Battery formation and component distribution method based on flexible airbag pressurization and battery formation and component distribution device

Abstract

The application discloses a battery formation and grading method and device based on flexible air bag pressurization, wherein the battery formation and grading method comprises driving an aging plate to move to a predetermined position and keeping fixed; driving an air bag mechanism to be close to a battery cell on the aging plate, and making the air bag mechanism keep a preset interval distance from the battery cell; controlling the air bag mechanism to increase pressure, so that the air bag mechanism generates inflation deformation and is attached to the surface of the battery cell to transmit pressure to the battery cell; performing a formation process on the battery cell; and controlling the air bag mechanism to release pressure. The flexible air bag pressurization is adopted, the air bag is uniformly stressed and well attached, and the consistency of the battery cell formation pressure is significantly improved. Meanwhile, the air bag mechanism keeps a preset interval distance from the battery cell, influences of other power on the battery cell pressurization are avoided, the pressure mainly received by the battery cell in the formation and grading process is the pressure of the flexible air bag, and it is ensured that the stress is uniform and the battery cell cannot be damaged by pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery cell manufacturing technology, and in particular to a battery formation and capacity testing method and apparatus based on flexible airbag pressurization. Background Technology

[0002] Formation and capacity testing are critical processes that determine the consistency, cycle life, and safety performance of battery cells. To suppress cell bulging and deformation during formation, ensure tight adhesion between the electrodes and separator, and improve electrolyte wetting and interfacial reaction stability, the industry generally adopts a pressure formation process, which applies constant and uniform pressure to the battery cell during the formation stage.

[0003] Currently, the widely used pressurization methods mainly rely on mechanical structures such as screws and pressure plates. For example, a lead screw drives pressure to a push plate, which then pushes the layers to transmit pressure. This type of method has obvious drawbacks: First, due to mechanical friction and processing errors, it is easy to cause inaccurate pressure control and uneven stress on the surface of the cell, affecting the consistency of battery performance; second, the equipment is mostly a heavy metal structure, which is large in size and heavy in weight, making it difficult to install, transport, and for lightweight design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, which can improve the pressure uniformity of battery cells.

[0005] The present invention also proposes a battery formation and capacity testing device for performing the above-described battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is applied to a formation and capacity testing apparatus, the apparatus comprising an airbag mechanism and an aging plate for mounting battery cells, the airbag mechanism being used to apply pressure to the battery cells, and the battery formation and capacity testing method comprising: Drive the aging board to a predetermined position and keep it fixed; The airbag mechanism is driven to approach the battery cell on the aging board, and the airbag mechanism and the battery cell maintain a preset distance. The airbag mechanism is pressurized to cause it to expand and deform, attaching to the surface of the battery cell and transmitting pressure to the battery cell. The battery cells undergo a formation process; Control the depressurization of the airbag mechanism.

[0007] The battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: Using flexible airbag pressurization ensures uniform force distribution and good fit, effectively avoiding the pressure unevenness caused by friction, processing, and assembly errors in traditional mechanical pressurization. This significantly improves the consistency of cell formation pressure, enhancing the formation effect and the performance of the finished cell. Simultaneously, the airbag mechanism maintains a preset distance from the cell, preventing other forces from affecting the cell pressurization. This ensures that the pressure primarily experienced by the cell during formation and capacity testing is the pressure of the flexible airbag, guaranteeing uniform force distribution and preventing pressure damage. Furthermore, the airbag mechanism is lightweight, facilitating lightweight design.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formation and capacity testing device further includes a locking structure for limiting relative displacement between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell; the driving airbag mechanism to approach the battery cell on the aging board and maintain a preset distance between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell includes: When the distance between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell is the preset distance, the locking structure is controlled to enter the locking state.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: Control the locking structure to enter the unlocked state; Drive the airbag mechanism away from the battery cells on the aging board.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery formation and capacity testing device includes a guide and a plurality of layer plate assemblies, each of the layer plate assemblies being slidably connected to the guide, the plurality of layer plate assemblies being arranged along the length direction of the guide, each of the layer plate assemblies including the airbag mechanism and the aging plate, the airbag mechanism and the aging plate being arranged along the length direction of the guide, the airbag mechanism being used to apply pressure to the cells on adjacent layer plate assemblies; the battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: Each airbag mechanism is controlled to activate and inflate asynchronously according to a preset timing sequence, so that there is a time difference when different airbag mechanisms start inflating.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, controlling each airbag mechanism to asynchronously open and inflate according to a preset timing sequence includes: The pressurization is activated sequentially with a delay, based on the order of distance between each airbag mechanism and the air source, from farthest to closest.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the time interval of the delay is set based on at least one of the following parameters: the volume of the gas supply line, the airflow resistance, and the target pressurization rate.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: After each airbag mechanism completes its initial pressurization, based on the feedback signals from the pressure sensors installed in each airbag mechanism or each air supply branch, the intake valve or pressure regulating valve of the corresponding airbag mechanism is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each airbag mechanism reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of airbag mechanisms are divided into a plurality of pressure control zones, each pressure control zone comprising at least two airbag mechanisms and sharing a zone pressure sensor and a zone pressure regulating valve; the battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: After each airbag mechanism completes its initial pressurization, based on the feedback signal from the zone pressure sensor in the pressure control zone, the zone pressure regulating valve of the corresponding pressure control zone is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each pressure control zone reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery formation and capacity testing device includes a guide and a plurality of layer plate assemblies, each of the layer plate assemblies being slidably connected to the guide, the guide being arranged in a vertical direction, and the plurality of layer plate assemblies being arranged along the length direction of the guide, each of the layer plate assemblies including the airbag mechanism and the aging plate, the airbag mechanism and the aging plate being arranged along the length direction of the guide, the airbag mechanism being used to apply pressure to the cells on adjacent layer plate assemblies; the battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: Apply the same initial reference pressure to the airbag mechanisms on multiple layer assemblies; Acquire and record the displacement measurements of each airbag mechanism after the initial reference pressure is applied; Based on all displacement measurements, a unified target displacement is determined; For any target layer assembly whose displacement measurement value is not equal to the target displacement, a pressure compensation value for the airbag mechanism of the target layer assembly is generated based on the deviation between its displacement measurement value and the target displacement. Adjust the internal pressure of the airbag mechanism of the corresponding target layer assembly based on the pressure compensation value.

[0016] A formulation and compatibilization apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention includes: Aging board, used for installing battery cells; An airbag mechanism for applying pressure to the battery cell; A pressure supply system is connected to the airbag mechanism via an air supply line; The control system is configured to perform the battery formation and capacity testing method as described in the first aspect embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] The cell formation and capacity testing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: Using a flexible airbag for pressurization ensures uniform force distribution and good fit, effectively avoiding the pressure unevenness caused by friction, processing, and assembly errors in traditional mechanical pressurization. This significantly improves the consistency of cell formation pressure, enhancing the formation effect and the performance of the finished cell. Simultaneously, the airbag mechanism is lightweight, facilitating lightweight design. The arrangement and synchronous pressurization of multiple layered assemblies enable simultaneous cell formation and capacity testing of multiple cells, resulting in high production efficiency and adaptability to large-scale production needs.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a chemical composition and dispensing device based on flexible airbag pressurization according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the chemical reaction and reaction apparatus from another angle is shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the chemical reaction and reaction apparatus from another angle is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the shelf assembly is shown; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the shelf assembly from another angle is shown; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the assembly of multiple shelf assemblies; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a chemical composition and capacity apparatus according to other embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a formulation and compatibilization apparatus according to other embodiments of the present invention; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 A flowchart of a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization is provided for another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 The flowchart illustrates a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, as provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Guide component; 110. Positioning component; 200. Sheet assembly; 210. Airbag mechanism; 220. Aging plate; 230. Battery slot; 240. Vent hole; 300. Pushing assembly; 310. Pushing cylinder; 320. Push plate; 330. Mounting plate; 340. Locking structure; 400. Limiting structure; 410. Collar; 420. Limiting hook; 421. First hook; 422. Second hook; 423. Abutting surface; 424. Hooking surface; 430. Limiting sleeve; 500. Battery cell. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This invention provides a formation and capacity testing device based on flexible airbag pressurization, mainly used for formation and capacity testing of lithium battery cells 500. While ensuring uniform pressurization, it achieves lightweight fixtures and simplified structure. The formation and capacity testing device mainly includes a guide 100, multiple layer assemblies 200, and a pushing assembly 300. Each layer assembly 200 is slidably mounted on the guide 100 and can move along the length of the guide 100. The multiple layer assemblies 200 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length of the guide 100, forming a multi-layer structure capable of batch formation and capacity testing of the battery cells 500.

[0026] The guide 100 serves as the skeleton of the fixture and typically consists of two or more robust guide rods or rails. Its primary function is to provide precise linear guidance, ensuring that all shelf assemblies 200 can slide smoothly and aligned along their length.

[0027] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each layer assembly 200 is provided with an airbag mechanism 210 and an aging plate 220, which are correspondingly arranged along the length of the guide member 100. The aging plate 220 is used to directly support and fix the battery cell 500 to be formed. The battery cell 500 is mounted on it and connected to an electrical connector (such as a probe or clamp) on the aging plate 220 for charging and discharging (formation) operations. The formation and capacity testing device includes a pressure supply system, which is connected to each airbag mechanism 210 through an air supply line. The airbag mechanism 210 includes a flexible airbag, and the layer assembly 200 is provided with a vent 240. The pressure supply system can fill the flexible airbag with a medium (such as compressed air or liquid) through the vent 240, causing the flexible airbag to expand and generate controllable pressure. When the layer assemblies 200 come together in sequence, the airbag mechanism 210 on a certain layer assembly 200 can directly apply flexible pressure to the battery cell 500 installed on the aging board 220 on the adjacent layer assembly 200.

[0028] The pushing component 300 is used to drive the shelf assembly 200 to move along the length of the guide 100 to the target position, so that the adjacent shelf assemblies 200 move closer to each other and the spacing is reduced, thereby achieving the pre-positioning of the airbag mechanism 210 before pressurizing the battery cell 500; then, the airbag mechanism 210 is inflated to achieve uniform and stable pressurization of the battery cell 500.

[0029] When a batch of battery cells 500 needs to be loaded into the fixture for formation and capacity testing, the pushing assembly 300 is activated first. The pushing assembly 300 pushes all the layer assemblies 200 along the guide 100 in one direction (usually the compression direction) until each layer assembly 200 reaches a preset target position. This position significantly reduces the spacing between the battery cells 500 mounted on adjacent layer assemblies 200, but does not directly and tightly contact them or apply the final process pressure. After the initial spacing is set, the airbag mechanism 210 on each layer assembly 200 starts to work. A medium of a certain pressure is injected into each airbag, and the flexible airbag begins to expand uniformly. Since the spacing between adjacent layers is now very small, the expanding airbag will uniformly contact and press against the surface of the battery cells 500 on the adjacent layer assembly 200 (i.e., the other side of the aging board 220). The airbag distributes the pressure evenly across the entire surface of the battery cells 500 through its flexible contact surface. In this process, the pressure of the airbag can be precisely controlled and adjusted in real time to strictly match the pressure curve required by the formation and capacity testing process. Cell 500 undergoes charging and discharging formation simultaneously under uniform pressure.

[0030] In related technologies, to compress the battery cell 500 from both sides, the forming and capacity clamping fixture typically requires a set of driving components (such as two cylinders or two sets of lead screw motors) at each end of the fixture. These two sets of driving components need precise synchronous control to ensure centered and balanced pressure. This not only complicates the mechanical structure and increases the number of parts, but also increases the cost and difficulty of debugging and maintaining the synchronous control system.

[0031] To solve the above problems, refer to Figure 1 The formation and capacity-building device of this embodiment of the invention is provided with a positioning member 110, which is fixedly installed at one end of the guide member 100. The positioning member 110 is used to axially limit the layer assembly 200, ensuring that the layer assembly 200 is accurately positioned during the closing process and does not exceed its stroke, thereby improving the overall stability and positioning accuracy of the fixture. The pushing assembly 300 includes a pushing cylinder 310 and a pushing plate 320. The power output end of the pushing cylinder 310 is connected to the pushing plate 320. During operation, the pushing cylinder 310 drives the pushing plate 320 to move, applying a pushing force to the layer assembly 200 through the pushing plate 320. This causes the layer assembly 200 to move smoothly along the length direction of the guide member 100, achieving spacing adjustment between adjacent layer assemblies 200 and providing reliable structural support for the subsequent pressurized formation of the battery cell 500.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the forming and capacity-enhancing device has a fixed positioning element 110 at one end of the guide element 100, which limits the shelf assembly 200 at one end. Only a single power source, the pusher cylinder 310, drives the pusher plate 320 to move, thus pushing the shelf assembly 200 closer together and clamping the battery cell 500. This eliminates the need for two or more sets of driving elements working together. Through this single-end positioning and single-power drive structure, the overall fixture structure is significantly simplified while ensuring reliable clamping of the battery cell 500. This reduces the number of power components, lowers the difficulty of equipment assembly and control complexity, and also helps to reduce equipment size, manufacturing costs and failure rates, while improving the stability and reliability of fixture operation.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 The pushing assembly 300 includes a mounting plate 330 and a locking structure 340. The locking structure 340 is a movable mechanical, pneumatic, or electric locking device (such as a pin, clamping block, locking cylinder, etc.). The mounting plate 330 is fixedly installed on the end of the guide member 100 away from the positioning member 110, providing a stable mounting base for the locking structure 340. The locking structure 340 is mounted on the mounting plate 330. When the pushing cylinder 310 drives the layer assembly 200 to move to the target position required for formation, the locking structure 340 acts and forms a limiting constraint on the layer assembly 200, preventing the layer assembly 200 from rebounding or shifting to the side away from the positioning member 110. This ensures that the cell 500 is always in a stable and reliable clamping state throughout the entire formation and capacity testing process, avoiding the formation effect from pressure loosening or positional deviation.

[0034] It is understandable that the guide member 100 is provided with a positioning member 110 as a fixed limiting end at one end, and the locking structure 340 is assembled at the other end through the mounting plate 330; the push cylinder 310 pushes the multilayer board assembly 200 to the target position through the push plate 320 to achieve the initial pressing of the battery cell 500, and then the locking structure 340 locks and limits the multilayer board assembly 200, forming a stable force-bearing structure with the positioning member 110 limiting at both ends and clamping in the middle.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the locking structure 340 includes a first link 340 and a second link 350. One end of the first link 340 is hinged to one end of the second link 350, and the other end of the first link 340 is hinged to the mounting plate 330. The other end of the second link 350 is hinged to the push plate 320. When the shelf assembly 200 moves to the target position, the first link 340 and the second link 350 are collinear, and their collinear direction is parallel to the length direction of the guide member 100. The collinearity of the links forms a self-locking mechanism, which can achieve reliable locking without an additional power source. The structure is simple and the operation is stable, avoiding displacement of the shelf assembly 200 due to air pressure fluctuations or external force rebound.

[0036] When the pusher cylinder 310 drives the pusher plate 320 forward, it simultaneously moves the second link 350, forcing the hinge point of the first link 340 and the second link 350 to move towards the positioning member 110. At this time, the linkage mechanism is in a bent state. When the pusher plate 320 moves to the target position where the shelf assembly 200 presses against the positioning member 110, the first link 340 and the second link 350 are driven to a completely collinear "dead point" position. The action of reaching this position and the locking action are synchronized and automatically completed, without the need for additional sensors or control signals to trigger the locking. The pusher cylinder 310 only needs to maintain a small thrust or directly release the pressure, and the locking structure 340 can maintain the pressed state by relying on geometric self-locking.

[0037] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the locking structure 340 includes a second cylinder 360, which is mounted such that the extension direction of its piston rod faces the side of the push plate 320 away from the positioning member 110. When locking is required, its piston rod extends and directly abuts or presses against the back of the push plate 320. The second cylinder 360 is used to abut against the side of the push plate 320 away from the positioning member 110 when the shelf assembly 200 moves to the target position, thereby restricting the push plate 320 and the shelf assembly 200 from moving away from the positioning member 110, and achieving locking and positioning of the shelf assembly 200. Using the second cylinder 360 as the locking structure 340, locking is achieved by the cylinder directly abutting against the push plate 320. The action response is fast, the locking position is accurate, the control method is simple and reliable, and the locking timing can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the batching and filling process, further improving the automation level and operational stability of the fixture, and meeting the usage requirements under different working conditions.

[0038] Understandably, a limiting structure 400 is provided between adjacent layer assemblies 200. This limiting structure 400 restricts the minimum distance between adjacent layer assemblies 200, preventing them from excessively converging and compressing the battery cell 500. This ensures that the battery cell 500 primarily experiences pressure from the flexible airbag during the formation and capacity testing process, guaranteeing uniform stress and preventing damage. Furthermore, the limiting structure 400 ensures that the initial gap before the airbag begins pressurization is uniform and precise. This eliminates gap inconsistencies caused by component processing or assembly errors, providing a stable and consistent starting point for subsequent uniform pressurization of the airbag. This directly improves the uniformity of pressurization of each battery cell 500, enhancing the consistency and reliability of multi-cell 500 formation processes.

[0039] Furthermore, while flexible airbags can inflate and apply pressure, their physical structure and materials limit their compressible stroke. Without this limit, under the powerful thrust of the push cylinder 310, adjacent layer assemblies 200 might come too close together, causing the airbag sandwiched in the middle to be excessively compressed, crushed, or even damaged. The limiting structure 400 sets a locking point for the compression of the airbag, ensuring that the mechanical compression of the airbag does not exceed its design safety range.

[0040] Reference Figures 4 to 6 In some embodiments, each shelf assembly 200 is fixedly connected to a limiting structure 400, which includes a collar 410 and a limiting hook 420. The collar 410 is movably sleeved on the guide member 100. The two limiting hooks 420 corresponding to adjacent shelf assemblies 200 are interlocked to achieve limiting constraints between adjacent shelf assemblies 200. When two adjacent shelf assemblies 200 approach each other, one side of their respective limiting hooks 420 abuts against each other, thereby limiting the minimum distance between adjacent shelf assemblies 200 and achieving the limiting function. At the same time, the other side of the two limiting hooks 420 are interlocked to effectively limit the separation of adjacent shelf assemblies 200, preventing the distance between them from being too large, and ensuring that adjacent shelf assemblies 200 always move within the set distance range, ensuring stable opening and closing of shelf assemblies 200 and uniform spacing. Moreover, when the push cylinder 310 pushes the shelf assembly 200 to move, the distance between two adjacent shelf assemblies 200 is small, which reduces the acceleration impact caused by their separation and helps protect the battery cell 500.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The limiting hook 420 includes a first hook portion 421 and a second hook portion 422, which are arranged along the length of the guide member 100, and the opening directions of the first hook portion 421 and the second hook portion 422 are opposite. The end face of the first hook portion 421 is designed as an abutment surface 423, and the inner side of the second hook portion 422 is designed as an abutment surface 423; the hook-shaped portions of the first hook portion 421 and the second hook portion 422 are designed as hooking surfaces 424. When the two shelf assemblies 200 approach each other under the action of thrust, the abutment surfaces 423 of their respective limiting hooks 420 will contact each other first. When the two shelf assemblies 200 move away from each other, the hooking surfaces 424 of their respective limiting hooks 420 will engage with each other.

[0042] Furthermore, in a fixture containing numerous shelf assemblies 200, pre-assembling these individual shelf assemblies 200 into a stable, integrated module for easy hoisting, transportation, and insertion into the guide frame presents a significant engineering challenge. Without constraints, all shelf assemblies 200 would disperse under gravity or vibration. This solution, by incorporating limit hooks 420, allows multiple shelf assemblies 200 to be pre-assembled into a compact, non-dispersible unit, greatly facilitating installation and maintenance.

[0043] Reference Figure 8 In some other embodiments, the limiting structure 400 includes a limiting sleeve 430, which is sleeved on the guide member 100. The two ends of the limiting sleeve 430 are respectively used to abut against an adjacent shelf assembly 200. The spacing between adjacent shelf assemblies 200 is limited by the length of the limiting sleeve 430 itself, so as to ensure that the shelf assemblies 200 maintain a stable and uniform gap during the closing and opening process.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments, the formation and capacity device can be designed as a vertical structure. (See also...) Figure 8 In some other embodiments, the formation and capacity device may also be designed as a horizontal structure.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 The aging board 220 is provided with a battery slot 230 for placing the battery cell 500. The battery slot 230 is used as a fixture for placing the battery cell 500. The battery slot 230 is set as a battery conformal structure, that is, the battery slot 230 is constructed to fit the shape of the battery cell 500 to ensure flatness.

[0046] This invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, which can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned formation and capacity testing device. (See reference...) Figure 9 As shown, the control method of this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, steps S100, S200, S300, S400, and S500.

[0047] Step S100: Drive the aging board to move to the predetermined position and keep it fixed.

[0048] In this embodiment, the aging board reaches the preset process position and is rigidly fixed, avoiding problems such as pressure transmission distortion and cell alignment deviation caused by displacement / shaking of the aging board during subsequent pressurization and formation processes. The preset position refers to the pressurization station of the cell.

[0049] In step S200, the airbag mechanism is driven to approach the battery cell on the aging board, and the airbag mechanism and the battery cell maintain a preset distance.

[0050] Maintaining a preset distance between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell is a precise positioning requirement before pressurization. At this preset distance, the airbag mechanism and the battery cell do not contact each other, or only slightly contact each other, but essentially do not transmit pressure. This ensures that the battery cell is not affected by other external forces, so that in subsequent processes, the battery cell is mainly subjected to the pressure applied by the airbag mechanism. This ensures that when the airbag is inflated, pressure is applied to the surface of the battery cell (especially irregularly shaped cells) in a controllable and uniform manner, which helps to ensure the uniformity of pressure on battery cells distributed in different locations.

[0051] Step S300: Control the airbag mechanism to increase pressure, so that the airbag mechanism expands and deforms and attaches to the surface of the battery cell, transmitting pressure to the battery cell.

[0052] By introducing a fixed quantity and pressure of gas into the air intake cavity of the airbag mechanism, the internal pressure of the airbag is precisely increased according to the preset process pressure and pressurization rate, avoiding cell damage caused by sudden pressure rises. When the internal air pressure of the airbag mechanism increases, the airbag sheet undergoes flexible expansion and deformation, adaptively fitting along the contour of the cell surface. Even if there are irregular structures such as bumps or steps on the cell surface, full-surface adhesion can still be achieved. After the airbag sheet is fully attached to the cell surface, the internal pressure of the airbag is converted into a uniform pressure acting perpendicularly on the cell surface through the flexible airbag sheet. There is no rigid contact during the pressure transmission process, avoiding local stress concentration in the cell, while ensuring that the pressure acts stably on the cell until the formation process is completed.

[0053] Step S400: Perform formation process on the battery cell.

[0054] By applying preset charging and discharging current and voltage to the battery cell through an external charging and discharging device, the core electrochemical reactions such as activation of the internal electrode materials, electrolyte wetting, and SEI film formation are completed, realizing the transformation of the battery cell from a semi-finished product to a finished product with charging and discharging performance.

[0055] Throughout the formation process, the airbag mechanism provides continuous and uniform pressure to the battery cell. This pressure field, as an essential physical constraint condition for the formation process, directly affects the contact state of the materials inside the battery cell, the wetting effect of the electrolyte, and the formation quality of the SEI film. Without a stable pressure field, the effectiveness and consistency of the formation process cannot be guaranteed.

[0056] Step S500: Depressurize the airbag mechanism.

[0057] Depressurization reduces the internal air pressure of the airbag mechanism, causing the airbag, which was originally inflated and exerting pressure on the battery cell, to contract and return to its original shape. This relieves the pressure on the battery cell, freeing it from its constrained state so that it can be removed, transported, or tested.

[0058] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 10As shown, Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the subsequent process of step S200, which includes, but is not limited to, step S600.

[0059] In step S600, when the distance between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell is a preset distance, the locking structure is controlled to enter the locking state.

[0060] In the previous step S300, when the airbag is inflated and pressurized, its reaction force attempts to push the airbag mechanism open. Under continuous high pressure, the airbag mechanism may experience slight positional drift. This slight displacement of the airbag mechanism during pressurization causes part of the airbag's expansion pressure to be used to move the mechanism, rather than being fully applied to the battery cell, resulting in pressure transmission distortion. The rigid fixation of the locking structure keeps the airbag pressurization assembly stationary, ensuring that all the pressure generated by the airbag's expansion is converted into effective pressure acting on the battery cell, thus improving pressure transmission efficiency from a structural perspective.

[0061] In some embodiments, a high-precision position detection component can be used to detect the actual distance between the airbag mechanism and the battery cell in real time. When the actual distance is completely matched with the process preset distance and is maintained stably, it is determined that the position condition for triggering the lock has been met.

[0062] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the subsequent process of step S600, which includes, but is not limited to, steps S700 and S800.

[0063] Step S700: Control the locking structure to enter the unlocked state.

[0064] After the pressure relief action is completed in step S500, the locking structure begins to unlock to prevent the battery cell from being subjected to unstable pressure during the pressure relief process. If the airbag mechanism is to be moved to remove the battery cell, its locking must be released first. The execution of step S700 releases the positional constraint; after the unlocking action is completed, the mechanism regains its degrees of freedom of movement, providing a safe structural foundation for subsequent mechanism reset actions.

[0065] Step S800: Drive the airbag mechanism away from the battery cells on the aging board.

[0066] This step is the mechanism reset process after depressurization and unlocking in the stacked multi-station airbag pressurized battery cell formation process, providing an interference-free operating space for subsequent battery cell unloading and new process loading. The main process involves moving the airbag pressurization mechanism away from the battery cells on the aging board along a preset guide path, thus resetting the airbag mechanism to its initial position. This step prevents the airbag mechanism from interfering with the space for battery cell unloading, facilitating the unloading operation by a robot or manual operator. It also avoids scratching and collisions with the airbag mechanism during unloading, protecting the battery cell surface (especially cells coated with solid electrolytes) and the airbag from damage.

[0067] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the refinement process of step S300, which includes, but is not limited to, step S310.

[0068] Step S310: Control each airbag mechanism to asynchronously start pressurization according to a preset timing sequence, so that there is a time difference when different airbag mechanisms start pressurization.

[0069] It is understandable that when multiple airbags are connected in parallel to supply pressure through the same air circuit system, there will be pressure difference and response time difference between the workstations far from and near the air source, resulting in inconsistent pressure on the cells at different workstations, which seriously affects the consistency of battery formation.

[0070] In this embodiment, during the airbag inflation stage, the airbag valves at all workstations are not opened simultaneously. Instead, the inflation valves are opened one by one or in batches with a slight delay. This avoids a sudden drop in the main air supply pressure caused by all airbags inhaling at the same time, thereby reducing the time difference and overshoot between workstations in reaching the target pressure.

[0071] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the refinement process of step S310, which includes, but is not limited to, step S311.

[0072] Step S311: Based on the order of distance between each airbag mechanism and the air source from farthest to closest, the pressurization is activated sequentially with a delay.

[0073] The inflation sequence is determined based on the position of each airbag mechanism on the air supply path. Prioritize opening the inflation valve of the airbag mechanism furthest from the air source, followed by sequentially opening the inflation valves of other airbag mechanisms in order of distance. In parallel air circuits, the farthest station experiences slower gas transmission and less pressure loss due to its longer air path and greater resistance. If the nearth station pressurizes first, it will preferentially draw air from the main pipe, causing a slight drop in the main pipe pressure and further delaying gas supply to the farthest station. When the farthest station is opened first, there is no air diversion from other stations in the main pipe, providing a rated and stable supply pressure to the farthest station. Gas is smoothly transmitted to the farthest station along the branch air paths, minimizing pressure loss along the path and allowing the airbags at the farthest station to pressurize normally at the preset rate, compensating for its transmission disadvantage from the source.

[0074] In some embodiments, the time interval of the delay is set based on at least one of the following parameters: the volume of the gas supply line, the airflow resistance, and the target pressurization rate.

[0075] The volume of the gas supply pipeline includes the volume of the main gas source pipe and the volume of the branch gas lines at each workstation. The larger the volume of the gas supply pipeline, the longer it takes for the gas line to complete gas replenishment and restore the pressure to the rated pressure, and a longer delay time interval needs to be set. The smaller the pipeline volume, the faster the gas replenishment speed and the shorter the pressure recovery time, and a shorter delay time interval can be set.

[0076] Airflow resistance is determined by the pipe diameter, pipe length, number of bends / joints, and inner wall roughness, and is a core structural parameter reflecting gas transmission loss in the gas path. Higher airflow resistance results in slower gas transmission speed and more significant pressure attenuation in the pipe. It also leads to a wider transmission range of pressure fluctuations during pressurization at the previous station, and a longer pressure recovery time, requiring a longer delay interval. Conversely, lower airflow resistance (e.g., larger pipe diameter, shorter pipe, fewer joints) results in smoother gas transmission, smaller pressure fluctuations, and faster recovery, allowing for a shorter delay interval.

[0077] The target pressurization rate is a process parameter set for the airbag pressurization process in the cell formation process, which determines the airbag's intake volume per unit time. The higher the target pressurization rate, the greater the airbag's intake volume per unit time, the faster the gas in the main pipe is consumed during the pressurization of the previous station, and the more obvious the pressure fluctuation. A longer delay time needs to be reserved for the gas source to replenish gas and restore pressure. The lower the target pressurization rate, the smaller the airbag's intake volume, the slighter the pressure fluctuation in the main pipe, and a shorter delay time can be set.

[0078] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the refinement process of step S310, which includes, but is not limited to, step S312.

[0079] Step S312: After each airbag mechanism completes its initial pressurization, based on the feedback signal from the pressure sensor installed on each airbag mechanism or each air supply branch, the intake valve or pressure regulating valve of the corresponding airbag mechanism is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each airbag mechanism reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

[0080] Each independent workstation or each group of workstations is equipped with an independent pressure sensor and a precision pressure regulating valve. The pressure sensor includes a miniature air pressure sensor, and the precision pressure regulating valve includes a proportional valve or a high-speed switching valve. The central controller sets the same target pressure value for each workstation. The airbag pressure at each workstation is monitored in real time by the corresponding independent pressure sensor and is quickly and accurately regulated in a closed loop through a dedicated pressure regulating valve, such as using PID control.

[0081] Through the above-mentioned independent closed-loop regulation, the steady-state pressure difference caused by factors such as the varying length of the gas supply pipeline and the difference in local airflow resistance can be eliminated. Even if there are minor leaks or differences in mechanical deformation in the system, they can be corrected through real-time feedback and dynamic compensation, thereby ensuring that all stations maintain the same set pressure during the pressurization and pressure holding stages, which significantly improves the consistency and stability of pressure control during the cell formation process.

[0082] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 15 As shown, Figure 15 yes Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the refinement process of step S310, which includes, but is not limited to, step S313.

[0083] Step S313: After each airbag mechanism completes the initial pressurization, based on the feedback signal of the zone pressure sensor of the pressure control zone, the zone pressure regulating valve of the corresponding pressure control zone is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each pressure control zone reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

[0084] All airbag mechanisms are divided into several "pressure control zones." Each zone contains multiple (at least two) airbag mechanisms, but they share the same pressure monitoring and regulation unit (i.e., a "zone pressure sensor" and a "zone pressure regulating valve"). During control, based on the feedback signal from the shared sensor in that zone, the shared pressure regulating valve in that zone is adjusted to ensure that the pressure of all airbags in that zone reaches and maintains the same target value. Each zone operates independently with closed-loop regulation. Within each zone, due to the shared air source and close proximity, the pressure consistency of each airbag is generally good under static conditions. This embodiment can achieve improved overall pressure consistency with a relatively small increase in cost.

[0085] Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, such as... Figure 16 As shown, Figure 16 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the refinement process of step S300, which includes, but is not limited to, steps S321, S322, S323, S324, and S325.

[0086] Step S321: Apply the same initial reference pressure to the airbag mechanism on the multiple layer assemblies.

[0087] At the start of the pressurization process, gas is uniformly and synchronously injected into the airbag mechanisms on all shelf assemblies, so that the internal pressure of each airbag reaches a preset, identical initial reference pressure value. This pressure value is an intermediate value lower than the final process target pressure, providing a uniform and stable reference condition for subsequent independent closed-loop pressure regulation or zoned pressure regulation.

[0088] Step S322: Obtain and record the displacement measurement value generated by each airbag mechanism after the initial reference pressure is applied.

[0089] By installing displacement sensors at each workstation, the minute positional changes of each airbag mechanism relative to a fixed reference (such as the equipment frame) are measured and recorded. This amount of change is the displacement measurement value.

[0090] After applying the same initial reference pressure to the airbag mechanisms on all the shelf assemblies, the actual displacement of each airbag mechanism under the action of the initial reference pressure is collected by the displacement detection device, and the collected displacement measurement values ​​of each airbag mechanism are stored in the controller in real time to form a displacement data set corresponding to each workstation.

[0091] The obtained displacement measurements are used to reflect the actual expansion state of the corresponding airbag mechanism, the structural deformation differences of the layer assembly, and the air pressure transmission characteristics. This provides data for subsequent independent and precise pressure compensation and adjustment of each airbag mechanism, thereby further eliminating pressure and displacement deviations caused by mechanical assembly errors, air resistance differences, and structural stiffness differences between different workstations.

[0092] Step S323: Determine a uniform target displacement based on all displacement measurements.

[0093] Based on obtaining and recording the displacement measurement values ​​of each airbag mechanism after applying the initial reference pressure in step S322, all displacement measurement data are comprehensively analyzed, calculated and calibrated to finally determine a unified target displacement amount. This target displacement amount is adapted to the airbag mechanisms on all layer plate assemblies and serves as the core displacement reference for subsequent pressure fine-tuning of each airbag mechanism.

[0094] Specifically, by taking the average or median value of all displacement measurements, or by combining the preset optimal expansion range of the airbag and the displacement range adapted to the battery cell, a unified target displacement can be screened and determined. This ensures that the target displacement can match the actual working conditions of most airbag mechanisms, while taking into account the displacement deviation caused by mechanical assembly errors and structural deformation differences. This provides a unified displacement standard for subsequent pressure adjustment to achieve a consistent expansion state for all airbag mechanisms and uniform pressurization, further ensuring the consistency of pressure on the battery cells at each workstation.

[0095] Step S324: For any target layer assembly whose displacement measurement value is not equal to the target displacement, generate a pressure compensation value for the airbag mechanism for the target layer assembly based on the deviation between its displacement measurement value and the target displacement.

[0096] After determining the unified target displacement in step S323, the displacement measurement value of the airbag mechanism corresponding to each layer assembly is compared with the unified target displacement value. Layer assemblies whose displacement measurement value is not equal to the target displacement value are selected as target layer assemblies.

[0097] For each target layer assembly, the displacement deviation value between the displacement measurement value of its airbag mechanism and the unified target displacement value is calculated (displacement deviation value = displacement measurement value - target displacement value, a positive deviation value indicates that the airbag is over-inflated, and a negative deviation value indicates that the airbag is under-inflated). Based on the preset displacement-pressure correlation model, airbag deformation characteristics and cell pressure adaptation requirements, the pressure compensation value of the airbag mechanism for the target layer assembly is accurately generated according to the displacement deviation value.

[0098] Step S325: Adjust the internal pressure of the airbag mechanism of the corresponding target layer assembly according to the pressure compensation value.

[0099] Based on the exclusive pressure compensation value generated for the airbag mechanism of each target layer assembly in step S324, the control system sends precise adjustment commands to the air intake valve and pressure regulating valve (or zone pressure regulating valve) matched to the airbag mechanism of the corresponding target layer assembly to perform targeted pressure adjustment operations.

[0100] Specifically, for target layer components requiring positive compensation (negative displacement deviation value, insufficient airbag inflation), the controller controls the corresponding pressure regulating valve to increase the air intake, raise the internal pressure of the airbag mechanism, and push the airbag to inflate further until its displacement reaches the unified target displacement. For target layer components requiring negative compensation (positive displacement deviation value, excessive airbag inflation), the controller controls the corresponding pressure regulating valve to reduce the air intake or appropriately depressurize, reduce the internal pressure of the airbag mechanism, and cause the airbag to contract until its displacement reaches the unified target displacement.

[0101] During the adjustment process, the displacement detection device and pressure sensor corresponding to each airbag mechanism provide real-time feedback data, forming a closed-loop control of "compensation value input → pressure adjustment → displacement / pressure feedback → fine-tuning calibration". This ensures that the pressure adjustment is accurate and in place, and ultimately makes the airbag mechanism of all layer plate components reach a uniform target displacement, thereby achieving uniform pressure on the surface of the battery cells at each station and providing a stable pressure environment for the subsequent battery cell formation process.

[0102] This invention also provides a battery formation and capacity testing device based on flexible airbag pressurization, which includes, in addition to the execution components required to perform the above-described battery formation and capacity testing method, a control system for performing the steps mentioned in any embodiment of the above-described battery formation and capacity testing method.

[0103] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery formation and capacity testing method based on flexible airbag pressurization, characterized in that, The battery formation and capacity testing method is applied to a battery formation and capacity testing device, which includes an airbag mechanism (210) and an aging plate (220) for mounting battery cells (500). The airbag mechanism (210) is used to apply pressure to the battery cells (500). Drive the aging board (220) to move to the predetermined position and keep it fixed; The airbag mechanism (210) is driven to approach the battery cell (500) on the aging plate (220), and the airbag mechanism (210) and the battery cell (500) maintain a preset distance; The airbag mechanism (210) is pressurized, causing the airbag mechanism (210) to expand and deform and attach to the surface of the battery cell (500), thus transmitting pressure to the battery cell (500); The battery cell (500) is subjected to a formation process; Depressurize the airbag mechanism (210).

2. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formation and capacity-enhancing device further includes a locking structure (340) for limiting relative displacement between the airbag mechanism (210) and the battery cell (500); the driving airbag mechanism (210) to approach the battery cell (500) on the aging plate (220) and maintain a preset distance between the airbag mechanism (210) and the battery cell (500) includes: When the distance between the airbag mechanism (210) and the battery cell (500) is a preset distance, the control locking structure (340) enters the locking state.

3. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: Control the locking structure (340) to enter the unlocked state; The drive airbag mechanism (210) is away from the battery cell (500) on the aging plate (220).

4. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery formation and capacity testing device includes a guide (100) and a plurality of layer assemblies (200), each layer assembly (200) being slidably connected to the guide (100). The plurality of layer assemblies (200) are arranged along the length direction of the guide (100). Each layer assembly (200) includes an airbag mechanism (210) and an aging plate (220), the airbag mechanism (210) and the aging plate (220) being arranged along the length direction of the guide (100). The airbag mechanism (210) is used to apply pressure to the cells (500) on adjacent layer assemblies (200). The battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: Each airbag mechanism (210) is controlled to open and pressurize asynchronously according to a preset timing sequence, so that there is a time difference when different airbag mechanisms (210) start pressurizing.

5. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control of each airbag mechanism (210) to asynchronously activate and inflate according to a preset timing includes: Based on the order of distance between each airbag mechanism (210) and the air source from farthest to closest, the pressurization is activated sequentially with a delay.

6. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The time interval of the delay is set based on at least one of the following parameters: the volume of the gas supply line, the airflow resistance, and the target pressurization rate.

7. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: After each airbag mechanism (210) completes initial pressurization, based on the feedback signal of the pressure sensor set in each airbag mechanism (210) or each air supply branch, the air intake valve or pressure regulating valve of the corresponding airbag mechanism (210) is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each airbag mechanism (210) reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

8. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plurality of airbag mechanisms (210) are divided into a plurality of pressure control zones, each pressure control zone containing at least two airbag mechanisms (210) and sharing a zone pressure sensor and a zone pressure regulating valve; the battery formation capacity testing method further includes: After each airbag mechanism (210) completes initial pressurization, based on the feedback signal of the zone pressure sensor of the pressure control zone, the zone pressure regulating valve of the corresponding pressure control zone is independently adjusted so that the pressure in each pressure control zone reaches and is maintained at the same target pressure value.

9. The battery formation and capacity testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery formation and capacity testing device includes a guide (100) and a plurality of layer assemblies (200), each layer assembly (200) being slidably connected to the guide (100). The guide (100) is arranged vertically, and the plurality of layer assemblies (200) are arranged along the length of the guide (100). Each layer assembly (200) includes an airbag mechanism (210) and an aging plate (220), which are arranged along the length of the guide (100). The airbag mechanism (210) is used to apply pressure to the cells (500) on adjacent layer assemblies (200). The battery formation and capacity testing method further includes: The same initial reference pressure is applied to the airbag mechanism (210) on multiple layer assemblies (200); Acquire and record the displacement measurements generated by each airbag mechanism (210) after the initial reference pressure is applied; Based on all displacement measurements, a unified target displacement is determined; For any target layer assembly (200) whose displacement measurement value is not equal to the target displacement, a pressure compensation value for the airbag mechanism (210) for the target layer assembly (200) is generated based on the deviation between its displacement measurement value and the target displacement. Adjust the internal pressure of the airbag mechanism (210) of the corresponding target layer assembly (200) according to the pressure compensation value.

10. A fractionation and dispensing device based on flexible airbag pressurization, characterized in that, include: Aging board (220) is used to install battery cells (500). An airbag mechanism (210) is used to apply pressure to the battery cell (500); A pressure supply system is connected to the airbag mechanism (210) via an air supply line. The control system is configured to perform the battery formation and capacity testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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