A micro-particle-based cable fire monitoring and early warning device and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of cable fire monitoring and early warning technology, specifically relating to a cable fire monitoring and early warning device and method based on microparticles. It includes a cable placement rack, which is a semi-circular groove structure. Multiple semi-circular plates are fixedly arranged at equal intervals inside the cable placement rack, and multiple cable placement holes are opened on the semi-circular plates. The cable body is located inside the cable placement rack and passes through the cable placement holes. This invention solves the problem of inconvenient all-round monitoring and early warning caused by excessively long cable placement racks, while also requiring minimal space and addressing the problem of limited space in cable compartments. This invention prevents errors caused by microparticle escape, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning, while significantly reducing energy consumption. This invention can flexibly switch operating states according to peak and off-peak periods of fire occurrence, thus ensuring monitoring and early warning while reducing equipment energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cable fire monitoring and early warning technology, specifically relating to a cable fire monitoring and early warning device and method based on microparticles. Background Technology

[0002] Cable fire early warning systems are used for safety monitoring of cable lines in power systems. They primarily use sensors to monitor parameters such as cable temperature, humidity, current, and microparticle release at key locations in real time, automatically determining the presence of fire risks such as overheating or abnormal loads. When an anomaly is detected, the device promptly issues an alarm, alerting personnel to take preventative measures to prevent fire accidents and ensure the safety of electrical equipment and personnel. Particle detectors are one such device that monitors the release of microparticles from overheated cables, enabling early detection of cable overheating anomalies.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application No. 201911097290.5 discloses a tunnel cable fire monitoring device and early warning method, including a signal acquisition unit for acquiring data parameters related to cable fire, a central processing unit for receiving and processing the data parameters from the signal acquisition unit, and an output unit for receiving and outputting command signals from the central processing unit. This patent can monitor tunnel cables in real time, acquire data parameters related to fire occurrence, determine the probability of fire occurrence and whether a fire is currently occurring based on the range of parameters, and provide early warning to avoid fire and reduce losses caused by cable fires. This patent detects whether a fire has occurred and the probability of it occurring at the source, and can prevent tunnel cable fires from occurring at the source.

[0004] When monitoring and issuing early warnings for fires in cables, the length of the cables often necessitates multiple monitoring and early warning devices, significantly increasing energy consumption and costs. Furthermore, monitoring with a single device cannot provide comprehensive coverage. Additionally, the confined space within the cable cavity makes it difficult to install and operate many devices. Moreover, when using particle detectors for monitoring and early warning, microparticles released from overheated cables can easily escape, leading to inaccurate monitoring data. Finally, energy consumption is a critical consideration for long-term monitoring equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a cable fire monitoring and early warning device and method based on microparticles. Through the structural design of the control mechanism, moving pipe, and cable placement rack, this invention solves the problem of inconvenient all-around monitoring and early warning caused by excessively long cable placement racks, while also requiring minimal space and overcoming the limitation of narrow cable interlayers. The combination of a closed mechanism and a three-way pipe mechanism prevents errors caused by microparticle escape, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning while significantly reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, this invention can flexibly switch operating states according to peak and off-peak fire periods, ensuring monitoring and early warning while minimizing equipment energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles includes a cable placement rack, which is a semi-circular groove structure. Multiple semi-circular plates are fixedly arranged at equal intervals inside the cable placement rack, and multiple cable placement holes are formed on the semi-circular plates. The cable body is located inside the cable placement rack and passes through the cable placement holes. The outer wall of the cable placement rack has a threaded groove, and both ends of the cable placement rack are fixed to the outside by L-shaped support rods. A movable tube is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the cable placement rack, and a particle detector is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable tube. A control mechanism is installed on the L-shaped support rods to control the movement of the movable tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the control mechanism includes two control rods, and the side wall of the moving tube is symmetrically provided with sliding holes, through which the control rods pass respectively; a rotating groove is fixedly provided on the L-shaped support rod, and a control disk is rotatably sleeved on the rotating groove, with the control disk being fixedly connected to the end of the adjacent control rod.

[0008] Furthermore, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted on one of the L-shaped support rods, and a forward and reverse motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate. An annular groove is fixedly mounted on the periphery of one of the control panels, and an internal gear ring is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom of the annular groove. A transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the output end of the forward and reverse motor, and the transmission gear meshes with the internal gear ring.

[0009] Furthermore, symmetrical grooves are provided on both ends of the moving tube, and a closing mechanism is provided on the groove. The closing mechanism includes a closing plate, which is slidably connected to the corresponding groove. Slider blocks are fixed on both sides of the closing plate, and a through hole is opened in the middle of the slider and a sliding rod is slidably connected thereto. A limit block is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod, and the limit block is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving tube. A return spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, and the two ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the limit block and the slider, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, when the enclosure plate is at the bottom of the cable placement rack, it is limited and slid out by the bottom of the cable placement rack; when the enclosure plate is at the top of the cable placement rack, it resets and abuts against the semi-circular plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the sidewall of the moving tube is symmetrically and fixedly connected to two three-way pipe mechanisms. Each three-way pipe mechanism includes a three-way pipe body, one end of which is fixedly connected to a particle detector, and the other end is fixedly connected to a fan. A one-way valve is installed on the pipe connected to the fan.

[0012] Furthermore, the cable placement rack has multiple ventilation holes in its threaded groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the one-way valve can only allow air to enter from the fan side.

[0014] Furthermore, the two fans are oriented in opposite directions.

[0015] This invention also claims a method for monitoring and early warning using the above-mentioned microparticle-based cable fire monitoring and early warning device, comprising the following steps: S1. During the low-risk period of a fire, routine monitoring and early warning are carried out. At this time, the forward and reverse motors are started and one of the particle detectors is turned on. Driven by the forward and reverse motors, the moving tube rotates and moves back and forth along the direction of the cable placement rack. At this time, the cable area in the cable placement rack is periodically monitored. S2. During the peak of a fire, precise monitoring and early warning are carried out. At this time, the forward and reverse motors are started. When the two closed plates abut the semi-circular plate, the fan below the cable placement rack and the particle detector above the cable placement rack are started. At this time, the cable placement rack between the two closed plates is in a closed state, and the fan below drives the air in the closed space into the particle detector above for monitoring. S3. After monitoring for a period of time, start the forward and reverse motor again to seal the inside of the cable placement rack between the other two semicircular plates. At this time, the orientation of the particle detector is reversed. Repeat step S2 to make the new particle detector monitor, while the other particle detector is blown by the air body of the three-way pipe mechanism; and so on.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention, through the structural design of the control mechanism, the moving tube, and the cable placement rack, can solve the problem of inconvenient all-round monitoring and early warning caused by the excessive length of the cable placement rack, and can also achieve this without occupying too much space, thus solving the problem of the narrow cable interlayer making it difficult to operate. Specifically, when monitoring and early warning are required, the forward and reverse motor is started, and one of the particle detectors is turned on. Driven by the forward and reverse motor, the control panel and control rod rotate around the L-shaped support rod through the meshing of the transmission gear and the internal gear ring and the support of the L-shaped support rod. At this time, the control rod will synchronously drive the moving tube to rotate. Since the cable placement rack is fixed, and the threaded groove of the cable placement rack and the moving tube The threaded connection allows the moving tube to move laterally along the cable placement frame as it rotates. Through the periodic forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the moving tube reciprocates along the cable placement frame, enabling periodic monitoring of the cable area within the frame. This allows for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of excessively long cable placement frames without the need for numerous particle detectors. When cables overheat and generate microparticles, these can be detected by the particle detectors, providing an early warning and preventing fires. Furthermore, the control mechanism achieves comprehensive monitoring of the particle detectors through rotation alone, requiring minimal space and solving the problem of limited space in narrow cable compartments.

[0017] (2) This invention, through the structural cooperation of the sealing mechanism and the three-way pipe mechanism, can prevent errors caused by the escape of microparticles, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning, while greatly reducing energy consumption; specifically, when performing precise monitoring and early warning, the forward and reverse motor is started, and the moving pipe will rotate laterally; due to the structural design of the sealing mechanism, when the moving pipe rotates, due to the limit of the cable placement rack, when the sealing plate is at the bottom of the cable placement rack, the sealing plate is limited by the bottom of the cable placement rack and slides out; when the sealing plate is at the top of the cable placement rack, the sealing plate has rotated to the top of the cable placement rack and there is no limit. At this time, the sealing plate is reset under the action of the return spring and abuts against the semicircular plate, thereby making the cable placement rack between the two semicircular plates in a closed state to prevent the possible escape of microparticles; when the two sealing plates abut against the semicircular plate, the fan under the cable placement rack is started. The process begins by activating the particle detector above the cable placement rack. At this point, the cable placement rack between the two enclosed plates is closed, and the fan below forces the air from the enclosed space into the particle detector above for monitoring. This ensures that all potentially generated microparticles are directed to the upper particle detector for monitoring, preventing errors caused by microparticle escape and improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning. After monitoring for a period, the forward and reverse motors are activated again, sealing the cable placement rack between the other two semicircular plates. The particle detector's orientation is then reversed, and step S2 is repeated, allowing the new particle detector to perform monitoring. This minimizes the impact of adjacent monitoring results, further improving monitoring accuracy. Meanwhile, the other particle detector is purged by the airflow from the three-way pipe mechanism, ensuring the accuracy of the next monitoring and allowing the two sets of particle detectors and the fan to operate alternately, significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0018] (3) The present invention can flexibly switch the operating status according to the peak and low periods of fire occurrence, so as to ensure both monitoring and early warning and reduce equipment energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed structure of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cable placement rack structure for a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism structure of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the control mechanism of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the moving tube of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the moving tube structure of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the enclosed mechanism structure of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring and early warning method of a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to the present invention.

[0020] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 100-Cable placement rack, 110-Semicircular plate, 111-Cable placement hole, 120-Ventilation hole, 130-L-shaped support rod, 140-Rotating groove, 150-Mounting plate, 200-Control mechanism, 210-Control rod, 220-Control panel, 221-Annular groove, 222-Internal gear ring, 300-Moving tube, 310-Sliding groove, 320-Sliding hole, 400-Sealing mechanism, 410-Sealing plate, 411-Slider, 420-Sliding rod, 430-Reset spring, 440-Limiting block, 500-Cable body, 600-Tee pipe mechanism, 610-Tee pipe body, 620-One-way valve, 700-Forward and reverse motor, 710-Transmission gear, 800-Fan, 900-Particle detector. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Although the steps in this invention are arranged by reference numerals, this is not intended to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is explicitly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] Example like Figures 1-9As shown, a cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles includes a cable placement rack 100, which has a semi-circular groove structure. Multiple semi-circular plates 110 are fixedly arranged at equal intervals inside the cable placement rack 100, and multiple cable placement holes 111 are formed on the semi-circular plates 110. The cable body 500 is located inside the cable placement rack 100 and passes through the cable placement holes 111. The outer wall of the cable placement rack 100 has a threaded groove, and both ends of the cable placement rack 100 are fixed to the outside by L-shaped support rods 130. A movable tube 300 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the cable placement rack 100, and a particle detector 900 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable tube 300. A control mechanism 200 is installed on the L-shaped support rod 130 to control the movement of the movable tube 300.

[0024] The present invention, through the structural design of the control mechanism 200, the moving tube 300, and the cable placement rack 100, can solve the problem of inconvenient all-round monitoring and early warning caused by the excessive length of the cable placement rack 100, and can also be achieved without occupying too much space, thus solving the problem of the cable interlayer being too narrow to operate; a detailed description will follow.

[0025] It is worth noting that the particle detector 900 of this invention is a mature existing technology. It monitors the release of microparticles into the air by overheating the cable, thereby providing early warning and preventing fires. It will not be described in detail here.

[0026] Furthermore, the control mechanism 200 includes two control rods 210, and the side wall of the moving tube 300 is symmetrically provided with sliding holes 320, and the control rods 210 pass through the corresponding sliding holes 320 respectively; the L-shaped support rod 130 is fixedly provided with a rotating groove 140, and a control disk 220 is rotatably sleeved on the rotating groove 140, and the control disk 220 is fixedly connected to the end of the adjacent control rod 210.

[0027] Furthermore, an mounting plate 150 is fixedly mounted on one of the L-shaped support rods 130, and a forward and reverse motor 700 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 150. An annular groove 221 is fixedly mounted on the periphery of one of the control panels 220, and an internal gear ring 222 is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom of the annular groove 221. A transmission gear 710 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the forward and reverse motor 700, and the transmission gear 710 meshes with the internal gear ring 222.

[0028] When monitoring and early warning are required, this invention starts the forward and reverse motor 700 and activates one of the particle detectors 900. Driven by the forward and reverse motor 700, the control disk 220 and control rod 210 rotate around the L-shaped support rod 130 through the meshing of the transmission gear 710 and the internal gear ring 222 and the support of the L-shaped support rod 130. At this time, the control rod 210 will synchronously drive the moving tube 300 to rotate. Since the cable placement rack 100 is fixed and its threaded groove is threadedly connected to the moving tube 300, it will also move laterally along the cable placement rack 100 when the moving tube 300 rotates, and through the forward and reverse rotation... The periodic forward and reverse rotation of the motor 700 causes the moving tube 300 to reciprocate along the direction of the cable placement rack 100, thereby periodically monitoring the cable area within the cable placement rack 100. This enables comprehensive monitoring and early warning of excessively long cable placement racks 100 without the need for numerous particle detectors 900. When the cable overheats and generates microparticles, these can be detected by the particle detector 900, allowing for subsequent early warning and preventing fires. Simultaneously, the control mechanism 200 achieves comprehensive monitoring of the particle detector 900 through rotation alone, requiring minimal space and solving the problem of limited space in cable compartments.

[0029] It is worth noting that the forward and reverse motor 700 and other electrical equipment of this invention are all powered by an external power source, and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] It is worth emphasizing that the cable placement rack 100 and the semi-circular plate 110 of the present invention also have the function of fixing cables to prevent the problem of cables being tangled and messy. At the same time, the cables at both ends of the cable placement rack 100 can pass through the inside of the L-shaped support rod 130. Since this is a conventional setting, it is not shown in the drawings and will not be described in detail here.

[0031] Furthermore, the moving tube 300 has symmetrically formed sliding grooves 310 on both side walls. A closing mechanism 400 is provided on the sliding groove 310. The closing mechanism 400 includes a closing plate 410, which is slidably connected to the corresponding sliding groove 310. Slider blocks 411 are fixedly provided on both sides of the closing plate 410. A through hole is formed in the middle of the slider 411 and a sliding rod 420 is slidably connected thereto. A limit block 440 is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod 420. The limit block 440 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving tube 300. A return spring 430 is sleeved on the sliding rod 420. The two ends of the return spring 430 are fixedly connected to the limit block 440 and the slider 411, respectively.

[0032] The present invention, through the structural cooperation of the sealing mechanism 400 and the three-way pipe mechanism 600, can prevent errors caused by the escape of microparticles, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning, while greatly reducing energy consumption; a detailed description will follow.

[0033] Furthermore, when the sealing plate 410 is at the bottom of the cable placement rack 100, the sealing plate 410 is limited and slid out by the bottom of the cable placement rack 100; when the sealing plate 410 is at the top of the cable placement rack 100, the sealing plate 410 is reset and abuts against the semi-circular plate 110.

[0034] Furthermore, the sidewall of the moving pipe 300 is symmetrically and fixedly connected to two three-way pipe mechanisms 600. Each three-way pipe mechanism 600 includes a three-way pipe body 610. One end of the three-way pipe body 610 is fixedly connected to a particle detector 900, and the other end is fixedly connected to a fan 800. A one-way valve 620 is installed on the pipe connected to the fan 800.

[0035] Furthermore, the cable placement rack 100 has multiple ventilation holes 120 in its threaded groove.

[0036] When performing precise monitoring and early warning, the present invention activates the forward and reverse motor 700, causing the moving tube 300 to rotate laterally. Due to the structural design of the sealing mechanism 400, when the moving tube 300 rotates, the sealing plate 410 slides out from the bottom of the cable placement rack 100 due to the limiting effect of the cable placement rack 100. When the sealing plate 410 is at the top of the cable placement rack 100, it has rotated above the cable placement rack 100 and is no longer limited. At this time, the sealing plate 410 is reset by the return spring 430 and abuts against the semicircular plate 110, thus sealing the cable placement rack 100 between the two semicircular plates 110 and preventing the escape of any microparticles. When the two sealing plates 410 abut against the semicircular plate 110, the fan 800 below the cable placement rack 100 and the particle detector 90 above the cable placement rack 100 are activated. 0; At this time, the cable placement rack 100 between the two closed plates 410 is in a closed state. The fan 800 below forces the air in the closed space into the particle detector 900 above for monitoring, so that all possible microparticles are driven into the particle detector 900 above for monitoring, preventing errors caused by microparticle escape, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning; After monitoring for a period of time, the forward and reverse motor 700 is started again, so that the cable placement rack 100 between the other two semicircular plates 110 is closed. At this time, the orientation of the particle detector 900 is changed, and step S2 is repeated, so that the new particle detector 900 monitors. In this way, the two adjacent monitoring results have little impact, further improving the accuracy of monitoring. The other particle detector 900 is purged by the air body of the three-way pipe mechanism 600, which can not only ensure the accuracy of the next monitoring, but also make the two sets of particle detectors 900 and the fan 800 run alternately, which greatly reduces energy consumption.

[0037] It is worth noting that the vent 120 can provide better heat dissipation around the cable, and at the same time, when the sealing mechanism 400 is closed, it can ensure that the three-way pipe mechanism 600 and the vent 120 are connected.

[0038] It is worth emphasizing that the operating cycle of the forward and reverse motor 700 and the particle detector 900 of the present invention can be controlled by an existing mature PLC system. At the same time, by setting an induction probe between the semi-circular plate 110 and the closed plate 410, the operation of the PLC system can be assisted. This is an existing mature technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0039] Furthermore, the one-way valve 620 can only draw air from the fan 800 side. This design prevents microparticles from escaping when monitored by the particle detector 900 above the cable tray 100.

[0040] Furthermore, the two fans 800 are oriented in opposite directions. This opposite orientation avoids potential interference between the operation of the two fans 800.

[0041] A method for monitoring and early warning using the aforementioned microparticle-based cable fire monitoring and early warning device includes the following steps: S1. During the low-peak period of a fire, routine monitoring and early warning are carried out. At this time, the forward and reverse motor 700 is started and one of the particle detectors 900 is turned on. Driven by the forward and reverse motor 700, the moving tube 300 rotates and moves back and forth along the direction of the cable placement rack 100. At this time, the cable area in the cable placement rack 100 is periodically monitored. S2. During the peak of a fire, precise monitoring and early warning are performed. At this time, the forward and reverse motor 700 is started. When the two closed plates 410 abut against the semi-circular plate 110, the fan 800 below the cable placement rack 100 and the particle detector 900 above the cable placement rack 100 are started. At this time, the cable placement rack 100 between the two closed plates 410 is in a closed state, and the fan 800 below forces the air in the closed space into the particle detector 900 above for monitoring. S3. After monitoring for a period of time, the forward and reverse motor 700 is started again, so that the cable placement rack 100 between the other two semicircular plates 110 is sealed. At this time, the orientation of the particle detector 900 is changed. Step S2 is repeated so that the new particle detector 900 performs monitoring, while the other particle detector 900 is swept by the air body of the three-way pipe mechanism 600. This cycle continues.

[0042] This invention can flexibly switch operating states according to the peak and off-peak periods of fire occurrence, thereby ensuring both monitoring and early warning while reducing equipment energy consumption.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles, characterized in that, The system includes a cable placement rack (100), which has a semi-circular groove structure. Multiple semi-circular plates (110) are fixedly arranged at equal intervals inside the cable placement rack (100). Multiple cable placement holes (111) are opened on the semi-circular plates (110). The cable body (500) is located inside the cable placement rack (100) and passes through the cable placement holes (111). The outer wall of the cable placement rack (100) is provided with a threaded groove. Both ends of the cable placement rack (100) are fixed to the outside by L-shaped support rods (130). A movable tube (300) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the cable placement rack (100). A particle detector (900) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the movable tube (300). A control mechanism (200) is installed on the L-shaped support rod (130) to control the movement of the movable tube (300).

2. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control mechanism (200) includes two control rods (210). The side wall of the moving tube (300) is symmetrically provided with sliding holes (320), and the control rods (210) pass through the corresponding sliding holes (320). The L-shaped support rod (130) is fixedly provided with a rotating groove (140), and a control disk (220) is rotatably sleeved on the rotating groove (140). The control disk (220) is fixedly connected to the end of the adjacent control rod (210).

3. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 2, characterized in that, An mounting plate (150) is fixedly mounted on one of the L-shaped support rods (130), and a forward and reverse motor (700) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (150). An annular groove (221) is fixedly provided on the periphery of one of the control panels (220), and an internal gear ring (222) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the annular groove (221). A transmission gear (710) is fixedly provided at the output end of the forward and reverse motor (700), and the transmission gear (710) meshes with the internal gear ring (222).

4. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moving tube (300) has symmetrically arranged sliding grooves (310) on both sides of its sidewalls. A closing mechanism (400) is provided on the sliding groove (310). The closing mechanism (400) includes a closing plate (410) which is slidably connected to the corresponding sliding groove (310). A slider (411) is fixedly provided on both sides of the closing plate (410). A through hole is opened in the middle of the slider (411) and a sliding rod (420) is slidably connected thereto. A limit block (440) is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding rod (420). The limit block (440) is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the moving tube (300). A return spring (430) is sleeved on the sliding rod (420). The two ends of the return spring (430) are fixedly connected to the limit block (440) and the slider (411) respectively.

5. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the closing plate (410) is at the bottom of the cable placement rack (100), the closing plate (410) is limited by the bottom of the cable placement rack (100) and slides out; when the closing plate (410) is at the top of the cable placement rack (100), the closing plate (410) resets and abuts against the semicircular plate (110).

6. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sidewall of the moving tube (300) is symmetrically and fixedly connected to two three-way pipe mechanisms (600). The three-way pipe mechanism (600) includes a three-way pipe body (610). One end of the three-way pipe body (610) is fixedly connected to a particle detector (900), and the other end is fixedly connected to a fan (800). A one-way valve (620) is installed on the pipe connected to the fan (800).

7. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cable placement rack (100) has multiple ventilation holes (120) in its threaded groove.

8. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The one-way valve (620) can only draw air from the fan (800) side.

9. The cable fire monitoring and early warning device based on microparticles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two fans (800) are facing opposite directions.

10. A method for monitoring and early warning of cable fires using the microparticle-based cable fire monitoring and early warning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. When the fire occurs at a low point, routine monitoring and early warning are carried out. At this time, the forward and reverse motor (700) is started and one of the particle detectors (900) is turned on. Driven by the forward and reverse motor (700), the moving tube (300) rotates and moves back and forth along the direction of the cable placement rack (100). At this time, the cable area in the cable placement rack (100) is periodically monitored. S2. During the peak of a fire, precise monitoring and early warning are carried out. At this time, the forward and reverse motor (700) is started. When the two closed plates (410) abut against the semi-circular plate (110), the fan (800) below the cable placement rack (100) and the particle detector (900) above the cable placement rack (100) are started. At this time, the cable placement rack (100) between the two closed plates (410) is in a closed state. The fan (800) below drives the air in the closed space into the particle detector (900) above for monitoring. S3. After monitoring for a period of time, the forward and reverse motor (700) is started again, so that the cable placement rack (100) between the other two semicircular plates (110) is sealed. At this time, the orientation of the particle detector (900) is changed. Step S2 is repeated so that the new particle detector (900) can monitor, while the other particle detector (900) is blown by the air body of the three-way pipe mechanism (600); this cycle continues.

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