Modular guard for a multi-axis machine tool

Abstract

This invention discloses a modular protective device for multi-axis machine tools, relating to the field of machine tool protection technology. It aims to solve the technical problem of limited functionality in modular protective devices for multi-axis machine tools. The device includes a flange, a circular base, a protective module, and a drive mechanism. When connecting block A moves to the outer position, the inner flow channel connects with the radial water tank, and liquid is ejected through several inner flow channels, forming a circumferential jet surrounding the milling cutter for cooling hard workpieces. When connecting block A moves to the inner position, the driven block is in close contact with the milling cutter surface and can be driven to rotate at high speed by the milling cutter. Several driven blocks are connected to form an atomizing disc structure, and liquid enters the atomizing disc structure through the outer flow channel and is atomized and ejected for processing workpieces made of toxic materials. This achieves modular switching between cooling protection and atomization protection functions, simultaneously meeting the dual requirements of efficient cooling and harmful dust protection, thus solving the technical problem of limited functionality in modular protective devices for multi-axis machine tools.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool protection technology, and more specifically, to a modular protection device for multi-axis machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] Multi-axis machine tools, as core equipment for modern precision machining, are widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, mold manufacturing, medical devices, and automotive parts. In actual machining, the spindle of a multi-axis machine tool drives the milling cutter to rotate at high speed to perform cutting machining on the workpiece.

[0003] However, workpieces made of different materials have significantly different requirements for processing environment and protection. On the one hand, large multi-axis machine tools generate a large amount of heat in the cutting area when machining difficult-to-machine materials such as cemented carbide and hardened steel. If cooling is not timely, it can easily lead to problems such as accelerated tool wear, workpiece surface burns, and decreased dimensional accuracy. Traditional cooling methods mostly use external spray pipes or cutting fluid nozzles, which have low liquid utilization and fixed spray direction, making it difficult to accurately target the cutting area. On the other hand, when machining workpieces made of toxic materials, a large amount of inhalable harmful dust is generated during the cutting process. These dust particles are tiny and suspended in the air. If not effectively protected, they will seriously threaten the respiratory health of operators and easily adhere to the precision parts of the machine tool, affecting the accuracy and lifespan of the equipment. Existing protective devices mostly use fixed protective covers or dust collection pipes, which are bulky, have poor adaptability, cannot adjust the protection range in real time according to changes in the cutting position, and are difficult to integrate and switch between cooling and protection functions. The protection function is singular and cannot meet the dual requirements of efficient cooling and harmful dust protection. In view of this, we propose a modular protective device for multi-axis machine tools. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular protective device for multi-axis machine tools, so as to solve the technical problem of the single function of modular protective devices for multi-axis machine tools.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool, comprising a flange, a circular seat fixedly provided at the bottom end of the flange, an annular water cavity formed within the circular seat, and a plurality of radial water grooves communicating with the water cavity formed at equal intervals in an annular structure at the bottom end of the circular seat, and a protective module provided at the bottom end of the circular seat; the protective module includes a plurality of connecting blocks A, which are slidably disposed at the bottom end of the circular seat relative to the radial water grooves, and the connecting blocks A are provided with an inner flow channel and an outer flow channel, both of which communicate and cooperate with the radial water grooves. The bottom end of the connecting block A is rotatably fitted with a driven block; the circular seat is provided with a driving mechanism for driving several connecting blocks A to move synchronously radially; when the connecting block A moves to the outer position, the inner flow channel is connected to the radial water tank, and the liquid is sprayed out through several inner flow channels to form a jet that surrounds the milling cutter in a circumferential direction for cooling the machining of hard workpieces; when the connecting block A moves to the inner position, several connecting blocks A are connected to form a disc-shaped base, the driven block is in close contact with the surface of the milling cutter and can be driven to rotate at high speed by the milling cutter, and several driven blocks are connected to form an atomizing disc structure, and the liquid enters the atomizing disc structure through the outer flow channel and is atomized and sprayed out for machining workpieces made of toxic materials. This invention utilizes a dual-channel structure with an inner and outer flow channel, along with a drive mechanism to control the radial movement of connecting block A. When connecting block A moves to the outer position, it forms a highly efficient cooling structure for machining hard workpieces. When connecting block A moves to the inner position, it forms a misting protection structure for machining workpieces made of toxic materials. This achieves modular switching between cooling protection and misting protection functions, taking into account both the needs of efficient cooling and harmful dust protection. It is highly adaptable and solves the technical problem of the single function of modular protection devices for multi-axis machine tools.

[0006] Preferably, the circular seat has a through hole at its center, a water inlet hole communicating with the water cavity is formed at one end of the surface of the circular seat, a connector is threaded onto the water inlet hole, a plurality of radial grooves are formed at the bottom end of the circular seat, the plurality of radial grooves are respectively connected to a plurality of radial water channels, an installation groove is formed at the other end of the surface of the circular seat, a circular groove is formed below the installation groove, and a rotating groove communicating with the circular groove is also formed on the surface of the circular seat.

[0007] Preferably, the inner flow channel is arranged in an inclined structure, the inner flow channel includes a wide hole, a narrow hole is arranged at the bottom end of the wide hole, the wide hole and the narrow hole are connected through a gradient hole, and the outer flow channel has an arc-shaped structure.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting block A is composed of a radial slider and a sector block A. The radial slider is slidably disposed on the radial groove, and the sector block A is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the radial slider. The top end of the radial slider is provided with a groove, and a sealing gasket is embedded in the groove. The sealing gasket is provided with two flow holes, which are respectively connected to the inner flow channel and the outer flow channel. The bottom end of the sector block A is provided with three arc grooves A in an inner and outer structure.

[0009] Preferably, the driven block includes a sector-shaped block B and three arc plates arranged in an inner and outer structure. A friction block is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the sector-shaped block B by several bolts. A through cavity is opened on the driven block relative to the inner flow channel. An atomizing cavity communicating and cooperating with the outer flow channel is opened on the outer side of the driven block. Several trapezoidal atomizing plates are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity. Several atomizing outlets are uniformly opened on the outer side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity. The three arc plates are respectively movably mounted on the three arc grooves A. The top of the arc plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sector-shaped block B.

[0010] Preferably, the eccentric end of the arc groove A is provided with an arc groove B, and the arc plate and the arc groove B are engaged by a plurality of evenly arranged spherical blocks in a rolling cooperation.

[0011] Preferably, the protection module further includes a limiting component, which includes a ring block and several limiting shafts. The ring block is positioned below the circular seat relative to the driven block. The top end of the ring block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the flange by evenly arranged vertical shafts. Several limiting grooves are formed on the inner surface of the ring block. Several limiting shafts are respectively fixed on the outer surface of several driven blocks, and the several limiting shafts are movably engaged with several limiting grooves.

[0012] Preferably, the outer end of the limiting shaft has a spherical structure, the limiting groove includes a guide groove, and a limiting hole is formed in the guide groove.

[0013] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a motor, a drive gear, a gear ring, and a sleeve; the motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting groove, the drive gear is rotatably mounted on the circular groove, the top end of the gear shaft of the drive gear passes through the mounting groove and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, the gear ring is rotatably mounted on the rotating groove and meshes with the drive gear, the sleeve is rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the circular seat and is fixedly connected to the gear ring, the sleeve has a movable notch relative to the joint position, and the sleeve is connected to several of the connecting blocks A through a connecting rod unit.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting rod unit includes two rotating seats, which are respectively fixed on the inner surface of the sleeve and on the sector block A, and the two rotating seats are rotatably connected by a connecting rod.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention utilizes a dual-channel structure with an inner and outer flow channel, combined with a drive mechanism to control the radial movement of connecting block A. When connecting block A moves to the outer position, it forms a high-efficiency cooling structure for machining hard workpieces. When connecting block A moves to the inner position, it forms a misting protection structure for machining workpieces made of toxic materials. This achieves modular switching between cooling protection and misting protection functions, taking into account both the high efficiency of cooling and the protection against harmful dust. It is highly adaptable and solves the technical problem of the single function of modular protection devices for multi-axis machine tools.

[0016] 2. This invention also utilizes the structural design of the inner and outer flow channels. When the connecting block A moves to the outer position, only the inner flow channel is connected to the radial water tank. After passing through the wide holes, gradual holes, and narrow holes of the inner flow channel, the liquid is ejected from the through cavity, forming a jet that surrounds the milling cutter in a circumferential direction, achieving efficient cooling for machining hard workpieces. In the atomization working state, due to the arc-shaped structure of the outer flow channel, the water flow impacts the inclined surface of the atomizing plate in a tangential direction. The atomizing plate has a trapezoidal structure that gradually increases in height from the inside to the outside, and its inclined surface is approximately perpendicular to the direction of the water flow. The high-speed rotating atomizing plate generates strong shearing and centrifugal crushing effects on the water flow, tearing the liquid into droplets. Under the action of centrifugal force, the droplets are evenly ejected through the atomization outlet, forming a protective fog around the milling cutter that covers the entire cutting area, effectively adsorbing inhalable harmful dust generated during the machining of toxic workpieces and preventing it from spreading to the operating environment.

[0017] 3. The present invention also designs the structure of the limiting component so that when the connecting block A moves to the inner position, i.e. in the atomization working mode, the limiting shaft is completely disengaged from the limiting groove. When the connecting block A moves from the outer position to the middle position, the inner flow channel is always connected to the radial water tank. That is, in the cooling working mode, the limiting shaft is in the limiting groove, so that the limiting shaft limits the driven block and prevents the driven block from rotating on its own. The through cavity arm blocks the cooling water flow. Furthermore, through the design of the limiting groove, when switching from the atomization working mode to the cooling working mode, the limiting shaft cooperates with the guide groove, so that the limiting shaft moves to the appropriate position and the driven block adaptively rotates to the appropriate position, realizing the automatic correction of the driven block.

[0018] 4. Through precise control of the drive mechanism, this invention not only achieves synchronous control of several connecting blocks A, but also adjusts the radial position of several connecting blocks A in real time according to the change in the milling depth of the milling cutter during the machining of hard workpieces. This ensures that the outlet of the inner flow channel is always aligned with the current cutting area, thereby ensuring that the cooling jet always surrounds the milling cutter and acts precisely on the cutting positioning point of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece. This achieves precise cooling that adapts to the machining depth, ensuring cooling effect and machining quality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention in use; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the drive mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the connecting block, driven block, and driving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting block and the driven block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the connecting block and the driven block of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the connecting block and the driven block of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the protective module of the present invention in the atomization working state.

[0020] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Flange; 2. Round seat; 3. Connecting block A; 4. Driven block; 5. Drive mechanism; 21. Water cavity; 22. Water inlet; 23. Connector; 24. Radial water groove; 25. Radial sliding groove; 26. Mounting groove; 27. Circular groove; 28. Rotary groove; 31. Inner flow channel; 32. Outer flow channel; 33. Radial slider; 34. Sector A; 35. Groove; 36. Sealing gasket; 37. Arc groove A; 38. Arc groove B; 41. Sector-shaped block B; 42. Friction block; 43. Through cavity; 44. Atomizing cavity; 45. Atomizing plate; 46. Atomizing outlet; 47. Arc plate; 48. Ball block; 49. Limiting component; 491. Ring block; 492. Vertical shaft; 493. Limiting groove; 494. Limiting shaft; 51. Motor; 52. Drive gear; 53. Gear ring; 54. Sleeve; 55. Movable notch; 56. Rotary seat; 57. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention relates to a modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool, comprising a flange 1, a circular base 2, a protective module, and a drive mechanism 5.

[0022] Flange 1 is fixed on the spindle nose flange of the multi-axis machine tool.

[0023] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a circular seat 2 is fixed to the bottom of the flange 1. A through hole is provided at the center of the circular seat 2. An annular water cavity 21 is provided inside the circular seat 2. A water inlet hole 22 communicating with the water cavity 21 is provided at one end of the surface of the circular seat 2. A connector 23 is threaded onto the water inlet hole 22. Several radial water grooves 24 are provided at equal intervals in an annular structure at the bottom of the circular seat 2. The radial water grooves 24 are connected to the water cavity 21. Several radial sliding grooves 25 are provided at the bottom of the circular seat 2. The radial sliding grooves 25 are respectively connected to the radial water grooves 24. An installation groove 26 is provided at the other end of the surface of the circular seat 2. A circular groove 27 is provided below the installation groove 26. A rotating groove 28 communicating with the circular groove 27 is also provided on the surface of the circular seat 2. The connector 23 of the present invention is connected to an external liquid supply system.

[0024] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the protective module is located at the bottom of the circular base 2. The protective module includes several radially movable connecting blocks A3. The connecting blocks A3 are slidably positioned relative to several radial water channels 24 at the bottom of the circular base 2. The connecting blocks A3 have inner flow channels 31 and outer flow channels 32, which are connected and engaged with the radial water channels 24. A driven block 4 is rotatably engaged at the bottom of the connecting blocks A3. When the connecting blocks A3 move to the outer position, the inner flow channels 31 are connected to the radial water channels 24, and the liquid is sprayed out through the inner flow channels 31, forming a jet that surrounds the milling cutter in a circumferential direction for cooling the machining of hard workpieces. When the connecting blocks A3 move to the inner position, the connecting blocks A3 are interconnected to form a disc-shaped base. The driven block 4 is in close contact with the surface of the milling cutter and can be driven by the milling cutter to rotate at high speed. The driven blocks 4 are interconnected to form an atomizing disc structure. The liquid enters the atomizing disc structure through the outer flow channel 32 and is atomized and sprayed out for machining workpieces made of toxic materials.

[0025] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, the inner flow channel 31 is arranged in an inclined structure. The inner flow channel 31 includes a wide hole and a narrow hole arranged at the bottom end of the wide hole. The wide hole and the narrow hole are connected through a gradient hole. The outer flow channel 32 has an arc-shaped structure.

[0026] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the connecting block A3 is composed of a radial slider 33 and a sector block A34. The radial slider 33 is slidably mounted on the radial groove 25, and the sector block A34 is fixed to the bottom end of the radial slider 33. The top end of the radial slider 33 is provided with a groove 35, and a sealing gasket 36 is embedded in the groove 35. The sealing gasket 36 is provided with two flow holes, which are respectively connected to the inner flow channel 31 and the outer flow channel 32. The bottom end of the sector block A34 is provided with three arc grooves A37 in an inner and outer structure, and an arc groove B38 is provided at the eccentric end of the arc groove A37.

[0027] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 6 ,Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the driven block 4 includes a sector block B41 and three arc plates 47 arranged in an inner and outer structure. Friction blocks 42 are fixedly connected to the inner surface of the sector block B41 by several bolts. A through cavity 43 is opened on the driven block 4 at a position relative to the inner flow channel 31. An atomizing cavity 44 is opened on the outer side of the driven block 4 to communicate and cooperate with the outer flow channel 32. Several atomizing plates 45 with a trapezoidal structure are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity 44. Several atomizing outlets 46 are uniformly opened on the outer side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity 44. The three arc plates 47 are respectively movably mounted on three arc grooves A37. The top of the arc plate 47 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sector block B41. The arc plate 47 and the arc groove B38 are rolled together by several evenly arranged ball blocks 48. With the above-described configuration, when the connecting block A3 moves to the outer position, only the inner flow channel 31 is connected to the radial water tank 24. After passing through the wide hole, gradual hole, and narrow hole of the inner flow channel 31, the liquid is ejected from the through cavity 43, forming a jet that surrounds the milling cutter circumferentially, achieving efficient cooling for machining hard workpieces. When the connecting block A3 moves to the inner position, several connecting blocks A3 connect to form a disc-shaped base, several arc grooves A37 connect to form a rotating annular groove A, and several arc grooves B38 connect to form a rotating annular groove B. At this time, the friction block 42 is in close contact with the surface of the milling cutter, so that the driven block 4 can be driven by the milling cutter to rotate at high speed. Several driven blocks 4 connect to form an integrated atomizing disc structure, and the ball block 48 connects between the arc plate 47 and the arc groove B38. Rolling contact ensures that the driven block 4 maintains low frictional resistance when rotating relative to the connecting block A3, reducing energy consumption, ensuring smooth operation, and extending service life. Liquid enters the atomizing chamber 44 through the outer flow channel 32. Due to the arc-shaped structure of the outer flow channel 32, the water flow impacts the inclined surface of the atomizing plate 45 tangentially. The atomizing plate 45 has a trapezoidal structure that gradually increases in height from the inside to the outside, and its inclined surface is approximately perpendicular to the direction of water flow. The high-speed rotating atomizing plate 45 generates strong shearing and centrifugal crushing effects on the water flow, tearing the liquid into droplets. Under the action of centrifugal force, the droplets are evenly sprayed out through the atomizing outlet 46, forming a protective fog around the milling cutter that covers the entire cutting area, effectively adsorbing inhalable harmful dust generated during the processing of toxic workpieces and preventing it from spreading to the operating environment.

[0028] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 9As shown, the protection module also includes a limiting component 49, which includes a ring block 491 and several limiting shafts 494. The ring block 491 is positioned below the circular seat 2 relative to the driven block 4. The top end of the ring block 491 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the flange 1 by evenly arranged vertical shafts 492. Several limiting grooves 493 are provided on the inner surface of the ring block 491. Several limiting shafts 494 are respectively fixed on the outer surface of several driven blocks 4, and several limiting shafts 494 are respectively movably engaged with several limiting grooves 493. When the connecting block A3 moves to the inner position, i.e. in the atomization working mode, the limiting shaft 494 is completely disengaged from the limiting groove 493. When the connecting block A3 moves from the outer position to the middle position, the inner flow channel 31 is always connected to the radial water tank 24. That is, in the cooling working mode, the limiting shaft 494 is in the limiting groove 493, so that the limiting shaft 494 limits the driven block 4, preventing the driven block 4 from rotating on its own, and the arm of the through cavity 43 blocks the cooling water flow.

[0029] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 9 As shown, the outer end of the limiting shaft 494 has a spherical structure, and the limiting groove 493 includes a guide groove with a limiting hole inside. Through the above-described configuration, when switching from atomization to cooling mode, the limiting shaft 494 engages with the guide groove, allowing the limiting shaft 494 to move to an appropriate position so that the driven block 4 can adaptively rotate to the appropriate position, thus achieving automatic correction of the driven block 4.

[0030] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drive mechanism 5 is mounted on the circular base 2 and is used to drive several connecting blocks A3 to move synchronously radially. The drive mechanism 5 includes a motor 51, a drive gear 52, a gear ring 53, and a sleeve 54. The motor 51 is fixedly mounted on the mounting groove 26, the drive gear 52 is rotatably mounted on the circular groove 27, the top end of the gear shaft of the drive gear 52 passes through the mounting groove 26 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 51, the gear ring 53 is rotatably mounted on the rotating groove 28 and meshes with the drive gear 52, and the sleeve 54 is rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the circular base 2 and is fixedly connected to the gear ring 53. The sleeve 54 has a movable notch 55 at the position opposite to the joint 23. The sleeve 54 and several connecting blocks A3 are all connected by a connecting rod unit.

[0031] The linkage unit includes two rotating seats 56, which are respectively fixed on the inner surface of the sleeve 54 and the sector block A34. The two rotating seats 56 are rotatably connected by a connecting rod 57. This invention, through the structural design of the drive mechanism 5, controls the motor 51 via an external control mechanism. The output shaft of the motor 51 drives the drive gear 52 to rotate within the circular groove 27, driving the gear ring 53 to rotate within the rotating groove 28. The sleeve 54 rotates synchronously accordingly. The sleeve 54 drives several connecting blocks A3 to move synchronously and radially via several linkage units. The movable notch 55 on the sleeve 54 provides clearance space for the joint 23, ensuring that the rotation of the sleeve 54 is not interfered with. Through the precise control of the drive mechanism 5, this invention achieves synchronous control of several connecting blocks A3. During the machining of hard workpieces, the radial position of several connecting blocks A3 can be adjusted in real time according to the change in the milling depth of the milling cutter, so that the outlet of the inner flow channel 31 is always aligned with the current cutting area. This ensures that the cooling jet always surrounds the milling cutter and acts precisely on the cutting positioning point of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece, achieving precise cooling that adapts to the machining depth, ensuring cooling effect and machining quality.

[0032] Working principle: This embodiment provides a modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool. In use, the device is first fixed to the spindle nose flange of the multi-axis machine tool via flange 1, and then connected to an external liquid supply system via connector 23. Based on the material and process requirements of the workpiece, the control system drives the motor 51, causing several connecting blocks A3 to move synchronously along the radial slide 25, thus switching between two working modes. When machining hard workpieces, connecting block A3 moves to the outer position, and the inner flow channel 31 is connected to the radial water tank 24. After passing through the wide hole, the gradual hole, and the narrow hole of the inner flow channel 31, the liquid is sprayed out from the through cavity 43, forming a jet that surrounds the milling cutter in a circumferential direction. Through the precise control of the drive mechanism 5, the synchronous control of several connecting blocks A3 is realized. During the machining of hard workpieces, the radial position of several connecting blocks A3 can be adjusted in real time according to the change of the milling groove depth of the milling cutter, so that the outlet of the inner flow channel 31 is always aligned with the current cutting area, thereby ensuring that the cooling jet always surrounds the milling cutter and acts precisely on the cutting positioning point of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece, realizing precise cooling that adapts to the machining depth, ensuring the cooling effect and machining quality. At this time, the limiting shaft 494 is in the limiting groove 493 to prevent the driven block 4 from rotating.

[0033] When machining workpieces made of toxic materials, connecting block A3 moves to the inner position, and several connecting blocks A3 connect with each other to form a disc-shaped base. Friction block 42 is in close contact with the surface of the milling cutter, so that driven block 4 can be driven by the milling cutter to rotate at high speed. Several driven blocks 4 form an atomizing disc structure. Liquid enters the atomizing cavity 44 tangentially through the outer flow channel 32, impacts the inclined surface of the atomizing plate 45, and forms droplets under the action of high-speed rotation shearing and centrifugal force. The droplets are evenly sprayed out through the atomizing outlet 46, forming a protective fog around the milling cutter that covers the entire cutting area, effectively adsorbing harmful dust and preventing its diffusion.

[0034] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool, characterized in that, Includes a flange (1), a circular seat (2) is fixed at the bottom of the flange (1), a ring-shaped water cavity (21) is opened in the circular seat (2), and a number of radial water grooves (24) communicating with the water cavity (21) are opened at the bottom of the circular seat (2) in a ring-shaped and equally spaced structure. A protective module is provided at the bottom of the circular seat (2). The protective module includes several connecting blocks A (3), which are slidably disposed at the bottom of the circular seat (2) relative to several radial water tanks (24). The connecting blocks A (3) are provided with an inner flow channel (31) and an outer flow channel (32). The inner flow channel (31) and the outer flow channel (32) are connected and cooperate with the radial water tanks (24). The bottom of the connecting blocks A (3) is rotatably fitted with a driven block (4). The circular base (2) is provided with a drive mechanism (5) for driving several connecting blocks A (3) to move radially synchronously. When the connecting block A (3) moves to the outer position, the inner flow channel (31) is connected to the radial water tank (24), and the liquid is sprayed out through several inner flow channels (31) to form a jet that surrounds the milling cutter in the circumferential direction for cooling the machining of hard workpieces; When the connecting block A (3) moves to the inner position, several connecting blocks A (3) are connected to form a disc-shaped base. The driven block (4) is in close contact with the surface of the milling cutter and can be driven to rotate at high speed by the milling cutter. Several driven blocks (4) are connected to form an atomizing disc structure. The liquid enters the atomizing disc structure through the outer flow channel (32) and is atomized and sprayed out for processing workpieces made of toxic materials.

2. The modular protective device for multi-axis machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular seat (2) has a through hole at its center. One end of the surface of the circular seat (2) has a water inlet hole (22) that communicates with the water cavity (21). A connector (23) is threaded onto the water inlet hole (22). The bottom end of the circular seat (2) has a plurality of radial grooves (25). The plurality of radial grooves (25) are respectively connected to a plurality of radial water channels (24). The other end of the surface of the circular seat (2) has an installation groove (26). A circular groove (27) is provided below the installation groove (26). The surface of the circular seat (2) also has a rotating groove (28) that communicates with the circular groove (27).

3. The modular protective device for multi-axis machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner flow channel (31) is arranged in an inclined structure. The inner flow channel (31) includes a wide hole and a narrow hole is arranged at the bottom end of the wide hole. The wide hole and the narrow hole are connected through a gradient hole. The outer flow channel (32) has an arc-shaped structure.

4. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting block A (3) is composed of a radial slider (33) and a sector block A (34). The radial slider (33) is slidably disposed on the radial groove (25). The sector block A (34) is fixed to the bottom end of the radial slider (33). The top end of the radial slider (33) is provided with a groove (35). A sealing gasket (36) is embedded in the groove (35). The sealing gasket (36) has two flow holes. The two flow holes are respectively connected to the inner flow channel (31) and the outer flow channel (32). The bottom end of the sector block A (34) has three arc grooves A (37) in an inner and outer structure.

5. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driven block (4) includes a fan-shaped block B (41) and three arc plates (47) arranged in an inner and outer structure. The inner surface of the fan-shaped block B (41) is fixedly connected to a friction block (42) by several bolts. A through cavity (43) is opened on the driven block (4) relative to the inner flow channel (31). An atomizing cavity (44) communicating and cooperating with the outer flow channel (32) is opened on the outer side of the driven block (4). Several atomizing plates (45) in a trapezoidal structure are uniformly fixed on the inner side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity (44). Several atomizing outlets (46) are uniformly opened on the outer side of the bottom end of the atomizing cavity (44). The three arc plates (47) are respectively movably arranged on the three arc grooves A (37). The top of the arc plate (47) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the fan-shaped block B (41).

6. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that, The eccentric end of the arc groove A (37) is provided with an arc groove B (38), and the arc plate (47) and the arc groove B (38) are rolled together by a number of evenly arranged spherical blocks (48).

7. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective module also includes a limiting component (49), which includes a ring block (491) and several limiting shafts (494). The ring block (491) is positioned below the round seat (2) relative to the driven block (4). The top of the ring block (491) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the flange (1) by evenly arranged vertical shafts (492). Several limiting grooves (493) are provided on the inner surface of the ring block (491). Several limiting shafts (494) are respectively fixed on the outer surface of several driven blocks (4). Several limiting shafts (494) are respectively movably engaged with several limiting grooves (493).

8. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer end of the limiting shaft (494) has a spherical structure, and the limiting groove (493) includes a guide groove, in which a limiting hole is formed.

9. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (5) includes a motor (51), a drive gear (52), a gear ring (53), and a sleeve (54). The motor (51) is fixed on the mounting groove (26). The drive gear (52) is rotatably mounted on the circular groove (27). The top end of the gear shaft of the drive gear (52) passes through the mounting groove (26) and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (51). The gear ring (53) is rotatably mounted on the rotating groove (28) and meshes with the drive gear (52). The sleeve (54) is rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the circular seat (2) and is fixedly connected to the gear ring (53). A movable notch (55) is provided on the sleeve (54) relative to the joint (23). The sleeve (54) and several connecting blocks A (3) are all connected by a connecting rod unit.

10. The modular protective device for a multi-axis machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that, The linkage unit includes two rotating seats (56), which are respectively fixed on the inner surface of the sleeve (54) and the sector block A (34). The two rotating seats (56) are rotatably connected by a connecting rod (57).

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