A confined space foundation pit unearthing system and construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of confined space foundation pit unearthing system and construction method, including conveying mechanism, sealing assembly, support body, steering mechanism, walking mechanism and detachment mechanism, conveying mechanism can realize soft soil conveying, sealing assembly can be sealed to prevent sloughing to storage cavity, steering mechanism and walking mechanism cooperate to realize the stable steering movement of soft soil surface, detachment mechanism automatically cleans clay of conveying belt, construction method is based on the system, including assembly, positioning, unearthing, adjustment, cleaning and finishing step, the present application is adapted to confined space soft soil layer, can improve unearthing efficiency, reduce manual intervention, avoid equipment subsidence and clay accumulation, basic structure is all modular, easy to disassemble and assemble, can be assembled according to different working condition requirements;Soft soil is prone to sloughing overflow when unearthing in confined space soft soil layer, equipment is prone to subsidence, clay is prone to adhere to conveying belt and the problem of inconvenient steering movement is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology and relates to a confined space foundation pit soil removal system and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In construction projects such as foundation renovation of old residential areas, underground utility tunnel construction, and small foundation pit excavation, it is often necessary to carry out soil removal operations in confined spaces, particularly in soft soil strata. These scenarios typically present objective limitations such as narrow spaces, limited access, and complex surrounding environments. Furthermore, soft soil strata themselves have high water content, high viscosity, and fluid plasticity, making them highly susceptible to adhesion and slippage. This combination of unique geological conditions and complex construction environment makes it difficult to effectively adapt conventional soil removal equipment, becoming a major challenge for on-site construction.

[0003] Currently, for the aforementioned working conditions, construction sites often employ traditional belt conveyors, small excavators combined with manual transport, or simple conveying equipment. However, these existing technologies have revealed significant shortcomings in practical applications, failing to simultaneously meet the requirements of efficient transportation within confined spaces and stable operation in soft soil conditions, severely hindering construction progress.

[0004] Specifically, in the material conveying process, existing equipment is prone to material slippage, backflow, or overflow when conveying fluid-like soft soil at steep angles. This not only significantly reduces soil removal efficiency but also leads to mud contamination of the construction environment, increasing subsequent cleanup work. Furthermore, the adhesion of soft soil to the conveyor belt is a major problem, requiring frequent manual cleaning; otherwise, it can easily cause clay accumulation, conveyor belt misalignment, or even jamming and shutdown, further exacerbating labor intensity and equipment maintenance costs.

[0005] Furthermore, in the equipment movement and positioning stage, existing conveying equipment mostly relies on rollers for movement and turning. In soft soil layers with extremely low bearing capacity, rollers are prone to sinking, which hinders equipment movement; in addition, the turning radius is extremely small in confined spaces, making it difficult for traditional roller-type equipment to flexibly adjust the direction and position of excavation in narrow areas, and unable to cover excavation work surfaces in complex areas, ultimately resulting in low construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that existing conventional excavation equipment cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of efficient transportation in confined spaces and stable operation in soft soil conditions, which seriously restricts the construction progress, the present invention provides a confined space foundation pit excavation system and construction method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A confined space foundation pit excavation system includes:

[0009] The conveying mechanism consists of two frame bodies, multiple driven rollers, a driving roller, motor II, conveyor belt I, and two sets of guide wheels. The driven rollers and driving rollers are rotatably connected between the two frame bodies. The conveyor belt I is fitted on the driven rollers and driving rollers. The output end of motor II is fixedly connected to the driving roller and drives it to rotate. The guide wheels are rotatably connected to one side of the frame body to change the direction of the conveyor belt I.

[0010] It also includes a sealing assembly, which is fixedly connected to one side of the two frame bodies to seal the storage cavity on conveyor belt I to prevent soft soil from slipping and overflowing.

[0011] The support frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the two frame bodies;

[0012] The steering mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support body and is used to enable the conveying mechanism to flexibly turn.

[0013] The walking mechanism, located at the bottom of the support body, works in conjunction with the steering mechanism to enable the equipment to move smoothly in soft soil layers and avoid sinking.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0015] Multiple material-pushing plates and corrugated sidewalls are fixedly connected to the outer surface of conveyor belt I. Two adjacent material-pushing plates and corrugated sidewalls enclose a material storage cavity. The material-pushing plates push the soft soil to be conveyed, and the corrugated sidewalls prevent the soft soil from sliding off both sides of conveyor belt I.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0017] The sealing assembly includes two support rollers, a conveyor belt II, a cover plate, and a transmission box. The two support rollers are parallel to each other and rotatably connected to the frame body. The conveyor belt II is sleeved on the outer wall of the two support rollers. The cover plate is located on the outer surface of the conveyor belt II and corresponds to the storage cavity. The transmission box is fixedly connected to one side of the frame body. Its input end is fixedly connected to the driven roller, and its output end is fixedly connected to the support roller. The driven roller drives the support roller to rotate synchronously through the transmission box, which in turn causes the cover plate to move with the storage cavity to achieve sealing.

[0018] The outer surface of conveyor belt II is fixedly connected to a rotating seat body corresponding to the cover plate body. The cover plate body is rotatably connected to the rotating seat body through a pin shaft, which can rotate around the pin shaft to adaptively adjust the angle, avoid hard contact damage and ensure the sealing effect.

[0019] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0020] The steering mechanism includes a fixed disc, a column, a base I, a gear ring, a motor III, and a gear body. The fixed disc is fixedly connected to the support body. The column is rotatably connected to the top of the fixed disc. The base I is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column and contacts the ground. The gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the top of the column. The motor III is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed disc. The gear body is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the motor III and meshes with the gear ring. The motor III drives the gear body to rotate, which in turn drives the gear ring and the column to rotate, thus achieving steering. The outer walls of the gear body and the gear ring are fitted with sealing covers to protect the transmission components.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0022] The walking mechanism includes two sets of hydraulic cylinders I and two bases II. The two sets of hydraulic cylinders I are fixedly connected to the top of the support body in pairs. The output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders I on the same side are fixedly connected to the same base II through a connecting plate. The bottom of the base II is equipped with an anti-slip pad. When the equipment turns, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder I retracts to drive the base II away from the ground. The base I touches the ground to ensure smooth turning. After the turning is completed, the piston rod extends to make the base II fall to touch the ground to fix the equipment.

[0023] Two sets of parallel guide rails are fixedly connected inside the base II. Two sliding trolleys are provided between the two sets of guide rails. Rollers are provided on both sides of the sliding trolleys and roll in cooperation with the guide rails. Ball joints are embedded in the top of the sliding trolleys and are fixedly connected to the output end of hydraulic cylinder I. A connecting rod is fixedly connected between the two sliding trolleys. Hydraulic cylinder II is hinged to the top of the base II by a pin. The output end of hydraulic cylinder II is hinged to the sliding trolley by a pin. When the base II touches the ground and the base I moves away from the ground, hydraulic cylinder II drives the sliding trolley to move along the guide rails to realize the movement of the equipment.

[0024] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0025] It also includes a desorption mechanism, which includes a connecting base plate, multiple sliding rods and a hammer head. The connecting base plate is fixedly connected between two frame bodies and located inside the conveyor belt I. The sliding rods are slidably connected to the top of the connecting base plate. The hammer head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding rod and fits against the surface of the conveyor belt I. The hammer head is connected to the drive roller. The drive roller drives the sliding rod to move up and down reciprocally to realize the automatic cleaning of clay on the surface of the conveyor belt I.

[0026] A fixed shaft is fixedly connected between the two frame bodies. A rotating ring body corresponding to each slide rod is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed shaft body. Connecting strip I and connecting strip II are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating ring body. A U-shaped notch is opened at one end of connecting strip I. The slide rod is located in the U-shaped notch and its top abuts against the notch. An annular groove corresponding to connecting strip II is opened on the outer wall of the drive roller. Multiple protrusions are arranged in a circular array in the annular groove. A spring body is sleeved on the outer wall of the slide rod. The two ends of the spring body abut against the bottom of the connecting base plate and the top of the hammer head respectively and are in a compressed state. When the protrusions abut against connecting strip II and flip downward, connecting strip I flips upward and drives the slide rod to rise. After the protrusions are disengaged, the hammer head falls and strikes the conveyor belt I under the action of its own weight and the potential energy of the spring body.

[0027] A construction method based on the above-mentioned confined space foundation pit excavation system includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. The conveying mechanism, sealing components, support body, steering mechanism, traveling mechanism and de-adhesion mechanism are assembled in a modular fashion using bolts. The components are then debugged to ensure smooth operation.

[0029] S2. Adjust the height of the support body and the angle of the guide wheels, and move the equipment to the construction position through the walking mechanism so that the storage chamber is aligned with the feeding point;

[0030] S3. Start motor II to drive conveyor belt I and conveyor belt II to run synchronously, pour soft soil into the storage cavity, and the cover plate moves with the storage cavity to achieve sealing. The soft soil is pushed to be transported by the material feeding plate.

[0031] S4. When turning is required, hydraulic cylinder I drives base II to rise, and motor III starts to achieve turning and then reset and fix. When moving is required, hydraulic cylinder I drives base I to rise, and hydraulic cylinder II drives the sliding trolley to move and move the equipment.

[0032] S5. When the drive drum rotates, the protrusion cooperates with the connecting bar II to drive the hammer head to strike the conveyor belt I up and down, shaking off the surface clay.

[0033] S6. After the operation is completed, shut down all power components, clean the equipment of any remaining clay and perform inspection and maintenance, disassemble the parts and transport them out of the confined space.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. The confined space foundation pit soil removal system disclosed in this invention effectively solves the problem of easy slippage and overflow of fluid plastic soft soil when conveyed at a large angle by setting up a complete sealing component and cooperating with the storage cavity of the conveying mechanism. The support roller of the sealing component is synchronously driven with the driven roller through the transmission box, which drives the conveyor belt II and the cover plate to rotate synchronously with the storage cavity. The cover plate can adaptively adjust the angle through the rotating seat, which can completely cover the storage cavity to achieve sealing. In conjunction with the corrugated side guard and the material guide plate, it further prevents soil from slipping from both sides of the conveyor belt I, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of conveying.

[0036] 2. The confined space foundation pit excavation system disclosed in this invention features a steering mechanism with a fixed disc, column, gear ring, and gear body that work together to allow the equipment to flexibly turn according to the excavation requirements. The sealing cover effectively protects the transmission components and extends their service life. The hydraulic cylinder I of the walking mechanism allows for alternating support of base I and base II. The anti-slip pads at the bottom of base I and base II increase the friction with the soft soil surface. The sliding trolley moves smoothly via guide rails and hydraulic cylinder II. The ball joint can adapt to uneven ground in soft soil layers, and the connecting rod ensures synchronous movement, ensuring that the equipment moves smoothly, without slipping or sinking in soft soil layers, and adapts to the position adjustment requirements in complex construction environments.

[0037] 3. The confined space foundation pit soil removal system disclosed in this invention uses a sliding rod on the connecting plate of the desorption mechanism, in conjunction with a spring body and a striking hammer. Through the transmission cooperation of the annular groove and protrusion of the active roller with the rotating ring body, connecting bar I, and connecting bar II, the striking hammer automatically strikes the conveyor belt I. Without additional power drive, it can shake off and clean the clay adhering to the conveyor belt, which reduces the amount of manual cleaning, avoids clay accumulation affecting the conveying efficiency, prevents clay from returning and causing equipment failure, and extends the service life of the conveyor belt I and various transmission components.

[0038] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the confined space foundation pit soil removal system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the storage cavity and cover plate structure in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate and rotating seat structure in this invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the steering mechanism structure in this invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the active roller structure in this invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the walking mechanism structure in this invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the desorption mechanism in this invention.

[0047] Reference numerals: 1. Conveying mechanism; 11. Frame body; 12. Driven roller; 13. Driving roller; 131. Annular groove; 132. Protrusion; 14. Motor II; 15. Conveyor belt I; 16. Guide wheel; 17. Feeding plate; 18. Corrugated sidewall body; 19. Storage cavity; 2. Sealing assembly; 21. Support roller; 22. Conveyor belt II; 23. Cover plate body; 24. Transmission box body; 25. Rotating seat body; 3. Support body; 4. Steering mechanism; 41. Base I; 42. Column body; 43. Fixed disc; 44. Gear ring; 45. Motor III; 46. Gear body; 47. Sealing cover plate; 5. Traveling mechanism; 51. Hydraulic cylinder I; 52. Base II; 53. Guide rail; 54. Sliding trolley; 55. Ball joint; 56. Connecting rod; 57. Hydraulic cylinder II; 6. Detachment mechanism; 61. Connecting base plate; 62. Slide rod; 63. Striking hammer head; 64. Spring body; 65. Fixed shaft body; 66. Rotating ring body; 67. Connecting bar I; 68. U-shaped notch; 69. Connecting bar II. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0049] like Figure 1 The confined space foundation pit excavation system shown is suitable for excavation operations in soft soil strata within confined spaces such as foundation renovation of old residential areas and construction of underground pipe corridors. It solves the problems of existing excavation equipment being prone to slipping, soil slipping, inconvenient equipment turning, and clay adhering to the conveyor belt in soft soil strata.

[0050] The system includes a conveying mechanism 1, a sealing component 2, a support body 3, a steering mechanism 4, a traveling mechanism 5, and a desorption mechanism 6. All components adopt a modular design and are assembled by bolt connection, eliminating the need for on-site welding. This facilitates transportation and installation and commissioning in confined spaces. At the same time, the layout of components can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the construction space to improve construction adaptability.

[0051] The conveying mechanism 1 consists of two side frames 11, multiple driven rollers 12, a driving roller 13, a motor II 14, a conveyor belt I 15, and two sets of guide wheels 16. The two side frames 11 are arranged parallel to each other and are formed from cut steel plates, ensuring structural strength while reducing overall weight and facilitating assembly and handling. Multiple driven rollers 12 are evenly distributed between the two side frames 11, and the driving roller 13 is located at one end of each side frame 11. Both ends of the driven rollers 12 and the driving roller 13 are rotatably connected to the side frames 11 through bearings, reducing rotational resistance and improving the smoothness of equipment operation. The number of driven rollers 12 can be adjusted according to the conveying length, and the spacing between adjacent driven rollers 12 is reasonably set to ensure that the conveyor belt I 15 does not sag excessively during operation. Figure 5 The outer wall of the active roller 13 shown has an annular groove 131, and a protrusion 132 is provided in the annular groove 131. The protrusion 132 is integrally formed with the active roller 13. Multiple protrusions 132 are distributed in a circular array and are evenly distributed in the annular groove 131 to cooperate with the desorption mechanism 6 to realize transmission.

[0052] Conveyor belt I 15 is fitted onto the driven roller 12 and the driving roller 13. Conveyor belt I 15 is made of rubber with anti-slip textured surfaces to increase friction with the soil and prevent slippage during transport. Motor II 14 is bolted to the outside of the frame body 11. The output end of motor II 14 is fixedly connected to the driving roller 13 via a coupling. Starting motor II 14 drives the driving roller 13 to rotate, which in turn drives conveyor belt I 15 and the driven roller 12 to rotate synchronously, thus transporting the soil. Two sets of guide wheels 16 are rotatably connected to the two frame bodies 11. The guide wheels 16 are connected to the frame bodies 11 via shafts and can rotate freely around the shafts to change the direction of conveyor belt I 15, allowing it to adapt to different transport angles within a confined space and ensuring smooth operation without deviation.

[0053] like Figure 2As shown, multiple material-pushing plates 17 are fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the conveyor belt I 15 by bolts. The material-pushing plates 17 are made of wear-resistant steel plates, and their length is consistent with the width of the conveyor belt I 15. They are used to push the soil forward during the conveying process and prevent the soil from accumulating on the conveyor belt I 15. Corrugated sidewalls 18 are also fixedly mounted on both sides of the outer surface of the conveyor belt I 15. The corrugated sidewalls 18 are fixedly connected to the conveyor belt I 15 by bolts, and their height is consistent with that of the material-pushing plates 17. A storage cavity 19 is formed between two adjacent material-pushing plates 17 and corrugated sidewalls 18. The storage cavity 19 can be used to contain fluid plastic soft soil, preventing the soil from sliding off the sides of the conveyor belt I 15 during the conveying process and improving the conveying efficiency.

[0054] The sealing assembly 2 is located on one side of the two frame bodies 11 near the guide wheel 16, and is used to seal the storage cavity 19 to prevent backflow and overflow of the fluid plastic soft soil during large-angle conveying. The sealing assembly 2 includes two support rollers 21, which are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other. Their two ends are rotatably connected to the frame bodies 11 through bearings. The diameter of the support rollers 21 is the same as that of the driven roller 12 to ensure that the speed matches that of the conveyor belt I 15 during operation. Conveyor belts II 22 are fitted onto the outer walls of the two support rollers 21. The width of conveyor belts II 22 is the same as that of conveyor belts I 15, and their surfaces are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. A cover plate 23 for sealing the storage cavity 19 is provided on the outer surface of conveyor belts II 22. The cover plate 23 is made of thin steel plate, and its width is slightly larger than the width of the storage cavity 19 to ensure complete coverage. The number of cover plates 23 is the same as that of the material feeding plates 17, and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence (or two adjacent storage cavities 19 can share one material feeding plate 17). The outer surface of conveyor belts II 22 is fixedly provided with corresponding features to the cover plates 23. Figure 3 The rotating seat 25 shown is made of cast steel and is fixedly connected to the conveyor belt II 22 by bolts. The cover plate 23 is rotatably connected to the rotating seat 25 by a pin and can rotate freely around the pin. During the movement of the conveyor belt II 22, the cover plate 23 is automatically driven to cover the storage cavity 19. In order to adapt to the muddy and watery environment of soft soil layers, the bearings connecting the driven roller 12, the driving roller 13, and the support roller 21 to the frame body 11 are all equipped with labyrinth seals or rolling bearings with waterproof and dustproof lips to prevent the intrusion of mud and moisture.

[0055] A transmission box 24 is fixed to one side of the frame body 11 by bolts. The transmission box 24 is equipped with a gear transmission mechanism with a transmission ratio of 1:1 to ensure smooth power transmission. The input end of the transmission box 24 is fixedly connected to the corresponding driven roller 12 through a coupling, and its output end is fixedly connected to the corresponding support roller 21 through a coupling. When the driven roller 12 rotates, it can drive the support roller 21 to rotate synchronously through the transmission box 24, thereby driving the conveyor belt II 22 and the cover plate 23 to rotate synchronously, so that the cover plate 23 moves synchronously with the storage cavity 19, always keeping the storage cavity 19 sealed and preventing soil from overflowing.

[0056] The support body 3 is fixed to the bottom of the two frame bodies 11 by bolts. The support body 3 is made of square steel welded together and its height can be adjusted according to construction needs. The support body 3 is used to support the entire conveying mechanism 1 and the sealing component 2, ensuring the overall stability of the equipment. A steering mechanism 4 is fixed at the bottom of the support body 3. The steering mechanism 4 is used to drive the entire equipment to turn, adapting to the complex construction environment in confined spaces and facilitating the adjustment of the soil discharge direction.

[0057] like Figure 4 The steering mechanism 4 shown includes a fixed disc 43 fixed inside the support body 3. The fixed disc 43 is made of steel plate and is fixedly connected to the support body 3 by bolts. A column 42 is rotatably mounted through the top of the fixed disc 43. The column 42 is connected to the fixed disc 43 by a thrust bearing, which can withstand the vertical load of the equipment while ensuring that the column 42 can rotate flexibly. A base I 41 is fixed at the bottom of the column 42 and contacts the ground. The base I 41 is made of steel plate and welded together. The bottom is equipped with an anti-slip pad to increase the friction with the ground and prevent the equipment from slipping on soft soil.

[0058] A gear ring 44 is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the top of the column 42. A motor III 45 is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed disk 43 by bolts. A gear body 46 that meshes with the gear ring 44 is fixedly fitted onto the output end of the motor III 45. Starting the motor III 45 can drive the gear body 46 to rotate, thereby driving the gear ring 44 and the column 42 to rotate synchronously, realizing the steering of the equipment and meeting the steering requirements in confined spaces. A sealing cover plate 47 is fitted onto the outer wall of the gear body 46 and the gear ring 44. The sealing cover plate 47 is made of thin steel plate and is fixedly connected to the fixed disk 43 by bolts. A sealing gasket is provided between the sealing cover plate 47 and the fixed disk 43 to form a closed lubrication chamber to protect the gear body 46 and the gear ring 44, prevent dirt and dust from entering, and extend the service life of the transmission components.

[0059] like Figure 6The traveling mechanism 5 shown is located at the bottom of the support body 3. The traveling mechanism 5 works in conjunction with the steering mechanism 4 to move the position of the conveying mechanism 1, enabling flexible movement of the equipment within the construction area. The traveling mechanism 5 includes two sets of hydraulic cylinders I51 fixed to the top of the support body 3. The two sets of hydraulic cylinders I51 are paired and located on opposite sides of the support body 3. The output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders I51 on the same side are connected to the same base II52 via a connecting plate. Base II52 is made of welded steel plate and has an anti-slip pad on the bottom, consistent with the structure of base I41. When the conveying mechanism 1 needs to turn, hydraulic cylinders I51 are activated, the piston rods of hydraulic cylinders I51 retract, driving base II52 upwards away from the ground. At this time, base I41 touches the ground. Then, motor III45 is activated, driving the equipment to turn via the steering mechanism 4. After the turn is completed, the piston rods of hydraulic cylinders I51 extend, and base II52 falls to touch the ground, fixing the equipment and ensuring a smooth turning process, preventing the equipment from tilting in soft soil.

[0060] Two sets of guide rails 53 are fixedly installed inside the base II 52. The two sets of guide rails 53 are arranged in parallel and opposite directions and are fixedly connected to the base II 52 by bolts. A sliding trolley 54 is provided between the two sets of guide rails 53. The bottom of the sliding trolley 54 is equipped with rollers, which slide in engagement with the guide rails 53, allowing the sliding trolley 54 to move freely along the guide rails 53. The sliding trolley 54 is welded from steel plates and is used to support part of the weight of the equipment. A ball joint 55 is embedded in the top of the sliding trolley 54. The ball joint 55 is fixed to the output end of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder I 51 by bolts. The ball joint 55 can rotate at multiple angles, which facilitates the adjustment of the posture of the sliding trolley 54, adapts to uneven ground in soft soil layers, and ensures the stability of the equipment. A dust cover is fitted on the outside of the guide rails 53 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base II 52 to prevent soil and dust from entering the mating surface between the guide rails and the rollers (not shown in the figure). A flexible dust cover is fitted on the outside of the ball joint 55 (not shown in the figure).

[0061] A connecting rod 56 is fixedly installed between the two sliding trolleys 54. The connecting rod 56 is fixedly connected to the sliding trolleys 54 by bolts to ensure that the two sliding trolleys 54 move synchronously and avoid deviation. A hydraulic cylinder 257 is hinged to the top of the base 2 52 by a pin. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 257 is hinged to the corresponding sliding trolley 54 by a pin. When the base 2 52 contacts the ground and the base 1 41 moves away from the ground, the hydraulic cylinder 257 is activated. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 257 extends or retracts, driving the sliding trolley 54 to move along the guide rail 53 on the base 2 52. After it moves into position, the base 2 52 is driven away from the ground to make it suspended. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 257 is then driven to extend or retract, driving the guide rail 53 on the base 2 52 to move on the sliding trolley 54. This alternating movement drives the entire equipment to move, realizing the walking function, adapting to soft soil layers and preventing the equipment from sinking.

[0062] like Figure 7 The desorption mechanism 6 shown is disposed between the two frame bodies 11 and is used to clean the clay adhering to the conveyor belt I 15, preventing clay accumulation from affecting the conveying efficiency and preventing clay backflow from causing equipment failure. The desorption mechanism 6 includes a connecting base plate 61 fixed between the two frame bodies 11 and located inside the conveyor belt I 15. The connecting base plate 61 is made of steel plate and is fixedly connected to the frame bodies 11 by bolts. Multiple sliding rods 62 are slidably disposed through the top of the connecting base plate 61. The sliding rods 62 are connected to the connecting base plate 61 by linear bearings to reduce the friction when the sliding rods 62 move up and down, allowing the sliding rods 62 to slide flexibly. A spring body 64 is fitted on the outer wall of the slide bar 62. The two ends of the spring body 64 abut against the bottom of the connecting base plate 61 and the top of the hammer head 63, respectively. The spring body 64 is in a compressed state. When the slide bar 62 moves upward, the spring body 64 is further compressed to store elastic potential energy. When the slide bar 62 moves downward, the spring body 64 releases elastic potential energy to assist the hammer head 63 in striking downward and increase the striking force.

[0063] A striking hammer head 63 for striking the conveyor belt I15 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slide bar 62. The striking hammer head 63 is made of rubber and has an arc-shaped contact surface at its bottom to fit against the surface of the conveyor belt I15, preventing damage to the conveyor belt I15 during striking and improving the striking effect. The striking hammer head 63 is connected to the drive roller 13, which drives the slide bar 62 to move up and down reciprocally to achieve the striking and cleaning of the conveyor belt I15. A fixed shaft 65 is fixed between the two frame bodies 11. The fixed shaft 65 is fixedly connected to the frame bodies 11 by bolts. A rotating ring body 66 corresponding to the slide bar 62 is rotatably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed shaft 65. The rotating ring body 66 is made of cast steel and can rotate freely around the fixed shaft body 65. The number of rotating ring bodies 66 is the same as that of the slide bar 62, and they are set one-to-one.

[0064] Connecting strip I 67 and connecting strip II 69 are fixedly provided on the outer side of the rotating ring 66. Connecting strip I 67 and connecting strip II 69 are arranged horizontally and symmetrically. Both connecting strip I 67 and connecting strip II 69 are made of steel plate and are fixedly connected to the rotating ring 66 by welding to ensure the stability of the lever transmission. One end of connecting strip I 67 has a U-shaped notch 68. The width of the U-shaped notch 68 is slightly larger than the diameter of the slide rod 62. The slide rod 62 is located inside the U-shaped notch 68 and the top of the slide rod 62 abuts against the U-shaped notch 68. When connecting strip I 67 flips up and down, it can drive the slide rod 62 to move up and down. The annular groove 131 on the drive roller 13 corresponds to the connecting bar II 69. The protrusion 132 in the annular groove 131 can abut against the connecting bar II 69. When the drive roller 13 rotates, the protrusion 132 continuously abuts against the connecting bar II 69, causing the connecting bar II 69 to flip downwards. By rotating the ring body 66, the connecting bar I 67 is driven to flip upwards, which in turn drives the slide bar 62 to move upwards. When the protrusion 132 disengages from the connecting bar II 69, the hammer head 63 moves downwards under its own weight and the elastic potential energy of the spring body 64, striking the conveyor belt I 15 to clean the clay. In order to further improve the cleaning effect on highly viscous soft soil, the striking surface of the hammer head 63 can be provided with several protrusions or ridges to form local high stress at the moment of striking, which is more conducive to the cracking and peeling of the clay. The shaken-off clay falls to the designated collection area below.

[0065] It also includes a PLC controller and a hydraulic station. The PLC controller and hydraulic station are fixedly connected to one side of the support body 3 and are electrically connected to motor II 14, motor III 45 and hydraulic station respectively. The hydraulic station is connected to hydraulic cylinder I 51 and hydraulic cylinder II 57 through pipelines. It is used to receive control commands and coordinate the synchronous operation of each component to realize the automated linkage of conveying, turning, walking and desorption. The PLC controller has a preset control program and can set the motor speed, hydraulic cylinder extension stroke and timing according to the construction requirements to realize the coordinated operation of each component. For example, it can control the extension of hydraulic cylinder I 51 and the turning action of motor III 45 to avoid the equipment tilting during the turning process, and control motor II 14 to move synchronously with the desorption mechanism 6 to ensure that clay cleaning and soft soil conveying are carried out simultaneously.

[0066] The detailed construction process is as follows:

[0067] Start motor II14 and observe the operation of the driving roller 13 and driven roller 12 to ensure that the conveyor belt I15 runs smoothly without deviation or slippage. Simultaneously observe the power transmission of the transmission box 24 to ensure that the conveyor belt II22 operates synchronously with the conveyor belt I15, and that the cover plate 23 moves synchronously with the storage cavity 19, providing a good seal. Start motor III45, adjust the steering mechanism 4, and observe the rotation of the column 42 to ensure that the equipment can steer flexibly and smoothly without jamming. Start hydraulic cylinders I51 and II57, adjust the traveling mechanism 5, and observe the lifting and lowering of base I41 and base II52, as well as the movement of the sliding trolley 54 along the guide rail 53, to ensure that the equipment can travel smoothly without slipping or sinking on soft ground. Debug the desorption mechanism 6 and observe the cooperation between the protrusion 132 and the connecting bar II 69 when the active roller 13 rotates. Ensure that the slide bar 62 can move up and down back and forth and that the hammer head 63 can effectively strike the conveyor belt I 15 to achieve the clay cleaning function.

[0068] After successful commissioning, excavation work commences. Based on construction requirements, the angle of the guide wheel 16 is adjusted to determine the conveying direction of the conveyor belt I 15. The height of the support body 3 is adjusted to position the storage chamber 19 at a suitable feeding position. Motor II 14 is started, driving the drive roller 13 and driven roller 12 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the conveyor belt I 15. The driven roller 12 drives the support roller 21 to rotate via the transmission box 24, causing the conveyor belt II 22 and the cover plate 23 to rotate synchronously. The cover plate 23 moves synchronously with the storage chamber 19, sealing it. The fluid-like soft soil within the confined space is poured into the storage chamber 19 through the feeding device. Driven by the material feeding plate 17, the soft soil is conveyed upwards by the conveyor belt I 15. The corrugated sidewall 18 prevents the soft soil from sliding down from both sides, and the cover plate 23 prevents the soft soil from slipping back and overflowing, ensuring the soft soil is stably conveyed to the designated position.

[0069] During the excavation operation, if it is necessary to adjust the excavation direction of the equipment, start hydraulic cylinder I51 to retract the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder I51, driving base II52 upward away from the ground. At this time, base I41 touches the ground. Start motor III45, which drives gear body 46 to rotate. Gear body 46 drives gear ring 44 and column body 42 to rotate synchronously, thereby turning the entire equipment. After turning to the appropriate direction, turn off motor III45, control the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder I51 to extend, and lower base II52 to touch the ground to fix the equipment, and continue the excavation operation.

[0070] If the equipment needs to be moved to another construction location, activate hydraulic cylinder I 51 to extend it, so that base I 41 is away from the ground and base II 52 touches the ground. Activate hydraulic cylinder II 57, and the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder II 57 extends or retracts, driving the sliding trolley 54 to move along the guide rail 53. The sliding trolley 54 drives another sliding trolley 54 to move synchronously through the connecting rod 56, thereby driving the entire equipment to move smoothly. After moving to the designated position, close hydraulic cylinder II 57 and control hydraulic cylinder I 51 to reset, so that both base I 41 and base II 52 touch the ground. After fixing the equipment, continue working.

[0071] During the conveying process, the drive roller 13 rotates, causing the protrusion 132 in the annular groove 131 to contact the free end of the connecting bar II 69 and form a cam engagement. The protrusion 132 overcomes the preload of the spring body 64 and the gravity of the slide bar 62 and the hammer head 63, forcing the connecting bar II 69 to swing downward around the fixed shaft body 65. At this time, through the lever action of the rotating ring body 66, the connecting bar I 67 swings upward synchronously, thereby lifting the slide bar 62 through the U-shaped notch 68. As the drive roller 13 continues to rotate, when the highest point of the protrusion 132 passes the free end of the connecting bar II 69, the supporting force of the protrusion 132 on the connecting bar II 69 disappears instantly. Under the combined action of the compressive potential energy of the spring body 64 and the weight of the hammer head 63, the slide rod 62 drives the hammer head 63 to accelerate downward along the linear bearing and strike the surface of the conveyor belt I 15 below with a powerful blow, shaking off the clay adhering to the conveyor belt. The shaken clay falls to the designated collection area below, realizing automatic cleaning of clay, avoiding the accumulation of clay that affects the conveying efficiency, and preventing clay from returning to the belt and causing equipment failure.

[0072] After the excavation work is completed, first turn off motor II14, motor III45 and each hydraulic cylinder to stop the equipment operation, clean the residual clay in the storage cavity 19, as well as the residual mud on the surface of the desorption mechanism 6 and conveyor belt I15 and conveyor belt II22, to ensure that all components are clean.

[0073] Since this equipment operates in a harsh environment with a lot of mud and water, operators should wash off the visible mud from the equipment after finishing their work, and regularly lubricate and maintain the guide rail 53, gear ring 44 and exposed bearings and other moving parts to ensure smooth operation and service life of the equipment.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A confined space foundation pit excavation system, comprising a conveying mechanism (1) consisting of two frame bodies (11), multiple driven rollers (12), a driving roller (13), a motor II (14), a conveyor belt I (15), and two sets of guide wheels (16), characterized in that, A support body (3) is fixedly connected to the outside of the frame body (11). The bottom of the support body (3) is provided with a steering mechanism (4) for adjusting the direction of the conveying mechanism (1) and a walking mechanism (5) that works with the steering mechanism (4) to make the equipment move smoothly in the soft soil layer. The steering mechanism (4) includes a fixed disc (43) fixedly connected to the support body (3) and driven to rotate by the motor III (45). The walking mechanism (5) includes two sets of hydraulic cylinders I (51) and two bases II (52). The two sets of hydraulic cylinders I (51) are fixedly connected to the support body (3) in pairs. The output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders I (51) on the same side are fixedly connected to the same base II (52) through the connecting plate. When the excavation equipment needs to turn, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder I (51) retracts to drive the base II (52) away from the ground. The bottom of the steering mechanism (4) touches the ground to ensure smooth turning. After the turning is completed, the piston rod extends to make the base II (52) fall to touch the ground to fix the equipment.

2. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driven roller (12) and the driving roller (13) are rotatably connected between the two frame bodies (11). The conveyor belt I (15) is fitted on the driven roller (12) and the driving roller (13). The output end of the motor II (14) is fixedly connected to the driving roller (13) and drives it to rotate. The guide wheel (16) is rotatably connected to one side of the frame body (11) to change the direction of the conveyor belt I (15).

3. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple material-pushing plates (17) and corrugated sidewalls (18) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conveyor belt I (15). Two adjacent material-pushing plates (17) and corrugated sidewalls (18) enclose a material storage cavity (19). The material-pushing plates (17) push the soft soil to be transported, and the corrugated sidewalls (18) prevent the soft soil from sliding off both sides of the conveyor belt I (15).

4. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A sealing assembly (2) is provided between two inclined frame bodies (11) to seal the storage cavity (19) on the conveyor belt I (15) to prevent soft soil from overflowing. The sealing assembly (2) includes two support rollers (21), a conveyor belt II (22), a cover plate (23) and a transmission box (24). The two support rollers (21) are parallel to each other and rotatably connected to the frame body (11). The conveyor belt II (22) is sleeved on the outer wall of the two support rollers (21). The cover plate (23) is located on the outer surface of the conveyor belt II (22) and corresponds to the storage cavity (19). The transmission box (24) is fixedly connected to one side of the frame body (11). Its input end is fixedly connected to the driven roller (12) and its output end is fixedly connected to the support roller (21). The driven roller (12) drives the support roller (21) to rotate synchronously through the transmission box (24), which drives the cover plate (23) to move with the storage cavity (19) to achieve sealing.

5. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer surface of the conveyor belt II (22) is fixedly connected to a rotating seat (25) corresponding to the cover plate body (23). The cover plate body (23) is rotatably connected to the rotating seat body (25) through a pin shaft, and can rotate around the pin shaft to adaptively adjust the angle.

6. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steering mechanism (4) also includes a column (42), a base I (41), a gear ring (44), and a gear body (46). The column (42) is rotatably connected to the top of the fixed disk (43). The base I (41) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column (42) and in contact with the ground. The gear ring (44) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the top of the column (42). The motor III (45) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed disk (43). The gear body (46) is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the motor III (45) and meshes with the gear ring (44). The motor III (45) drives the gear body (46) to rotate, thereby driving the gear ring (44) and the column (42) to rotate to achieve steering. The outer walls of the gear body (46) and the gear ring (44) are fitted with sealing covers (47) to protect the transmission components.

7. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base II (52) is fixedly connected with two sets of parallel and opposite guide rails (53). Two sliding trolleys (54) are provided between the two sets of guide rails (53). Rollers are provided on both sides of the sliding trolleys (54) and roll with the guide rails (53). A ball joint (55) is embedded on the top of the sliding trolleys (54). The ball joint (55) is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder I (51). A connecting rod (56) is fixedly connected between the two sliding trolleys (54). The top of the base II (52) is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder II (57) through a pin. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder II (57) is hinged to the sliding trolley (54) through a pin. When the base II (52) touches the ground and the base I (41) moves away from the ground, the hydraulic cylinder II (57) drives the sliding trolley (54) to move along the guide rails (53) to realize the movement of the equipment.

8. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a desorption mechanism (6), which includes a connecting base plate (61), multiple slide bars (62) and a hammer head (63). The connecting base plate (61) is fixedly connected between two frame bodies (11) and located inside the conveyor belt I (15). The slide bars (62) are slidably connected to the top of the connecting base plate (61). The hammer head (63) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide bars (62) and is in contact with the surface of the conveyor belt I (15). The hammer head (63) is connected to the drive roller (13) for transmission. The drive roller (13) drives the slide bars (62) to move up and down reciprocally to realize automatic cleaning of the clay on the surface of the conveyor belt I (15).

9. The confined space foundation pit excavation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A fixed shaft (65) is fixedly connected between the two frame bodies (11). The outer wall of the fixed shaft (65) is rotatably fitted with a rotating ring (66) corresponding to the slide rod (62). The outer side of the rotating ring (66) is fixedly connected with a horizontally arranged connecting strip I (67) and connecting strip II (69). One end of the connecting strip I (67) is provided with a U-shaped notch (68). The slide rod (62) is located inside the U-shaped notch (68) and its top abuts against the notch. The outer wall of the active roller (13) is provided with an annular groove (131) corresponding to the connecting strip II (69). The annular groove (131) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (132) arranged in a circular array. The outer wall of the slide rod (62) is fitted with a spring body (64). The two ends of the spring body (64) abut against the bottom of the connecting base plate (61) and the top of the hammer head (63) respectively and are in a compressed state. When the protrusion (132) touches the connecting strip II (69) and flips downward, the connecting strip I (67) flips upward, causing the slide bar (62) to rise. After the protrusion (132) disengages, the hammer head (63) falls and strikes the conveyor belt I (15) under the action of its own weight and the potential energy of the spring body (64).

10. A construction method based on the confined space foundation pit excavation system of claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The conveying mechanism (1), sealing assembly (2), support body (3), steering mechanism (4), walking mechanism (5) and desorption mechanism (6) are assembled modularly with bolts, and the debugging of each component is completed to ensure smooth operation. S2. Adjust the height of the support body (3) and the angle of the guide wheel (16), and move the equipment to the construction position through the walking mechanism (5) so that the storage chamber (19) is aligned with the feeding point; S3. Start motor II (14) to drive conveyor belt I (15) and conveyor belt II (22) to run synchronously, pour soft soil into storage cavity (19), cover plate (23) moves with storage cavity (19) to achieve sealing, and push soft soil to be transported by material feeding plate (17); S4. When the excavation equipment needs to be turned, hydraulic cylinder I (51) drives base II (52) to rise, and motor III (45) drives the excavation equipment to turn through fixed disc (43). After that, hydraulic cylinder I (51) is reset and fixed. When the excavation equipment needs to be moved, hydraulic cylinder I (51) drives base I (41) to rise, and hydraulic cylinder II (57) drives sliding trolley (54) to move and drive the excavation equipment to move. S5. When the drive roller (13) rotates, it works with the connecting strip II (69) through the protrusion (132) to drive the hammer head (63) to strike the conveyor belt I (15) up and down, shaking off the clay on the surface of the conveyor belt I (15). S6. After the operation is completed, shut down all power components, clean the equipment of any remaining clay and perform inspection and maintenance, disassemble the parts and transport them out of the confined space.

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