A drilling and blasting method tunnel rock burst early warning and protection system and method based on active pressure relief

Abstract

This invention discloses a rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. The system includes: a field monitoring device installed at the monitored location in the surrounding rock to collect pressure signals, analyze the pressure signals to obtain stress data, perform graded on-site early warnings based on the stress data, and transmit the stress data to a network transmission device; the network transmission device transmits the stress data to a monitoring center, which analyzes the stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to user terminals. The field monitoring device also performs pressure relief processing upon receiving a manual trigger command or when the stress reaches an automatic trigger threshold. Through the organic combination of passive wireless sensing, intelligent closed-loop control, networked deployment, and controllable pressure relief, a technological leap from passive defense to active prevention and control is achieved, featuring strong real-time performance, high reliability, fast response, good construction adaptability, and superior safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering and tunnel construction safety technology, specifically to a rockburst early warning and protection system and method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. Background Technology

[0002] In deeply buried tunnels, especially hard rock tunnels constructed using the drill-and-blast method, rockburst hazards caused by high ground stress pose a significant threat to construction safety. A rockburst is the sudden and violent release of elastic strain energy accumulated in the surrounding rock, leading to rock fracturing and ejection. Its occurrence is sudden, violent, and unpredictable, posing a great risk to personnel, equipment, and support structures. The prevention and control of rockbursts is a comprehensive problem involving geology, mechanics, and construction. Existing technological approaches mainly revolve around three core concepts: "stress transfer," "energy release," and "support reinforcement," specifically including:

[0003] Monitoring and early warning: This is the foundation of prevention and control. Traditional methods mainly rely on geological advance prediction (such as TSP and ground-penetrating radar), observation of macroscopic phenomena during construction (such as rock spalling sounds, spalling, and changes in borehole rock powder), and point-based stress / strain monitoring. Point-based monitoring typically uses wired vibrating wire stress gauges, grating fiber optic sensors, or resistance strain gauges. These methods either have delayed early warnings, limited monitoring range, complex wiring, and are easily damaged during blasting operations (wired sensors), making it difficult to achieve real-time, continuous, remote, and large-area perception of the stress field evolution throughout the entire excavated disturbance area.

[0004] Release and decompression: These are key control measures. Common methods include: ① Drilling decompression: Drilling large-diameter, dense decompression holes in stress concentration areas to provide space for surrounding rock deformation and slowly release energy. This method is effective, but the drilling workload is large, the decompression efficiency is relatively low, and it cannot achieve precise on-demand triggering. ② Blasting decompression: Loosening blasting is carried out in the deep part of the surrounding rock to artificially create fracture zones to release stress. This method has a strong decompression effect, but improper control may aggravate damage to the surrounding rock, and it requires interruption of normal construction for specialized operations, has high safety requirements, and cannot be automated. ③ Hydraulic fracturing: High-pressure water is used to create cracks in the rock mass in boreholes. This method has good controllability, but it requires a complex high-pressure pumping equipment, the construction is relatively cumbersome, and it affects the fissure water environment of the surrounding rock.

[0005] Support and reinforcement: Improve the impact resistance of the surrounding rock surface, such as by using high-ductility, high-energy-absorbing steel fiber reinforced concrete, energy-absorbing anchor bolts / cables, etc. This is a form of "passive defense," designed to withstand the dynamic impact of a rockburst, rather than preventing it from occurring.

[0006] Current rockburst prevention and control technology systems are generally still in a stage of "primarily passive response with limited proactive prevention," particularly lacking in the integration of real-time monitoring and early warning with precise and proactive pressure relief. In existing systems, monitoring and early warning systems are often separate from pressure relief execution systems. Monitoring data is used for risk assessment, followed by manual decision-making and implementation of pressure relief measures. This results in a long "information perception-decision-execution" chain, slow response, reliance on experience, and difficulty in keeping pace with the rapid deployment of drill-and-blast methods.

[0007] Chinese invention patent CN119373515A discloses a high-pressure expansion device and its construction method for preventing rockbursts in tunnels. The device integrates an expansion agent, a reactant, a piezoelectric sensor, and a solenoid valve within a housing, embedded at the bottom of the anchor bolt hole. When the surrounding rock deformation and compression sensor reaches a threshold, the solenoid valve opens, causing the reactant mixture to generate high-pressure gas, which then fractures the surrounding rock mass to relieve pressure. The limitations of this technology are: firstly, the signal generated by the piezoelectric sensor is only used for internal circuit triggering, making it a closed system that cannot transmit valuable stress / strain data reflecting precursors of rockbursts in real time for analysis, early warning, and macro-level decision-making by construction personnel. Secondly, the triggering logic is simple and fixed, relying entirely on preset mechanical or electrical thresholds, lacking a flexible triggering mechanism based on remote manual intervention and comprehensive analysis of multi-source information. Thirdly, it is essentially still an isolated "sensing-execution" unit, failing to form a networked and systematic intelligent prevention and control system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rockburst early warning and protection system and method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

[0009] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] In a first aspect, the first embodiment of the present invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, comprising: a field monitoring device, a network transmission device, and a monitoring center;

[0011] The on-site monitoring device is installed at the location of the surrounding rock to be monitored, collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, performs graded on-site early warning of the stress data, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device.

[0012] The network transmission device is used to transmit stress data to the monitoring center.

[0013] The monitoring center performs data analysis based on stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to user terminals.

[0014] The on-site monitoring device is also used to perform pressure relief when a manual trigger command is received or when the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

[0015] Furthermore, the on-site monitoring device includes a wireless pressure sensor, a control module, and an expansion reaction generator;

[0016] The wireless pressure sensor is used to collect surrounding rock pressure signals and send the pressure signals to the control module;

[0017] The control module is used to receive pressure signals and perform stress analysis to obtain stress data. Based on the stress data, it performs graded dynamic on-site early warning and transmits stress data to the network transmission device. When it receives a manual trigger command or the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold, it sends an action trigger signal to the expansion reaction generator.

[0018] The expansion reaction generator is used to mix the reagents according to the action trigger signal to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas that acts on the surrounding rock of the borehole wall.

[0019] Furthermore, the control module includes a wireless transceiver unit, a microprocessor, a trigger control unit, and a field alarm unit;

[0020] The wireless transceiver unit is used to receive pressure signals sent by the wireless pressure sensor and manual trigger commands sent by the monitoring center.

[0021] The microprocessor is used to analyze the pressure signal to obtain stress data, perform on-site early warning classification based on the stress data, and send a trigger command to the trigger control unit, an alarm control command to the on-site alarm unit, and a data transmission control command to the wireless transceiver unit when a manual trigger command is received or the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

[0022] The trigger control unit is used to send an action trigger signal to the expansion reaction generator according to the trigger command;

[0023] The on-site alarm unit is used to provide on-site early warning based on alarm control commands.

[0024] Furthermore, the control module also includes an energy storage and management unit, which is used to power the microprocessor, the wireless transceiver unit, and the expansion reaction generator.

[0025] Furthermore, the expansion reaction generator includes a reagent compartment, which includes a main compartment and a secondary compartment. The main compartment is used to store the expansion agent, and the secondary compartment is used to store the reactant. The main compartment and the secondary compartment are isolated from each other by a controllable actuator.

[0026] Furthermore, the controllable actuator is a solenoid valve or an electric rupture diaphragm.

[0027] Furthermore, the on-site alarm unit includes a high-brightness LED light and a buzzer.

[0028] Furthermore, the visualization charts include stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps for each monitored part.

[0029] Secondly, another embodiment of the present invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, applicable to the rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief described in the above embodiments, the method comprising:

[0030] The on-site monitoring device collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, classifies the stress data for on-site early warning, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device.

[0031] The network transmission device transmits stress data to the monitoring center;

[0032] The monitoring center performs data analysis based on stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on the set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to the user terminal.

[0033] The on-site monitoring device will depressurize when it receives a manual trigger command or when the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

[0034] Furthermore, the visualization charts include stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps for each monitored part.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0036] This invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection system and method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. It collects surrounding rock pressure signals through on-site monitoring devices, processes the pressure signals, and performs graded early warning based on stress data. The stress data is transmitted to a monitoring center via a network transmission device. When the stress reaches an automatic trigger threshold, pressure relief is initiated. The monitoring center analyzes the stress data and generates visual charts, issues early warnings based on set thresholds, and sends manual trigger commands to the on-site monitoring devices. The on-site monitoring devices then perform pressure relief based on these commands. Pressure relief can be automatically triggered by the on-site monitoring devices based on local automatic trigger thresholds, or manually, precisely, and selectively triggered by remote personnel based on global information, greatly improving the flexibility and scientific nature of prevention and control. Through the organic combination of passive wireless sensing, intelligent closed-loop control, networked deployment, and controllable pressure relief, it achieves a technological leap from passive defense to active prevention and control. It possesses comprehensive technical advantages such as strong real-time performance, high reliability, fast response, good construction adaptability, and excellent safety, making it suitable for intelligent rockburst prevention and control in high-stress tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 A structural principle block diagram of a rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the arrangement of a rockburst early warning and protection system for a drill-and-blast tunnel based on active pressure relief, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the field monitoring device arranged inside a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control module in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates a rockburst early warning and protection method for tunnels using the active pressure relief drilling and blasting method, provided as another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in the first embodiment of the present invention, a rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief is provided. The system includes: a field monitoring device, a network transmission device, and a monitoring center. The field monitoring device is installed at the monitored location in the surrounding rock, collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, performs graded on-site early warning based on the stress data, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device. The network transmission device transmits the stress data to the monitoring center, which analyzes the stress data, generates visual charts, issues early warnings based on set early warning thresholds, and sends the early warning information to user terminals. The field monitoring device also performs pressure relief processing when it receives a manual trigger command or when the stress reaches an automatic trigger threshold. The network transmission device is a wireless communication network. Multiple field monitoring devices and the monitoring center together constitute the rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. The field monitoring devices are installed in high-risk sections behind the tunnel face. Based on geological forecasts and experience, they are deployed at certain intervals at key locations such as the arch crown, arch shoulder, and sidewalls, forming a wireless sensor network (WSN). Wireless communication between devices can employ a multi-hop ad hoc network, ultimately aggregating data and transmitting it to the monitoring center via a dedicated 4G / 5G wireless network through one or more wireless base stations / gateways deployed within the tunnel. The monitoring center is located in the ground project headquarters or the safety command center at the tunnel entrance. Its hardware includes servers, workstations, and a large-screen display system. The software platform possesses functions such as data reception and storage, visualization, intelligent analysis and early warning, and remote control.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the on-site monitoring device has a slender cylindrical structure and is installed at the monitoring location in the surrounding rock 1. The main body is a corrosion-resistant, high-strength alloy shell 4, designed to be buried deep within the borehole 2. Its internal design adopts a modular approach, integrating the following core functional modules from top to bottom or in sections: a wireless pressure sensor 5, a control module 6, and an expansion reaction generator 7.

[0046] The wireless pressure sensor 5 employs a surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure sensor. The SAW pressure sensor itself has no power supply; its interdigital transducers and reflective gratings on its substrate form a resonator. When the wireless pressure sensor is subjected to surrounding rock pressure, the substrate material deforms, causing changes in the SAW propagation speed and resonant frequency. The control module 6 within the device periodically transmits radio frequency query pulses to the SAW pressure sensor via an antenna. After receiving the pulse signal, the reflected echo of the SAW pressure sensor at its current resonant frequency (corresponding to the real-time pressure value) is received by the same antenna, thus achieving wireless passive acquisition of stress data. By measuring the echo frequency offset, the pressure value applied by the surrounding rock can be calculated. The entire process requires no power supply to the sensor, achieving true passive wireless sensing. In this embodiment, the selection of the SAW pressure sensor scheme is not accidental, but rather the optimal technical match for the specific application scenario of tunnel rockburst prevention. Its core value lies in completely solving the four major challenges of power supply, wiring, long-term reliability, and real-time performance of traditional wired sensors and ordinary wireless sensors in the harsh environment of tunnels.

[0047] like Figure 4As shown, control module 6 is the brain of the field monitoring device. Its core is a low-power microprocessor 61 (MCU). The microprocessor 61 analyzes pressure signals to obtain stress data, performs field early warning classification based on the stress data, and sends trigger commands to the trigger control unit, alarm control commands to the field alarm unit, and data transmission control commands to the wireless transceiver unit when it receives a manual trigger command or the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold. The microprocessor 61 is connected to the wireless transceiver unit 62, the energy storage and management unit 63, the trigger control unit 64, and the field alarm unit 65. The wireless transceiver unit 62 receives pressure signals from the wireless pressure sensor 5 and manual trigger commands from the monitoring center 9. The energy storage and management unit 63 powers the microprocessor, the wireless transceiver unit, and the expansion reaction generator. The trigger control unit 64 sends action trigger signals to the expansion reaction generator according to the trigger commands. The field alarm unit 65 provides field early warnings based on alarm control commands. The wireless transceiver unit 62 uses a wireless communication protocol suitable for underground tunnels. The wireless transceiver unit 62 has dual functions: first, it acts as a reader, wirelessly interacting with the internal passive wireless pressure sensor 5 to acquire pressure data; second, it acts as a transmission node, establishing a communication link with the base station in the tunnel or directly with the monitoring center 9 via a self-organizing network or multi-hop relay, uploading monitoring data, and receiving control commands from the monitoring center 9. The energy storage and management unit 63 includes a rechargeable battery and a supercapacitor, powering the microprocessor 62, the wireless transceiver unit 62, and the controllable actuator (solenoid valve). The supercapacitor can provide a large instantaneous current when triggering is required. The trigger control unit 64 receives commands from the MCU and controls the operation of the solenoid valve. The on-site alarm unit 65 integrates a high-brightness LED light and a buzzer, controlled by the microprocessor 61, providing an on-site audible and visual alarm when a warning threshold is reached, alerting nearby workers.

[0048] The expansion reaction generator 7 includes a reagent compartment, a controllable actuator, and a reaction and pressure relief structure. The reagent compartment employs a compartmentalized design. Typically, the main compartment stores solid expanding agents, such as thermite, while the secondary compartment stores liquid reactants, such as an aqueous solution of an oxidant. The selection and proportioning of the reagents are calculated to ensure that the mixture generates sufficient gas pressure to induce radial fractures in the surrounding rock mass, typically on the order of tens of megapascals. The controllable actuator uses a highly reliable miniature solenoid valve or an electrically ruptured diaphragm as an isolation barrier. Under normal conditions, it tightly isolates the two types of reagents. When a trigger signal is received from the control module, the solenoid valve is energized and opens, or the diaphragm rupture mechanism actuates, allowing the reagents to mix. The reaction and pressure relief structure: After the reagents are mixed, a rapid chemical reaction occurs, generating a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This high-pressure gas acts on the surrounding rock of the borehole wall through pre-set pressure relief holes on the outer shell or by directly fracturing the flexible inner liner. To guide the direction of pressure relief, several axial pre-cut slits can be pre-fabricated on the rock wall at the bottom of the borehole before installation, so that high-pressure gas can preferentially expand along these weak surfaces to form the expected radial pressure relief fracture network.

[0049] Multiple field monitoring devices are installed at the bottom of the deepened boreholes in the tunnel rockburst risk zone (such as the arch crown and arch shoulder). High-strength grouting material 3 is injected into the boreholes to couple the field monitoring devices with the surrounding rock. The field monitoring devices are connected to the monitoring center via a wireless network to form a monitoring network.

[0050] The internal software of monitoring center 9 analyzes the acquired stress data, and the analysis results are displayed through the software interface, showing the stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps of each monitored location. Based on the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock and the results of in-situ stress tests, technicians set multiple warning thresholds, for example: a first-level warning at 50% of the compressive strength, a second-level warning at 70% of the compressive strength, and an automatic trigger threshold at 85% of the compressive strength.

[0051] Wireless pressure sensor 5 collects stress data in real time. Control module 6 provides graded on-site early warnings based on the stress data and transmits the stress data to a network transmission device. The network transmission device then sends the stress data to the monitoring center. When the stress at a certain point rises to the first-level threshold, the icon for that point on the monitoring center 9 interface turns yellow and the event is recorded. The on-site alarm unit 65 flashes a yellow light. When the stress rises to the second-level threshold, the monitoring center 9 issues an audible and visual alarm, the icon for that point turns red, and a text message warning is sent to the relevant personnel. The on-site alarm unit 65 flashes a red light and sounds an alarm. Technicians can view the stress data through the monitoring center to assess the risk development trend. If it is determined that immediate pressure relief is necessary, they can click on the device icon on the monitoring center 9 software interface to issue a manual trigger command. The manual command is transmitted to the control module 6 of the corresponding on-site monitoring device via the network transmission device. Control module 6 connects the solenoid valve circuit, opening the solenoid valve to mix the expanding agent and the reactant. The vigorous reaction between the expanding agent and the reactant generates a large amount of high-pressure gas and heat. The pressure is released through the pressure relief hole in the shell, causing a radial crack network to form in the surrounding rock at the bottom of the borehole, thereby achieving stress release. The entire process can also be completed autonomously by the on-site monitoring device when the stress reaches a preset higher automatic trigger threshold. It achieves both automatic and remote manual triggering modes, enabling on-demand, precise, and timely stress release. The automated decompression process reduces the time personnel spend working in hazardous areas, improving construction safety.

[0052] This invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. The on-site monitoring device collects surrounding rock pressure signals, processes these signals, and provides graded early warnings for stress data. The stress data is transmitted to the monitoring center via a network transmission device. When the stress reaches an automatic trigger threshold, pressure relief is initiated. The monitoring center analyzes the stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on set thresholds, and sends manual trigger commands to the on-site monitoring device. The on-site monitoring device then performs pressure relief based on these commands. Pressure relief can be automatically triggered by the on-site monitoring device based on local automatic trigger thresholds, or manually, precisely, and selectively triggered by remote personnel based on global information, greatly improving the flexibility and scientific nature of the prevention and control. Through the organic combination of passive wireless sensing, intelligent closed-loop control, networked deployment, and controllable pressure relief, a technological leap from passive defense to active prevention and control is achieved. It possesses comprehensive technical advantages such as strong real-time performance, high reliability, fast response, good construction adaptability, and superior safety, making it suitable for intelligent rockburst prevention and control in high-stress tunnels.

[0053] Using a passive wireless pressure sensor as the basic sensing element and equipped with a wireless transceiver unit with two-way communication capability, it can sense pressure in real time and send pressure data to the monitoring center, realizing the transparency and remote monitoring of data.

[0054] like Figure 5As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, applicable to the rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief described in the first embodiment above. The method includes:

[0055] The on-site monitoring device collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, classifies the stress data for on-site early warning, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device.

[0056] The network transmission device transmits stress data to the monitoring center;

[0057] The monitoring center performs data analysis based on stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on the set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to the user terminal.

[0058] The on-site monitoring device will depressurize when it receives a manual trigger command or when the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

[0059] The visualization charts include stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps for each monitored part.

[0060] This invention provides a rockburst early warning and protection method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief. An on-site monitoring device collects and processes the surrounding rock pressure signal, performs graded early warning on the stress data, and transmits the stress data to the monitoring center via a network transmission device. When the stress reaches an automatic trigger threshold, pressure relief is initiated. The monitoring center analyzes the stress data, generates visual charts, issues an early warning based on the set threshold, and sends a manual trigger command to the on-site monitoring device. The on-site monitoring device then performs pressure relief based on the manual trigger command. Pressure relief can be automatically triggered by the on-site monitoring device based on the local automatic trigger threshold, or manually, precisely, and selectively triggered by remote personnel based on global information, greatly improving the flexibility and scientific nature of prevention and control. This method achieves a technological leap from passive defense to active prevention and control through the organic combination of passive wireless sensing, intelligent closed-loop control, networked deployment, and controllable pressure relief. It has comprehensive technical effects such as strong real-time performance, high reliability, fast response, good construction adaptability, and excellent safety, and is suitable for intelligent rockburst prevention and control in high-stress tunnels.

[0061] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, characterized in that, include: On-site monitoring devices, network transmission devices, and a monitoring center; The on-site monitoring device is installed at the location of the surrounding rock to be monitored, collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, performs graded on-site early warning of the stress data, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device. The network transmission device is used to transmit stress data to the monitoring center. The monitoring center performs data analysis based on stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to user terminals. The on-site monitoring device is also used to perform pressure relief when a manual trigger command is received or when the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

2. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The on-site monitoring device includes a wireless pressure sensor, a control module, and an expansion reaction generator; The wireless pressure sensor is used to collect surrounding rock pressure signals and send the pressure signals to the control module; The control module is used to receive pressure signals and perform stress analysis to obtain stress data. Based on the stress data, it performs graded dynamic on-site early warning and transmits stress data to the network transmission device. When it receives a manual trigger command or the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold, it sends an action trigger signal to the expansion reaction generator. The expansion reaction generator is used to mix the reagents according to the action trigger signal to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas that acts on the surrounding rock of the borehole wall.

3. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The control module includes a wireless transceiver unit, a microprocessor, a trigger control unit, and a field alarm unit; The wireless transceiver unit is used to receive pressure signals sent by the wireless pressure sensor and manual trigger commands sent by the monitoring center. The microprocessor is used to analyze the pressure signal to obtain stress data, perform on-site early warning classification based on the stress data, and send a trigger command to the trigger control unit, an alarm control command to the on-site alarm unit, and a data transmission control command to the wireless transceiver unit when a manual trigger command is received or the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold. The trigger control unit is used to send an action trigger signal to the expansion reaction generator according to the trigger command; The on-site alarm unit is used to provide on-site early warning based on alarm control commands.

4. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The control module also includes an energy storage and management unit, which is used to power the microprocessor, the wireless transceiver unit, and the expansion reaction generator.

5. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The expansion reaction generator includes a reagent compartment, which includes a main compartment and a secondary compartment. The main compartment is used to store the expansion agent, and the secondary compartment is used to store the reactant. The main compartment and the secondary compartment are isolated from each other by a controllable actuator.

6. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The controllable actuator is a solenoid valve or an electric rupture diaphragm.

7. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The on-site alarm unit includes a high-brightness LED light and a buzzer.

8. The rockburst early warning and protection system for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The visualization charts include stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps for each monitored part.

9. A method for early warning and protection of rockburst in drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief, characterized in that, The method applicable to the active pressure relief-based drill-and-blast tunnel rockburst early warning and protection system as described in any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising: The on-site monitoring device collects the surrounding rock pressure signal, analyzes the pressure signal to obtain stress data, classifies the stress data for on-site early warning, and transmits the stress data to the network transmission device. The network transmission device transmits stress data to the monitoring center; The monitoring center performs data analysis based on stress data, generates visual charts, issues warnings based on the set warning thresholds, and sends the warning information to the user terminal. The on-site monitoring device will depressurize when it receives a manual trigger command or when the stress reaches the automatic trigger threshold.

10. The rockburst early warning and protection method for drill-and-blast tunnels based on active pressure relief as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The visualization charts include stress-time curves and spatial distribution cloud maps for each monitored part.

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