A nano super-hydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant anti-fog film material, an optical lens and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging film material, an optical lens, and its preparation method. It is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 5-10 parts modified nano-SnO2; 30-60 parts modified nano-SiO2; 5-10 parts nano-TiO2; 5-10 parts nano-MgO; 300-450 parts anhydrous ethanol; 1-5 parts adhesion promoter; 0.5-1.5 parts acetic acid; and 300-450 parts deionized water. The preparation method of the optical lens includes the following steps: 1. Substrate pretreatment; 2. Film activation treatment; and 3. Film material treatment. Compared with traditional surface materials, this invention provides a longer-lasting anti-fogging effect under natural conditions, endowing the substrate with excellent anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties while also giving it superior wear resistance and extending its service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional materials technology, and particularly relates to a nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fog film material, an optical lens, and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, functional coating technology has become a research hotspot in recent years. Transparent substrates (such as PC, resin, glass, and plastics) are increasingly widely used in people's daily lives, work, and industry. Optical lenses are an indispensable component in various optical devices. They can be used as lenses for cameras, digital cameras, and microscopes, and also as protective covers for radar and scanning probes, playing different roles depending on the application. As an essential component of machine vision systems, optical lenses directly affect the quality of images and the implementation and effectiveness of algorithms. In daily life, optical lenses are widely used in sunglasses, goggles, and car rearview mirrors.

[0003] However, in high-humidity environments or when there is a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the substrate, many small water droplets will condense on the surface of the substrate, causing fogging, which seriously affects visibility and use. At the same time, the substrate is exposed to air for extended periods during use, making it prone to accumulating dust, water stains, oil stains, and other dirt on its surface. To solve the problems of fogging and dust / stains, functional coatings are currently the primary method used. These coatings construct special nanostructures or chemical layers on the substrate surface to achieve multiple properties such as anti-fogging, anti-fouling, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning. Related patented technologies include the following:

[0004] CN112759277A discloses a method for obtaining a cerium oxide superhydrophilic optical thin film by magnetron sputtering followed by oxygen sintering to remove carbon. When this thin film is deposited on the surface of an optical lens substrate, it does not affect the original lens's optical performance. It can be applied to the surfaces of optical components requiring superhydrophilicity, such as anti-fogging and anti-mildew optical transmission mirrors and reflectors, providing important scientific basis for the development and subsequent maintenance of self-cleaning optical components.

[0005] CN119177035A discloses an anti-fogging, self-cleaning titanium dioxide composite sol coating and its preparation method. Pre-crystallized titanium dioxide nanoparticles are prepared using a sol-gel method. These nanoparticles are then mixed with silica sol to obtain a composite sol, which can form a film on glass and plastic substrates, resulting in a porous coating. Because the titanium dioxide is pre-crystallized and can be uniformly dispersed in aqueous solution, and its surface has a large number of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups, no UV pretreatment or high-temperature calcination is required. After the coating is formed by spraying, dipping, or roller coating, it exhibits superhydrophilic anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties, making it suitable for heat-sensitive plastic surfaces and avoiding damage to plastics caused by high-temperature treatment. The entire process offers advantages such as low cost and large-area processing capability. This invention has strong water resistance, good weather resistance, and excellent adhesion to various material surfaces, making it difficult to peel off.

[0006] CN 120365610 A discloses an anti-reflective, wear-resistant, and nano-hydrophilic anti-fog lens and its preparation method. The method includes: injection molding, ultrasonic deep cleaning, and surface cleaning treatment of the lens to obtain a clean substrate layer; preparing an organosilicon resin curing liquid and coating it on the surface of the substrate layer, curing it to obtain an organosilicon resin layer; preparing a nano-hydrophilic coating; cleaning the surface of the organosilicon resin layer and keeping it dry, then activating it using a plasma device; applying the nano-hydrophilic coating to the activated organosilicon resin layer surface, and then baking it at 40℃-120℃ for 6h-0.5h to obtain a nano-hydrophilic coating. This invention uses a nano-hydrophilic coating containing modified silica to covalently bond with the active groups in the organosilicon resin layer, achieving durable hydrophilic modification of the substrate layer. The water droplet contact angle is less than 6°, exhibiting superhydrophilicity without light exposure. The superhydrophilic groups have low chemical activity, are not easily contaminated, are easy to clean, and have a long service life.

[0007] As can be seen from the aforementioned patented technologies, the main methods for preventing fogging, water damage, and staining on lens or substrate surfaces currently include coatings and plating. While these technologies have improved the fogging problem to some extent, they still have some drawbacks, such as:

[0008] 1. Poor wear resistance. In areas with high temperature and high humidity, the static electricity generated when water vapor is constantly attached to the surface will attract dust at the same time, making the surface easy to get dirty. Repeated wiping can easily damage the superhydrophilic film layer.

[0009] 2. It is not corrosion resistant. When using common cleaning products such as alcohol and dish soap during normal use, the hydrophilic film will be washed away at the same time.

[0010] 3. A thicker film layer with inconsistent uniformity can alter the original imaging standard data of the optical lens.

[0011] In other words, although existing coating and plating methods have improved the self-cleaning performance of substrate surfaces to some extent, static electricity and environmental factors still cannot prevent the adhesion of dust and stains. Repeated wiping can easily damage the functional layer of the surface, and the poor corrosion resistance leads to a short service life. In addition, existing coating and plating technologies cannot guarantee the uniformity of film thickness, so while providing anti-fog, waterproof, and anti-fouling properties to the substrate, they also have a certain impact on the basic optical properties of the substrate.

[0012] In conclusion, how to endow a substrate with excellent anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties while also providing it with superior wear resistance, extending its service life, and effectively ensuring that the substrate's basic optical properties remain unaffected has become a pressing problem for engineers in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fog film material, an optical lens and its preparation method, which endows the substrate with excellent anti-fog and self-cleaning properties, excellent wear resistance, extended service life and effectively ensures that the basic optical properties of the substrate are not affected.

[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging membrane material, characterized in that the membrane material is prepared by thoroughly stirring and mixing the following components in parts by weight:

[0015] 5-10 parts of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide;

[0016] Modified nano-SnO2, 5-10 parts;

[0017] Modified nano-SiO2 30-60 parts;

[0018] 5-10 parts of nano-TiO2;

[0019] 5-10 parts of nano-MgO;

[0020] 300-450 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0021] Adhesion promoter 1-5 parts;

[0022] Acetic acid 0.5–1.5 parts;

[0023] 300-450 parts of deionized water.

[0024] The aforementioned nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight:

[0025] 7 parts of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide;

[0026] 7 parts of modified nano-SnO2;

[0027] 50 parts of modified nano-SiO2;

[0028] 7 parts of nano-TiO2;

[0029] 7 parts of nano-MgO;

[0030] 400 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0031] 3 parts adhesion promoter;

[0032] 1 part acetic acid;

[0033] 400 portions of deionized water.

[0034] The aforementioned nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fog film material uses an adhesion promoter that is a silane coupling agent selected from any one of epoxy silane, amino silane, and methacryloxy silane.

[0035] The aforementioned nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging film material has the following characteristics: the nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide has a particle size of 30-50 nm, the modified nano-SnO2 has an average particle size of 20 nm, the modified nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 20-50 nm, the nano-TiO2 has a particle size of <5 nm, and the nano-MgO has a particle size of 30-50 nm.

[0036] The above-mentioned nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared as follows: at a constant temperature of 6-15℃, modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid in parts by weight. After stirring until fully dissolved, modified nano-SnO2 is added. After stirring until fully dissolved, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, and deionized water is added simultaneously. After stirring for 1-5 hours, an adhesion promoter is added and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type membrane material with a pH of 4-6. The material is then stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

[0037] A method for manufacturing an optical lens includes the following steps:

[0038] I. Substrate Pretreatment:

[0039] (1) Clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner until it is free of dust and oil, and dry it in an oven at 50°C.

[0040] II. Membrane Activation Treatment

[0041] (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating;

[0042] (3) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 180-300W, frequency 200Hz, time 2-5min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°;

[0043] (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry.

[0044] III. Membrane Material Processing:

[0045] (5) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (4) into the above-mentioned film material, soak it at a constant temperature of 6-10℃ for 5 seconds, and then take it out;

[0046] (6) Place the substrate obtained in step (5) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

[0047] In the above-mentioned method for preparing an optical lens, step (3) has a power of 220W and a time of 4min.

[0048] The above-described method for fabricating optical lenses involves a secondary film activation treatment following the film activation treatment in step two. The specific steps are as follows:

[0049] The substrate dried in step (4) is placed back into the vacuum coating chamber for secondary vacuum coating. The temperature of the vacuum coating chamber is set to 30-60℃, the vacuum is evacuated to 25kPa-30kPa, and 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon are introduced. The oxygen flow rate is 100sccm and the nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm. The surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) is bombarded with an ion beam for secondary activation treatment. The power is 100W, the frequency is 200Hz, and the time is 2min. A more uniform secondary hardened activation layer is obtained. The thickness of the secondary hardened activation layer is 50nm and the water contact angle is 1-5°.

[0050] In the above-mentioned method for manufacturing optical lenses, the substrate is any one of PC, resin, and glass, and the surface hardness is ≥2H.

[0051] An optical lens is prepared by the above-described method. When placed outdoors for 30 minutes at 25°C and 60% humidity in a sunny weather environment, the optical lens has a water contact angle of 2-5° and a surface hardness of 2H-6H.

[0052] The advantages of this invention—a nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fog film material, an optical lens, and its preparation method—are as follows: The substrate undergoes two vacuum deposition chamber activation treatments to obtain a uniform nano-scale activated layer. Numerous uniform nano-scale pores are constructed on the substrate surface, allowing the film material solution to uniformly fill these pores. This forms a filling structure perpendicular to the substrate surface with a certain depth, resulting in a sufficiently strong and wear-resistant coating layer. Compared to traditional surface-only coating methods, this significantly extends the service life. Furthermore, the nano-scale filling method does not affect the original imaging characteristics of the optical lens. It fully integrates with oxide materials such as nano-silica, maintaining surface hardness without decrease; in some cases, it even improves. The surface water contact angle remains consistently stable at 1–5°, exhibiting excellent self-cleaning performance without degradation. The film layer, achieved through a hardening process, exhibits good stability and remains unchanged under normal storage for 3–5 years. The addition of antistatic nanomaterials effectively prevents dust adsorption on the surface, ensuring the anti-fog effect is maintained even with excessive dust accumulation. Compared to traditional surface materials, the anti-fog effect lasts longer under natural conditions. This gives the substrate excellent anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties, while also providing it with superior wear resistance and extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the glass material optical lens obtained in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the substrate surface after a single film activation treatment in Example 3;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the substrate surface after secondary film activation treatment in Example 3;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an untreated ordinary substrate surface;

[0057] Figure 5 Test diagrams of water contact angles on untreated surfaces of different materials;

[0058] Figure 6 This is a water contact angle test diagram after the first membrane activation treatment in Example 3;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a water contact angle test diagram after the secondary membrane activation treatment in Example 3;

[0060] Figure 8 The image shows a test result of the stain removal performance of the glass material optical lens prepared in Example 3.

[0061] Figure 9 The image shows a salt spray test result of the glass material optical lens prepared in Example 3.

[0062] Figure 10 The image shows the alcohol-wiping anti-fogging test result of the glass material optical lens prepared in Example 3.

[0063] Figure 11 The image shows the Zernike polynomial aberration of the glass material optical lens obtained in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0065] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions of the device in its actual use or operating state, specifically the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings; while "inner" and "outer" refer to the outline of the device. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". The terms first, second, third, etc., are used merely as illustrative purposes and do not impose numerical requirements or establish an order. The term "multiple" means "two or more".

[0066] A nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight:

[0067] The preparation process is as follows: 5-10 parts of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 5-10 parts of modified nano-SnO2; 30-60 parts of modified nano-SiO2; 5-10 parts of nano-TiO2; 5-10 parts of nano-MgO; 300-450 parts of anhydrous ethanol; 1-5 parts of adhesion promoter; 0.5-1.5 parts of acetic acid; and 300-450 parts of deionized water. The modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid at a constant temperature of 6-15℃ by weight. After thorough dissolution, modified nano-SnO2 is added, followed by further dissolution. Then, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, along with deionized water. After stirring for 1-5 hours, the adhesion promoter is added and the mixture is allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type film material with a pH of 4-6. This solution is then stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

[0068] The adhesion promoter is a silane coupling agent, selected from any one of epoxy silanes, amino silanes, and methacryloxy silanes. It is suitable for glass, ceramics, metals, glass fiber composites, and water-based systems, and has advantages such as chemical bonding, water resistance, and excellent weather resistance.

[0069] The nano-sized aluminum-doped zinc oxide of this invention has a particle size of 30-50 nm and was purchased from Zhejiang Zhitai Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. Its main function is to enhance the antistatic properties of the lens surface under high temperature and humidity conditions, making the film layer less prone to dust adhesion. Specific parameters are as follows:

[0070] model ZT-AZO Components <![CDATA[ZnO :Al203=95% :5%]]> Appearance White powder Particle size (nm) 30-50 purity(%) ≥99.5 <![CDATA[Specific surface area (m 2 / g)]]> 15-30 Resistivity (Ω·cm) <![CDATA[10 6 -10 8 ]]>

[0071] The modified nano-SnO2, with an average particle size of 20nm, was purchased from Zhejiang Zhitai Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. It exhibits good wear resistance, dispersibility, and safety, strong antistatic ability, and excellent weather resistance. Its main function is to enhance the antistatic ability of lens surfaces under relatively low temperature and low humidity conditions, preventing dust adhesion to the film layer. Specific parameters are as follows:

[0072] model VK-G06 Appearance blue powder pH value 4.0-7.0 Average particle size (nm) 20 purity(%) ≥99.9 Resistivity (Ω·cm) <![CDATA[10 6 -10 8 ]]> Heat resistance (°C) 1100 <![CDATA[Average particle size (m 2 / g)]]> 45-75 <![CDATA[Bulk density (g / cm 3 )]]> 1.01

[0073] The modified nano-SiO2, with a particle size of 20-50 nm, was purchased from Zhejiang Zhitai Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. It exhibits excellent anti-aging and high-temperature resistance properties, and improves the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the film layer. Specific parameters are as follows:

[0074] project index model VK-SP20 Appearance White powder Particle size (nm) 20-50 Nano silica content (%) 99-99.8 Nano titanium dioxide content (%) 0.2-1 <![CDATA[Specific surface area (m 2 / g)]]> 180±50 pH value 6-8

[0075] The nano-TiO2 particles, with a diameter <5nm, were purchased from Zhejiang Zhitai Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. The nano-titanium dioxide film exhibits a hardness of 7-9 (H), strong adhesion, and enhances film hardness. It can absorb ultraviolet light, decompose organic matter, and possesses superhydrophilic properties, enabling it to function as a self-cleaning and anti-fouling agent. Specific parameters are as follows:

[0076] Crystal form Anatase Powder Appearance White to pale yellow powder Appearance of powder dissolved in water White to translucent liquid Particle size <5nm purity 99.9% <![CDATA[Specific surface area, m 2 / g]]> 150-300 pH value 2-4 Loss on drying 105°C 2H (%) ≤ 1 Loss on ignition (%) ≤ 3 Surface properties Water

[0077] The nano-MgO particles, with a diameter of 30-50 nm, were purchased from Zhejiang Zhitai Nanomaterials Co., Ltd. Nano-MgO can be mixed with other nanomaterials as a binder, additive, and corrosion inhibitor in raw materials. Specific parameters are as follows:

[0078] model VK-Mg30 Appearance White powder Particle size 30-50nm Specific surface area m2 / g 10-30 content 99.9 Loss on ignition 1-9

[0079] A method for manufacturing an optical lens includes the following steps:

[0080] I. Substrate Pretreatment:

[0081] (1) Clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner until it is free of dust and oil, and dry it in an oven at 50°C.

[0082] II. Membrane Activation Treatment

[0083] (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating;

[0084] (3) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 180-300W, frequency 200Hz, time 2-5min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°;

[0085] (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry.

[0086] III. Secondary film activation treatment

[0087] (5) Place the substrate dried in step (4) back into the vacuum coating chamber for a second vacuum coating.

[0088] (6) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate the vacuum to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) with ion beam for secondary activation treatment, power 100W, frequency 200Hz, time 2min, to obtain a more uniform secondary hardened activation layer, the thickness of the secondary hardened activation layer is 50nm, and the water contact angle is 1-5°;

[0089] IV. Membrane material treatment:

[0090] (7) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (6) into the solution-type film material prepared in this invention, soak it at a constant temperature of 6-10℃ for 5 seconds, and then take it out;

[0091] (8) Place the substrate obtained in step (7) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

[0092] The substrate used in this invention is any one of PC, resin, or glass, with a surface hardness ≥2H. When the optical lens is placed outdoors for 30 minutes in sunny weather at 25℃ and 60% humidity, the water contact angle is 2-5°, and the surface hardness is 2H~6H.

[0093] In this invention, the introduction of oxygen and argon gas during the film activation treatment and secondary film activation treatment is an important means to achieve the mechanism of "clean substrate + nano-roughness + polar groups," and is a key process step to improve film adhesion. Specifically, as follows:

[0094] I. Core Structure: Atomic-level cleanliness + microscopic roughness + polar functionalization

[0095] After surface activation using a pure oxygen + pure argon coating machine, a three-layer structure (from the inside out) is formed on the lens surface:

[0096] 1. Clean substrate layer: Thoroughly remove organic contaminants, release agents, and weak boundary layers to expose an atomically flat matrix lattice (glass / SiO2 / resin).

[0097] 2. Nanoscale roughening layer: Ar⁺ physical bombardment forms nanoscale bumps / grooves (1-50nm), increasing the specific surface area and providing mechanical anchoring.

[0098] 3. Polar functional group layer: O· free radicals are grafted onto the surface with **-OH (hydroxyl group), -COOH (carboxyl group), and C=O (carbonyl group), which greatly increases the surface energy (from hydrophobic to hydrophilic).

[0099] II. Division of labor between the two gases (determining the structure)

[0100] - Argon (Ar): Inert, its main physical function.

[0101] - Ionizes to Ar⁺, high-energy bombardment → etching / sputtering → forming a nano-rough surface and removing loose impurities.

[0102] - Oxygen (O2): Reactive, primary chemical reaction.

[0103] - Dissociation into O· and ·OH → oxidation of organic pollutants → generation of CO2 and H2O which are then removed; simultaneously grafting of oxygen-containing polar groups → chemical bonding sites.

[0104] III. Final Interface Structure (Ideal State Before Coating)

[0105] - Glass lens: The surface is a SiO2 lattice with nano-roughness and high-density -OH, which forms Si-O-Si covalent bonds with the subsequent SiO2 / TiO2 film.

[0106] - Resin lenses: The surface consists of a CC main chain + nano-pits + a large number of -OH / -COOH, which form a dual combination of covalent bonds and mechanical interlocking with the film layer.

[0107] The present application will be specifically described below through specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0108] Example 1:

[0109] A nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 5 parts modified nano-SnO2; 30 parts modified nano-SiO2; 5 parts nano-TiO2; 5 parts nano-MgO; 300 parts anhydrous ethanol; 1 part epoxy silane; 0.5 parts acetic acid; and 300 parts deionized water.

[0110] Among them, the particle size of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide is 30-50nm, the average particle size of modified nano-SnO2 is 20nm, the particle size of modified nano-SiO2 is 20-50nm, the particle size of nano-TiO2 is <5nm, and the particle size of nano-MgO is 30-50nm.

[0111] The preparation process of this membrane material is as follows: at a constant temperature of 6-15℃, modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid in parts by weight. After stirring until fully dissolved, modified nano-SnO2 is added. After stirring until fully dissolved, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, and deionized water is added simultaneously. After stirring for 1-5 hours, an adhesion promoter is added and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type membrane material with a pH of 4-6. The membrane material is then stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

[0112] A method for manufacturing an optical lens includes the following steps:

[0113] I. Substrate Pretreatment:

[0114] (1) Select PC lens (polycarbonate, surface hardness 2H) as the substrate. Clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner to ensure it is free of dust and oil. Dry it in an oven at 50°C.

[0115] II. Membrane Activation Treatment

[0116] (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating;

[0117] (3) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 180W, frequency 200Hz, time 5min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°;

[0118] (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry.

[0119] III. Secondary film activation treatment:

[0120] (5) Place the substrate dried in step (4) back into the vacuum coating chamber for a second vacuum coating.

[0121] (6) Set the temperature of the vacuum coating chamber to 30-60℃, evacuate the vacuum to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, with an oxygen flow rate of 100sccm and a nitrogen flow rate of 40sccm, and bombard the surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) with an ion beam for secondary activation treatment, with a power of 100W, a frequency of 200Hz, and a time of 2min, to obtain a more uniform secondary hardened activation layer with a thickness of 50nm and a water contact angle of 1-5°.

[0122] IV. Membrane material treatment:

[0123] (7) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (6) into the solution-type film material prepared in this invention, soak it at a constant temperature of 6-10℃ for 5 seconds, and then take it out;

[0124] (8) Place the substrate obtained in step (7) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

[0125] The PC material optical lens prepared in this embodiment, when placed outdoors for 30 minutes in sunny weather at 25°C and 60% humidity, has a water contact angle of 5° and a surface hardness of 2H to 3H.

[0126] Example 2:

[0127] A nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 7 parts modified nano-SnO2; 50 parts modified nano-SiO2; 7 parts nano-TiO2; 7 parts nano-MgO; 400 parts anhydrous ethanol; 3 parts aminosilane; 1 part acetic acid; and 400 parts deionized water.

[0128] Among them, the particle size of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide is 30-50nm, the average particle size of modified nano-SnO2 is 20nm, the particle size of modified nano-SiO2 is 20-50nm, the particle size of nano-TiO2 is <5nm, and the particle size of nano-MgO is 30-50nm.

[0129] The preparation process of this membrane material is as follows: at a constant temperature of 6-15℃, modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid in parts by weight. After stirring until fully dissolved, modified nano-SnO2 is added. After stirring until fully dissolved, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, and deionized water is added simultaneously. After stirring for 1-5 hours, an adhesion promoter is added and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type membrane material with a pH of 4-6. The membrane material is then stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

[0130] A method for manufacturing an optical lens includes the following steps:

[0131] I. Substrate Pretreatment:

[0132] (1) Select resin material for substrate (surface hardness 3H~4H), clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner to ensure it is free of dust and oil, and dry it in an oven at 50℃.

[0133] II. Membrane Activation Treatment

[0134] (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating;

[0135] (3) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 220W, frequency 200Hz, time 4min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°;

[0136] (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry.

[0137] III. Secondary film activation treatment:

[0138] (5) Place the substrate dried in step (4) back into the vacuum coating chamber for a second vacuum coating.

[0139] (6) Set the temperature of the vacuum coating chamber to 30-60℃, evacuate the vacuum to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, with an oxygen flow rate of 100sccm and a nitrogen flow rate of 40sccm, and bombard the surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) with an ion beam for secondary activation treatment, with a power of 100W, a frequency of 200Hz, and a time of 2min, to obtain a more uniform secondary hardened activation layer with a thickness of 50nm and a water contact angle of 1-5°.

[0140] IV. Membrane material treatment:

[0141] (7) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (6) into the solution-type film material prepared in this invention, soak it at a constant temperature of 6-10℃ for 5 seconds, and then take it out;

[0142] (8) Place the substrate obtained in step (7) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

[0143] The resin material optical lens prepared in this embodiment, when placed outdoors for 30 minutes in sunny weather at 25°C and 60% humidity, has a water contact angle of 3° and a surface hardness of 3H to 4H.

[0144] Example 3:

[0145] A nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 10 parts modified nano-SnO2; 60 parts modified nano-SiO2; 10 parts nano-TiO2; 10 parts nano-MgO; 450 parts anhydrous ethanol; 5 parts methacryloxysilane; 1.5 parts acetic acid; and 450 parts deionized water.

[0146] Among them, the particle size of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide is 30-50nm, the average particle size of modified nano-SnO2 is 20nm, the particle size of modified nano-SiO2 is 20-50nm, the particle size of nano-TiO2 is <5nm, and the particle size of nano-MgO is 30-50nm.

[0147] The preparation process of this membrane material is as follows: at a constant temperature of 6-15℃, modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid in parts by weight. After stirring until fully dissolved, modified nano-SnO2 is added. After stirring until fully dissolved, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, and deionized water is added simultaneously. After stirring for 1-5 hours, an adhesion promoter is added and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type membrane material with a pH of 4-6. The membrane material is then stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

[0148] A method for manufacturing an optical lens includes the following steps:

[0149] I. Substrate Pretreatment:

[0150] (1) Select glass material as substrate (surface hardness 5-6H), clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner to ensure it is free of dust and oil, and dry it in an oven at 50°C.

[0151] II. Membrane Activation Treatment

[0152] (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating;

[0153] (3) Set the temperature of the vacuum coating chamber to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 300W, frequency 200Hz, time 2min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°;

[0154] (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry.

[0155] III. Secondary film activation treatment:

[0156] (5) Place the substrate dried in step (4) back into the vacuum coating chamber for a second vacuum coating.

[0157] (6) Set the temperature of the vacuum coating chamber to 30-60℃, evacuate the vacuum to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, with an oxygen flow rate of 100sccm and a nitrogen flow rate of 40sccm, and bombard the surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) with an ion beam for secondary activation treatment, with a power of 100W, a frequency of 200Hz, and a time of 2min, to obtain a more uniform secondary hardened activation layer with a thickness of 50nm and a water contact angle of 1-5°.

[0158] IV. Membrane material treatment:

[0159] (7) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (6) into the solution-type film material prepared in this invention, soak it at a constant temperature of 6-10℃ for 5 seconds, and then take it out;

[0160] (8) Place the substrate obtained in step (7) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

[0161] The glass optical lens prepared in this embodiment, when placed outdoors for 30 minutes in sunny weather at 25°C and 60% humidity, has a water contact angle of 2° and a surface hardness of 5H to 6H.

[0162] Example 4

[0163] This invention can also achieve a super-hydrophilic, self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fog film layer on the surface of a metal substrate by adjusting the coating machine process.

[0164] Plasma-activated cross-sectional structure of a metal substrate (stainless steel / titanium / aluminum) (from top to bottom: plasma → surface → substrate), plasma (O2 + Ar, commonly: Ar as the main component + a small amount of O2). The specific structure is shown below:

[0165] Plasma: Surface oxidation activation layer (1-5nm); Metal oxide (MO) x FeO x TiO x AlO x Rich in -OH and -O polar groups, with high bonding activity; Surface: Nano-clean roughened layer (5-20nm); Slight Ar ion etching: Micro-bumps and depressions, no deep trenches; Only removes oil / oxide scale, without damaging the metal flatness; Dense metal grain boundary layer (no loose weak boundaries); No organic weak boundary layer, extremely high bulk strength; Substrate: Metal bulk (crystal structure, rigid and dense).

[0166] Structural characteristics: almost no weak boundary layer (completely different from resin); extremely shallow roughening, mainly activated by oxidation (close to glass, but more wear-resistant); bonding strength: chemical bonds (MOM / Si-OM) + extremely weak mechanical anchoring; metal: shallow micro-roughening, light etching, oxide layer dominant, strong chemical bonding. Therefore, this invention can also be used for hydrophilic, self-cleaning, and wear-resistant treatment of metal substrates. Specific process steps and parameters can be controlled according to the physicochemical properties of the metal used.

[0167] The performance test results of the glass material optical lens obtained in Example 3 of this invention are as follows:

[0168] 1. Surface morphology

[0169] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the dense hardened layer formed on the substrate surface after the first activation treatment exhibits a clearly uneven morphology and a rough surface. Although the hardness meets the requirements, it easily leads to an uneven final coating surface during the impregnation of the film material, affecting optical performance. The substrate surface after the second activation treatment undergoes low-power bombardment, which reconstructs the surface rather than etches it, removing the weak binders remaining from the first activation, homogenizing the distribution of functional groups in the previous layer, and further reducing the water contact angle to 1-5°. This provides an atomically smooth, high-density active site bonding interface for subsequent coatings. Figure 1 As can be seen, the final optical lens surface is continuous and flat, meeting the basic requirements of an optical lens.

[0170] 2. Wear resistance.

[0171] The test results using the national standard pencil hardness test method are shown in the table below:

[0172] Pencil hardness frequency Number of obvious scratches HB 100 0 1H 100 0 2H 100 0 3H 100 5～8 4H 100 20～30

[0173] As can be seen from the table, the optical lens produced by this invention has high hardness. After 100 surface scratches by a 2H pencil test, no obvious scratches were found, which proves that the invention has ultra-high hardness performance and can significantly extend the service life compared with ordinary optical lenses.

[0174] 3. Super hydrophilic properties.

[0175] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the surface of the untreated substrate exhibits obvious unevenness and a large water contact angle. The water contact angle varies depending on the material, but none of them meet the basic requirements for hydrophilicity in optical lenses. Figure 6-7 As shown, after the first film activation treatment, the measured water contact angle of the substrate is significantly reduced compared to the untreated substrate, and the angles on both sides are consistent. After the second film activation treatment, the substrate has a contact angle of 5°, exhibiting significant superhydrophilic properties. In this state, water molecules and surface energy levels are highly matched, preventing droplets from forming spheres and instead causing them to rapidly spread into a continuous, uniform nanoscale water film. This avoids water vapor condensing into micron-sized scattering droplets on the surface, eliminates light scattering paths, and maintains good light transmission clarity.

[0176] 4. Self-cleaning performance.

[0177] like Figure 8 As shown, markings on the glass surface are easily wiped off without leaving any residue, demonstrating the easy-to-clean properties of the optical lens prepared by this invention. Due to the superhydrophilic surface formed by the 2-5° water contact angle on the glass surface, water molecules and surface energy levels are highly matched in this state. Droplets cannot form spheres but rapidly spread into a continuous, uniform nanoscale water film. When water flows along the surface with low resistance, it physically removes contaminants such as dust, grease, and inorganic salts through a "capillary adsorption-encapsulation-rinsing" mechanism, achieving scrubbing-free cleaning. Therefore, when ordinary dust is adsorbed or adhered to the surface, it is easier to wipe off without vigorous wiping, while also effectively protecting the surface, reducing the risk of scratches, and improving service life.

[0178] 5. Anti-fog performance.

[0179] like Figure 9 As shown, after 1000 hours of salt spray testing, the water contact angle of the glass surface remained stable at 1–5°. Figure 10 As shown, after 2000–20000 wiping tests, no fogging occurred at 50°C and 80°C for 300 seconds. This is because the water molecules and surface energy levels are highly matched, preventing droplets from forming spheres and instead causing them to rapidly spread into a continuous, uniform nanoscale water film. This demonstrates the excellent anti-fogging performance of this invention.

[0180] 6. Optical imaging performance.

[0181] like Figure 11 As shown, these three figures illustrate Zernike polynomial aberration diagrams, used to visually represent wavefront aberrations in optical systems (such as the human eye or lenses). Each colored disk in the diagram represents a specific aberration pattern, and the color coding (red, green, and blue) indicates the "fluctuation" of the wavefront relative to the ideal state: Our invention, using progressive lenses with three designs requiring high optical imaging precision, resulted in no change in image quality after adding the coating layer of this patent. Red / orange: Represents a "convex" wavefront, meaning that this portion of the light focuses too early. Blue / green: Represents a "concave" wavefront, meaning that this portion of the light focuses too late. Green: Typically represents the intermediate transition region. This demonstrates that while the present invention imparts wear resistance, self-cleaning, and anti-fog properties to the optical lens, the substrate still possesses excellent optical performance.

[0182] This invention achieves its effect by combining solution-based film materials with a specific preparation process. The specific mechanism of action is as follows:

[0183] 1. Regarding solution-based membrane materials:

[0184] The mechanism of the nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fog film material of this invention is to achieve a three-in-one functional integration of "anti-fog—self-cleaning—wear resistance" through the synergistic effect of multi-component nanomaterials at the microstructure and surface chemistry levels. Its core mechanism can be decomposed into the following four levels:

[0185] I. Super-hydrophilic anti-fog mechanism: Water molecules "spread" rather than "condense"

[0186] Modified nano-SiO2 (30-60 parts) is the core carrier for superhydrophilicity. Its surface is rich in hydroxyl groups (-OH), which form a dense three-dimensional inorganic network through the sol-gel process, reducing the water contact angle to <10°. When water vapor is cooled, it does not form light-scattering droplets, but spreads evenly into a transparent water film, completely eliminating fog.

[0187] Nano-TiO2 (5-10 parts) undergoes a photo-induced hydrophilic effect under ultraviolet light (natural light containing trace amounts of UV): basic hydroxyl groups (-OH) are generated on the surface, further enhancing hydrophilicity and forming a dual-driven hydrophilic system with SiO2, significantly improving anti-fog durability.

[0188] Although nano-Azo (aluminum-doped zinc oxide, 5-10 parts) does not have strong photocatalytic activity, its high transparency and conductivity can stabilize the surface charge distribution, inhibit local water droplet aggregation, and help the TiO2 / SiO2 system achieve a more uniform water film distribution.

[0189] The essence of anti-fog is not "water removal", but "water control" – transforming from a hydrophobic state (water droplets) with a contact angle >90° to a superhydrophilic state (water film) with a contact angle <10°.

[0190] II. Photocatalytic self-cleaning mechanism: dual removal of pollutants through "decomposition + flushing"

[0191] Nano-TiO2 is a self-cleaning "chemical engine": it generates electron-hole pairs under light, catalyzing the generation of active oxygen, mineralizing organic stains (grease, sweat, cosmetics) into CO2 and H2O, thus achieving chemical degradation.

[0192] Modified nano-SnO2 (5-10 parts) forms a heterojunction structure with TiO2, which promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers, improves photocatalytic efficiency by more than 30%, and extends the active life.

[0193] The superhydrophilic surface (dominated by SiO2) allows the degradation residues to be easily washed away by water flow, forming a closed loop of "decomposition-rinsing" without the need for manual wiping.

[0194] The essence of self-cleaning is not "wiping it off", but "dissolving and rinsing it away" – the synergistic effect of photocatalytic oxidation and superhydrophilic flushing.

[0195] III. Super Wear-Resistant Mechanism: The "Rigid Skeleton" Supported by Inorganic Network

[0196] Modified nano-SiO2 and modified nano-SnO2 together construct a high-density, high-hardness inorganic ceramic network, with a film hardness of over 9H (compared to 6H for ordinary glass), significantly resisting scratches from fingernails, fabrics, and dust particles.

[0197] SnO2's tetragonal crystal structure and high melting point (>1630℃) endow the film with excellent thermal stability and resistance to deformation, making it less prone to cracking or peeling under repeated friction.

[0198] Although nano-MgO (5-10 parts) does not have direct wear resistance, its alkalinity can neutralize the local acidity in the acetic acid system, stabilize the pH of the sol, promote the uniform co-deposition of each component, reduce micro-defects, and indirectly improve the density and mechanical integrity of the film.

[0199] The essence of wear resistance: not "thick coating", but "dense structure" - inorganic nanoframework replaces organic polymers to achieve ceramic-like hardness.

[0200] IV. Adhesion and Film Formation Mechanisms: Precise Regulation of Sol-Gel and Interfacial Bonding

[0201] Components Function Mechanism of action Acetic acid (0.5-1.5 parts) Slow-release catalyst <![CDATA[Control the hydrolysis rate of TiO2, SnO2, and SiO2 precursors to avoid rapid gelation and ensure the stability and uniformity of the sol]]> Anhydrous ethanol (300-450 parts) low surface tension solvents Reduces the surface tension of the system, promotes the dispersion of nanoparticles, prevents agglomeration, and improves coating uniformity. Deionized water (300-450 parts) reaction medium Provides the water required for hydrolysis and condensation, forming inorganic networks such as Si-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti. Adhesion promoter (1-5 parts) Interface Bridge It is highly likely to be a silane coupling agent (such as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane): one end reacts with the –OH group on the surface of the nanoparticles, and the other end forms a covalent bond with the –OH or –COOH group on the surface of PC / resin / glass, achieving a strong bond between the "inorganic film and the organic substrate".

[0202] The essence of adhesion: not "pasting", but "bonding" - chemical bond anchoring ensures that the film layer does not fall off under long-term use and temperature and humidity changes.

[0203] V. Overview of Synergistic Effects: The "Structure-Function Integration" Design with Triple Functions

[0204] Functional dimensions core components hierarchical level of action Implementation Anti-fog <![CDATA[SiO2+ TiO2+Azo]]> Surface wettability regulation Superhydrophilic film layer → Water film spreading Self-cleaning <![CDATA[TiO2+SnO2]]> Surface chemical reactions Photocatalytic decomposition + water flushing Wear-resistant <![CDATA[SiO2+SnO2]]> bulk structure enhancement Inorganic ceramic network → 9H hardness Attachment Silane coupling agent Interfacial chemical bonding Covalent bonded substrate Film formation Acetic acid / ethanol / water Sol-gel kinetics Slow-release hydrolysis → uniform and dense membrane

[0205] This material achieves molecular-level composite of nano-components through the sol-gel method, ultimately forming a multifunctional inorganic film layer that combines ceramic hardness, photocatalytic activity, and a superhydrophilic surface. It overcomes the limitations of traditional anti-fog agents in terms of "temporary" and "easily worn" properties, making it suitable for high-requirement applications such as eyeglasses, goggles, automotive glass, and medical device lenses.

[0206] 2. Regarding the preparation process:

[0207] The mechanism by which this invention achieves synergistic improvement in anti-fogging, self-cleaning, wear resistance, and optical performance can be systematically summarized into the following four synergistic physicochemical mechanisms:

[0208] 1. Anti-fogging and self-cleaning mechanism of superhydrophilic surfaces

[0209] Ultimately, the water contact angle decreases to 2-5°, forming a superhydrophilic surface. In this state, the water molecules and surface energy levels are highly matched, preventing droplets from forming spheres and instead causing them to rapidly spread into a continuous, uniform nanoscale water film. This water film has the following dual functions:

[0210] Anti-fog: Prevents water vapor from condensing into micron-sized scattering droplets on the surface, eliminating light scattering paths and maintaining clear light transmission;

[0211] Self-cleaning: When water flows along the surface with low resistance, it physically removes contaminants such as dust, grease, and inorganic salts through a "capillary adsorption-encapsulation-rinsing" mechanism, achieving cleaning without scrubbing. This mechanism is consistent with the industrial application principle of self-cleaning glass in shower rooms (contact angle 1-5°), and belongs to the physical-dominated self-cleaning type, requiring no photocatalysis or chemical reaction.

[0212] 2. Construction of a hardened activation layer by dual-stage ion beam bombardment

[0213] The ion beam treatment in the two vacuum coating processes is not a simple repetition, but a layered functional design:

[0214] Primary activation (180-300W): High-energy argon ions (Ar) +Physical sputtering removes organic residues and oxides from the substrate surface. At the same time, oxygen free radicals (·O) react with the CH and Si-O bonds on the PC / resin / glass surface to introduce a large number of -OH and -COOH polar functional groups, significantly increasing the surface energy. Argon ion bombardment induces the rearrangement of surface atoms to form a dense hardened layer of 40-50nm, increasing the hardness from ≥2H to over 4H.

[0215] Secondary activation (100W): Low-power bombardment is a surface reconstruction rather than etching, which only removes the weak binding residues left by the primary activation, homogenizes the distribution of functional groups in the previous layer, and further reduces the water contact angle to 1-5°, providing an atomically flat and high-density active site binding interface for subsequent coatings.

[0216] 3. Low-temperature immersion and gradient curing form a nano-crosslinked hydrophilic membrane.

[0217] Although the "film material" used in steps (7)-(8) is not explicitly stated, based on the combination of the 6-10℃ low-temperature immersion for 5s and the two-step curing process of 35℃→50℃, it can be inferred that it is a siloxane precursor solution (such as TEOS, fluorosiloxane, or PFPE derivatives):

[0218] Low-temperature immersion: inhibits solvent evaporation, allowing small molecule precursors to be slowly and uniformly adsorbed onto the hydroxyl sites on the surface of the activated layer;

[0219] Gradient curing: At 35℃, silanol (Si-OH) condensation is promoted to form a preliminary Si-O-Si network. At 50℃, deep cross-linking is completed, constructing a nano-coating with a thickness of approximately 50nm and a three-dimensional network structure. This coating is anchored to the substrate through covalent bonds (Si-O-Si), achieving a "film-like" bond. This coating combines high transparency (nanostructure size << visible light wavelength 400-700nm) with low surface energy components (such as fluorosilicone segments), achieving a paradoxical balance between wear resistance and light transmission.

[0220] 4. The dual-layer synergistic structure achieves a balance between wear resistance and optical performance.

[0221] This invention achieves a performance leap through a two-layer structure of "hardened activation layer + nano-crosslinked hydrophilic membrane":

[0222] Functional dimensions Hardened activation layer (40-50nm) Nano-hydrophilic (~50nm) Synergistic effect Increased hardness Ion bombardment densification, achieving a hardness of 4-6H. Siloxane networks provide a rigid framework Surface hardness increased from 2H to 6H, resulting in a 300% improvement in scratch resistance. Abrasion resistance Inhibit plastic deformation of substrate Si-O-Si network resists frictional shear It retains its hydrophilicity even after 250,000 friction tests. Optical performance No light scattering defects Nanoscale thickness and homogeneous structure Light transmittance loss <1%, no increase in haze Durability Atomic bonding with substrate Covalent bond anchoring, resistant to hydrolysis It maintains a stable contact angle of 2-5° even after 30 minutes at 60% humidity. Functional dimensions Hardened activation layer (40-50nm) Nano-hydrophilic (~50nm) Synergistic effect Increased hardness Ion bombardment densification, achieving a hardness of 4-6H. Siloxane networks provide a rigid framework Surface hardness increased from 2H to 6H, resulting in a 300% improvement in scratch resistance.

[0223] This invention breaks through the traditional bottleneck of balancing "hardness and light transmission". Its core lies in the nanoscale structural design and chemical bonding interface engineering, which enables the surface to simultaneously possess liquid-like lubricity (low friction) and glass-like rigidity (high hardness), achieving a revolutionary surface performance of "combining rigidity and flexibility".

[0224] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging membrane material, characterized in that, The membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; Modified nano-SnO2, 5-10 parts; Modified nano-SiO2 30-60 parts; 5-10 parts of nano-TiO2; 5-10 parts of nano-MgO; 300-450 parts of anhydrous ethanol; Adhesion promoter 1-5 parts; Acetic acid 0.5–1.5 parts; 300-450 parts of deionized water.

2. The nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane material is prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide; 7 parts of modified nano-SnO2; 50 parts of modified nano-SiO2; 7 parts of nano-TiO2; 7 parts of nano-MgO; 400 parts of anhydrous ethanol; 3 parts adhesion promoter; 1 part acetic acid; 400 portions of deionized water.

3. The nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning wear-resistant and anti-fogging film material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The adhesion promoter is a silane coupling agent, selected from any one of epoxy silane, amino silane, and methacryloxy silane.

4. The nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging film material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide has a particle size of 30-50 nm, the modified nano-SnO2 has an average particle size of 20 nm, the modified nano-SiO2 has a particle size of 20-50 nm, the nano-TiO2 has a particle size of <5 nm, and the nano-MgO has a particle size of 30-50 nm.

5. The nano-superhydrophilic self-cleaning, wear-resistant, and anti-fogging film material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation process of the membrane material is as follows: at a constant temperature of 6-15℃, modified nano-SiO2 is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and acetic acid in parts by weight. After stirring until fully dissolved, modified nano-SnO2 is added. After stirring until fully dissolved, nano-aluminum-doped zinc oxide, nano-TiO2, and nano-MgO are added, and deionized water is added simultaneously. After stirring for 1-5 hours, an adhesion promoter is added and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a solution-type membrane material with a pH of 4-6. The membrane material is stored at a constant temperature of 6-10℃.

6. A method for manufacturing an optical lens, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: I. Substrate Pretreatment: (1) Clean the substrate with a multi-stage ultrasonic cleaner until it is free of dust and oil, and dry it in an oven at 50°C. II. Membrane Activation Treatment (2) Place the substrate obtained in step (1) into the vacuum coating chamber for vacuum coating; (3) Set the vacuum coating chamber temperature to 30-60℃, evacuate to 25kPa-30kPa, introduce 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon, oxygen flow rate is 100sccm, nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm, bombard the substrate surface with ion beam for activation treatment, power 180-300W, frequency 200Hz, time 2-5min, form a hardened activation layer extending from the surface to the interior on the substrate surface, the thickness of the hardened activation layer is 40-50nm, and the water contact angle is 5-15°; (4) Place the substrate obtained in step (3) into deionized water at 30-60℃ for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then place it in an oven at 50℃ to dry. III. Membrane Material Processing: (5) Immerse the substrate obtained in step (4) into the film material according to any one of claims 1-5, soak it for 5 seconds at a constant temperature of 6-10°C, and then take it out; (6) Place the substrate obtained in step (5) in a constant temperature oven at 35°C for 15 minutes for curing, and then in a constant temperature oven at 50°C for 2 hours for curing to obtain the optical lens.

7. The method for manufacturing an optical lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (3), the power is 220W and the time is 4min.

8. The method for manufacturing an optical lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the membrane activation treatment in step two, a secondary membrane activation treatment is performed, and the specific steps are as follows: The substrate dried in step (4) is placed back into the vacuum coating chamber for secondary vacuum coating. The temperature of the vacuum coating chamber is set to 30-60℃, the vacuum is evacuated to 25kPa-30kPa, and 99.999% oxygen and 99.999% argon are introduced. The oxygen flow rate is 100sccm and the nitrogen flow rate is 40sccm. The surface of the hardened activation layer obtained in step (3) is bombarded with an ion beam for secondary activation treatment. The power is 100W, the frequency is 200Hz, and the time is 2min. A more uniform secondary hardened activation layer is obtained. The thickness of the secondary hardened activation layer is 50nm and the water contact angle is 1-5°.

9. The method for manufacturing an optical lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate is any one of PC, resin, and glass, and the surface hardness is ≥2H.

10. An optical lens, characterized in that: The optical lens, prepared by the method described in any one of claims 6-9, has a water contact angle of 2-5° and a surface hardness of 2H-6H when placed outdoors for 30 minutes in sunny weather at 25°C and 60% humidity.

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