A large drift fill mining method for gently inclined thin ore body in-situ "S" ramp

Abstract

The application provides a gently inclined thin ore body intravein S-shaped ramp large drift filling mining method, establishes an ore body three-dimensional model, analyzes the ore body floor contour, constructs a middle section transportation roadway every certain distance in the vertical direction of the ore body strike direction, excavates an intravein S-shaped ramp from the lowest point to the highest point of the middle section ore body in the vertical direction of the ore body strike direction, divides two-step stope on the left and right sides of the S-shaped ramp, excavates a connecting roadway in the S-shaped ramp, and communicates with the recovery drift at the middle position of the stope width; parallel inclined blast holes are constructed from the stope length direction recovery boundary, the recovery drift is taken as the blasting free surface, and the two-step stope is recovered step by step, after the recovery is completed, the top is filled, and the next step recovery is performed; the application improves the mechanization level and recovery efficiency of the gently inclined thin ore body mining, reduces the mining cutting ratio and the loss rate of dilution, and improves the mining economic benefit of the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a method for filling a gently dipping thin ore body with an "S"-shaped ramp through a large access road. Background Technology

[0002] Mining methods for gently dipping thin ore bodies with good ore stability in underground mines mainly include the layered filling method with inclined ramps and external vein arrangement, and the room-and-pillar mining method with inclined ramps and pseudo-dipping arrangement.

[0003] The layered backfilling method with ramp-type out-of-vein layout is highly adaptable, allowing for flexible ramp adjustments and the use of mechanized equipment. However, it involves a large amount of excavation work and high mining costs. For low-grade, thin ore bodies, its economic benefits are poor, limiting its applicability. The room-and-pillar mining method with ramp-type pseudo-dipping layout places the ramps within the vein, often in a straight line. This results in relatively lower mining costs. However, for gently dipping, thin ore bodies with large dip angles, the ramp layout angle is larger than the ore body's dip direction to facilitate mechanized equipment operation. This leads to a larger number of ramps needed to mine the same area, increasing the workload. Furthermore, because the stope length in room-and-pillar mining is perpendicular to the ramp, point pillars need to be left during mining, making it difficult to closely follow the ore body floor, resulting in a higher dilution loss rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to efficiently and economically mine gently dipping thin ore bodies with good surrounding rock stability, this application provides a "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within the vein of gently dipping thin ore bodies.

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of large preparation work, high dilution loss rate and mining cost, and poor economic benefits when mining gently dipping thin ore bodies with good ore stability in underground mines using the layered filling method with inclined ramp return and the room and pillar mining method with inclined ramp pseudo-dipping.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this invention is: a large-aperture backfilling mining method with an "S"-shaped inclined ramp within a gently dipping thin ore body, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Establish a 3D model of the ore body, analyze the contour lines of the ore body's base, and determine the orientation of the ore body in different areas; Step 2: Construct intermediate transport roadways perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body at regular intervals along the strike direction of the ore body; Step 3: Vertical to the strike of the ore body, excavate an "S"-shaped ramp within the vein from the lowest elevation to the highest elevation in the middle section of the ore body. The "S"-shaped ramp connects to the middle section transport roadway. Step 4: Divide the mining area into two steps along the contour lines of the ore body floor on both sides of the “S”-shaped ramp. Excavate connecting roadways at intervals from the “S”-shaped ramp, connecting them with the mining access roadway at the middle of the mining area width and extending them to the mining boundary. Step 5: Construct parallel inclined blast holes from the mining boundary along the length of the mining area, using the mining approach as the blasting free face, and expand the mining area backward to the width of the mining area. The two mining steps are carried out alternately with one mining step and one mining step at a time. After each mining step is completed, the roof is filled and connected before the next mining step is carried out.

[0007] In the technical solution of this application, the inclined ramp is arranged in an "S" shape, and the intermediate transport roadway and other mining preparation works are arranged inside the ore body. The mining area is arranged along the contour line of the ore body floor, which improves the mechanization level and recovery efficiency of the mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies, reduces the mining-cutting ratio and dilution loss rate, and improves the economic benefits of mining.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the mining process, the top of the connecting roadway at the boundary of the mining area is widened and brushed to serve as the unloading point for the shovel and the loading point for the ore truck. The ore truck is used to transport the ore out of the "S"-shaped ramp and the middle transport roadway.

[0009] The widening of the top of the connecting roadway at the boundary of the stope can provide ample space for unloading ore and loading ore into the ore car, thereby improving the efficiency of ore delivery.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step one, the dip angle of the ore body is 15° to 25°, the thickness is 5 to 8m, and the strike length is 300 to 400m.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step two, the spacing between the intermediate transport roadways is 120-150m.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the direction of the straight section of the ramp is basically consistent with the direction of the ore body, and adjacent straight sections of the ramp are connected by curves, forming an overall "S" shape.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step three, the direction of the straight section of the ramp is no more than 5° different from the strike of the ore body, and adjacent straight sections of the ramp are connected by curves. The slope of the straight section and the curve of the ramp is 10% to 12%, and the turning radius of the center of the curve is 12 to 18m.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, step four specifically involves dividing the left and right sides of the “S”-shaped ramp into two mining areas along the contour lines of the ore body bottom plate. The mining area is 80-120m long, 7-10m wide, and has a height equal to the ore body thickness. The cross-sectional dimensions of the connecting roadway and the mining access road are 4-5m high × 4-5m wide.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mining boundary is 6-8m away from the "S"-shaped ramp, and a connecting roadway is excavated every 15-50m in the "S"-shaped ramp.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step five, parallel inclined blast holes are constructed from the mining boundary along the length of the mining area. The angle between the blast holes and the length of the mining area is 30-45°, the distance between the two rows of blast holes is 0.8-1.0m, and the distance between blast holes in the same row is 1.0-1.2m.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, filling and roofing are carried out by laying filling pipes along the ramps and connecting tunnels.

[0018] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: By arranging the ramps in an "S" shape and placing the intermediate transport roadways and other preparatory works inside the ore body, and setting up the mining area along the contour lines of the ore body floor, this approach solves the problems of large preparatory work volume, high dilution loss rate, high mining cost, and poor economic benefits when mining gently dipping thin ore bodies with good ore stability in underground mines, such as the layered filling method with ramps and the room-and-pillar mining method with ramps and pseudo-dipping. This improves the mechanization level and recovery efficiency of mining gently dipping thin ore bodies, reduces the mining-to-cut ratio and dilution loss rate, and enhances the economic benefits of mining. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a typical scheme diagram of the "S"-shaped ramp backfilling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein, as described in this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Section I-I in the diagram.

[0021] Explanation of the attached diagram labels: 1. Contour line of the ore body floor; 2. Intermediate transport roadway; 3. Inclined ramp; 4. Connecting roadway; 5. Mining access road; 6. Stope boundary; 7. Blasting hole; 8. Ore loading and unloading point. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0025] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0027] Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1-2 This application discloses a method for mining a gently dipping thin ore body with an "S"-shaped ramp and large-path filling, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Use mining software to create a 3D model of the ore body and analyze the contour lines 1 of the ore body's bottom plate to determine the strike of the ore body. The dip angle of the ore body is 15° to 25°, the thickness is 5 to 8m, and the strike length is 300 to 400m.

[0029] Step 2: Construct intermediate transport roadways 2 along the strike direction of the ore body every 120-150m perpendicular to the ore body.

[0030] Step 3: Vertical to the strike of the ore body, excavate the inclined ramp 3 from the lowest elevation of the middle section of the ore body to the highest elevation. The straight section of the inclined ramp 3 is basically consistent with the strike of the ore body (i.e., the angle does not exceed 5°). Adjacent straight sections of the inclined ramp are connected by curves, forming an "S" shape, and connected to the middle section transport roadway 2. The slope of the straight section and the curve of the inclined ramp 3 is 10% to 12%, and the turning radius of the center of the curve is 12 to 18m.

[0031] Step 4: Divide the area into two-stage mining areas on both sides of the "S"-shaped ramp, extending along contour line 1 of the ore body floor. The mining area length is 80–120m, the mining area width is 7–10m, and the height is equal to the ore body thickness. The cross-sectional dimensions of the connecting roadway 4 and the retreat roadway 5 are 4–5m high × 4–5m wide. The retreat boundary of the mining area is 6–8m away from the "S"-shaped ramp. A connecting roadway 4 is excavated every 15–50m from the "S"-shaped ramp, connecting with the retreat roadway at the middle of the mining area width and extending to the mining area boundary 6.

[0032] Step 5: Construct parallel inclined blast holes from the mining boundary along the length of the stope. The angle between the blast holes and the length of the stope should be 30-45°. Using the mining approach as the free face for blasting, extend the blast holes backward to the width of the stope (i.e., the extended blast holes 7 shown in the figure). The two-step stopes are mined alternately with one mining step and one interval mining step. Lay filling pipes along the inclined ramp 3 and connecting roadway 4 to fill and connect the roof of the first-step stope. The blast hole parameters are: the distance between the two rows of blast holes is 0.8-1.0m, and the distance between blast holes in the same row is 1.0-1.2m.

[0033] Step 6: Expand and smear the top of the connecting roadway at the boundary of the mining area to form ore loading and unloading point 8, which serves as the unloading point for the loader and the loading point for the ore truck. The ore is transported out by the ore truck in the "S"-shaped inclined roadway 3 and the middle transport roadway 2.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the ramps are arranged in an "S" shape, and the intermediate transport roadways and other preparatory works are arranged inside the ore body. The mining area is arranged along the contour line of the ore body floor. This solves the problems of large preparatory work volume, high dilution loss rate and mining cost, and poor economic benefits when mining at low grade in the layered filling method with ramp-type external vein arrangement and the room-and-pillar mining method with ramp pseudo-inclination arrangement for gently dipping thin ore bodies with good ore stability in underground mines. It improves the mechanization level and recovery efficiency of mining gently dipping thin ore bodies, reduces the mining-to-cut ratio and dilution loss rate, and improves the economic benefits of mining.

[0035] In some implementation examples, due to the small dip angle of the ore body, in order to shorten the length of the ramp, the straight section of the ramp is at a small angle (no more than 5 degrees) to the strike of the ore body.

[0036] Specific embodiments are listed below. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific technologies or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they shall be performed in accordance with the technologies or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product manual.

[0037] This embodiment provides a practical application of the "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein.

[0038] For a certain copper deposit, the ore body has a dip angle of 15°~25°, a thickness of 5~8m, and an average Cu grade of 1.46%. It is a gently dipping, thin ore body with good stability of the ore body and surrounding rock. The method includes: (1) In order to determine the occurrence conditions of the ore body, a three-dimensional model of the ore body was established using mining software, and the contour line 1 of the bottom plate of the ore body was analyzed to determine the strike of the ore body.

[0039] (2) Vertical to the direction of the ore body, construct the middle section transport roadway 2 along the direction of the ore body every 135m.

[0040] (3) Vertical to the direction of the ore body, the inclined ramp 3 is excavated from the lowest point of the middle section of the ore body to the highest point. The straight section of the inclined ramp 3 is in the same direction as the ore body. Adjacent straight sections of the inclined ramp are connected by curves. The whole is in the shape of "S". The slope of the straight section and the curve of the inclined ramp 3 is no more than 12%, and the turning radius of the center of the curve is 15m.

[0041] (4) On both sides of the “S”-shaped ramp 3, two-step mining areas are divided along the contour line 1 of the bottom plate of the ore body. The mining area is 100m long, 9m wide, and 6m high. To protect the ramp, the mining area boundary is 8m away from the “S”-shaped ramp. The cross-sectional dimensions of the connecting roadway 4 and the mining access road 5 are 4.6m high × 4.6m wide. Connecting roadways are excavated every 27m from the “S”-shaped ramp 3. They are connected to the mining access road 5 in the middle of the mining area width and extend to the mining area boundary 6.

[0042] (5) Parallel inclined blast holes are constructed from the mining boundary 6 along the length of the mining area. The angle between the blast holes and the length of the mining area is 45°. The mining approach 5 is the blasting free face. The blast holes are expanded backward to the width of the mining area. The blast hole parameters are: the distance between the two rows of blast holes is 0.9m, and the distance between the blast holes in the same row is 1.1m. The mining area is mined every other step. The filling pipeline is laid along the inclined roadway and connecting roadway. The filling and roof are connected after the mining area of ​​the first step is completed.

[0043] (6) The top of the connecting roadway at the boundary of the mining area is widened and smeared to serve as the unloading point for the loader and the loading point for the ore truck. The ore is transported by the ore truck from the “S”-shaped ramp down to the middle transport roadway.

[0044] Results Achieved: Compared to the layered filling method with inclined ramp and external vein arrangement and the room-and-pillar mining method with inclined ramp and pseudo-inclined arrangement, the ore cutting ratio was reduced from 15.42 m / kt to 8.2 m / kt, the ore dilution rate was reduced from 15% to 8%, the ore loss rate was reduced from 13% to 10%, and the direct mining cost was reduced from 180 yuan / t of raw ore to 132 yuan / t of raw ore. This achieved the goal of reducing the cutting ratio and dilution loss rate, and improving the economic benefits of mining. This method innovatively solves the problems of large preparation work, high dilution loss rate, and high mining cost in the mechanized mining of gently dipping thin ore bodies with good ore and rock stability in underground mines.

[0045] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for mining a gently dipping thin ore body with an "S"-shaped ramp and large-aperture backfill, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a 3D model of the ore body, analyze the contour lines of the ore body's base, and determine the orientation of the ore body in different areas; Step 2: Construct intermediate transport roadways perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body at regular intervals along the strike direction of the ore body; Step 3: Vertical to the strike of the ore body, excavate an "S"-shaped ramp from the lowest point of the middle section of the ore body to the highest point. The "S"-shaped ramp connects to the middle section transport roadway. Step 4: Divide the mining area into two steps along the contour lines of the ore body floor on both sides of the "S"-shaped ramp. Excavate connecting roadways at intervals from the "S"-shaped ramp, connecting them with the mining access roadway at the middle of the mining area width and extending them to the mining boundary. Step 5: Construct parallel inclined blast holes from the mining boundary along the length of the mining area, using the mining approach as the blasting free face, and expand the mining area backward to the width of the mining area. The two mining steps are carried out alternately with one mining step and one mining step at a time. After each mining step is completed, the roof is filled and connected before the next mining step is carried out.

2. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the mining process, the top of the connecting roadway at the boundary of the mining area is widened to serve as the unloading point for the loader and the loading point for the ore truck. The ore truck is used to transport the ore out of the mine in the "S"-shaped inclined roadway and the middle transport roadway.

3. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the dip angle of the ore body is 15° to 25°, the thickness is 5 to 8m, and the strike length is 300 to 400m.

4. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the spacing between the intermediate transport roadways is 120–150 m.

5. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straight sections of the ramp are generally aligned with the direction of the ore body, and adjacent straight sections of the ramp are connected by curves, forming an overall "S" shape.

6. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, the direction of the straight section of the ramp should not differ from the strike of the ore body by more than 5°. Adjacent straight sections of the ramp should be connected by curves. The slope of the straight section and the curve should be 10% to 12%, and the turning radius of the curve center should be 12 to 18m.

7. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, two-step mining areas are divided on the left and right sides of the "S"-shaped ramp along the contour line of the ore body bottom plate. The mining area length is 80-120m, the mining area width is 7-10m, and the height is the thickness of the ore body. The cross-sectional dimensions of the connecting roadway and the mining access road are 4-5m high × 4-5m wide.

8. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mining boundary is 6-8m away from the "S"-shaped ramp, and a connecting roadway is excavated every 15-50m in the "S"-shaped ramp.

9. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, parallel inclined blast holes are constructed from the mining boundary along the length of the mining area. The angle between the blast holes and the length of the mining area is 30-45°. The distance between two rows of blast holes is 0.8-1.0m, and the distance between blast holes in the same row is 1.0-1.2m.

10. The "S"-shaped ramp filling mining method within a gently dipping thin ore body vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling and roofing are carried out by laying filling pipes along the ramps and connecting tunnels.

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