Mechanized coal mining method in vertical slot

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology and is a mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters. The vertical coal seams are steeply inclined coal seams with an inclination angle of 60 to 90 degrees. The method includes the following steps: Vertical shaft development is used in the vertical coal seam. A shaft is arranged on the bottom of the coal seam, and double-wing development is arranged horizontally around the shaft. Several mining faces are arranged along the strike of the coal seam at one mining level. The cutting holes of each mining face are arranged horizontally along the strike of the coal seam, and the return roadways are arranged along the inclination direction of the coal seam, thus constructing the vertical coal seam mining roadway layout. The mining faces are pushed down from top to bottom along the inclination direction of the coal seam. The mining equipment is arranged within the horizontal working face, using continuous mining equipment for coal dropping, loading, and shuttle car transportation, as well as coal chute transportation. Hydraulic supports control the surrounding rock, and backfilling is used to treat the goaf. The mining process features simple equipment layout and convenient personnel operation, realizing a comprehensive mechanized continuous coal mining method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology and is a mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams. Background Technology

[0002] Although steeply dipping coal seams account for less than 5% of my country's total coal reserves and production, they constitute a significant portion of the output in remote northwest regions and coal-deficient areas in the south. Currently, the main method for intensive mining is the sub-slope segmented mining method for steeply dipping coal seams less than 2 meters thick; the main method is the pseudo-slope flexible shield support mining method for steeply dipping coal seams between 2 and 6 meters thick; and the horizontal segmented top coal caving mining method is mostly used for steeply dipping coal seams greater than 10 meters thick.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN102562066A discloses a mechanized coal mining method using a pseudo-inclined support type retractable flexible shield for steeply inclined coal seams. The method includes a steeply inclined coal seam mining machine and a retractable flexible support type, with the following steps: 1. Mining: A mining machine is installed on the pseudo-inclined working face for mining; 2. Coal loading: The mined coal is transported to the rear of the mining machine via the left and right rakes and conveying mechanism, then flows through a chute to the loading point at the coal chute for loading and transport; 3. Working area support: A retractable flexible support type is installed in the working area; 4. Working face ventilation; 5. Spray dust suppression; 6. Mining of the upper triangular coal seam; 7. Recovery of the lower triangular coal seam: When the working face advances to the vicinity of the upper incline in the mining area, a recovery eye is excavated, and the shield is gradually lowered to a horizontal position. The mining machine is disassembled and transported to the next longwall face, and then all the shields are recovered.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN103993883A discloses a method including the following steps: First, excavating a return airway in a steeply inclined coal seam, and excavating a transport roadway in the steeply inclined coal seam below the return airway; Second, excavating a pseudo-inclined opening in the steeply inclined coal seam, the upper end of which connects to the return airway and the lower end to the transport roadway; Third, installing a flexible shield support in the opening to control the roof, thereby forming the initial mining state of the pseudo-inclined coal face; Fourth, drilling and enlarging at least one vertically positioned diversion coal drop hole from the transport roadway to the mining face in the steeply inclined coal seam, the diversion coal drop hole penetrating the coal wall; Fifth, starting from the lower section of the coal wall... The coal is blasted and dropped segment by segment upwards. The coal walls above and below the opening of each diversion coal drop hole are blasted and dropped according to different coal drop segments. The sixth step is to determine whether the steeply inclined coal seam in the same coal mining face area has been mined. If not, proceed to the seventh step. If it has been mined, the mining ends. The seventh step is to determine the distance between the upper opening of the diversion coal drop hole in the adjacent return airway and the return airway. If the distance is less than the set value, the working face is advanced and the process returns to the fifth step. Otherwise, the process returns to the eighth step. The eighth step is to drill and enlarge a new vertical diversion coal drop hole through the coal wall above the diversion coal drop hole in the adjacent return airway using a drilling rig. The upper openings of the two adjacent diversion coal drop holes are at a set distance, and the process returns to the fifth step.

[0005] For steeply dipping coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters and a dip angle of 60 to 90 degrees, the pseudo-inclined flexible shield support mining method is currently the main approach. However, this existing technology suffers from low mechanization, low coal production, low mining efficiency, and a relatively high accident rate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problems of low production and low safety in the existing pseudo-inclined flexible shield support coal mining method for steeply inclined coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 m and an inclination angle of 60 to 90°.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is achieved through the following measures: a mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 m, wherein the vertical coal seam is a steeply inclined coal seam with an inclination angle of 60 to 90°, comprising the following steps: S1, the vertical shaft development of the coal seam is carried out by vertical shafts. Three shafts are arranged along the bottom of the coal seam. The three shafts are the main shaft, the auxiliary shaft and the ventilation shaft. S2. Centered on the three shafts, rock development roadways are arranged on the bottom of the coal seam along the direction of the coal seam in two horizontal wings. The return air roadway is arranged in the upper part of the horizontal shaft, and the track roadway and transport roadway are arranged in the lower part. S3, after the coal is exposed through the stone gate in the horizontal main roadway, the coal mining face is arranged in the vertical trough. S4. A return roadway is arranged in the coal mining face. The return roadway includes a material conveying roadway, a return air roadway, a pedestrian roadway, a working face cut-out, and a coal chute. A protective coal pillar is provided between the material conveying roadway and the pedestrian roadway. Several connecting roadways that connect the material conveying roadway and the pedestrian roadway are arranged in the protective coal pillar. S5. Install multiple hydraulic supports side by side in the working face cut, and arrange at least 2 sets of coal mining equipment in the coal mining face below the hydraulic supports; S6. The coal mining equipment performs downward mining at the coal mining face, and the mined raw coal is transported to the coal chute. S7. After mining to the preset height, the hydraulic support is lowered and the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support is filled. S8. After the filling reaches the preset distance, the top and bottom plates of the newly formed goaf at the top of the hydraulic support are cut off and reinforced with grout. S9. Repeat steps S7 and S8 to complete the mining and goaf filling work of the entire working face.

[0008] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: In step S4 above, the material conveying roadway and the return air roadway are set on both sides of the coal mining face. The material conveying roadway and the return air roadway are set along the dipping direction of the coal seam. A special roadway for pedestrians is set next to the material conveying roadway.

[0009] The connecting roadways between the aforementioned material transport roadway and the pedestrian-only roadway are spaced 5-10 meters apart vertically.

[0010] As a preferred option, the aforementioned pedestrian-only roadway is set parallel to the material transport roadway, and the material transport roadway, return air roadway, and pedestrian-only roadway are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

[0011] As another preferred option, the aforementioned pedestrian-only well is vertically installed and arranged in the bottom strata.

[0012] In step S4 above, at least two coal chutes are arranged in the coal mining face, and the coal chutes penetrate the coal mining face along the dip direction of the coal seam.

[0013] The aforementioned coal chute is equipped with a protective sleeve, which consists of several coal conveying pipes that can be detachably installed together from top to bottom. The lower end of the lowest coal conveying pipe is fixedly installed with a bend, and the end of the bend is fixed with a shovel-shaped diverting shovel. Several screen holes that run vertically through the bottom wall of the diverting shovel are distributed at intervals. A coal bunker is located below the bend, and an energy dissipator is installed inside the coal bunker. The energy dissipator is used to reduce the impact force of coal falling into the coal bunker after flowing out of the diverting shovel.

[0014] In step S5 above, the hydraulic support includes a telescopic triangular support structure. Telescopic support legs are provided on both sides below the triangular support structure. The triangular support structure and the telescopic support legs on both sides can adjust the angle of the top and bottom plates of the vertical coal trough. Hanging devices are provided on the telescopic support legs on both sides. The hanging devices on both sides can extend and retract inward and outward, and can be embedded into the top and bottom plates of the vertical coal trough when extending and retracting.

[0015] In step S7 above, filling the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support includes: S71, protective zones are constructed on both sides of the goaf near the roadway shaft; S72, anchor cable reinforcement of the roof and floor of the vertical coal trough within the protected area; S73, a retaining wall is constructed between the roadway and the goaf within the protected area; S74, fill the goaf between retaining walls in the protected area to form a filling body; S75, low-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is foam material, so that a sealed area is formed above the support; S76, high-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is cementing material.

[0016] Step S8 above includes: pre-cutting the top and bottom plates in pre-defined segments at the working face by blasting, filling the cut-off goaf with high-strength cementing material, and forming a rock pillar isolation layer after consolidation.

[0017] Compared with existing vertical coal seam mining methods, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The coal mining face is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam. The coal mining face is pushed down along the dip direction of the coal seam, breaking through the coal mining technology that cannot be mined downward in the traditional vertical coal mining method. (2) The coal mining face is arranged horizontally along the coal seam. The coal mining equipment only requires a continuous miner, a shuttle car and a hydraulic support. The equipment configuration and installation are simple and easy to operate. It can realize continuous, efficient and mechanized coal mining in dip longwall and can realize intelligent mining. (3) The design of large-stage coal chute with a depth of more than 100m replaces the traditional belt conveyor, scraper conveyor and self-flowing equipment, which reduces energy consumption and effectively improves the efficiency of coal transportation at the working face. (4) Using self-developed hydraulic supports, it can adapt to the changes in the dip angle of vertical coal seams with an inclination angle of 60-90° and the mining of coal seams with different thicknesses of 4-10m; (5) For the first time, it was proposed that the roadway of the vertical channel coal seam be arranged along the dip of the coal seam and left along the goaf to serve the mining of adjacent working faces and reduce the construction cost of the roadway. (6) Setting up a pre-protected protection zone for the roadway can effectively reduce the damage to the roadway caused by mining and ensure its functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the coal seam mining tunnel in this invention.

[0019] Appendix Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the layout of the coal mining tunnels in this invention.

[0020] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a coal mining face within a mining strip according to the present invention.

[0021] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting position of coal mining equipment 1 during the coal mining process using two sets of coal mining equipment according to the present invention.

[0022] Appendix Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the coal cutting position of coal mining equipment 2 during the coal mining process using two sets of coal mining equipment in this invention.

[0023] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective sleeve in this invention.

[0024] Appendix Figure 7 This is a top view of the diversion shovel structure in this invention.

[0025] Appendix Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional view of the hydraulic support of the present invention during use.

[0026] Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the hydraulic support in this invention.

[0027] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure during the filling process of the present invention.

[0028] Appendix Figure 11 For the appendix Figure 10 A magnified structural diagram at point A.

[0029] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 is the main shaft, 2 is the auxiliary shaft, 3 is the ventilation shaft, 4 is the return air main roadway, 5 is the return air connecting shaft, 6 is the return air connecting shaft gate, 7 is the transport main roadway, 8 is the track main roadway, 9 is the bottom yard, 10 is the return air roadway, 11 is the return air roadway gate, 12 is the transport gate, 13 is the material transport gate, 14 is the pedestrian gate, 15 is the material transport roadway, 16 is the pedestrian-only roadway, 17 is the coal chute, 18 is the connecting roadway, 19 is the connecting gate, and 20 is the working face cut-out. 21 is the return air gate, 22 is the long top beam, 23 is the short top beam, 24 is the hinge shaft, 25 is the telescopic crossbeam, 26 is the telescopic support leg, 27 is the anchored telescopic jack, 28 is the cone head, 29 is the coal conveying pipe, 30 is the bend, 31 is the diversion shovel, 32 is the screen hole, 33 is the coal bunker, 34 is the energy dissipator, 35 is the coal mining machine, 36 is the shuttle car, 37 is the floor plate, 38 is the roof plate, 39 is the coal seam roof anchor cable, 40 is the coal seam floor anchor cable, 41 is the protection zone, 42 is the isolation zone, and α is the dip angle. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0031] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as the positional relationships of front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, which are based on the instructions attached. Figure 1 The orientation of the layout is determined by the direction of the map.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, this mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams is used for mining vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 m. The vertical coal seams are steeply inclined coal seams with an inclination angle α of 60 to 90°. The method includes the following steps: S1, the vertical shaft development of the coal seam is carried out by vertical shafts. Three shafts are arranged along the bottom of the coal seam. The three shafts are the main shaft 1, the auxiliary shaft 2 and the ventilation shaft 3. S2. With the three shafts as the center, rock development roadways are arranged on the bottom plate of the coal seam along the direction of the coal seam in two horizontal wings. The upper part of the horizontal roadway is arranged as the return air roadway 4, and the lower part is arranged as the track roadway 8 and the transport roadway 7. S3, after the coal is exposed through the stone gate in the horizontal main roadway, the coal mining face is arranged in the vertical trough. S4. A return roadway is arranged in the coal mining face. The return roadway includes a material conveying roadway 15, a return air roadway 10, a pedestrian roadway 16, a working face cut-out 20, and a coal chute 17. A protective coal pillar is provided between the material conveying roadway 15 and the pedestrian roadway 16. Several connecting roadways 18 connecting the material conveying roadway 15 and the pedestrian roadway 16 are arranged in the protective coal pillar. S5. Install multiple hydraulic supports side by side in the working face cut 20, and arrange at least 2 sets of coal mining equipment in the coal mining face below the hydraulic supports. S6. The coal mining equipment performs downward mining at the coal mining face, and the mined raw coal is transported to the coal chute 17. S7. After mining to the preset height, the hydraulic support is lowered and the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support is filled. S8. After the filling reaches the preset distance, the top and bottom plates of the newly formed goaf at the top of the hydraulic support are cut off and reinforced with grout. S9. Repeat steps S7 and S8 to complete the mining and goaf filling work of the entire working face.

[0033] Because the coal mining face is arranged at an inclination, the transport roadway, return air roadway, and pedestrian roadway of the coal mining face are arranged along the inclination direction of the coal seam with a large inclination angle α. The transport roadway of the coal mining face is named Material Transport Roadway 15, the return air roadway of the coal mining face is named Return Air Roadway 10, and the pedestrian roadway is named Pedestrian Roadway 16.

[0034] The mine adopts a vertical shaft development method, with three shafts: main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2, and ventilation shaft 3. Main shaft 1 can accommodate compressed air pipelines and fire sprinkler pipelines, primarily handling coal mining operations, and includes a ladder room as a safety exit. Auxiliary shaft 2 can accommodate drainage pipelines, nitrogen injection pipelines, power cables, and signal communication cables, handling auxiliary hoisting and air intake, and also includes a ladder room as a safety exit. Ventilation shaft 3 can accommodate gas extraction pipelines and grouting pipelines, handling the mine's return air, and also includes a ladder room as a safety exit.

[0035] With the shaft as the center, development roadways are arranged in two horizontal wings. The horizontal division should comprehensively consider factors such as coal seam occurrence conditions, geological structure conditions, mining technology and equipment level, resources / reserves and production capacity, material and equipment transportation, and pedestrian safety. The height of a single horizontal line should be 200-300m, and should not exceed 500m.

[0036] Several mining strips are arranged along the strike of the coal seam at a single mining level. Each mining strip houses one coal mining face. The return roadway is constructed using shaft-building technology at the left and right boundaries of the mining strips within the coal mining face. The face cutter 20 is located at the upper boundary of the coal mining face and is arranged horizontally along the strike of the coal seam. The coal mining face is mined from top to bottom along the dip direction of the coal seam, dividing the coal mining face into multiple segments. Each segment is arranged around the coal chute 17, with a preset height consistent with the segment height. After each segment is cut, the hydraulic supports retract sequentially and then descend. The protective coal pillar between the material transport roadway 15 and the pedestrian dedicated roadway 16 has a width of 20 to 40 meters. Within the protective coal pillar, a connecting roadway 18 is arranged every 5 to 20 meters from top to bottom along the dipping direction of the mining strip. In this embodiment, the connecting roadway 18 connecting the material transport roadway 15 and the pedestrian dedicated roadway 16 is spaced 5-10 meters apart vertically. After the coal is exposed through the stone gate in the horizontal main roadway, the coal mining face is arranged in the vertical coal seam. After the coal is exposed through the corresponding stone gate in the return air roadway 4, track roadway 8, and transport roadway 7, the coal mining face is arranged in the vertical coal seam.

[0037] A systematic scheme for constructing mining roadways with the roadway shaft as the core is adopted. The roadway shaft is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam to form an underground roadway layout, breaking the limitations of the traditional horizontal roadway layout. Continuous mining equipment is used for coal dropping, loading, and transportation, and coal is transported by coal chute 17. Hydraulic supports control the surrounding rock. The mining equipment is arranged in the horizontal working face cut-out 20 to avoid overturning and slippage of the mining equipment, and the safety management of the mining face is effectively improved. Goaf filling and reinforcement measures are implemented, and mining and filling are coordinated to achieve green mining.

[0038] The above-mentioned mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, in step S4, the material conveying roadway 15 and the return air roadway 10 are set on both sides of the coal mining face. The material conveying roadway 15 and the return air roadway 10 are set along the inclined direction of the coal seam. A pedestrian-only roadway 16 is set next to the material conveying roadway 15.

[0039] Shaft development layout: Construct main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2, and ventilation shaft 3. Horizontally arrange bottom plate 37 rock development roadways underground. Double-wing alternating mining is implemented. A return air roadway 4, transport roadway 7, track roadway 8, and bottom yard 9 are provided connecting main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2, and ventilation shaft 3. Return air roadways 10 and material transport roadways 15 are respectively located on both sides of the coal face. A pedestrian roadway 16 is located next to (to the right) of material transport roadway 15. A connecting roadway 18 is arranged between material transport roadway 15 and pedestrian roadway 16. Return air connecting roadway 5 has a return air connecting roadway gate 6. Coal chutes 17 are arranged in the coal seam. The development roadway is excavated through the stone gates to the strip working face, including working face cut-out 20, connecting stone gate 19, and return air stone gate 21.

[0040] Track roadway 8 is located on the side of the bottom boundary coal seam floor 37 at each level, responsible for transporting materials, equipment, and personnel, as well as providing ventilation. Transport roadway 7 is located on the side of the bottom boundary coal seam floor 37 at each level, responsible for transporting coal and gangue, as well as providing ventilation. The floor 37 of transport roadway 7 is 8m higher than the floor 37 of track roadway 8. Return air roadway 4 is located on the side of the top boundary coal seam floor 37 at each level, responsible for providing dedicated return air to the mining area. Material transport gate 13 connects the bottom yard 9 to track roadway 8 via the track gate, responsible for transporting materials, equipment, and personnel, as well as providing ventilation. Transport gate 12 connects the main shaft... Shaft 1 connects to main haulage roadway 7, responsible for transporting coal and gangue and providing ventilation; return air gate 21 connects ventilation shaft 3 to return air roadway 4, responsible for dedicated return air in the mining area; a ring-shaped bottom yard 9 is used, responsible for auxiliary transportation of equipment, materials and personnel; main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2, and return air shaft 3 are connected in bottom yard 9 via connecting roadway 18; bottom yard 9 is equipped with bottom pump room, central substation, etc., all located in the stable rock strata on the side of coal seam floor 37; the main drainage system is located at the bottom of the shaft, responsible for drainage of the entire mine; the drainage system for the mining area can also be arranged horizontally according to needs.

[0041] Air intake route: Fresh air flow from the mining face comes from auxiliary shaft 2 (main shaft 1) - bottom yard 9 - track roadway 8 (transport roadway 7) - material transport gate 13 of the first mining face - material transport roadway 15 (pedestrian-only roadway 16) - first mining face.

[0042] Return air route: exhaust air passes through the mining face - return air roadway 10 - return air gate 21 of the first mining face - horizontal return air main roadway 4 - ventilation shaft 3 - ground surface; local ventilation fans can be used for forced ventilation in the tunneling face.

[0043] By arranging the roadway shaft and coal chute 17 in conjunction with mechanized coal mining, and using the connecting stone gate 19 and return air stone gate 21, the bottom plate 37 main roadway system is precisely connected with the roadway shaft system in the coal seam. This effectively solves the problem that vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters cannot be mined by arranging U-shaped roadways in conventional working faces, and realizes the effective development and utilization of vertical coal seams.

[0044] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the pedestrian-only roadway 16 is set parallel to the material transport roadway 15. The material transport roadway 15, the return air roadway 10, and the pedestrian-only roadway 16 are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

[0045] By setting up dedicated pedestrian shaft 16, material transport shaft 15, and return air shaft 10 in parallel in coal seams unaffected by mining, long-term stable pedestrian passages can be constructed using the coal seam's own conditions, simplifying the spatial layout of the roadway group and shortening the travel distance for personnel between different work faces.

[0046] The use of semi-coal-rock roadway excavation method can effectively reduce the amount of rock excavation work while ensuring sufficient support strength of the roadway, thereby improving construction speed and overall economic benefits. If the coal seam is hard and the engineering geological conditions permit, the use of full coal roadway can make full use of the relatively stable engineering geological characteristics of the coal seam floor 37, which is not prone to collapse, significantly improving the overall stability and safety of the roadway and reducing the long-term maintenance cost of the roadway.

[0047] Example 4: The only difference between this example and Example 3 is the setting angle of the pedestrian-dedicated roadway 16. The pedestrian-dedicated roadway 16 is set vertically and arranged in the bottom rock stratum.

[0048] By setting the pedestrian-only roadway 16 vertically to the horizontal plane and taking advantage of the near-vertical nature of the coal seam, the construction work of the connecting roadway 18 connecting each well is smaller and easier to construct. This results in a stable grid-like connecting structure without increasing the tunneling cost too much. Moreover, this vertical arrangement effectively utilizes the supporting capacity of the stable rock strata to ensure the safety of the roadway.

[0049] Example 5: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in step S4, at least two coal chutes 17 are arranged in the coal mining face, and the coal chutes 17 penetrate the coal mining face along the dipping direction of the coal seam.

[0050] The vertical coal seam at a mining level within the minefield is divided into several mining strips along the coal seam strike direction. The width of each mining strip is 200 to 300 meters. Considering the safety management of transportation in the shaft, the length of the mining strip should be the same as the horizontal height, preferably 200 to 300 meters, and should not exceed 500 meters.

[0051] The coal chutes 17 are evenly arranged along the roof 38 of the coal seam in the middle of the coal mining face. The distance between adjacent coal chutes 17 is controlled between 50 and 100 meters, which can effectively shorten the coal transportation distance in the working face, realize balanced coal production at multiple points, ensure matching of mining and transportation capacity, and significantly improve the efficiency of mining operations.

[0052] With the gradual maturation of raise boring machine (RBM) technology, it has brought great convenience to shaft and tunnel construction. In this design, the construction of coal chute 17 and the roadway can be carried out using raise boring machine technology.

[0053] The coal mining equipment is based on existing known technology. The coal mining equipment selected is a coal mining machine 35, and the coal transportation equipment is a shuttle car 36. The working face is divided into coal-dividing areas, and the coal cutting volume of one area is matched with the carrying capacity of the shuttle car 36 to achieve intelligent mining. The coal chute 17 runs through each coal mining working face, and coal mining equipment is configured in each coal mining working face. Multiple mining areas are set up in each coal mining working face.

[0054] As attached Figure 4 , 5 As shown, two coal mining machines are configured in each coal mining face. The two coal mining machines 35 are initially positioned in the middle of the face. They advance in opposite directions towards the shaft from the middle of the face, cutting coal. The two machines 35 cut into the bottom 37 coal seam in an alternating pattern. When the downward cutting depth reaches 1m, it maintains this 1m depth and advances horizontally towards the shaft along the coal seam's strike. During coal cutting, the shuttle car 36 engages with the machine to load coal. Once full, the coal is transported to the coal chute 17 for unloading. When the coal mining machine 35 advances to the safety boundary of the shaft, it completes the first cycle of coal dropping, loading, and transporting. The machine then uses the unloading time of the shuttle car 36 to return to the middle of the face, preparing for the next cycle.

[0055] Example 6: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 6 , 7 As shown, a protective sleeve is installed inside the coal chute 17. The protective sleeve consists of several coal conveying pipes 29 that can be detachably installed together from top to bottom. A bend 30 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the lowest coal conveying pipe 29. A shovel-shaped diverting shovel 31 is fixed at the end of the bend 30. Several vertically penetrating screen holes 32 are distributed at intervals on the bottom wall of the diverting shovel 31. A coal bunker 33 is provided below the bend 30. An energy dissipator 34 is provided inside the coal bunker 33. The energy dissipator 34 is used to reduce the impact force of coal falling into the coal bunker 33 after flowing out of the diverting shovel 31.

[0056] Depending on the requirements, the coal conveying pipe 29 can be a known wear-resistant steel pipe. Adjacent wear-resistant steel pipes can be connected by threads or clamps. The bend 30 and the diverter shovel 31 are installed sequentially from top to bottom at the lower end of the lowest coal conveying pipe 29. The angle between the lower end of the bend 30 and the horizontal plane is 30 to 35 degrees. Screen holes 32 are distributed at the bottom of the diverter shovel 31. The width of the diverter shovel 31 gradually increases away from the bend 30. At least three guide ribs are spaced apart on the upper bottom surface of the diverter shovel 31. The energy dissipator 34 is a known technology, such as a chain, curtain, or baffle. The energy dissipator 34 is located directly in front of the outlet of the diverter shovel 31 to prevent coal from directly entering the coal bunker 33 without buffering.

[0057] Coal transportation route: The raw coal mined from the longwall face passes through the longwall shuttle car 36, coal chute 17, transport gate 12 belt conveyors, horizontal transport roadway 7 medium belt conveyor, coal bunker 33, main shaft skip 1, and then to the surface. Auxiliary transportation routes are adopted: auxiliary shaft 2 uses hoisting machine for hoisting, main track roadway 8 uses battery-powered locomotive or endless rope winch for transportation, the roadway shaft uses hoisting machine for transportation, and personnel transportation uses cage and locomotive. The personnel transport route is as follows: Auxiliary Shaft 2 - Bottom Shaft Yard 9 - Main Track Tunnel 8 - Material Transport Gate 13 - Pedestrian Dedicated Roadway Shaft 16 - Working Face; The underground gangue transportation route is as follows: gangue from the tunneling face - tunneling face belt conveyor - transport roadway 7 belt conveyor - horizontal gangue bin - main shaft skip 1 - surface; Equipment transportation route: Surface - Auxiliary Shaft 2 - Bottom Shaft Yard 9 - Main Track Roadway 8 - Material Transport Roadway 15 - Coal Mining Face; Material transportation route: Surface - Auxiliary Shaft 2 - Bottom Shaft Yard 9 - Main Track Roadway 8 - Material Transport Gate 13 - Material Transport Slot 15 - Coal Mining Face.

[0058] Example 7: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 8 , 9 As shown, in step S5, the hydraulic support includes a telescopic triangular support structure. Telescopic support legs 26 are provided on both sides below the triangular support structure. The triangular support structure and the telescopic support legs 26 on both sides can be adjusted to follow the angle of the coal trough roof plate 38 and the bottom plate 37. Hanging devices are provided on the telescopic support legs 26 on both sides. The hanging devices on both sides can extend and retract inward and outward. When extending and retracting, they can be embedded in the coal trough roof plate 38 and the bottom plate 37 to provide sufficient friction to ensure the stability of the hydraulic support.

[0059] The hydraulic support can be a known prior art or the structure described in this application. The triangular support structure includes a long top beam 22, a short top beam 23, and a telescopic crossbeam 25 that are hinged together by a hinge shaft 24. When the telescopic crossbeam 25 is extended or retracted, the distance between the lower parts of the long top beam 22 and the lower parts of the short top beam 23 can be adjusted. The bracket device includes an anchoring telescopic jack 27 and a cone head 28. The anchoring telescopic jack 27 is installed on the side of the telescopic support leg 26, and the cone head 28 is installed at the end of the piston rod of the anchoring telescopic jack 27.

[0060] Triangular support structures and support legs can also be assembled as shown in the attached figure. Figure 9 As shown in the structure, the support legs on both sides of the hydraulic support have telescopic function, and adjacent supports can support each other. When the coal mining equipment has finished cutting the coal at the bottom of the hydraulic support, the support leg telescopic jack 31 will extend the lower support leg 30 in time, and the lower support leg 30 will be pressurized and supported on the new working face coal seam.

[0061] During normal operation, the side guard plates are in the pop-out state for sealing the gaps between the hydraulic supports. When the hydraulic supports tilt, their posture can be adjusted by the internal pushing mechanism (side-pushing jacks). After the coal mining machine 35 cuts the coal, the telescopic support legs 26 extend in time to seal the gaps and provide support. When the hydraulic supports are adjusted to the correct position, the tip of the cone head 28 is inserted into the coal wall under the push of the anchoring telescopic jacks 27, which provides stability and anti-slip for the hydraulic supports. The telescopic support legs 26 on both sides are fixed between the roof plate 38 and the bottom plate 37 of the vertical shaft coal seam, providing support for the collapsed rock mass in the goaf at the top of the triangular support structure.

[0062] Example 8: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 9 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, step S7, filling the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support, includes: S71, a protection zone 41 is constructed on both sides of the goaf near the roadway shaft; S72, anchor cable reinforcement was carried out on the roof 38 and floor 37 of the vertical coal trough within the protected area 41; S73, a retaining wall was constructed between the roadway and the goaf within the protection zone 41; S74, fill the goaf between the retaining walls in the protected area 41 to form a filling body; S75, low-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area 41, the filling material is foam material, so that a sealed area is formed above the support; S76, high-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area 41, the filling material is cementing material.

[0063] like Figure 10 , 11As shown, the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support is reinforced and filled using a process of continuous mining and filling. The protected area 41 is connected to the floor 37 of the vertical shaft through several coal seam floor anchor cables 40, and the protected area 41 is connected to the roof 38 of the vertical shaft through several coal seam roof anchor cables 39. After the coal mining machine 35 has mined a preset distance for each pair of working faces, it first arranges the protected area 41 on both sides of the goaf near the roadway. The roof 38 and floor 37 of the vertical shaft within the protected area 41 are supported by coal seam roof anchor cables 39 and coal seam floor anchor cables 40, respectively. After filling, a retaining wall is formed. Then, the goaf between the retaining walls of the protected area 41 and the goaf outside the protected area 41 are filled to form a filling body. The process of working face mining, protected area 41 construction, and goaf filling is repeated until the mining of the entire working face is completed.

[0064] The goaf filling method is as follows: every 15-30m of goaf formed in the working face, the gaps between the hydraulic support and the roof 38 and floor 37 of the vertical coal seam, as well as the areas prone to leakage between the hydraulic supports, are first sealed. Then, foam filling material is used to seal the area above the hydraulic support. Finally, cementing material is injected into the goaf to be filled through high-level filling equipment to complete the filling and form the filling area.

[0065] The goaf can also be filled in the following way: the long top beam 22 of the hydraulic support is reserved with a low-level filling hole, and the short top beam 23 is reserved with a high-level filling hole. Two sets of filling equipment are set up. The first filling equipment is used for low-level filling. The first filling equipment is set up at the coal mining face and relies on the filling pump to transport foam material. The transportation pipeline is short and the cost is low. The second filling equipment is used for high-level filling. The second filling equipment is set up on the ground. The cementing material is transported to the goaf by gravity, which can reduce the transportation cost.

[0066] Example 9: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 9 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, step S8 includes: blasting and cutting off the roof 38 and floor 37 of the vertical coal seam in the pre-set segmented working face, filling the cut-off goaf with high-strength cementing material, and forming a rock pillar isolation layer 42 after consolidation to block the stress transmission of the upper goaf.

[0067] When the grouting height above the hydraulic support reaches 50m to 100m, top and bottom cutting operations are carried out above the coal mining face to form a damaged zone and a fracture zone. High-strength cementing material is then filled into the damaged zone and fracture zone to form a 6 to 10-meter rock pillar (rock pillar isolation layer 42). This can form a self-stabilizing wall support structure at the cut-off point of the roof 38 and the bottom 37, increasing the firmness and stability.

[0068] The above technical features constitute various embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A method of longwall coal mining by mechanization, characterized in that, For mining vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters, wherein the vertical coal seam is a steeply inclined coal seam with an inclination angle of 60 to 90 degrees, the steps include the following: S1, the vertical shaft development of the coal seam is carried out by vertical shafts. Three shafts are arranged along the bottom of the coal seam. The three shafts are the main shaft, the auxiliary shaft and the ventilation shaft. S2. Centered on the three shafts, rock development roadways are arranged on the bottom of the coal seam along the direction of the coal seam in two horizontal wings. The return air roadway is arranged in the upper part of the horizontal shaft, and the track roadway and transport roadway are arranged in the lower part. S3, after the coal is exposed through the stone gate in the horizontal main roadway, the coal mining face is arranged in the vertical trough. S4. A return roadway is arranged in the coal mining face. The return roadway includes a material conveying roadway, a return air roadway, a pedestrian roadway, a working face cut-out, and a coal chute. A protective coal pillar is provided between the material conveying roadway and the pedestrian roadway. Several connecting roadways that connect the material conveying roadway and the pedestrian roadway are arranged in the protective coal pillar. S5. Install multiple hydraulic supports side by side in the working face cut, and arrange at least 2 sets of coal mining equipment in the coal mining face below the hydraulic supports; S6. The coal mining equipment performs downward mining at the coal mining face, and the mined raw coal is transported to the coal chute. S7. After mining to the preset height, the hydraulic support is lowered and the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support is filled. S8. After the filling reaches the preset distance, the top and bottom plates of the newly formed goaf at the top of the hydraulic support are cut off and reinforced with grout. S9. Repeat steps S7 and S8 to complete the mining and goaf filling work of the entire working face.

2. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the material conveying roadway and the return air roadway are set on both sides of the coal mining face. The material conveying roadway and the return air roadway are set along the dipping direction of the coal seam. A special roadway for pedestrians is set next to the material conveying roadway. Or / and, the connecting roadways connecting the material transport roadway and the pedestrian roadway are spaced 5-10m apart vertically.

3. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pedestrian-only roadway is set parallel to the material transport roadway. The material transport roadway, return air roadway, and pedestrian-only roadway are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

4. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that, Pedestrian-only shafts are vertically installed and located in the bottom rock strata.

5. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that, In step S4, at least two coal chutes are arranged in the coal mining face, and the coal chutes penetrate the coal mining face along the dip direction of the coal seam.

6. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 5, characterized in that, A protective sleeve is installed inside the coal chute. The protective sleeve consists of several coal conveying pipes that can be detached and installed together from top to bottom. The lower end of the lowest coal conveying pipe is fixedly installed with a bend, and the end of the bend is fixed with a shovel-shaped diverting shovel. Several screen holes that run vertically through the bottom wall of the diverting shovel are distributed at intervals. A coal bunker is located below the bend, and an energy dissipator is installed inside the coal bunker. The energy dissipator is used to reduce the impact force of coal falling into the coal bunker after flowing out of the diverting shovel.

7. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the hydraulic support includes a telescopic triangular support structure. Telescopic support legs are provided on both sides below the triangular support structure. The triangular support structure and the telescopic support legs on both sides can adjust the angle of the top and bottom plates of the vertical coal trough. Hanging devices are provided on the telescopic support legs on both sides. The hanging devices on both sides can extend and retract inward and outward, and can be embedded into the top and bottom plates of the vertical coal trough when extending and retracting.

8. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6, characterized in that, In step S7, filling the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support includes: S71, protective zones are constructed on both sides of the goaf near the roadway shaft; S72, anchor cable reinforcement of the roof and floor of the vertical coal trough within the protected area; S73, a retaining wall is constructed between the roadway and the goaf within the protected area; S74, fill the goaf between retaining walls in the protected area to form a filling body; S75, low-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is foam material, so that a sealed area is formed above the support; S76, high-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is cementing material.

9. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S7, filling the goaf at the top of the hydraulic support includes: S71, protective zones are constructed on both sides of the goaf near the roadway shaft; S72, anchor cable reinforcement of the roof and floor of the vertical coal trough within the protected area; S73, a retaining wall is constructed between the roadway and the goaf within the protected area; S74, fill the goaf between retaining walls in the protected area to form a filling body; S75, low-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is foam material, so that a sealed area is formed above the support; S76, high-level filling of the goaf outside the protected area, the filling material is cementing material.

10. The mechanized coal mining method for vertical coal seams according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 9, characterized in that, Step S8 includes: The roof and floor are blasted and cut off in pre-defined sections at the working face. The cut-off goaf is filled with high-strength cementing material and solidified to form a rock pillar isolation layer.

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