​​the tool, and the other end is connected to the chip collection box through the negative pressure fan. The tool holder is provided with a spiral chip removal groove, which is adapted to the negative pressure chip suction channel. The cutting fluid recovery and purification module includes a condensation recovery channel, a primary filter component, a precision filter component, and a return pipe. The condensation recovery channel surrounds the outside of the machining area, and its output end is connected to the input end of the primary filter component. The output end of the primary filter component is connected to the input end of the precision filter component. The output end of the precision filter component is connected to the cutting fluid storage tank through the return pipe.

2. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric switching mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission gear set, a tool mounting base, and a switching guide rail. The switching guide rail is annular and coaxially sleeved on the outside of the spindle body. There are three tool mounting bases, which respectively fix and mount drilling tools, chamfering tools, and tapping tools. All three tool mounting bases are slidably mounted on the switching guide rail. The drive motor is connected to the tool mounting base through the transmission gear set, which includes a driving gear and three driven gears. The driving gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the three driven gears mesh with the three tool mounting bases one-to-one. The drive motor drives the driving gear to rotate, which in turn drives the driven gears to push the tool mounting base to slide along the switching guide rail.

3. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quick-change interface includes an interface body, elastic jaws, and an unlocking cylinder. The interface body is fixedly connected to the output end of the spindle body and has an internal mounting cavity adapted to the tool mounting seat. The elastic jaws are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the mounting cavity. The unlocking cylinder is fixed to the outside of the interface body, and its piston rod is connected to the elastic jaws to drive the elastic jaws to open and close, thereby locking and unlocking the tool mounting seat.

4. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precision spraying assembly includes a spray pipe, an angle adjustment seat, and a flow control valve. The number of spray pipes corresponds to the number of cutting tools. One end of the spray pipe is connected to the delivery pipe of the atomizer, and the other end is provided with a flat nozzle. The angle adjustment seat is hinged to the spray pipe and is used to adjust the angle between the nozzle and the cutting edge of the cutting tool. The angle range is 15°-45°. The flow control valve is connected in series with the spray pipe and is used to control the spray flow rate of the atomized cutting fluid.

5. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input end of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with a horn-shaped suction port, and the edge of the suction port is provided with a wear-resistant rubber ring. The distance between the suction port and the cutting area of ​​the tool does not exceed 5mm. The inside of the negative pressure chip suction channel is provided with anti-clogging spiral blades, which are connected to the output shaft of the negative pressure fan and can rotate synchronously when the negative pressure fan is working.

6. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary filtration assembly includes a filter housing, a coarse filter screen, and a drawer-type slag collection box. The coarse filter screen is inclinedly arranged inside the filter housing, and its pore size is 0.5-1mm. The drawer-type slag collection box is located below the coarse filter screen and is pulled out and connected to the filter housing. The precision filtration assembly includes a precision filter element and a pressure sensor. The precision filter element has a pore size of 50-100μm. The pressure sensor is mounted on the input end of the precision filtration assembly and is used to monitor the pressure difference before and after filtration.

7. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cutting fluid recovery and purification module also includes an oil-water separation component, which is located between the primary filtration component and the precision filtration component. The oil-water separation component uses a coalescing separation membrane to separate oil and impurities in the cutting fluid.

8. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece positioning and clamping module includes a positioning platform, reference positioning pins, hydraulic clamps, and a pressure sensor. At least two reference positioning pins are provided and fixed to the upper surface of the positioning platform, which are adapted to the positioning holes of the engine cylinder block. Four hydraulic clamps are provided and arranged at the four corners of the positioning platform for double clamping from the side and top of the cylinder block. The pressure sensor is mounted on the clamping end of the hydraulic clamp and is used to monitor the clamping pressure.

9. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen display, and a position detection unit. The position detection unit includes a displacement sensor and a tool identification sensor. The displacement sensor is mounted on the spindle body and is used to monitor the feed displacement of the spindle. The tool identification sensor is mounted on the switching guide rail and is used to identify the type of tool currently in the machining station. The PLC controller is electrically connected to components such as the drive motor, high-pressure air pump, negative pressure fan, unlocking cylinder, and pressure sensor. The touch screen display is used for parameter setting and working status display.

10. The drilling equipment for engine cylinder blocks according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It also includes a heat dissipation module, which includes a cooling fan and a heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation channel is located inside the frame and is arranged around the spindle body and drive motor. The cooling fan is mounted at the input end of the heat dissipation channel and is used to provide forced air cooling for the spindle body and drive motor.

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