Fault displacement and development direction monitoring device and fault displacement amount determination method and fault displacement development direction determination method

Abstract

This application discloses a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device and a method for determining the fault displacement amount and the fault displacement development direction, relating to the field of geological monitoring technology. The device includes: a clinometer tube, buried in a borehole passing through a geological fault; multiple spatial vector displacement sensors, sequentially connected and fixed within the clinometer tube along the depth direction; each spatial vector displacement sensor independently measuring the first and second horizontal component displacements at its location in a spatial reference coordinate system established based on the geomagnetic field; and a data acquisition and processing unit for receiving and processing the displacement data measured by each sensor to determine the displacement amount and displacement development direction of the geological fault. This application can obtain accurate deformation direction of the fault displacement, providing high-precision displacement data with directional attributes for the comprehensive evaluation of fault stability, thereby more accurately evaluating the development direction of the fault.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geological monitoring technology, and in particular to a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device and a method for determining the amount of fault displacement and the development direction of fault displacement. Background Technology

[0002] Geological faults are important structures formed by crustal movements. Changes in their displacement and direction directly affect regional stability and are crucial for earthquake early warning, landslide prevention, and the safety of large-scale engineering projects. Currently, monitoring deep fault displacement typically employs sensor methods such as borehole inclinometers. However, traditional borehole inclinometers rely on fixed guide grooves within the inclinometer tube for orientation. When fault displacement occurs, the inclinometer tube itself twists or deforms, altering the pre-set guide groove direction. This results in severe distortion of the displacement direction measured subsequently, making it impossible to accurately determine the true direction of fault displacement and thus hindering precise evaluation of fault displacement and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device and a method for determining the fault displacement amount and the fault displacement development direction, which can obtain the accurate deformation direction of the fault displacement, provide high-precision displacement data with directional attributes for the comprehensive evaluation of fault stability, thereby more accurately evaluating the development direction of the fault and providing a guarantee for engineering safety evaluation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device, the fault displacement and development direction monitoring device comprising: Inclined tubes are installed in boreholes that pass through geological faults; Multiple spatial vector displacement sensors are sequentially embedded in the inclinometer tube along the depth direction and fixed as a whole with the inclinometer tube; each spatial vector displacement sensor is used to independently measure the first horizontal component displacement and the second horizontal component displacement in a spatial reference coordinate system based on the geomagnetic field at its location. The data acquisition and processing unit is electrically connected to multiple spatial vector displacement sensors and is used to receive and process displacement data measured by each sensor in order to determine the displacement amount and displacement development direction of the geological fault.

[0005] Optionally, the spatial vector displacement sensor is a geomagnetic flexible displacement meter.

[0006] Optionally, the inclinometer tube is fixed to the borehole wall by backfill material, which may be cement slurry, clay slurry, or fine sand.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a method for determining fault displacement, the method comprising: The reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault in the borehole for fault monitoring are obtained at the reference time in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction at the monitoring time. The reference values ​​of the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault in the borehole are obtained at the reference time, as well as the first horizontal direction monitoring value and the second horizontal direction monitoring value at the monitoring time. Based on the monitoring values ​​and benchmark values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the benchmark time at the monitoring time. The cumulative combined displacement of the geological fault is calculated based on the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction, and is taken as the displacement of the geological fault.

[0008] Optionally, the step of calculating the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time based on each of the monitored values ​​and the benchmark value specifically includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding first horizontal reference value Second horizontal reference value Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

[0009] Optionally, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault The calculation formula is: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault The calculation formula is: ; The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault The calculation formula is: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault The calculation formula is: ; in, i This refers to the number of sensors located below the fault line. i ≥1; k This refers to the number of sensors located within or above the fault zone. k ≥1; For the first n The first horizontal displacement change of each sensor For the first n The second horizontal displacement change of each sensor n This is the sensor number used for cumulative calculation.

[0010] Optionally, the formula for calculating the cumulative total displacement change is: ; Among them, the cumulative resultant displacement change is the cumulative resultant displacement change. This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. This represents the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction.

[0011] Thirdly, this application provides a method for determining the direction of fault displacement development, the method comprising: The reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault in the borehole for fault monitoring are obtained at the reference time in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction at the monitoring time. The reference values ​​of the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault in the borehole are obtained at the reference time, as well as the first horizontal direction monitoring value and the second horizontal direction monitoring value at the monitoring time. Based on the monitored values ​​and the benchmark values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the benchmark time at the monitoring time. The displacement development direction angle of the geological fault is calculated based on the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction.

[0012] Optionally, calculating the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time based on the monitored value and the benchmark value includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding benchmark value , Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

[0013] Optionally, the displacement development direction angle The calculation formula is: ; in, This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. Let θ be the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction, and let θ be the angle between the displacement development direction and the first horizontal direction.

[0014] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed: This application provides a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device and a method for determining fault displacement and development direction. By burying an inclinometer tube inside the borehole, ensuring close integration with the surrounding rock and soil, the device accurately transmits rock deformation at different depths to the tube, providing a reliable mechanical transmission path for subsequent sensor displacement sensing and ensuring that the monitoring data accurately reflects the actual deformation at depth. Multiple spatial vector displacement sensors are sequentially buried along the depth direction inside the inclinometer tube and fixed integrally with it, enabling continuous and precise monitoring of the fault and surrounding rock mass along the depth direction. By burying and fixing the sensors in series, displacement information at each depth segment from the bottom to the top of the borehole can be captured. In particular, it can accurately distinguish the deformation characteristics above and below the fault, as well as within the fault zone, providing a layered data basis for subsequent calculation of the net fault displacement. Each spatial vector displacement sensor independently measures the first and second horizontal component displacements at its location within a spatial reference coordinate system established based on the Earth's magnetic field. Firstly, this allows each sensor to autonomously acquire local displacement information at its depth without interference, providing a foundation for layered displacement analysis. Secondly, it enables the sensors to use the Earth's magnetic field as an absolute reference, independent of the physical guide channel of the inclinometer tube for orientation. This means that even if the inclinometer tube twists or deforms during long-term monitoring, the displacement direction output by the sensors remains unchanged based on the Earth's magnetic field, fundamentally solving the technical problem of displacement development direction monitoring distortion caused by changes in the guide channel direction in traditional methods. Furthermore, the measurement of the "first and second horizontal component displacements" decomposes the spatial vector displacement into two orthogonal components, allowing for precise calculation of the resultant displacement and direction angle in any direction through vector synthesis, providing complete vector data for a comprehensive understanding of fault activity patterns. A data acquisition and processing unit is electrically connected to multiple spatial vector displacement sensors to receive and process the displacement data measured by each sensor to determine the displacement amount and direction of displacement development of geological faults, achieving automatic acquisition and intelligent processing of monitoring data. Through electrical connection, the data acquisition and processing unit can acquire displacement component data from all sensors in real time, perform calculations according to a preset algorithm, and finally output the quantitative results (displacement amount) and vector results (development direction) of fault displacement, providing a direct and accurate decision-making basis for engineering safety evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining fault displacement according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the direction of fault displacement development, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] In the picture: 1. No. i 1. Spatial vector displacement sensor; 2. Geological fault; 3. Drill hole; 4. The first i + k 5. Spatial vector displacement sensor, 6. Inclined tube, 7. Drilling depth, 8. Sensor cable, 9. Fine sand, 10. Concrete, 11. Orifice device. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, a fault displacement and propagation direction monitoring device is provided, comprising: Inclinometer tube 5 is buried in borehole 3 that passes through geological fault 2; Multiple spatial vector displacement sensors (as shown in the figure) i The first spatial vector displacement sensor and the second i + kFour spatial vector displacement sensors (4) are sequentially embedded in the inclinometer tube 5 along the depth direction and fixed as a whole with the inclinometer tube 5. Each spatial vector displacement sensor is used to independently measure the first horizontal component displacement and the second horizontal component displacement in a spatial reference coordinate system based on the geomagnetic field at its location. In practical applications, these two horizontal directions are usually set as due north and due east, but they can also be other mutually orthogonal orientations, such as due south and due west, as long as they form a fixed horizontal coordinate system.

[0021] Data acquisition and processing unit ( Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) It is electrically connected to multiple spatial vector displacement sensors via sensor cable 7, and is used to receive and process the displacement data measured by each sensor in order to determine the displacement amount and displacement development direction of geological fault 2.

[0022] In this embodiment, the drilling depth 6 should be determined based on the geological exploration results, ensuring that the borehole passes through the geological fault 2 to be monitored. The inclinometer tube 5 is installed inside the borehole 3, and the gap between it and the borehole wall is filled and fixed with backfill material (such as fine sand 8) to ensure that the inclinometer tube 5 deforms in tandem with the surrounding rock and soil. After the spatial vector displacement sensor is installed inside the inclinometer tube 5, it is tightly integrated with the inclinometer tube 5 by filling with sand or pouring concrete 9, ensuring that the sensor can accurately sense the deformation of the inclinometer tube 5. The orifice device 10 is used to protect the sensor cable 7 and the orifice.

[0023] In this implementation method, by burying the inclinometer tube in the borehole that passes through the fault, a stable channel is provided for the subsequent installation of sensors, ensuring that the sensors can accurately detect rock deformation at different depths.

[0024] For further explanation of the arrangement of the apparatus, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The diagram shows the layout for monitoring the displacement and direction of a geological fault. It clearly shows that borehole 3 passes through geological fault 2, and borehole depth 6 must ensure complete penetration of the fault zone. Inclinometer tube 5 is installed inside borehole 3, and its interior contains multiple spatial vector displacement sensors, including the i-th spatial vector displacement sensor 1 located below geological fault 2 and the i-th spatial vector displacement sensor 2 located above geological fault 2. i+k A spatial vector displacement sensor 4. The sensors are connected in series via sensor cables 7 and led to the borehole device 10. Fine sand 8 is filled between the inclinometer tube 5 and the borehole wall 3, and concrete 9 is poured between the spatial vector displacement sensor and the inclinometer tube 5 to ensure that the sensor, the inclinometer tube, and the surrounding rock mass form an integral whole.

[0025] This arrangement, by placing sensors on the upper and lower walls of the fault respectively, can accurately capture the relative displacement of the two walls, providing basic data for subsequent displacement calculation and development direction analysis.

[0026] As an alternative implementation, the spatial vector displacement sensor can be a geomagnetic flexible displacement gauge. This type of sensor uses the Earth's magnetic field as an absolute reference frame and can autonomously establish a spatial coordinate system without relying on external guiding devices, directly outputting displacement components relative to a first horizontal direction (such as north) and a second horizontal direction (such as east).

[0027] This implementation method, by using a geomagnetic flexible displacement meter, solves the problem of directional distortion caused by the twisting of the guide groove in traditional inclinometers from the source, ensuring the authenticity and reliability of displacement direction data.

[0028] As an optional implementation, the material of the inclinometer tube 5 can be selected according to geological conditions. For example, for hard strata such as rock slopes, an aluminum alloy inclinometer tube with higher rigidity can be selected; for relatively soft strata such as soil slopes, an inclinometer tube made of materials such as ABS can be selected to ensure the coordination between the inclinometer tube and the stratum deformation. Correspondingly, the backfill material of borehole 3 should also be selected according to the stratum properties. Cement grout is suitable for rock slopes, and clay grout or fine sand is suitable for soil slopes to ensure effective coupling between the inclinometer tube and the borehole wall.

[0029] This implementation method, by selecting matching inclinometer tube material and backfill material according to the geological characteristics, can ensure coordinated deformation between the inclinometer tube and the surrounding rock and soil, improve the accuracy of displacement transmission, and thus enhance the reliability of monitoring data.

[0030] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides two independent methods for applying the above-described monitoring device.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for determining fault displacement is provided. This method is executed by a computer device, specifically by a terminal or server alone, or by both a terminal and a server. In this embodiment, it includes steps 201 to 204. Wherein: Step 201: Obtain the first horizontal reference value at the reference time from multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault 2 within borehole 3 for fault monitoring. Second horizontal reference value and during monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value .

[0032] Step 202: Obtain the reference values ​​in the first and second horizontal directions of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault 2 within borehole 3 for fault monitoring at a reference time, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first and second horizontal directions at monitoring time t. Reference time t It is usually chosen at the initial moment after the sensor has been installed and stabilized.

[0033] Step 203: Based on the monitoring values ​​and reference values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault 2 in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the reference time at the monitoring time.

[0034] As an optional implementation, step 203, which involves calculating the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time based on the monitored values ​​and reference values, specifically includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding first horizontal reference value Second horizontal reference value Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

[0035] As an optional implementation, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault The formula for calculating the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all spatial vector displacement sensors below the fault is as follows: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault The summation of displacement changes in the second horizontal direction by all spatial vector displacement sensors below the fault is calculated using the following formula: ; Similarly, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault For all spatial vector displacement sensors above the fault (up to the first) i+k The cumulative sum of displacement changes in the first horizontal direction is calculated using the following formula: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault The formula for calculating the cumulative displacement changes of all spatial vector displacement sensors above the fault in the second horizontal direction is as follows: ; in, i This refers to the number of sensors located below the fault line. i ≥1; k This refers to the number of sensors located within or above the fault zone. k ≥1, to ensure that the effects of fault displacement can be fully captured; For the first n The first horizontal displacement change of each sensor For the first n The second horizontal displacement change of each sensor n This is the sensor number used for cumulative calculation.

[0036] In this embodiment, since the cumulative displacement above and below the fault includes the displacement below the fault, the net displacement of geological fault 2 is the cumulative displacement above the fault minus the cumulative displacement below the fault, i.e.: Cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of geological fault 2 = ; Cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of geological fault 2 = .

[0037] This implementation method, through layer-by-layer accumulation and differential calculation, can accurately calculate the net displacement of the fault itself, eliminate the deformation interference of the stable rock mass below the borehole, and improve the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0038] Step 204: Calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault 2 based on the first cumulative displacement change in the horizontal direction and the second cumulative displacement change in the horizontal direction, and use it as the displacement of the geological fault 2.

[0039] As an optional implementation, the cumulative displacement change in step 204 The calculation formula is: ; in, This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. This represents the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction.

[0040] In this implementation method, the displacement components in two orthogonal directions are combined into a total displacement through vector synthesis, which intuitively expresses the intensity of fault activity and facilitates engineers to quickly assess the activity level of the fault.

[0041] By implementing steps 201 to 204 above, and acquiring the first and second horizontal reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault within the borehole for fault monitoring at a reference time, as well as the first and second horizontal monitoring values ​​at the monitoring time, a displacement reference for the stable rock mass below the fault is established. By acquiring the reference and monitoring values ​​from the sensors below the fault, the deformation of the underlying rock mass can be determined, providing fundamental data for subsequently removing the deformation of the underlying rock mass from the total displacement and separating the net fault displacement. Similarly, by acquiring the first and second horizontal reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault within the borehole at a reference time, as well as the first and second horizontal monitoring values ​​at the monitoring time, displacement data for the rock mass above the fault is established. By acquiring the reference and monitoring values ​​from the sensors above the fault, the total displacement of the hanging wall rock mass relative to the reference time can be determined. This total displacement includes the superposition effect of the fault's own displacement and the deformation of the underlying rock mass. By calculating the cumulative displacement changes in the first and second horizontal directions of the geological fault relative to the reference time at each monitoring and benchmark value, accurate calculation of the cumulative displacement above and below the fault is achieved. By subtracting the benchmark value from each sensor's monitoring value to obtain the single-point displacement change, and then summing the displacement changes at each depth segment, the total deformation in the horizontal and vertical directions below and above the fault can be accurately calculated, providing intermediate data for calculating the net fault displacement. The cumulative combined displacement change of the geological fault is calculated based on the cumulative displacement changes in the first and second horizontal directions, serving as the displacement of the geological fault, ultimately achieving a quantitative output of the fault displacement. By performing a differential calculation between the cumulative displacement above and below the fault, the influence of the deformation of the underlying rock mass is eliminated, separating the net displacement of the fault itself; then, the combined displacement is calculated through vector synthesis, intuitively expressing the intensity of fault activity, facilitating engineers to quickly assess the fault's activity level.

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, a method for determining the direction of fault displacement development is also provided. This method is executed by a computer device, specifically by a terminal or server alone, or by both a terminal and a server. In this embodiment, it includes the following steps 301 to 304. Specifically, it includes: Step 301: Obtain the first horizontal reference value at the reference time from multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault 2 within borehole 3 for fault monitoring. Second horizontal reference value and during monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value .

[0043] Step 302: Obtain the reference values ​​in the first and second horizontal directions of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault 2 within borehole 3 for fault monitoring at a reference time, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first and second horizontal directions at monitoring time t. Reference time t It is usually chosen at the initial moment after the sensor has been installed and stabilized.

[0044] Step 303: Based on the monitoring values ​​and reference values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault 2 in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the reference time at the monitoring time.

[0045] As an optional implementation, step 203, which involves calculating the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time based on the monitored values ​​and reference values, specifically includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding first horizontal reference value Second horizontal reference value Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault The formula for calculating the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all spatial vector displacement sensors below the fault is as follows: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault The summation of displacement changes in the second horizontal direction by all spatial vector displacement sensors below the fault is calculated using the following formula: ; Similarly, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault For all spatial vector displacement sensors above the fault (up to the first) i+k The cumulative sum of displacement changes in the first horizontal direction is calculated using the following formula: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault The formula for calculating the cumulative displacement changes of all spatial vector displacement sensors above the fault in the second horizontal direction is as follows: ; in, i This refers to the number of sensors located below the fault line. i ≥1; k This refers to the number of sensors located within or above the fault zone. k ≥1, to ensure that the effects of fault displacement can be fully captured; For the first n The first horizontal displacement change of each sensor For the first n The second horizontal displacement change of each sensor n This is the sensor number used for cumulative calculation.

[0047] In this embodiment, since the cumulative displacement above and below the fault includes the displacement below the fault, the net displacement of geological fault 2 is the cumulative displacement above the fault minus the cumulative displacement below the fault, i.e.: Cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of geological fault 2 = ; Cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of geological fault 2 = .

[0048] This implementation method, through layer-by-layer accumulation and differential calculation, can accurately calculate the net displacement of the fault itself, eliminate the deformation interference of the stable rock mass below the borehole, and improve the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0049] Step 304: Calculate the displacement development direction angle of the geological fault 2 based on the first cumulative displacement change in the horizontal direction and the second cumulative displacement change in the horizontal direction.

[0050] As an optional implementation, the displacement development direction angle in step 304 The calculation formula is: ; in, This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. Let θ be the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction, and let θ be the angle between the displacement development direction and the first horizontal direction.

[0051] This implementation method, by calculating the direction angle using the arctangent function, can accurately provide the vector direction of fault displacement, offering crucial directional data for geomechanical analysis and engineering safety assessment.

[0052] By implementing steps 301 to 304 above, and acquiring the first and second horizontal reference values ​​at a reference time from multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault within the borehole used for fault monitoring, as well as the first and second horizontal monitoring values ​​at the monitoring time, a displacement reference for the stable rock mass below the fault is established. By acquiring the reference and monitoring values ​​from the sensors below the fault, the deformation of the underlying rock mass can be determined, providing fundamental data for subsequently removing the deformation of the underlying rock mass from the total displacement and separating the net fault displacement. Similarly, by acquiring the first and second horizontal reference values ​​at a reference time from multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault within the borehole, as well as the first and second horizontal monitoring values ​​at the monitoring time, displacement data for the rock mass above the fault is established. By acquiring the reference and monitoring values ​​from the sensors above the fault, the total displacement of the hanging wall rock mass relative to the reference time can be determined. This total displacement includes the superposition effect of the fault's own displacement and the deformation of the underlying rock mass. By calculating the cumulative displacement changes in the first and second horizontal directions of the geological fault relative to the reference time at each monitoring and benchmark value, accurate calculation of the cumulative displacement above and below the fault was achieved. By subtracting the benchmark value from each sensor's monitoring value to obtain the single-point displacement change, and then summing the displacement changes at each depth segment, the total deformation in the horizontal and vertical directions below and above the fault can be accurately calculated, providing intermediate data for calculating the net fault displacement. Based on the cumulative displacement changes in the first and second horizontal directions, the displacement development direction angle of the geological fault was calculated, ultimately achieving accurate output of the fault displacement vector direction. The direction angle was calculated using the arctangent function, combining the components of two orthogonal directions into a vector with a clear directional attribute, directly providing the angle between the fault displacement development direction and the first horizontal direction, providing crucial directional data for geomechanical analysis, earthquake trend assessment, and engineering safety early warning.

[0053] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows. Figure 4As shown, this computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides the environment for the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media to run. The database stores fault displacement and development direction monitoring data. The I / O interfaces are used for information exchange between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for determining fault displacement and development direction.

[0054] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0058] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0060] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0061] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A fault displacement and propagation direction monitoring device, characterized in that, The fault displacement and development direction monitoring device includes: Inclined tubes are installed in boreholes that pass through geological faults; Multiple spatial vector displacement sensors are sequentially embedded in the inclinometer tube along the depth direction and fixed as a whole with the inclinometer tube; each spatial vector displacement sensor is used to independently measure the first horizontal component displacement and the second horizontal component displacement in a spatial reference coordinate system based on the geomagnetic field at its location. The data acquisition and processing unit is electrically connected to multiple spatial vector displacement sensors and is used to receive and process displacement data measured by each sensor in order to determine the displacement amount and displacement development direction of the geological fault.

2. The fault displacement and development direction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial vector displacement sensor is a geomagnetic flexible displacement meter.

3. The fault displacement and development direction monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclinometer tube is fixed to the borehole wall by backfill material, which is cement slurry, clay slurry or fine sand.

4. A method for determining fault displacement using a fault displacement and development direction monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method for determining the fault displacement includes: The reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault in the borehole for fault monitoring are obtained at the reference time in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction at the monitoring time. The reference values ​​of the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault in the borehole are obtained at the reference time, as well as the first horizontal direction monitoring value and the second horizontal direction monitoring value at the monitoring time. Based on the monitoring values ​​and benchmark values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the benchmark time at the monitoring time. The cumulative combined displacement of the geological fault is calculated based on the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction, and is taken as the displacement of the geological fault.

5. The method for determining fault displacement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation of the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time, based on the monitored values ​​and benchmark values, specifically includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding first horizontal reference value Second horizontal reference value Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

6. The method for determining fault displacement according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault The calculation formula is: ; The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault The calculation formula is: ； The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault The calculation formula is: ； The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault The calculation formula is: ； in, i This refers to the number of sensors located below the fault line. i ≥1; k This refers to the number of sensors located within or above the fault zone. k ≥1; For the first n The first horizontal displacement change of each sensor For the first n The second horizontal displacement change of each sensor n This is the sensor number used for cumulative calculation.

7. The method for determining fault displacement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the cumulative displacement change is: ; Among them, the cumulative resultant displacement change is the cumulative resultant displacement change. This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. This represents the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction.

8. A method for determining the fault displacement development direction using the fault displacement and development direction monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method for determining the direction of fault displacement development includes: The reference values ​​of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located below the geological fault in the borehole for fault monitoring are obtained at the reference time in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction, as well as the monitoring values ​​in the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction at the monitoring time. The reference values ​​of the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction of multiple spatial vector displacement sensors located above the geological fault in the borehole are obtained at the reference time, as well as the first horizontal direction monitoring value and the second horizontal direction monitoring value at the monitoring time. Based on the monitored values ​​and the benchmark values, calculate the cumulative displacement change of the geological fault in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction relative to the benchmark time at the monitoring time. The displacement development direction angle of the geological fault is calculated based on the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction.

9. The method for determining the direction of fault displacement development according to claim 8, characterized in that, The calculation of the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault at the monitoring time, based on the monitored values ​​and the benchmark values, includes: According to the first, located below the geological fault i A spatial vector displacement sensor at the monitoring time t First horizontal direction monitoring value Second horizontal direction monitoring value and its corresponding benchmark value , Calculate the first horizontal displacement change of a single sensor. and the change in displacement in the second horizontal direction ; The cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction of all sensors below the geological fault are summed to obtain the cumulative displacement changes in the second horizontal direction below the fault. Based on the sensors located above the geological fault, the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault were calculated using the same method. The cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction below the fault. The cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction of the geological fault is calculated as the difference between the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction above the fault and the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction below the fault.

10. The method for determining the direction of fault displacement development according to claim 8, characterized in that, The displacement development direction angle The calculation formula is: ； in, This represents the cumulative displacement change in the first horizontal direction. Let θ be the cumulative displacement change in the second horizontal direction, and let θ be the angle between the displacement development direction and the first horizontal direction.

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