Method for simulating low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosive by using low-energy explosive with reduced explosive quantity
By simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives with low-energy explosives, and by using a combustion-to-detonation model and adjusting the energy density, the experimental control problem of low-intensity damage of high-energy explosives was solved, providing reliable damage assessment data, and is applicable to experimental research of various high-energy explosives.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING INST OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively control and assess the destructive effects of high-energy explosives at low intensities, and the lack of experimental guidance hinders the development of research on low-intensity high-energy explosives.
Low-energy explosives were used to simulate the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives. By adjusting the energy density and charge structure of the low-energy explosives, a model describing the transition from combustion to detonation was used for simulation. Low-energy explosives with an energy density of 35% to 60% of that of high-energy explosives were selected to conduct a complete detonation reaction to achieve the equivalent low-intensity energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives, and damage assessment was carried out.
It enables the assessment of low-intensity damage effects of high-energy explosives that are easily controlled in experiments, provides reliable experimental data support, and is applicable to the research of high-energy explosives of different types and structural sizes.
Smart Images
Figure CN122171618A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion mechanics, specifically to a method for simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives by reducing the amount of low-energy explosives. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous improvement of the safety of high explosives, the destructive effects of low-intensity reactions can no longer be ignored when assessing the power of high explosives during their production process. However, the low-intensity reactions of high explosives are extremely difficult to control experimentally, hindering the development of experimental research on low-intensity reactions. Current technologies focus more on studying the mechanism of combustion-to-detonation transition in high explosives and proposing mathematical models to characterize this process, but lack guidance for the experimental control of low-intensity reactions. Therefore, to address the practical problem of assessing the destructive effects of low-intensity reactions of high explosives and conducting corresponding experimental research, there is an urgent need for an approximately equivalent method that is easy to control experimentally and can characterize the low-intensity reactions of high explosives in terms of destructive effects. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives by reducing the amount of low-energy explosives. The method uses low-energy explosives with lower energy density relative to the equivalent target. By adjusting the energy density, charge height and charge cross-sectional area of the low-energy explosives, the method achieves a low-intensity power field equivalent to a high-energy explosive in a complete detonation reaction that is easy to control in experiments. This facilitates the experiment and provides input for subsequent damage assessment.
[0004] The method of the present invention for simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives by reducing the amount of low-energy explosives includes:
[0005] S1. A model describing the transition from combustion to detonation is used as the state equation to simulate the explosion impact of high-energy explosives. By controlling the model parameters, the growth of the detonation wave is suppressed, and the energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives under low intensity are obtained. S2, select a low-energy explosive with an energy density of 35%~60% of that of a high-energy explosive as the equivalent explosive, and calculate the structural dimensions of the equivalent explosive; wherein, the height of the equivalent explosive is the same as or similar to that of the high-energy explosive; the cross-sectional area of the equivalent explosive is: the energy release characteristics of the equivalent explosive under complete reaction are similar to the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity obtained in S1. S3 involves conducting a full detonation test using the low-energy explosive and its structural dimensions determined in S2, and evaluating its damage effect. The evaluation result serves as the low-intensity damage effect of the high-energy explosive corresponding to this low-energy explosive.
[0006] Preferably, in S1, the model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition adopts the Lee-Tarver model, the CE-SE model, the HERMES model, or the simulation model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition of explosives developed by Joseph R. Peterson et al. of the University of Utah based on the Uintah Computational Framework.
[0007] Preferably, in S1, the energy release characteristics include fragmentation field data and shock wave data.
[0008] Preferably, the fragment field data is the number of fragments that hit and penetrate the target plate at a set distance; the shock wave data is the overpressure peak value at different distances from the explosion center.
[0009] Preferably, the number of fragments hitting and penetrating the target plate at a set distance is calculated based on the velocity decay formula and the Demar formula; the overpressure peak at different distances from the explosion center is calculated by combining the Henrych formula and the propagation law of shock waves in a free field.
[0010] Preferably, S1 further includes: obtaining the energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives at low intensity through experiments, and correcting simulation parameters based on the experimental results.
[0011] Preferably, in S2, the height of the equivalent explosive is 80% to 105% of the height of the high-energy explosive; the error between the energy release characteristics of the equivalent explosive under complete reaction and the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity is within 25%.
[0012] Preferably, in S2, numerical simulation is used to compare the damage effects of low-energy explosives under complete detonation with different energy densities and structural sizes, and the energy release characteristics are used as the evaluation basis to select the optimal energy density and structural size of the low-energy explosive.
[0013] Preferably, S2 further includes: obtaining the energy release characteristics of the low-energy explosive under complete reaction through experiments, and correcting the simulation parameters based on the experimental results.
[0014] Preferably, the low-energy explosive is ANFO explosive, No. 2 emulsion explosive, C4 explosive and its improved explosives, etc.
[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention uses the complete detonation reaction of low-energy explosives to simulate the energy release characteristics of low-intensity reactions of high-energy explosives. This method is easy to control in experiments and facilitates corresponding experimental research. By adjusting the energy density and charge cross-sectional area of the low-energy explosive, it can be adapted to different types and structural sizes of high-energy explosives, exhibiting good compatibility and scalability. Experimental verification shows that the method of this invention is feasible and effective. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a simplified flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of simulation and experimental data of shock waves from sub-caliber low-energy explosives. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0018] This invention provides a method for simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives by reducing the amount of low-energy explosives, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include the following: Step 1: Obtain the energy release characteristics (power field) of high-energy explosives under low-intensity reactions: Since the explosive energy generated by the low-intensity reaction of high-energy explosives is far lower than the detonation energy under complete reaction, the JWL equations or their improved models used in existing simulations are all used to describe the detonation force field generated under complete reaction. Using them to describe the low-intensity reaction of high-energy explosives is clearly inapplicable. Therefore, this invention starts from the principle of detonation generation, using a model describing the transition from combustion to detonation as the state equation for simulation. By controlling the model parameters and suppressing the growth of the detonation wave, the low-intensity reaction of high-energy explosives is simulated, and its energy release characteristics are obtained.
[0019] First, based on the structural characteristics of high-energy explosives, an equivalent geometric model is constructed. A suitable nonlinear dynamics simulation software for simulating explosion impact is selected, and the model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition is set as the state equation for simulation. The combustion-to-detonation model can be the Lee-Tarver model, the CE-SE model, the HERMES model, or the simulation model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition of explosives developed by Joseph R. Peterson et al. of the University of Utah based on the Uintah Computational Framework, etc. The material model and simulation algorithm for high-energy explosives are then set. By controlling the model parameters of the combustion-to-detonation transition model, the growth of the detonation wave is suppressed, enabling numerical simulation of high-energy explosives at low intensity, and obtaining the energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives at low intensity. The energy release characteristics include fragment field data and shock wave data. The fragment field data uses the number of fragments that hit and penetrate a target plate at a certain distance. The number of fragments that penetrate the target can be calculated using the fragment velocity decay formula and the Demar formula, while the number of fragments that hit the target plate is calculated based on the assumption of neglecting gravity. The shock wave data uses the overpressure peak value at different distances from the explosion center and is calculated based on the propagation law of shock waves in a free field and the Henrych formula.
[0020] The simulation parameters can be verified and optimized through experiments, so that the low-intensity energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives obtained by simulation are more in line with the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy of simulation.
[0021] Step 2, Selection of low-energy explosives and determination of structural dimensions: The power field generated by a complete detonation reaction of explosives is much greater than that generated by a low-intensity reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to first determine the energy density of low-energy explosives.
[0022] Using nonlinear dynamics software, the damage effects of low-energy explosives under complete detonation with different energy densities were compared. When the energy density of the low-energy explosive is similar to that of the high-energy explosive, the peak overpressure of the shock wave and its destructive power on the wall are significantly higher due to the more complete energy release of the low-energy explosive. Conversely, when the energy density is too low, according to the law of conservation of energy, the peak overpressure of the shock wave and its destructive power on the wall are significantly lower with similar charge amounts, making it difficult to effectively establish an energy balance between the two, resulting in simulation distortion. When the energy density is within a reasonable range, the results in terms of peak overpressure, fragment velocity, and mass distribution of the shock wave can be similar to those of the high-energy explosive by adjusting the charge structure. Through theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, a low-energy explosive with an energy density of 35% to 60% of that of the high-energy explosive was finally selected as the equivalent explosive, achieving undistorted simulation.
[0023] Because low-energy explosives release energy more completely, in order to achieve energy balance, it is necessary to select a suitable charge structure size and reduce the charge amount of low-energy explosives.
[0024] Based on the damage mechanism of shock waves on the wall and the propagation law of stress waves, it is known that when the difference between the height of low-energy explosives and the height of high-energy explosives is too large, the wall will suffer damage of varying degrees. Taking a cylindrical charge as an example, when the geometric height is too high, the damage pattern of the wall, especially at the upper wall, will be significantly different from the expected damage. Conversely, when the charge height is too low, the damage to the wall above the charge height will be severely inconsistent with expectations. Therefore, the charge height of low-energy explosives should be similar to or the same as that of high-energy explosives; the charge height of low-energy explosives can be taken as 80% to 105% of the height of high-energy explosives.
[0025] Based on the propagation law of shock waves in a free field and Henrych's formula, when low-energy explosives are at similar or the same charge height, the charge cross-sectional area needs to be reduced accordingly to ensure similar overpressure peaks at different distances. Therefore, the charge cross-section of low-energy explosives should be determined based on the principle that the energy release characteristics of the low-energy explosive under complete detonation reaction at that size are the same as or similar to the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity in step 1. Specifically, the error between the energy release characteristics of the equivalent explosive under complete reaction and the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity should be within 25%.
[0026] Nonlinear dynamics software can be used to simulate and calculate the energy release characteristics of the complete detonation reaction of low-energy explosives under different energy densities and structural sizes. The results can be compared with the energy release characteristics of the low-intensity reaction of high-energy explosives in step 1. If the error between the two is within the acceptable range for engineering, the optimal energy density and structural size can be selected.
[0027] Furthermore, the simulation parameters of low-energy explosive detonation simulation can be verified and optimized through experiments, so that the energy release characteristics of the low-energy explosive under complete detonation reaction obtained by simulation are more in line with the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy of simulation.
[0028] Step 3: Using the energy density and structural dimensions of the low-energy explosive determined in Step 2, conduct a complete detonation reaction test. Use the shock wave overpressure and fragment penetration depth as the evaluation criteria to assess the probability of different severity of personnel injury. The evaluation result is the corresponding low-intensity reverse damage effect of the high-energy explosive.
[0029] Specifically, shock wave overpressure data from low-energy explosive detonation tests, combined with shock wave overpressure criteria, can be used to assess level six injuries to personnel; and a method for assessing the probability of different injury severity to personnel based on fragment penetration depth can be used to assess injuries to personnel at the component (organ) level.
[0030] Example Step (1): The reactor is cylindrical and made of stainless steel. The specific dimensions of the reactor are as follows: inner diameter 317 mm, outer diameter 333 mm, total height 325 mm, inner depth 317 mm, material thickness 8 mm, and mass 25.445 kg. The explosive is cylindrical, with a diameter of 316 mm and a height of 300 mm. The explosive column is placed at the bottom of the reactor and is coaxial with the reactor. The reactor material is selected from the 304 stainless steel material provided in the simulation software. Taking a typical PBX explosive as an example, the Lee-Tarver model is selected for the equation of state. The parameters of the Lee-Tarver equation of state are as follows (unit system is cm-g-us): I is 4E6, b is 0.667, a is 0.214, x is 7, G1 is 1100, c is 0.667, d is 1, y is 2, G2 is 30, e is 0.667, g is 0.667, z is 1, F igmax F is 0.025. G1max It is 0.8, F G2min The value is 0.8. The fragmentation field data and shock wave data are calculated, and combined with the velocity decay formula and Demar's formula, the number of fragments hitting and penetrating the target plate at a certain distance is calculated. Step (2): Select C4, No. 2 emulsion explosive and ANFO explosive as low-energy explosives respectively, select the charge diameter as 130mm and the charge height as 300mm, calculate the shock wave overpressure data and fragmentation field data, compare with the simulation results in step (1), and select the best low-energy explosive type. The results show that No. 2 emulsion explosive has the best conformity. In step (3), No. 2 emulsion explosives with charge heights of 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm and 300mm were selected respectively, with the same charge diameter. The shock wave overpressure data and fragmentation field data were calculated and compared with the simulation results in step (1). The optimal charge height was selected. The results showed that the best fit was achieved when the charge height was 300mm. In step (4), select No. 2 emulsion explosives with charge diameters of 50mm, 90mm, 130mm, 170mm and 210mm respectively, keep the charge height at 300mm, calculate the shock wave overpressure data and fragmentation field data, compare with the simulation results in step (1), and optimize the charge diameter. The results show that the best conformity is achieved when the charge diameter is 130mm. Step (5): Based on the above steps, the dimensions of the reactor used in the experiment are determined as follows: inner diameter 317 mm, outer diameter 333 mm, total height 325 mm, inner depth 317 mm, material thickness 8 mm, and mass 25.445 kg. The explosive is cylindrical, with a diameter of 130 mm and a height of 300 mm. The explosive charge is placed at the bottom of the reactor and coaxial with the reactor. The overpressure and fragmentation field data of the shock wave are tested and compared with the simulation data. The comparison results of the shock data are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the two results agree well, proving the reliability of the simulation results.
[0031] Step (6) uses the verified shock wave overpressure data and combines it with the shock wave overpressure criteria to achieve a level 6 injury assessment for personnel; and adopts a method for assessing the probability of different injury severity of personnel based on fragment penetration depth to achieve a component (organ) level injury assessment for personnel.
[0032] In summary, the errors between the simulation results and experimental results for sub-caliber low-energy explosives are within engineering tolerances, demonstrating the reliability of the simulation results. Furthermore, the simulation results for sub-caliber low-energy explosives show good agreement with the fragmentation field and shock wave data under low reactivity conditions of high-energy explosives, and the results tend to be consistent when assessing their damage. Therefore, this method is reasonable for simulating the damage effects of low reactivity in high-energy explosives, providing strong technical support for conducting related experiments and studying the damage effects of low reactivity in high-energy explosives.
[0033] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for simulating the low-intensity damage effect of high-energy explosives by reducing the amount of low-energy explosives, characterized in that, include: S1. A model describing the transition from combustion to detonation is used as the state equation to simulate the explosion impact of high-energy explosives. By controlling the model parameters, the growth of the detonation wave is suppressed, and the energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives under low intensity are obtained. S2, select a low-energy explosive with an energy density of 35%~60% of that of a high-energy explosive as the equivalent explosive, and calculate the structural dimensions of the equivalent explosive; wherein, the height of the equivalent explosive is the same as or similar to that of the high-energy explosive; the cross-sectional area of the equivalent explosive is: the energy release characteristics of the equivalent explosive under complete reaction are similar to the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity obtained in S1. S3 involves conducting a full detonation test using the low-energy explosive and its structural dimensions determined in S2, and evaluating its damage effect. The evaluation result serves as the low-intensity damage effect of the high-energy explosive corresponding to this low-energy explosive.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition adopts the Lee-Tarver model, the CE-SE model, the HERMES model, or the simulation model describing the combustion-to-detonation transition of explosives developed by Joseph R. Peterson et al. of the University of Utah based on the Uintah Computational Framework.
3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the energy release characteristics include fragmentation field data and shock wave data.
4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The fragmentation field data refers to the number of fragments that hit and penetrated the target plate at a set distance; the shock wave data refers to the peak overpressure at different distances from the explosion center.
5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The number of fragments hitting and penetrating the target plate at a set distance is calculated based on the velocity decay formula and the Demar formula; the overpressure peak at different distances from the explosion center is calculated by combining the Henrych formula and the propagation law of shock waves in a free field.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, S1 further includes: obtaining the energy release characteristics of high-energy explosives at low intensity through experiments, and correcting simulation parameters based on the experimental results.
7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the height of the equivalent explosive is 80% to 105% of the height of the high-energy explosive; the error between the energy release characteristics of the equivalent explosive under complete reaction and the energy release characteristics of the high-energy explosive under low intensity is within 25%.
8. The method as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, In S2, numerical simulation is used to compare the damage effects of low-energy explosives under complete detonation with different energy densities and structural sizes. The energy release characteristics are used as the evaluation criteria to select the optimal energy density and structural size of the low-energy explosive.
9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The S2 further includes: obtaining the energy release characteristics of the low-energy explosive under complete reaction through experiments, and correcting the simulation parameters based on the experimental results.
10. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-energy explosive is ANFO explosive, No. 2 emulsion explosive or C4 explosive.