Hydrogen storage filling system and filling method

Abstract

This application relates to a hydrogen storage filling system and its filling method, belonging to the field of hydrogen storage technology. The hydrogen storage filling system includes a hydrogen storage unit, including a multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group; a filling unit, including a filling pipeline and a compressor, the filling pipeline including a main filling pipe and multiple filling branch pipes connected to the main filling pipe, the outlet of the compressor being connected to the main filling pipe, and each of the filling branch pipes being connected to the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group; a switching unit, including a pressure regulating valve and multiple filling valves, the pressure regulating valve being located on the main filling pipe and connected to the outlet of the compressor, and each of the filling branch pipes being provided with a filling valve; and a control device, electrically connected to the compressor and the switching unit, for controlling the operation of the compressor and the switching unit; wherein, the control device is configured to: when switching the hydrogen storage cylinder group, the pressure regulating valve adjusts the high-pressure hydrogen on the compressor side to the current pressure matching the target hydrogen storage cylinder group before outputting it.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and in particular to a hydrogen storage filling system and its filling method. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has become the most mainstream storage method for large-scale hydrogen energy applications due to its advantages such as high technological maturity, fast hydrogen filling and discharging speed, and relatively simple equipment structure. To further improve hydrogen storage efficiency and optimize the hydrogen filling and supply process, the industry generally adopts a multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group tiered storage mode, among which the three-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group configuration is the most common. By classifying and managing multiple hydrogen storage cylinders according to pressure level, the tiered storage and on-demand supply of hydrogen can be achieved.

[0003] Existing three-stage hydrogen storage cylinder filling systems typically consist of a compressor, filling pipelines, multiple hydrogen storage cylinder groups, and corresponding valve control components. During system operation, the compressor sequentially pressurizes and fills the three stages of hydrogen storage cylinder groups with different pressure levels via the filling pipelines: first, hydrogen is filled into the first-stage cylinder group to its rated pressure; once the first-stage cylinder group is full, the system switches to the second-stage cylinder group for further filling, and so on, until the second-stage cylinder group is full, before switching back to the third-stage cylinder group, and so on, completing the hydrogen storage for each cylinder group in this manner. The cylinder groups at different levels are switched on and off via filling branch pipes and corresponding control valves, and the entire filling process proceeds sequentially according to the cylinder group level. However, in existing three-stage hydrogen storage cylinder filling systems, after a stage of the cylinder is filled to its rated pressure, the system directly closes the valve corresponding to the current cylinder and opens the valve corresponding to the next empty or low-pressure cylinder for filling. Due to the large pressure difference between adjacent cylinder stages, the load pressure at the compressor outlet drops sharply during the switching, resulting in a precipitous drop in outlet pressure and extremely large pressure fluctuations. This drastic pressure drop can easily cause problems such as compressor surge and pipeline shock. On the one hand, frequent pressure shocks accelerate the wear and aging of core components such as compressor seals, valve cores, and pipeline connections, significantly shortening the service life of the compressor and hydrogen storage pipeline system and significantly increasing equipment maintenance costs. On the other hand, drastic pressure fluctuations can disrupt the stability of system operation and even pose safety hazards such as overpressure and leakage, seriously restricting the safe and efficient operation of hydrogen storage and filling equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem of compressor surge and pipeline impact that easily occur during cylinder switching in existing multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder filling systems, this application provides a hydrogen storage filling system.

[0005] Firstly, the hydrogen storage and filling system provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A hydrogen storage and filling system, comprising: Hydrogen storage unit, including multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group; A filling unit includes a filling pipeline and a compressor. The filling pipeline includes a main filling pipe and multiple filling branch pipes connected to the main filling pipe. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the main filling pipe, and each of the filling branch pipes is connected to the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group. The switching unit includes a pressure regulating valve and multiple filling valves. The pressure regulating valve is located on the main filling pipe and communicates with the outlet of the compressor. Each of the filling branch pipes is equipped with a filling valve. A control device, electrically connected to the compressor and the switching unit, is used to control the operation of the compressor and the switching unit; The control device is configured such that, during the switching of the hydrogen storage cylinder group, the pressure regulating valve adjusts the high-pressure hydrogen on the compressor side to the current pressure matching the target hydrogen storage cylinder group before outputting it.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, it can act as a pressure matching buffer device between the compressor outlet and the target cylinder group during hydrogen storage cylinder group switching. By adjusting the hydrogen flow cross section to change the fluid resistance, precise control of the output pressure can be achieved, so that the downstream output pressure always matches the current pressure of the target cylinder group, while the pressure on the compressor outlet side remains relatively stable upstream of the pressure regulating valve. This confines the pressure jump at the moment of switching to both ends of the pressure regulating valve, avoiding pressure shock directly acting on the compressor outlet. This solves the problem of compressor surge and pipeline shock that are easily caused by cylinder group switching in existing multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group filling systems.

[0007] Optionally, the switching unit further includes a bypass shut-off valve, which is connected in parallel with the pressure regulating valve.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solutions, on the one hand, the pressure regulating valve undertakes all the on / off and hydrogen transportation tasks during the normal pressurization and filling stage. The actual working time of the pressure regulating valve is greatly reduced to only a short period during the cylinder group switching transition. The number of start-stop operations and the cumulative pressure-bearing time are greatly reduced, and the wear rate of core components such as valve core seals is significantly reduced, thereby helping to extend the overall service life of the pressure regulating valve. On the other hand, the bypass shut-off valve, as a simple conventional on / off valve, has low manufacturing cost and is easy to maintain. The low-cost and easy-to-maintain bypass shut-off valve shares the high-pressure transportation work that was originally borne by the pressure regulating valve for a long time, which helps to reduce the failure probability of the pressure regulating valve and the overall operation and maintenance cost of the system.

[0009] Optionally, each of the filling branch pipes is equipped with a one-way valve to allow hydrogen to flow unidirectionally into the hydrogen storage cylinder group along the filling branch pipe.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow of hydrogen can be controlled, pressure isolation between hydrogen storage cylinder groups at each level can be ensured, and hydrogen stored in the high-pressure cylinder group can be prevented from flowing back into the low-pressure side pipeline or other cylinder groups due to pipeline cross-connection during the switching process.

[0011] Optionally, each of the filling branch pipes is further provided with an emergency shut-off valve to control the opening and closing of the filling branch pipe.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, on the one hand, it can form a dual valve protection with the filling valve. Even if the filling valve fails to close in time due to component wear, electrical faults or loss of control signals, the emergency shut-off valve can still quickly cut off the branch pipe passage, realizing redundant backup of safety functions and avoiding the safety risk of the system losing its shut-off capability due to the failure of a single valve. On the other hand, it can limit the scope of the fault to a single filling branch pipe and the corresponding bottle group, preventing the local fault from spreading to other bottle groups or the main pipeline of the system, thereby ensuring the operational safety of the remaining normal bottle groups and the system as a whole.

[0013] Optionally, the pressure regulating valve includes a proportional pressure regulating valve.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, on the one hand, its continuous stepless adjustment capability can be utilized to ensure that the output pressure is precisely controlled within a range that closely matches the current pressure of the target bottle group. This avoids the inherent pressure jumps and residual shocks between stages when using multi-stage switching valve groups for stepped pressure reduction. The pressure regulation process is smoother and more delicate, and the pressure stability at the compressor outlet is more fully guaranteed. On the other hand, since the output pressure of the proportional pressure regulating valve has a linear proportional relationship with the control signal, it can provide a good execution basis for the precise control of the control device. This allows the control device to achieve precise setting of the output pressure through simple signal value adjustment, without the need for complex multi-valve coordination switching logic, thereby helping to simplify the complexity and control difficulty of the control system.

[0015] Optionally, a first pressure sensor is provided between the compressor and the pressure regulating valve, a second pressure sensor is provided for each of the filling branch pipes, and a third pressure sensor is provided for each of the hydrogen storage cylinder groups.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, in the pressure stabilization transition stage during bottle group switching, the third pressure sensor provides the precise current pressure value of the target bottle group, enabling the control device to determine the target output pressure setpoint of the pressure regulating valve. This avoids pressure regulation deviations caused by relying solely on estimation or fixed value settings, thus improving the accuracy of pressure matching. The first and second pressure sensors work together to form a real-time feedback loop. By comparing the pressure difference data between the two sensors, the control device can assess in real time whether the actual pressure regulation output of the pressure regulating valve matches the target setting, and promptly adjust the control signal to correct any deviations, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the pressure regulation process.

[0017] Optionally, the hydrogen storage and filling system further includes a purging pipeline, which includes a purging main pipe and multiple purging branch pipes that are interconnected. The multiple purging branch pipes are respectively connected to multiple filling branch pipes. The purging main pipe is provided with a first purging valve, and each of the purging branch pipes is provided with a second purging valve.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, in scenarios such as the initial commissioning of the hydrogen storage filling system, reuse after maintenance, or restart after a long-term shutdown, residual air, water vapor, or other impurities may remain inside the filling pipeline and hydrogen storage cylinder group. If these residual gases are not removed before hydrogen is directly added, it may cause a decrease in hydrogen purity, affecting the use of downstream hydrogen-using equipment. Furthermore, the mixing of oxygen in the air with hydrogen in the pipeline may form an explosive mixture, posing a serious safety hazard. Therefore, by setting up a purging pipeline, on the one hand, the air, water vapor, and other impurities inside the pipeline and cylinder group can be completely replaced and discharged through the purging of inert gas, eliminating the risk of hydrogen mixing with residual oxygen in the pipeline to form an explosive atmosphere. On the other hand, it can remove water vapor and particulate impurities inside the pipeline, preventing these impurities from mixing with hydrogen during the filling process, which could lead to a decrease in hydrogen storage purity or wear and corrosion of precision components such as valve sealing surfaces.

[0019] Secondly, the filling method provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A filling method based on the aforementioned hydrogen storage and filling system, wherein the multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group includes a primary hydrogen storage cylinder group and a secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group, and the plurality of filling branch pipes include a first filling branch pipe and a second filling branch pipe, the filling method comprising: S10: Open the bypass shut-off valve, close the pressure regulating valve, and simultaneously open the filling valve on the first filling branch pipe, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor is filled into the first-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve and the first filling branch pipe. S20: When the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group is filled to the target pressure, open the pressure regulating valve and the filling valve on the second filling branch pipe, and at the same time close the bypass shut-off valve and the filling valve on the first filling branch pipe, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor is filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group through the pressure regulating valve and the second filling branch pipe.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the filling process is divided into two working stages: a direct-flow pressurization stage and a pressure regulation transition stage. The workload of the bypass shut-off valve and the pressure regulating valve is rationally allocated in each stage, thus achieving a balance between filling efficiency and switching safety. During the direct-flow pressurization stage, the bypass shut-off valve opens to provide an unobstructed direct path, ensuring maximum filling efficiency. Simultaneously, the pressure regulating valve is under zero load, effectively protecting it and extending its service life. During hydrogen storage cylinder switching, the pressure regulating valve intervenes to buffer and regulate the pressure, ensuring that the compressor outlet pressure remains stable before and after the switch. This prevents a sudden pressure drop caused by the high pressure of the first-stage cylinder directly facing the low pressure of the second-stage cylinder, eliminating pressure surge fluctuations during switching and helping to protect the compressor and piping system from surge and impact damage caused by sudden pressure changes.

[0021] Optionally, a first pressure sensor is provided between the compressor and the pressure regulating valve, and a second pressure sensor is provided in each of the filling branch pipes; Following step S20, the method further includes: When the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is less than a preset threshold, the bypass shut-off valve is opened and the pressure regulating valve is closed, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor is filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve and the second filling branch pipe.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, during the initial stage of the switching transition when the pressure difference across the pressure regulating valve is large, the pressure regulating valve remains operational to provide necessary pressure buffer protection, preventing high pressure from directly impacting the pipelines and equipment on the low-pressure bottle group side. As the bottle group pressure gradually increases, the pressure difference across the two ends naturally decreases. When the pressure difference drops below the preset threshold, the system exits the pressure regulating protection mode and switches to a straight-through mode, eliminating unnecessary flow resistance losses and reduced filling efficiency caused by the pressure regulating valve continuing to maintain pressure regulating status under low pressure difference conditions.

[0023] Optionally, step S20 may further include: When the pressure regulating valve is opened, the control device determines the target opening degree of the pressure regulating valve based on the current initial pressure value of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group, and controls the pressure regulating valve to move to the target opening degree to cut off the flow and reduce the pressure.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, and by pre-determining the target opening degree and directly controlling the pressure regulating valve to operate at that opening degree, the search and adjustment process in traditional closed-loop control is transformed into feedforward precise positioning. The pressure regulating valve opens and is in position immediately, and the output pressure is matched instantaneously. This can significantly shorten the pressure transition response time and more effectively suppress the pressure shock at the moment of switching from both the time and amplitude dimensions of pressure fluctuations. On the other hand, it enables the system to have adaptive processing capabilities for different operating conditions. Regardless of the initial pressure level of the target cylinder group, the control device can accurately match the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve according to its actual value. This ensures that the system can maintain a consistent and smooth transition effect when switching between cylinder groups with different residual pressures, avoiding the matching deviation problem that occurs when using a fixed opening preset value when facing different initial pressures. This helps to improve the control robustness of the hydrogen storage and filling system under diverse operating conditions and the consistency of the filling process.

[0025] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By installing a pressure regulating valve on the filling main pipe and connecting it to the compressor outlet, and cooperating with the control device to control the pressure regulating valve during the switching of hydrogen storage cylinder groups, the high-pressure hydrogen on the compressor side is adjusted to match the current pressure of the target hydrogen storage cylinder group before being output. This allows the pressure regulating valve to act as a pressure matching buffer between the compressor outlet and the target cylinder group at the moment of switching, constraining the pressure jump at the moment of switching to both ends of the pressure regulating valve, avoiding pressure shock directly acting on the compressor outlet. This improves the compressor surge and pipeline impact problems caused by the cliff-like pressure drop at the compressor outlet during cylinder group switching, protects the compressor seals, valve cores and pipeline connectors and other core components from repeated impact loads, extends the service life of the equipment and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system. 2. By setting a bypass shut-off valve in parallel with the pressure regulating valve, the filling process is divided into a direct pressurization stage and a pressure regulating transition stage. During the normal pressurization filling stage, the bypass shut-off valve undertakes all hydrogen delivery tasks, while the pressure regulating valve is in a closed and unloaded state throughout the process, only opening during the short period of cylinder group switching. This significantly reduces the actual working time and cumulative pressure-bearing time of the pressure regulating valve, significantly reduces the wear rate of its valve core seals and other precision components, and effectively extends the service life of the pressure regulating valve. At the same time, the low-cost and easy-to-maintain bypass shut-off valve shares the high-pressure delivery work, reducing the overall operation and maintenance cost of the system. 3. By monitoring the real-time differential pressure based on the first and second pressure sensors, the pressure regulation protection mode is automatically switched to the direct filling mode when the differential pressure is less than the preset threshold. Combined with a feedforward control strategy that determines the target opening degree of the pressure regulating valve based on the initial pressure of the target bottle group, on the one hand, the pressure regulating valve provides necessary pressure buffer protection when the differential pressure is large in the initial stage of the switching transition. After the differential pressure is reduced to a safe range, the pressure regulation state is promptly exited to eliminate unnecessary flow resistance loss and ensure filling efficiency. On the other hand, the output pressure is instantly matched by opening the pressure regulating valve to the target opening degree in one step, which greatly shortens the pressure transition response time and effectively suppresses the pressure shock at the moment of switching. Thus, a balance between safety and filling efficiency and adaptive and precise control for different working conditions are achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the hydrogen storage and filling system provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control device involved in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first process of the filling method provided in this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Hydrogen storage and filling system; 1. Hydrogen storage unit; 11. Hydrogen storage cylinder group; 11a. Primary hydrogen storage cylinder group; 11b. Secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group; 2. Filling unit; 21. Filling pipeline; 211. Main filling pipe; 212. Filling branch pipe; 212a. First filling branch pipe; 212b. Second filling branch pipe; 22. Compressor; 3. Switching unit; 31. Pressure regulating valve; 32. Filling valve; 33. Bypass shut-off valve; 34. Check valve; 35. Emergency shut-off valve; 41. First pressure sensor; 42. Second pressure sensor; 5. Purge pipeline; 51. Main purging pipe; 511. First purging valve; 52. Purge branch pipe; 521. Second purging valve. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0029] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1A hydrogen storage and filling system 100 includes a hydrogen storage unit 1, a filling unit 2, a switching unit 3, and a control device. The hydrogen storage unit 1 includes a multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. The filling unit 2 includes a filling pipeline 21 and a compressor 22. The filling pipeline 21 includes a main filling pipe 211 and multiple filling branch pipes 212 connected to the main filling pipe 211. The compressor 22 is connected to the main filling pipe 211, and each filling branch pipe 212 is connected to a corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. The switching unit 3 includes an adjustment... The pressure regulating valve 31 is located on the main filling pipe 211 and is connected to the outlet of the compressor 22. Each filling branch pipe 212 is equipped with a filling valve 32. The control device is electrically connected to the compressor 22 and the switching unit 3 to control the operation of the compressor 22 and the switching unit 3. The control device is configured such that when the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 is switched, the pressure regulating valve 31 adjusts the high-pressure hydrogen on the compressor 22 side to match the current pressure of the target hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 before outputting it.

[0030] It is understood that each level of hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 is usually composed of several high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders connected in parallel. The filling pressure of each level of cylinder group can be the same or different, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this. The filling unit 2 includes a filling pipeline 21 and a compressor 22. The filling pipeline 21 consists of a main filling pipe 211 and multiple filling branch pipes 212. The main filling pipe 211 is the main channel for hydrogen transportation. Each filling branch pipe 212 branches out from the main filling pipe 211 and is connected to the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. The compressor 22 is installed on the main filling pipe 211 and is used to compress and pressurize the low-pressure hydrogen before outputting it. The switching unit 3 includes a pressure regulating valve 31 and multiple filling valves 32. The pressure regulating valve 31 is located on the main filling pipe 211 and is connected to the outlet of the compressor 22. The pressure regulating valve 31 is a valve that enables continuously adjustable pressure output and is used to regulate the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen output from the compressor 22. Each filling branch pipe 212 is equipped with a filling valve 32. The filling valve 32 can be a solenoid valve, a pneumatic ball valve, or an electric shut-off valve, etc., used to control the opening and closing of each filling branch pipe 212 to achieve selective switching of the filling passages of different hydrogen storage cylinder groups 11. The control device is electrically connected to the compressor 22 and the pressure regulating valve 31 and each filling valve 32 in the switching unit 3. By receiving system operating parameters and executing preset control logic, it coordinates and controls the start-up and shutdown of the compressor 22 and the opening and closing actions of each valve in the switching unit 3.

[0031] It should be noted that in the existing three-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11, when the first-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a is filled to full and then directly switches to the next stage low-pressure cylinder group, the outlet end of the compressor 22 directly faces the target cylinder group with a pressure much lower than the full cylinder pressure. The outlet load pressure instantly drops from the high-pressure full cylinder value to the low-pressure value of the target cylinder group, with a huge pressure drop. To address this, this embodiment installs a pressure regulating valve 31 on the filling main pipe 211, and at the moment of switching, the control device drives the pressure regulating valve 31 to intervene, adjusting and reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen accumulated on the outlet side of the compressor 22 to a level that matches the current internal pressure of the target hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 before it is delivered downstream. This ensures that the load pressure sensed at the outlet end of the compressor 22 is no longer a precipitous drop, but rather a smooth pressure transition achieved through the buffer adjustment of the pressure regulating valve 31. Thus, by setting up a pressure regulating valve 31, it can act as a pressure matching buffer between the outlet of compressor 22 and the target cylinder group when switching hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. By adjusting the hydrogen flow cross section to change the fluid resistance, precise control of the output pressure can be achieved, so that the downstream output pressure always matches the current pressure of the target cylinder group, while the pressure on the outlet side of compressor 22 remains relatively stable upstream of pressure regulating valve 31. This confines the pressure jump at the moment of switching to both ends of pressure regulating valve 31, avoiding pressure shock directly acting on the outlet of compressor 22. This solves the problem that existing multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 filling systems are prone to compressor 22 surge and pipeline shock when switching cylinder groups.

[0032] In one embodiment of this application, the switching unit 3 further includes a bypass shut-off valve 33, which is connected in parallel with the pressure regulating valve 31. Specifically, the two ends of the bypass shut-off valve 33 are connected to the upstream and downstream nodes of the filling main pipe 211 of the pressure regulating valve 31, forming two parallel hydrogen flow paths with the pressure regulating valve 31. The bypass shut-off valve 33 can be a valve with rapid on / off capability, such as an electromagnetic shut-off valve, a pneumatic ball valve, or an electric gate valve. The main function of the bypass shut-off valve 33 is to provide a direct bypass during the normal pressurization filling stage, allowing high-pressure hydrogen to bypass the pressure regulating valve 31 and be directly delivered to the downstream hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. Furthermore, during the normal pressurization and filling phase, i.e., when continuous pressurization and filling of the current cylinder group is carried out without cylinder group switching, the control device opens the bypass shut-off valve 33 and closes the pressure regulating valve 31. The high-pressure hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 is directly delivered to the downstream filling branch pipe 212 and the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 through the bypass shut-off valve 33 with a large flow area. At this time, the pressure regulating valve 31 is in a closed and unloaded state throughout the process. The high-pressure hydrogen does not flow through the valve core, valve seat, and sealing components inside the pressure regulating valve 31, thus avoiding wear and aging of the pressure regulating valve 31 under long-term high-pressure medium scouring. Only when cylinder group switching and pressure stabilization transition are required, the control device closes the bypass shut-off valve 33 and opens the pressure regulating valve 31, so that the high-pressure hydrogen is output to the next target cylinder group after being regulated and depressurized by the pressure regulating valve 31. The pressure regulating valve 31 only bears the working load during the short period of switching transition and closes again after pressure matching is completed.

[0033] In this embodiment, since the pressure regulating valve 31 is a high-precision core component with continuous pressure regulation function, its internal valve core, sealing pairs, and other precision parts are prone to wear, corrosion, and decreased sealing performance under long-term exposure to high-pressure hydrogen. Furthermore, the maintenance and replacement cost of the pressure regulating valve 31 is much higher than that of ordinary on / off valves. Therefore, by setting a bypass shut-off valve 33, on the one hand, it undertakes all on / off and hydrogen delivery tasks during the normal pressurization and filling phase. The actual working time of the pressure regulating valve 31 is significantly reduced to a short period during cylinder group switching transitions. Its start / stop frequency and cumulative pressure-bearing time are greatly reduced, and the wear rate of core components such as the valve core and sealing parts is significantly lowered, thus helping to extend the overall service life of the pressure regulating valve 31. On the other hand, the bypass shut-off valve 33, as a simple conventional on / off valve, has low manufacturing costs and is easy to maintain. The low-cost and easy-to-maintain bypass shut-off valve 33 shares the high-pressure delivery work that was originally borne by the pressure regulating valve 31, helping to reduce the failure probability of the pressure regulating valve 31 and the overall system maintenance cost.

[0034] In one embodiment of this application, each filling branch pipe 212 is equipped with a one-way valve 34 to allow hydrogen gas to flow unidirectionally into the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 along the filling branch pipe 212. Thus, by setting the one-way valve 34 to control the flow direction of hydrogen gas, pressure isolation between the various levels of the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 is ensured. This prevents hydrogen gas already stored in the high-pressure cylinder group from flowing back into the low-pressure side pipeline or other cylinder groups during the switching process due to pipeline cross-connection. On the one hand, this avoids pipeline vibration and valve damage caused by reverse airflow impact; on the other hand, it ensures that the hydrogen storage capacity and pressure level of each cylinder group are not affected by the switching operation, thereby helping to maintain the integrity of the system's graded hydrogen storage and the accuracy of filling metering.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, each filling branch pipe 212 is further provided with an emergency shut-off valve 35 to control the opening and closing of the filling branch pipe 212. During normal system filling operation, the emergency shut-off valve 35 remains normally open. Hydrogen gas, controlled by the filling valve 32, flows into the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 through the emergency shut-off valve 35. The emergency shut-off valve 35 does not participate in the regular filling opening and closing operations. When an abnormal operating condition occurs in the system, such as leakage in a filling branch pipe 212 or the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group 11, abnormal temperature rise, pressure exceeding the safety limit, or the filling valve 32 itself malfunctioning and unable to close normally, the control device, upon receiving the abnormal signal, immediately issues a closing command to the emergency shut-off valve 35 on the filling branch pipe 212. The emergency shut-off valve 35 quickly cuts off the hydrogen gas passage of the branch pipe within a very short response time, isolating the accident within the corresponding single branch pipe area, preventing high-pressure hydrogen gas from continuing to flow into the fault area, and simultaneously preventing high-pressure hydrogen gas in the faulty cylinder group from leaking back to the outside through the branch pipe.

[0036] In this embodiment, by setting an emergency shut-off valve 35 on each filling branch pipe 212, it can form a double valve protection in conjunction with the filling valve 32. Even if the filling valve 32 fails to close in time due to component wear, electrical fault or loss of control signal, the emergency shut-off valve 35 can still quickly cut off the branch pipe passage, realizing redundant backup of safety functions and avoiding the safety risk of the system losing its shut-off capability due to the failure of a single valve. On the other hand, it can limit the scope of the fault to a single filling branch pipe 212 and the corresponding bottle group, preventing the local fault from spreading to other bottle groups or the main pipeline of the system, thereby ensuring the operational safety of the remaining normal bottle groups and the system as a whole.

[0037] In one embodiment of this application, the pressure regulating valve 31 includes a proportional pressure regulating valve 31. During the pressure stabilization transition phase of the hydrogen storage tank group 11, the control device outputs a corresponding control signal to the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 based on the current pressure value of the target hydrogen storage tank group 11. Upon receiving the control signal, the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 drives its internal valve core to move to the corresponding position, adjusting the fluid resistance by changing the throttling channel area between the valve core and the valve seat. This ensures that the hydrogen pressure output by the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is precisely adjusted to a level matching the current internal pressure of the target hydrogen storage tank group 11. Because the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 has the capability of continuous proportional adjustment, its output pressure can be adjusted smoothly and continuously, rather than changing in a discrete, step-like manner. During the switching transition, as the pressure inside the target hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 gradually increases, the control device can adjust the control signal output to the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 in real time. The proportional pressure regulating valve 31 then continuously adjusts its valve core opening to change the output pressure setpoint, ensuring that the output pressure of the regulating valve 31 always dynamically matches the constantly changing internal pressure of the cylinder group. This achieves a smooth pressure transition from the initial low-pressure state to the final high-pressure equilibrium state. Thus, using the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 allows for continuous stepless adjustment, enabling precise control of the output pressure within a range closely matching the current pressure of the target cylinder group. This avoids the inherent pressure jumps and residual shocks between stages when using multi-stage switching valve groups for stepped pressure reduction, resulting in a smoother and more refined pressure regulation process and more adequate pressure stability at the compressor 22 outlet. Furthermore, because the output pressure of the proportional pressure regulating valve 31 has a linear proportional relationship with the control signal, it provides a good execution basis for the precise control of the control device. This allows the control device to achieve precise setting of the output pressure through simple signal value adjustment, eliminating the need for complex multi-valve coordination switching logic, thereby simplifying the complexity and control difficulty of the control system. Of course, in other embodiments, the pressure regulating valve 31 may also be an electric pressure regulating valve 31 or a pneumatic pressure regulating valve 31, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, a first pressure sensor 41 is provided between the compressor 22 and the pressure regulating valve 31, a second pressure sensor 42 is provided in each filling branch pipe 212, and a third pressure sensor is provided in each hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. The first pressure sensor 41 is installed on the section of the filling main pipe 211 located between the outlet of the compressor 22 and the inlet of the pressure regulating valve 31, and is used to monitor the high-pressure hydrogen pressure at the outlet side of the compressor 22 in real time, i.e., the pipeline pressure upstream of the pressure regulating valve 31. The second pressure sensors 42 are respectively installed on each filling branch pipe 212, and are used to monitor the hydrogen pressure in each filling branch pipe 212 in real time, i.e., the pressure state downstream of the pressure regulating valve 31 after passing through each filling valve 32 and entering each branch pipe. Furthermore, when the pressure regulating valve 31 is working, the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor 41 and the second pressure sensor 42 directly reflects the actual pressure drop across the pressure regulating valve 31. Based on this, the control device can judge whether the pressure regulating effect of the pressure regulating valve 31 has met expectations and make dynamic corrections. The third pressure sensor is installed on each hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 or in a pipe section directly connected to each hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. It is used to monitor the actual hydrogen storage pressure inside each hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 in real time. It can reflect the actual hydrogen storage status and remaining capacity of each hydrogen storage cylinder group 11, and can provide a basis for the control device to determine whether the cylinder group is full, determine the current pressure of the target cylinder group to set the target output pressure of the pressure regulating valve 31, and evaluate the available hydrogen storage capacity of each cylinder group. In this way, during the cylinder group switching and pressure stabilization transition, the third pressure sensor provides the accurate current pressure value of the target cylinder group, enabling the control device to determine the target output pressure setting value of the pressure regulating valve 31, avoiding pressure regulation deviation caused by relying solely on estimation or fixed value setting, and improving the accuracy of pressure matching. The first pressure sensor 41 and the second pressure sensor 42 work together to form a real-time feedback loop. By comparing the pressure difference data of the two, the control device can judge in real time whether the actual pressure regulation output of the pressure regulating valve 31 is consistent with the target setting, and adjust the control signal in time to correct the deviation, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the pressure regulation process.

[0039] In one embodiment of this application, the hydrogen storage and filling system 100 further includes a purge pipeline 5. The purge pipeline 5 includes a purge main pipe 51 and multiple purge branch pipes 52 that are interconnected. The multiple purge branch pipes 52 are respectively connected to multiple filling branch pipes 212. The purge main pipe 51 is provided with a first purge valve 511, and each purge branch pipe 52 is provided with a second purge valve 521. The purge main pipe 51 serves as the main channel for purge gas delivery. One end of it is usually connected to an inert gas source. The inert gas is generally a safe gas such as nitrogen that does not react with hydrogen. The purge main pipe 51 is provided with a first purge valve 511, which can be an on / off control valve such as a solenoid valve or a pneumatic ball valve, used to control the gas supply from the purge gas source to the entire purge pipeline 5. Multiple purge branch pipes 52 branch off from the purge main pipe 51 and are connected to corresponding filling branch pipes 212. Each purge branch pipe 52 is equipped with a second purge valve 521, which can also be a solenoid valve or a pneumatic ball valve, used to individually control the supply of purge gas from each purge branch pipe 52 to the corresponding filling branch pipe 212. When the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 needs to be purged, by opening the first purge valve 511 and the second purge valve 521 corresponding to the filling branch pipe 212 to be purged, inert purge gas is allowed to enter the corresponding filling branch pipe 212 from the purge gas source through the purge main pipe 51 and the corresponding purge branch pipe 52. The positive pressure drives out the residual air and impurity gas inside the filling branch pipe 212 and the connected hydrogen storage cylinder group 11, completing the inert gas replacement of the pipeline and the atmosphere inside the cylinder group. The second purge valve 521 installed on each purge branch pipe 52 can precisely control the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 that needs to be purged. When only the filling branch pipe 212 corresponding to a certain level of cylinder group needs to be purged, it is only necessary to open the second purge valve 521 corresponding to that branch pipe and keep the other second purge valves 521 closed to achieve directional single branch pipe purging without affecting other branch pipes.

[0040] In this embodiment, during scenarios such as the initial commissioning of the hydrogen storage and filling system 100, reuse after maintenance, or restart after a long-term shutdown, residual air, water vapor, or other impurities may remain inside the filling pipeline 21 and the hydrogen storage cylinder group 11. If these residual gases are not removed before hydrogen is directly added, it may cause a decrease in hydrogen purity, affecting the use of downstream hydrogen-using equipment. Furthermore, the mixing of oxygen in the air with hydrogen in the pipeline may form an explosive mixture, posing a serious safety hazard. Therefore, by setting up a purging pipeline 5, on the one hand, the air and water vapor and other impurities inside the pipeline and cylinder group can be completely replaced and discharged through the purging of inert gas, eliminating the risk of hydrogen mixing with residual oxygen in the pipeline to form an explosive atmosphere. On the other hand, it can remove water vapor and particulate impurities inside the pipeline, preventing these impurities from mixing with hydrogen during the filling process, which could lead to a decrease in hydrogen storage purity or wear and corrosion of precision components such as valve sealing surfaces.

[0041] Please see Figure 2The control device may include: a processor 1001, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used to enable communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen or an input unit such as a keyboard; optionally, the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface). The memory 1005 may be high-speed random access memory (RAM) or stable non-volatile memory (NVM), such as a disk storage device. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the memory 1005, which serves as a storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a control program for the hydrogen storage and filling system 100.

[0043] exist Figure 2 In the control device shown, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with the network server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with the user; the processor 1001 and the memory 1005 in the hydrogen storage and filling system 100 of this application can be set in the hydrogen storage and filling system 100. The hydrogen storage and filling system 100 calls the control program of the hydrogen storage and filling system 100 stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001 and executes the control method of the hydrogen storage and filling system 100 provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 2 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the control device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a first process diagram of a filling method provided in this application.

[0045] The multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11 includes a primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a and a secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b. The plurality of filling branch pipes 212 include a first filling branch pipe 212a and a second filling branch pipe 212b. The filling method includes: S10: Open the bypass shut-off valve 33, close the pressure regulating valve 31, and at the same time open the filling valve 32 on the first filling branch pipe 212a, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 is filled into the first-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the first filling branch pipe 212a. S20: When the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a is filled to the target pressure, open the pressure regulating valve 31 and the filling valve 32 on the second filling branch pipe 212b, and at the same time close the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the filling valve 32 on the first filling branch pipe 212a, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 is filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b through the pressure regulating valve 31 and the second filling branch pipe 212b.

[0046] In this embodiment, by opening the bypass shut-off valve 33 and closing the pressure regulating valve 31, while simultaneously opening the filling valve 32 on the first filling branch pipe 212a, the high-pressure hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 passes directly through the bypass shut-off valve 33 into the main pipeline and then into the first filling branch pipe 212a, continuously pressurizing and filling the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a until the target pressure is reached. During this process, the high-pressure hydrogen bypasses the pressure regulating valve 31 and is directly delivered through the bypass shut-off valve 33. There is no throttling pressure drop loss from the pressure regulating valve 31 in the pipeline, and all the output pressure of the compressor 22 effectively acts on the pressurization and filling of the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a, maximizing the filling efficiency. At the same time, the pressure regulating valve 31 is unloaded and does not work during this stage, avoiding wear on the core components of the pressure regulating valve 31 caused by prolonged high-pressure medium erosion. When the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a is filled to the target pressure, the control device opens the pressure regulating valve 31 and the filling valve 32 on the second filling branch pipe 212b, while simultaneously closing the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the filling valve 32 on the first filling branch pipe 212a. This prevents the high-pressure hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 from being directly output through the bypass shut-off valve 33. Instead, the pressure is reduced by the pressure regulating valve 31 before being transported to the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b for filling via the second filling branch pipe 212b. The pressure regulating valve 31 only intervenes during switching, reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the compressor 22 (at the full pressure level of the primary cylinder group) to a level that matches the current internal pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b before outputting it. This ensures a smooth transition of the downstream pressure from the high-pressure full cylinder value to the low-pressure target cylinder group value through the buffer adjustment of the pressure regulating valve 31. Thus, by dividing the filling process into two working stages—the direct pressurization stage and the pressure regulation transition stage—and rationally allocating the workload of the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the pressure regulating valve 31 in each stage, a balance between filling efficiency and switching safety is achieved. During the direct pressurization stage, the bypass shut-off valve 33 opens to provide an unobstructed direct path, ensuring maximum filling efficiency. Simultaneously, the pressure regulating valve 31 is under zero load, effectively protecting it and extending its service life. When switching hydrogen storage cylinder group 11, the pressure regulating valve 31 intervenes to buffer and regulate the pressure, ensuring that the outlet pressure of the compressor 22 remains stable before and after the switch. This prevents a sudden pressure drop caused by the high pressure of the first-stage cylinder group directly facing the low pressure of the second-stage cylinder group, eliminating pressure surge fluctuations during switching and helping to protect the compressor 22 and pipeline system from surge and impact damage caused by sudden pressure changes.

[0047] In one embodiment of this application, a first pressure sensor 41 is provided between the compressor 22 and the pressure regulating valve 31, and each of the filling branch pipes 212 is provided with a second pressure sensor 42; Following step S20, the method further includes: S30: When the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor 41 and the second pressure sensor 42 is less than a preset threshold, the bypass shut-off valve 33 is opened and the pressure regulating valve 31 is closed, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 is filled to the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the second filling branch pipe 212b.

[0048] In this embodiment, after the pressure regulating valve 31 is opened, the high-pressure hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 is depressurized by the pressure regulating valve 31 and continuously filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b. As the filling continues, the internal pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b gradually increases, the pressure reading on the second pressure sensor 42 continues to rise and gradually approaches the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 22 monitored by the first pressure sensor 41, and the pressure difference across the pressure regulating valve 31 gradually decreases. The control device collects pressure data from the first pressure sensor 41 and the corresponding second pressure sensor 42 in real time and calculates the pressure difference between them. When the pressure difference continuously decreases to less than a preset threshold, the control device determines that the pressure at both ends of the pressure regulating valve 31 is basically balanced. At this time, the flow loss caused by the pressure regulating valve 31 continuing to maintain the pressure regulating state to the filling efficiency is greater than its pressure stabilization protection value. The control device then opens the bypass shut-off valve 33 and closes the pressure regulating valve 31, switching the hydrogen delivery path from the pressure regulating path to the direct bypass. This allows the high-pressure hydrogen compressed by the compressor 22 to continue filling the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b directly through the bypass shut-off valve 33 and the second filling branch pipe 212b until it reaches the target pressure. Since the pressure difference at both ends of the pressure regulating valve 31 is less than the preset threshold before the switch, the pressure jump in the pipeline when switching from the pressure regulating path to the direct bypass is extremely small and will not produce a significant pressure shock. Thus, during the initial transition phase when the pressure difference across the pressure regulating valve 31 is large, the valve remains operational to provide necessary pressure buffer protection, preventing high pressure from directly impacting the pipelines and equipment on the low-pressure bottle group side. As the bottle group pressure gradually increases, the pressure difference naturally decreases. When the pressure difference drops below a preset threshold, the system exits the pressure regulating protection mode and switches to a direct-flow mode, eliminating unnecessary flow resistance losses and reduced filling efficiency caused by the pressure regulating valve 31 continuing to maintain pressure regulation under low pressure difference conditions. This switching decision is based on real-time pressure difference data from the first pressure sensor 41 and the second pressure sensor 42, without relying on fuzzy criteria such as fixed time or human experience, ensuring that the timing of mode switching precisely corresponds to the actual operating state of the system. Simultaneously, the preset threshold ensures that switching is only performed within a safe range where the pressure difference is small enough not to cause significant pressure shocks, quantitatively guaranteeing the smoothness of the direct-flow switching. This keeps the pressure impact on the compressor 22 and pipelines during the switching process of opening the bypass shut-off valve 33 and closing the pressure regulating valve 31 to a minimum, thereby achieving a balance between safety and efficiency.

[0049] It is understood that the preset threshold can be of various types, including a fixed value and a range of values, and can be adjusted as needed. The embodiments of this application do not limit this. Furthermore, the target filling pressures of the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11a and the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b can be the same or different, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0050] In one embodiment of this application, step S20 further includes: S21: When the pressure regulating valve 31 is opened, the control device determines the target opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 31 based on the current initial pressure value of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b, and controls the pressure regulating valve 31 to move to the target opening degree to cut off the flow and reduce the pressure.

[0051] It should be noted that the current initial pressure value of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b refers to the actual pressure inside the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b at the moment of cylinder group switching execution. This pressure value can be obtained in real time by the third pressure sensor installed on the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b. The target opening degree refers to the valve core position opening value that the pressure regulating valve 31 needs to achieve in order to regulate and reduce the high-pressure hydrogen on the outlet side of the compressor 22 to an output pressure that matches the current initial pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b. The control device has a pre-established correspondence between the initial pressure value and the target opening degree. This correspondence can be obtained through lookup table data established by pre-calibration experiments, calculation models based on valve flow characteristic equations, or self-learning algorithms trained based on historical operating data, enabling the control device to quickly determine the corresponding valve opening degree set value according to different cylinder group initial pressures.

[0052] It should also be noted that during the cylinder group switching process, the control device first reads the current initial pressure value of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b, then determines the target opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 31 that matches the initial pressure based on a preset correspondence, and then outputs a corresponding control signal to the pressure regulating valve 31 to drive the valve core to move to the target opening position. At this opening degree, the pressure regulating valve 31 produces a specific throttling and limiting effect on the high-pressure hydrogen flowing through it, so that the hydrogen pressure at the output end of the pressure regulating valve 31 is adjusted and reduced to a level that basically matches the current initial pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b. This control method, which predetermines the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 31 based on the actual initial pressure of the target cylinder group, ensures that the pressure regulating valve 31 is in a working state adapted to the current operating conditions the moment it opens, and its output pressure matches the pressure of the target cylinder group from the beginning, avoiding pressure overshoot or underpressure fluctuations that occur during the adjustment process from the initial opening degree to the adapted opening degree after the pressure regulating valve 31 opens. Since the initial pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group 11b in different filling batches may differ at the moment of switching due to the different amount of gas released in the previous use or the different amount of residual hydrogen storage, the control device dynamically determines the corresponding target opening based on the actual initial pressure value collected at each switching, so that the initial operating point of the pressure regulating valve 31 can adaptively match different actual working conditions.

[0053] In this embodiment, by pre-determining the target opening degree and directly controlling the pressure regulating valve 31 to operate at that opening degree, the search and adjustment process in traditional closed-loop control is transformed into feedforward precise positioning. The pressure regulating valve 31 is in position as soon as it opens, and the output pressure is matched instantaneously. This can significantly shorten the pressure transition response time and more effectively suppress the pressure shock at the moment of switching from both the time and amplitude dimensions of pressure fluctuation. On the other hand, it enables the system to have adaptive processing capability for different operating conditions. Regardless of the initial pressure level of the target cylinder group, the control device can accurately match the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 31 according to its actual value. This ensures that the system can maintain a consistent and smooth transition effect when switching between cylinder groups with different residual pressures, avoiding the matching deviation problem that occurs when using a fixed opening preset value when facing different initial pressures. This helps to improve the control robustness of the hydrogen storage filling system 100 under diverse operating conditions and the consistency of the filling process.

[0054] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage and filling system, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage and filling system includes: The hydrogen storage unit (1) includes a multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group (11); The filling unit (2) includes a filling pipeline (21) and a compressor (22). The filling pipeline (21) includes a main filling pipe (211) and a plurality of filling branch pipes (212) connected to the main filling pipe (211). The outlet of the compressor (22) is connected to the main filling pipe (211), and each of the filling branch pipes (212) is connected to the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder group (11). The switching unit (3) includes a pressure regulating valve (31) and a plurality of filling valves (32). The pressure regulating valve (31) is located on the main filling pipe (211) and is connected to the outlet of the compressor (22). Each of the filling branch pipes (212) is provided with a filling valve (32). A control device is electrically connected to the compressor (22) and the switching unit (3) to control the operation of the compressor (22) and the switching unit (3); The control device is configured such that, when the hydrogen storage cylinder group (11) is switched, the pressure regulating valve (31) adjusts the high-pressure hydrogen on the compressor (22) side to match the current pressure of the target hydrogen storage cylinder group (11) and then outputs it.

2. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit (3) also includes a bypass shut-off valve (33), which is connected in parallel with the pressure regulating valve (31).

3. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the filling branch pipes (212) is equipped with a one-way valve (34) so ​​that hydrogen gas flows unidirectionally into the hydrogen storage cylinder group (11) along the filling branch pipe (212).

4. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the filling branch pipes (212) is also provided with an emergency shut-off valve (35) for controlling the opening and closing of the filling branch pipe (212).

5. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating valve (31) includes a proportional pressure regulating valve (31).

6. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first pressure sensor (41) is provided between the compressor (22) and the pressure regulating valve (31), a second pressure sensor (42) is provided in each of the filling branch pipes (212), and a third pressure sensor is provided in each of the hydrogen storage cylinder groups (11).

7. The hydrogen storage and filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage and filling system also includes a purge pipeline (5), which includes a purge main pipe (51) and multiple purge branch pipes (52) that are interconnected. The multiple purge branch pipes (52) are respectively connected to multiple filling branch pipes (212). The purge main pipe (51) is provided with a first purge valve (511), and each of the purge branch pipes (52) is provided with a second purge valve (521).

8. A filling method based on the hydrogen storage and filling system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The multi-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group (11) includes a primary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11a) and a secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11b), and the plurality of filling branches (212) include a first filling branch (212a) and a second filling branch (212b), and the filling method includes: S10: Open the bypass shut-off valve (33), close the pressure regulating valve (31), and at the same time open the filling valve (32) on the first filling branch pipe (212a), so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor (22) is filled into the first-stage hydrogen storage cylinder group (11a) to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve (33) and the first filling branch pipe (212a); S20: When the primary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11a) is filled to the target pressure, open the pressure regulating valve (31) and the filling valve (32) on the second filling branch pipe (212b), and at the same time close the bypass shut-off valve (33) and the filling valve (32) on the first filling branch pipe (212a), so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor (22) is filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11b) through the pressure regulating valve (31) and the second filling branch pipe (212b).

9. The filling method according to claim 8, characterized in that, A first pressure sensor (41) is provided between the compressor (22) and the pressure regulating valve (31), and a second pressure sensor (42) is provided in each of the filling branch pipes (212); Following step S20, the method further includes: When the pressure difference between the first pressure sensor (41) and the second pressure sensor (42) is less than a preset threshold, the bypass shut-off valve (33) is opened and the pressure regulating valve (31) is closed, so that the hydrogen compressed by the compressor (22) is filled into the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11b) to the target pressure through the bypass shut-off valve (33) and the second filling branch pipe (212b).

10. The filling method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S20 further includes: When the pressure regulating valve (31) is opened, the control device determines the target opening degree of the pressure regulating valve (31) based on the current initial pressure value of the secondary hydrogen storage cylinder group (11b), and controls the pressure regulating valve (31) to move to the target opening degree to cut off the flow and reduce the pressure.

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