Discharge architecture, apparatus, and system for battery backup unit

Abstract

This application discloses a discharge architecture, device, and system for a battery backup unit, including: N+1 battery backup units and a control module; wherein: the N+1 battery backup units are connected in parallel; the control module is electrically connected to the N+1 battery backup units; the control module includes: a data acquisition interface circuit connected to each battery backup unit; a discharge capacity calculation circuit connected to the data acquisition interface circuit for generating discharge capacity parameters; a numbering allocation circuit connected to the discharge capacity calculation circuit, with its output connected to a number register; a backup configuration circuit connected to the number register for configuring the battery backup unit corresponding to the largest number as a backup power source; and a power supply control circuit connected to the backup configuration circuit, with its output connected to each battery backup unit for controlling the N battery backup units to supply power to an external load. Using this application can improve the power supply capability of the battery backup unit's discharge architecture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a discharge architecture, device and system for a battery backup unit. Background Technology

[0002] In uninterruptible power supply scenarios such as data centers and communication equipment, multiple battery backup units are often connected in parallel to provide backup power for the load.

[0003] Currently, the discharge architecture of Battery Backup Units (BBUs) mostly adopts a fixed primary and backup working mode. Under normal operating conditions, a designated BBU undertakes the discharge task, while the backup BBU is in a standby state for a long time. This results in the working BBU having a high number of charge and discharge cycles and a fast aging speed, while the backup BBU has a low utilization rate. The lifespan of the entire battery pack is uneven, and it is impossible to identify weak performance units and perform reasonable rotation, thus leading to a decrease in power supply capacity.

[0004] Therefore, improving the power supply capability of the battery backup unit's discharge architecture has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a discharge architecture, device, and system for a battery backup unit, which can improve the power supply capability of the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a discharge architecture for a battery backup unit, comprising: N+1 battery backup units and a control module, where N is a positive integer; wherein: The N+1 battery backup units are connected in parallel; the control module is electrically connected to each of the N+1 battery backup units. The control module includes: The data acquisition interface circuit is connected to the signal output terminal of each battery backup unit. The discharge capacity calculation circuit has its input end connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, and is used to generate discharge capacity parameters based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. The numbering and allocation circuit has its input end connected to the discharge capacity calculation circuit and its output end connected to a numbering register. The numbering register is used to store the number assigned to each battery backup unit, wherein the larger the discharge capacity parameter of the battery backup unit, the smaller the corresponding number. The backup configuration circuit, with its input terminal connected to the number register, is used to configure the battery backup unit corresponding to the largest number as a backup power source. The power supply control circuit has its input terminal connected to the backup configuration circuit and its output terminal connected to the enable terminal of each battery backup unit. It is used to control the N battery backup units other than the backup power supply to supply power to the external load.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first battery backup unit includes: a first battery pack and a first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the first battery backup unit is any one of the N+1 battery backup units; wherein: The first end of the first battery pack is connected to the third end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the first end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module is connected to the external load. When the external power supply to the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit is interrupted, the first battery pack supplies power to the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module transmits electrical energy to the external load. When the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit restores external power supply, the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module receives electrical energy and transmits the electrical energy to the first battery pack to charge the first battery pack.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first battery backup unit further includes a first battery management system; wherein: The first terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the third terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack. The first battery management system is used to collect first battery data of the first battery pack and generate management control signals based on the first battery data; the management control signals are used to control the first battery pack to perform corresponding battery management actions.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first battery management system also communicates with and / or is electrically connected to the control module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first battery backup unit further includes a first heat dissipation module; The first heat dissipation module is connected to the second end of the first battery management system; The first battery management system is further configured to receive a heat dissipation control signal from the control module and transmit the heat dissipation control signal to the first heat dissipation module to control the first heat dissipation module to dissipate heat from the first battery pack and / or the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first heat dissipation module includes at least one of the following: a fan, a radiator, a water-cooling unit, a thermoelectric cooler, and a heat pipe.

[0012] In some embodiments, the control module further includes: The fault identification circuit, with its input end connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, is used to generate fault identification results based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. An alarm circuit, with its input terminal connected to the fault identification circuit, is used to trigger an alarm based on the fault identification result.

[0013] In some embodiments, the control module includes at least one of the following: a processor, a microcontroller, a host computer, an embedded control unit, and a dedicated monitoring chip.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery backup unit discharge device, the battery backup unit discharge device including the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in the first aspect.

[0015] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery backup unit discharge system, the battery backup unit discharge system comprising: a battery backup unit discharge architecture as described in the first aspect, or a battery backup unit discharge device as described in the second aspect.

[0016] Implementing this application will have the following beneficial effects: As can be seen, the discharge architecture, device, and system of the battery backup unit described in this application collects the status of each BBU in real time through the control module, sorts and numbers them according to their discharge capacity, and prioritizes the selection of N BBUs with excellent status to provide power, ensuring that all BBUs with online power supply have strong discharge capacity, more stable output, and stronger load-carrying capacity; at the same time, it reserves a BBU with the largest number and relatively weaker performance as a backup, forming reliable redundancy and avoiding power outages caused by single-point failures. In this way, the power supply potential of healthy units can be fully utilized, weak-performance units can be prevented from dragging down the overall output, the workload of each BBU can be balanced, battery aging and degradation can be slowed down, thereby improving the power supply capacity of the battery backup unit's discharge architecture. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the background art will be described below.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge architecture of a battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another first battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another first battery backup unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection between a first battery pack and a first DC-DC module according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge architecture of another battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a control method for the discharge architecture of a battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0021] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. In the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one item" or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. "One or more" means one or more, while "multiple" means two or more. For example, "at least one item" of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0023] In this application, the term "connection" refers to various connection methods, such as direct connection or indirect connection, to achieve communication between devices. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0024] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0025] The electronic device described in the embodiments of this application may include a discharge architecture of a battery backup unit, or a control module for the discharge architecture of a battery backup unit.

[0026] The following describes the relevant content, concepts, meanings, technical issues, technical solutions, and beneficial effects involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] First, let me explain some of the technical terms or phrases used in this application: BBU: Battery Backup Unit, which provides backup DC power to the system and continues to supply power to external loads when the main power fails.

[0028] Battery Management System (BMS): An electronic control unit used to monitor parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack in real time, and to realize battery charging and discharging control, equalization management, and overheat and overcharge / over-discharge protection.

[0029] Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (DCDC Module): A DC-DC voltage conversion device that enables bidirectional energy transmission. It can boost the battery-side power output to the load bus and also step down the bus power to charge the battery.

[0030] State of Charge (SOC): This indicates the percentage of the battery pack's current remaining capacity compared to its full charge capacity, reflecting the battery's remaining charge level.

[0031] State of Health (SOH): Characterizes the ratio of the battery's current maximum usable capacity to its initial rated capacity, and is used to assess the battery's aging and health status.

[0032] In scenarios where power supply continuity is extremely important, such as data centers, communication base stations, and industrial control equipment, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems are a core component for ensuring stable equipment operation. Among these systems, the backup power supply unit (BBU) is widely used as a key carrier of backup power.

[0033] Parallel networking of multiple BBUs is currently the mainstream backup power supply configuration. Its core purpose is to improve the capacity, stability and redundancy of backup power supply through the collaborative work of multiple units, and to ensure that when the main power supply (e.g., mains power, main DC power) is interrupted, it can quickly switch to BBU discharge mode to continuously provide stable DC power supply to external loads, and avoid major losses such as equipment downtime and data loss caused by power outage.

[0034] Currently, BBU discharge architecture generally adopts a fixed primary and backup working mode. The core logic of this mode is: several BBUs are pre-set as primary units and one or more BBUs are set as backup units. Under normal power supply conditions, only the designated primary BBUs continuously undertake the discharge power supply task, while the backup BBUs are in a standby and hibernation state for a long time and do not participate in any power supply work. While this fixed primary / backup approach is simple in structure and convenient in control logic, it has several inherent drawbacks. Specifically, the primary BBU is constantly in a charge-discharge cycle, resulting in frequent charge-discharge cycles, which accelerates the aging of its internal battery pack and significantly shortens its lifespan. Meanwhile, the backup BBU is idle for extended periods, resulting in extremely low utilization and an inability to fully utilize its power supply potential. This leads to uneven battery lifespan across the entire BBU group, with some BBUs failing prematurely. Furthermore, this architecture lacks the ability to monitor and identify the actual performance status of each BBU in real time. It cannot distinguish the differences in discharge capacity among BBUs, nor can it perform reasonable rotation scheduling for weak-performance BBUs (e.g., severely aged units). After long-term operation, as the performance of the primary BBU degrades, the power supply capacity and load-carrying capacity of the entire discharge architecture will gradually decrease. In the event of a primary BBU failure, the backup BBU cannot intervene effectively and in a timely manner, further reducing the power supply capacity.

[0035] Therefore, this application provides a discharge architecture, device, and system for a battery backup unit, which can improve the power supply capability of the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit.

[0036] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge architecture of a battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; it can be seen that the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit includes: N+1 battery backup units (i.e., N+1 BBUs) and a control module, where N is a positive integer; the N+1 BBUs include: BBU1, ..., BBUN, BBUN+1; wherein: The N+1 battery backup units are connected in parallel; the control module is electrically connected to each of the N+1 battery backup units. In some embodiments, the N+1 battery backup units are connected via a common DC bus.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, N+1 BBUs are connected in parallel, meaning that the power input and power output terminals of each BBU are respectively connected to a common DC bus to form a parallel power supply structure. Each BBU can independently or collaboratively output power to an external load. The control module establishes an electrical connection with each BBU, which includes communication connections for transmitting control commands and status signals, as well as electrical connections for collecting status information such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH of the battery backup unit, enabling the control module to achieve unified monitoring and centralized control of all BBUs.

[0038] Thus, by using N+1 BBUs in parallel, on the one hand, the overall power supply capacity can be expanded, the system load capacity can be improved, and multi-unit coordinated power supply can be realized to ensure sufficient output power and stable voltage; on the other hand, the parallel structure makes each unit independent and redundant, and the failure of a single unit does not affect the overall power supply continuity, thereby improving the system reliability.

[0039] In addition, by electrically connecting the control module to each battery backup unit, unified data collection and centralized control of the status of all battery backup units can be achieved, ensuring comprehensive monitoring and synchronized control, and avoiding control blind spots. At the same time, it is convenient to uniformly schedule according to the discharge capacity of each unit, realize intelligent rotation and reasonable configuration, give full play to the power supply potential of each unit, balance the battery usage intensity, delay overall aging, and further improve the power supply capacity and operational stability of the entire discharge architecture.

[0040] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control module provided in an embodiment of this application; it can be seen that the control module includes: The data acquisition interface circuit is connected to the signal output terminal of each battery backup unit. Specifically, the data acquisition interface circuit is the core interface for the control module to obtain the status information of each BBU. It establishes a connection with the signal output terminal of each BBU, and its main function is to receive the real-time status signals output by each BBU. As a signal transmission bridge between the control module and each BBU, it can perform preliminary processing and transmission of various analog or digital signals collected, ensuring that subsequent circuits can obtain accurate and complete real-time monitoring data, providing basic data support for discharge capacity assessment and subsequent control logic, and avoiding control errors caused by incomplete or inaccurate data acquisition.

[0041] The discharge capability calculation circuit, with its input connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, generates discharge capability parameters based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. Specifically, the discharge capability calculation circuit receives real-time monitoring data from each BBU transmitted by the data acquisition interface circuit, quantifies and evaluates the discharge capability of each BBU, and ultimately generates corresponding discharge capability parameters. This circuit is the core of realizing "intelligent scheduling based on discharge capability." Its calculation results directly determine the priority of subsequent numbering allocation. By accurately quantifying the discharge capability of each BBU, it provides a scientific basis for subsequent numbering allocation and backup configuration, ensuring that units with strong discharge capabilities are prioritized and avoiding weak-performance units from dragging down the overall power supply efficiency.

[0042] The numbering allocation circuit has its input connected to the discharge capacity calculation circuit and its output connected to a number register. The number register stores the number assigned to each battery backup unit (BBU), where the larger the discharge capacity parameter, the smaller the corresponding number. Specifically, the numbering allocation circuit receives the discharge capacity parameters of each BBU from the discharge capacity calculation circuit and assigns a unique number to each BBU according to the preset rule that "the larger the discharge capacity parameter, the smaller the corresponding number," thus prioritizing the discharge capacity of each unit (the smaller the number, the stronger the discharge capacity, and the higher the priority). Then, the numbering allocation circuit can store the assigned number of each BBU in the number register for easy retrieval of number data later, avoiding errors in backup configuration due to lost or incorrect numbers, and also providing a queryable and retrievable numbering basis for subsequent rotation control.

[0043] The backup configuration circuit, with its input connected to the number register, is used to configure the battery backup unit corresponding to the highest number as a backup power source. Specifically, the backup configuration circuit can read the numbers of each BBU stored in the number register, and then configure the BBU with the highest number and the weakest corresponding discharge capacity as a backup power source. This backup configuration circuit is key to achieving "N+1 redundancy backup." By accurately identifying and configuring backup units, it avoids weak-performance units from participating in the main power supply and lowering the overall power supply capacity, while also forming a reliable redundancy backup. This ensures that when the main power supply unit fails, the backup unit can quickly intervene, guaranteeing power continuity.

[0044] The power supply control circuit, with its input connected to the backup configuration circuit and its output connected to the enable terminal of each battery backup unit, is used to control the N battery backup units (excluding the backup power supply) to supply power to the external load. Specifically, the power supply control circuit can receive backup power supply identification information (e.g., the backup power supply number) output by the backup configuration circuit, and then send control signals to each BBU: for the N BBUs (excluding the backup power supply), an enable signal is sent to control them to start and supply power to the external load; for the BBUs configured as backup power supplies, a disable or standby signal is sent to control them to be in standby mode and not participate in the current power supply. This circuit is the execution terminal for power supply control. By precisely controlling the start and stop states of each BBU, it ensures the stable operation of the main power supply unit and the reliable standby of the backup units, while realizing the orderly switching of power supply units and improving the stability and reliability of the overall power supply architecture.

[0045] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; it can be seen that the first battery backup unit (BBU1) includes: a first battery pack and a first bidirectional DC-DC converter module (first DCDC module); the first battery backup unit is any one of the N+1 battery backup units; wherein: The first end of the first battery pack is connected to the third end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the first end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module is connected to the external load. like Figure 3 As shown, the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module is connected to the external load through a common DC bus. Specifically, BUS+ (positive terminal of the common DC bus) and BUS- (negative terminal of the common DC bus) are led out from the first end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module to connect to the external load. It should be explained that the common DC bus is also used for parallel connection with other BBUs, connection to external power supply, etc., which are not limited here.

[0046] When the external power supply to the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit is interrupted, the first battery pack supplies power to the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module, which then transmits electrical energy to the external load. Specifically, when the external main power supply (e.g., AC mains power, upstream DC power) to the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit is interrupted, the first battery backup unit enters a discharge state to ensure the continuous operation of the external load: the first battery pack, as the energy storage body, outputs DC power, the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module receives the power from the first battery pack, performs voltage conversion (e.g., boost) according to the voltage requirements of the external load, and then transmits stable power to the external load through the common DC bus (BUS+, BUS-), providing uninterrupted DC power supply to the load and preventing the load equipment from shutting down due to power failure.

[0047] When the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit recovers external power, the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module receives electrical energy and transmits it to the first battery pack to charge it. Specifically, after the external main power supply of the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit returns to normal, the first battery backup unit enters a charging state to replenish the first battery pack, preparing for the next power outage: the restored external power supply inputs electrical energy to the first battery backup unit through the common DC bus. The first bidirectional DC-DC converter module receives external electrical energy from the bus, performs adaptation conversion (e.g., step-down), and transmits the electrical energy to the first battery pack, achieving rapid and safe charging of the first battery pack, restoring and storing sufficient energy for discharging again when the external power supply is interrupted.

[0048] Thus, bidirectional energy transfer between the battery pack and the load is achieved through the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module: when external power is lost, the battery pack is boosted by the DC-DC module to supply power to the load, ensuring uninterrupted operation; when power is restored, the DC-DC module is stepped down to charge the battery pack, achieving energy storage and replenishment. The DC-DC module has both electrical isolation and voltage regulation functions, suppresses parallel circulating current, stabilizes bus output, simplifies hardware structure, adapts to N+1 parallel architecture, and improves the reliability, stability, and service life of the system power supply.

[0049] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another first battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application; it can be seen that, in addition to including a first battery pack and a first bidirectional DC-DC converter module (first DCDC module), the first battery backup unit (BBU1) also includes a first battery management system (first BMS); wherein: The first terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the third terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack. The first battery management system is used to collect first battery data of the first battery pack and generate management control signals based on the first battery data; the management control signals are used to control the first battery pack to perform corresponding battery management actions.

[0050] Specifically, the first BMS collects various status data (i.e., first battery data) of the first battery pack in real time through a communication / electrical connection, including but not limited to: the total voltage of the battery pack, the voltage of individual cells, the charging and discharging current, temperature, SOC, SOH, fault alarm information, etc., which are not limited here; based on the collected first battery data, the first BMS analyzes and judges it through internal algorithms to generate corresponding management and control signals, such as: When the battery pack is detected to be over-temperature / over-voltage / over-current, the generated management control signal can be a protection control signal; When cell voltage imbalance is detected, the generated management control signal can be an equalization control signal; When it is necessary to adjust the charging and discharging power, the generated management control signal can be a DC-DC collaborative control signal, and this signal is sent to the first DC-DC module to realize the collaborative management and control of the DC-DC output power.

[0051] The first BMS sends the generated management control signals to the first battery pack, controlling the first battery pack to perform corresponding management actions, such as: Charge and discharge protection: overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and overheat protection to prevent damage to the battery pack; Cell balancing: Adjusting the voltage of individual cells to ensure battery pack consistency and extend service life; State calibration: Corrects SOC / SOH calculation errors and improves battery state monitoring accuracy; Fault Alarm: Triggers a fault signal and reports it to the control module to achieve system-level fault early warning.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first battery management system also communicates with and / or is electrically connected to the control module.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first BMS can provide safety protection for the battery pack. The first BMS collects first battery data from the first battery pack, which includes at least one of the following: total battery pack voltage, individual cell voltage, charging / discharging current, and temperature. Based on the collected first battery data, the first BMS generates at least one management control signal for overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, overcurrent protection, and overheat protection, and controls the first battery pack to perform corresponding protection actions. For example, when the voltage of an individual cell is detected to exceed the overcharge threshold, an overcharge protection signal is generated to cut off the charging circuit of the first battery pack; when the temperature of the battery pack is detected to exceed the overheat threshold, an overheat protection signal is generated to limit the charging and discharging power of the first battery pack and ensure the safe operation of the first battery pack.

[0054] In this way, by directly connecting the first battery pack and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module through the first battery management system, the first battery management system can not only protect the battery pack and delay aging, but also work together with the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module to optimize the charging and discharging process, stabilize power output, and provide accurate status data for upper-level scheduling, thereby improving the reliability and power supply capacity of the overall discharge architecture.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first BMS can perform battery balancing management on the battery pack. The first BMS collects first battery data of the first battery pack, including the voltage and temperature of each individual cell. The first BMS generates a cell balancing management control signal based on the collected individual cell voltage data, and controls the first battery pack to perform cell balancing actions. For example, by actively or passively balancing, the discharge amount of individual cells with high voltage is adjusted to make the voltage of each individual cell more consistent, thereby improving the capacity utilization and consistency of the first battery pack, delaying battery aging, and extending service life. At the same time, a thermal balancing control signal can be generated in combination with temperature data to optimize the temperature distribution of the battery pack.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first BMS performs state monitoring and collaborative control. The first BMS collects first battery data from the first battery pack, which includes at least one of SOC, SOH, voltage, current, temperature, and fault status. The first BMS generates multi-dimensional management and control signals based on the collected first battery data. On the one hand, it controls the first battery pack to perform management actions such as state calibration, fault alarm, and charging / discharging power limitation. For example, it corrects the battery remaining capacity calculation error based on SOC data and evaluates the battery health status based on SOH data and generates an aging warning signal. On the other hand, it synchronizes the first battery data and management and control signals to the first DC-DC module and the control module, collaboratively controls the output power of the first DC-DC module, and provides data support for the discharge capacity calculation and scheduling of the control module. This enables collaborative management of the battery pack, DC-DC module, and control module, adapting to the full-scenario requirements of the N+1 parallel discharge architecture.

[0057] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another first battery backup unit provided in the embodiments of this application; it can be seen that, in addition to including a first battery pack, a first bidirectional DC-DC converter module (first DCDC module), and a first battery management system (first BMS), the first battery backup unit (BBU1) also includes a first heat dissipation module; The first heat dissipation module is connected to the second end of the first battery management system; The first battery management system is further configured to receive a heat dissipation control signal from the control module and transmit the heat dissipation control signal to the first heat dissipation module to control the first heat dissipation module to dissipate heat from the first battery pack and / or the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module.

[0058] Specifically, in addition to its own functions such as battery data acquisition and battery pack management, the first battery management system also has signal relay and heat dissipation control functions. The heat dissipation control signal issued by the control module is first sent to the first battery management system, and then forwarded to the first heat dissipation module, thereby driving the first heat dissipation module to work and dissipate heat to one or both of the components of the first battery pack and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module, so as to avoid performance impact or damage to the devices due to excessive temperature.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first battery management system can collect temperature data of the first battery pack and temperature data of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module. When the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, it generates a heat dissipation control signal and sends it to the first heat dissipation module to control the first heat dissipation module to start heat dissipation, reduce the operating temperature of the first battery pack and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and ensure stable system operation.

[0060] In some embodiments, when the control module detects that the temperature of the first battery pack is too high and there is a risk of overheating, it generates a corresponding heat dissipation control signal and sends it to the first battery management system. The first battery management system forwards the heat dissipation control signal to the first heat dissipation module, controls the first heat dissipation module to start working, and dissipates heat to cool the first battery pack to prevent the first battery pack from being affected by excessive temperature or damaged.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first heat dissipation module includes at least one of the following: a fan, a radiator, a water-cooling unit, a thermoelectric cooler, and a heat pipe. This application does not limit the scope of the invention. Any device capable of dissipating heat and cooling the battery backup unit and maintaining its operating temperature is included in the above scope.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first heat dissipation module can be a fan. Using a fan as a heat dissipation component is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient in installation and maintenance, and can quickly form air convection to remove the heat generated by the first battery pack and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module during operation, thus meeting the heat dissipation requirements under normal operating conditions. At the same time, it has low power consumption and high reliability, making it suitable for the long-term stable operation of the battery backup unit.

[0063] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between a first battery pack and a first DC-DC module provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be seen that the first battery pack is electrically connected to the first DC-DC module through two DC lines, BAT+ and BAT-. The first battery pack is an energy storage unit used to store electrical energy. The first DC-DC module is a bidirectional DC-DC converter used to realize bidirectional conversion of electrical energy between the battery pack and the external bus. BAT+ and BAT- are the power transmission channels between the two, forming a complete DC circuit to ensure the realization of the BBU charging and discharging function.

[0064] BAT+ represents the positive electrode circuit of the battery, and BAT- represents the negative electrode circuit of the battery.

[0065] In some embodiments, the control module further includes: The fault identification circuit, with its input terminal connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, is used to generate fault identification results based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. Specifically, the fault identification circuit can receive real-time monitoring data acquired by the data acquisition interface circuit. This real-time monitoring data may include data such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH of each battery backup unit, which are not limited here. The fault identification circuit analyzes the real-time monitoring data to determine whether faults such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating, or cell abnormalities have occurred, and generates corresponding fault identification results. If no fault is determined to have occurred, the fault identification circuit generates a no-fault identification result, and the alarm circuit does not activate the alarm.

[0066] An alarm circuit, with its input terminal connected to the fault identification circuit, is used to issue an alarm based on the fault identification result. Specifically, when a fault is detected, the alarm circuit issues audible and visual alarms, signal alarms, and other prompts based on the fault identification result, so as to promptly detect and handle abnormalities and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0067] In some embodiments, the fault identification circuit acquires real-time monitoring data through the data acquisition interface circuit, analyzes and determines that the first battery pack has an overheating fault, and generates a corresponding overheating fault identification result; after receiving the overheating fault identification result, the alarm circuit immediately activates the audible and visual alarm, emits an alarm sound through the buzzer and illuminates the alarm indicator light at the same time, so as to remind the staff to deal with the fault in time and ensure the safety of the equipment.

[0068] In some embodiments, the control module includes at least one of the following: a processor, a microcontroller, a host computer, an embedded control unit, and a dedicated monitoring chip; this application does not limit the scope of the invention. Any device capable of data processing, logical judgment, and control and management of the battery backup unit is included in the above scope.

[0069] In some embodiments, the control module can be a microcontroller. Microcontrollers have high integration, small size, low power consumption, fast computing speed and moderate cost. They can quickly complete logic processing and have the characteristics of stability, reliability and strong anti-interference ability. They are very suitable for embedded real-time control scenarios such as battery backup units, and can ensure the stable and efficient operation of the entire discharge architecture.

[0070] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the discharge architecture of another battery backup unit provided in this application embodiment; it can be seen that the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit includes: N+1 BBUs and a control module; each BBU includes a battery pack, a DC-DC module, a BMS and a heat dissipation module; the output terminals of the DC-DC modules of all BBUs are connected in parallel to the common DC bus (BUS+ / BUS-) to supply power to the external load; the control module is connected to all BBUs to realize the status monitoring, intelligent scheduling, fault protection and redundancy management of the entire device, and ensure uninterrupted and highly reliable power supply to the load.

[0071] like Figure 7 As shown, BBU1 includes: a first battery pack, a first DC-DC module, a first BMS, and a first heat dissipation module; BBUN+1 includes: the N+1th battery pack, the N+1th DC-DC module, the N+1th BMS, and the N+1th heat dissipation module, and so on for the other BBUs, which will not be described in detail here.

[0072] This application also provides a battery backup unit discharge device, which includes the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in the above embodiments.

[0073] This application also provides a battery backup unit discharge system, which includes: a battery backup unit discharge architecture as described in the above embodiments, or a battery backup unit discharge device as described in the above embodiments.

[0074] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a control method for a discharge architecture of a battery backup unit provided in an embodiment of this application. Applied to the control module in the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit described in the above embodiment, the method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the dataset of each battery backup unit in the N+1 battery backup units according to a preset cycle, and obtain N+1 datasets; S2. Determine N+1 discharge capability parameters based on the N+1 datasets; S3. Number the N+1 battery backup units according to the N+1 discharge capacity parameters to obtain N+1 numbers; S4. According to the preset discharge strategy and the N+1 numbers, control N battery backup units among the N+1 battery backup units to discharge, and use the remaining 1 battery backup unit as a backup power source.

[0075] In this embodiment, both the preset period and the preset discharge strategy can be preset in advance or defaulted.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the data set of each of the N+1 battery backup units is acquired according to a preset period, resulting in N+1 data sets. Specifically, the control module can issue acquisition instructions to the BMS of the N+1 BBUs according to a preset period (e.g., once a month). Each BMS synchronously collects the status data of the battery pack, DC-DC module, heat dissipation module, etc. of its own BBU, generates a single BBU data set, and uploads it to the control module. The control module summarizes the data sets of all BBUs to obtain N+1 data sets, providing data support for system scheduling and fault monitoring.

[0077] Next, N+1 discharge capability parameters can be determined based on the N+1 datasets. Specifically, each dataset can include a State of Charge (SOC) and a State of Hypothesis (SOH). The N+1 datasets are processed using a preset evaluation method to obtain the N+1 discharge capability parameters. This preset evaluation method can be: multiplying each SOC and its corresponding SOH in the N+1 datasets to obtain N+1 values, and using these N+1 values ​​as the N+1 discharge capability parameters. The larger the value of the discharge capability parameter, the stronger the discharge capability of the BBU.

[0078] In some embodiments, if N=2, that is, using 2 main power supply units + 1 backup unit, there are a total of N+1=3 BBUs. The data acquisition interface circuit collects the status data of each of the 3 BBUs in real time to obtain real-time monitoring data. Each BBU corresponds to 1 SOC and 1 SOH. For example, the real-time monitoring data can be: SOC=80% and SOH=90% for BBU1; SOC=75% and SOH=88% for BBU2; and SOC=60% and SOH=85% for BBU3. The real-time monitoring data is then transmitted to the discharge capability calculation circuit. The discharge capability calculation circuit evaluates the discharge capability of each BBU according to a preset evaluation method, multiplying the SOC of each BBU by the corresponding SOH to obtain 3 discharge capability parameters, as follows: The discharge capability parameter of BBU1 is: 80% × 90% = 72; BBU2 discharge capability parameters: 75% × 88% = 66; The discharge capability parameter of BBU3 is 60% × 85% = 51.

[0079] Then, the N+1 battery backup units are numbered according to the N+1 discharge capability parameters, resulting in N+1 numbers. Specifically, the N+1 discharge capability parameters can be arranged in descending order from largest to smallest, and numbered as BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n. Finally, according to the preset discharge strategy and the N+1 numbers, N battery backup units among the N+1 battery backup units can be controlled to discharge, and one battery backup unit other than the N battery backup units can be used as a backup power source. Specifically, the battery backup unit corresponding to the largest number among the N+1 numbers can be configured as a backup power source first, and then, according to the preset discharge strategy and the N+1 numbers, the N battery backup units among the N+1 battery backup units can be controlled to discharge.

[0080] The preset discharge strategy can be a continuous discharge strategy. Every preset cycle, the dataset for each battery backup unit is reacquired, resulting in N+1 new datasets. The discharge capacity parameters for each battery backup unit are then calculated based on these new N+1 datasets, resulting in N+1 new discharge capacity parameters. Based on these new N+1 discharge capacity parameters, the N+1 battery backup units are reordered and numbered in descending order. When the backup BBU (backup power supply) from the previous cycle needs to intervene in the discharge, the working BBU with the weakest current discharge capacity is prioritized to exit the discharge process. Simultaneously, the working BBU with the weakest current discharge capacity is designated as the new backup power supply, and the backup BBU from the previous cycle takes over the discharge, ensuring that the system always relies on the battery backup units with the strongest discharge capacity to undertake the primary discharge task.

[0081] In this way, by continuously executing the above data update, parameter calculation, sorting and rotation logic in a preset cycle, dynamic balanced discharge of the battery backup unit is achieved, extending the overall battery system life and improving power supply reliability.

[0082] In some embodiments, each dataset may include multiple SOCs, multiple SOHs, and multiple acquisition times, with each acquisition time corresponding to one SOC and one SOH. Determining N+1 discharge capability parameters based on the N+1 datasets may include the following steps: Obtain a first dataset; the first dataset includes: multiple first SOCs, multiple first SOHs, and multiple first acquisition times; the first dataset is any one of the N+1 datasets; A first curve is obtained by fitting the plurality of first SOCs and the plurality of first acquisition times; the horizontal axis of the first curve is time, and the vertical axis is SOC. A second curve is obtained by fitting the multiple first SOHs and the multiple first acquisition times; the horizontal axis of the first curve is time, and the vertical axis is SOH. Determine the first weight corresponding to the first curve and the second weight corresponding to the second curve; the sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1; Based on the first weight and the second weight, the first curve and the second curve are merged to obtain the third curve; Based on the current time and the third curve, determine the discharge capability parameters corresponding to the first dataset.

[0083] In this embodiment, a first dataset can be obtained first; then, a first curve can be obtained by fitting multiple first SOCs and multiple first acquisition times. Specifically, multiple first SOCs can be combined with the corresponding first acquisition times among multiple first acquisition times to obtain multiple first coordinate points. Then, a preset fitting method can be used to fit these multiple first coordinate points to obtain the first curve. Similarly, a second curve can be obtained by fitting multiple first SOCs and multiple first acquisition times.

[0084] The preset fitting method may include at least one of the following: polynomial fitting, least squares method, linear regression, etc., without limitation.

[0085] Furthermore, the first weight corresponding to the first curve and the second weight corresponding to the second curve can be determined. Specifically, a pre-stored mapping relationship between the index type and the weight can be used to determine the first weight corresponding to the SOC index type (that is, the first weight corresponding to the first curve) and the second weight corresponding to the SOH index type (that is, the first weight corresponding to the second curve).

[0086] In some embodiments, the first weight corresponding to the SOC indicator type can be 0.6; the second weight corresponding to the SOH indicator type can be 0.4.

[0087] Then, the first curve and the second curve can be merged according to the first weight and the second weight to obtain the third curve. Specifically, the first curve can be multiplied by the first weight to obtain the fourth curve, and then the second curve can be multiplied by the second weight to obtain the fifth curve. Then, the fourth curve and the fifth curve can be multiplied to obtain the third curve. This is because the multiplication method can reflect the coupling constraint relationship between SOC and SOH, which is closer to the change law of the actual usable discharge capacity of the battery, and the identification accuracy of the battery state is higher, but the corresponding calculation complexity is also higher.

[0088] In some embodiments, if the control module has limited computing resources, the fourth curve and the fifth curve can be added together to obtain the third curve. This is because addition is simple, time-consuming, and consumes very little computing power. It does not require complex calculations and calibrations and is suitable for BBU control scenarios with limited computing power and cost sensitivity.

[0089] Finally, based on the current time and the third curve, the discharge capacity parameters corresponding to the first dataset can be determined. Specifically, the curve equation corresponding to the third curve can be obtained, and the current time can be substituted into the curve equation to solve for the ordinate value at the current time, which is the discharge capacity parameter corresponding to the first dataset.

[0090] Thus, by fitting curves of SOC and SOH collected at multiple times, instantaneous data fluctuations and outliers can be eliminated, accurately reflecting the trend of battery state changes. By weighted fusion of SOC and SOH curves, the impact of remaining charge and health status on discharge capacity can be comprehensively reflected. By combining the current time and determining the discharge capacity parameters from the fused curves, dynamic, continuous, and accurate evaluation can be achieved, improving the reliability and rationality of BBU discharge scheduling and extending the overall service life of the battery system.

[0091] In some embodiments, the N+1 BBUs can be numbered as: BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n, with BBUs as spares; the cyclic discharge process of the N+1 BBUs is as follows: Step 1: Control BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n to continuously discharge for 10 seconds. The BBU standby will not participate in the discharge (it is in hot backup state).

[0092] Step 2: Control BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n-1, and BBU standby to continuously discharge for 10 seconds, then BBUDIS_n exits the discharge.

[0093] Step 3: Control BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n-2, BBUDIS_n, and BBU to continuously discharge for 10 seconds, and then BBUDIS_n-1 will stop discharging.

[0094] Step 4: Control BBUDIS_1, BBUDIS_2, ..., BBUDIS_n-3, BBUDIS_n-1, BBUDIS_n, and BBU to continuously discharge for 10 seconds, and BBUDIS_n-2 to exit the discharge.

[0095] ... (and so on) Step n: Rotate sequentially according to the above rotation strategy until all N working BBUs and standby BBUs have completed their rotation, forming an overall cyclic scheduling.

[0096] During the cyclic discharge process, the control module monitors the status data of each BBU in real time. If a BBU fails or its discharge capability parameter decays below a preset threshold, the control module immediately executes a switching strategy to remove the faulty / weak BBU from the discharge loop, and a subsequent BBU or a backup BBU quickly takes over to ensure uninterrupted power supply.

[0097] In some embodiments, in the conventional discharge method of the BBU, the backup BBU only serves as a hot backup and does not participate in the actual discharge. The method described in this application, however, involves the backup BBU in the discharge process, which has the advantage of effectively extending the overall backup power duration of the system, theoretically extending the backup power time by approximately 1 / N.

[0098] Taking the 4+1 redundancy architecture as an example: the conventional discharge method only has 4 BBUs to bear the load, and the longest continuous discharge time is 240s; after adopting this method, 5 BBUs jointly carry the load for discharge, which can significantly reduce the discharge current and power pressure of a single BBU, and increase the continuous discharge time of the system to about 300s, thereby effectively extending the backup power duration and improving the power supply guarantee capability.

[0099] In summary, this method achieves real-time monitoring of the status of each battery backup unit by collecting data from each backup unit at a preset cycle and calculating discharge capacity parameters. By uniformly numbering the units based on their discharge capacity, and then selecting N units for discharge and one unit for standby according to these numbers, it ensures that the backup unit with the stronger discharge capacity and better condition always undertakes the discharge task, avoiding the rapid performance degradation or increased failure risk caused by the weaker unit being under long-term load. Simultaneously, periodically updating the data and numbers enables dynamic rotation and balanced use of battery units, effectively improving the consistency and lifespan of the overall battery system, ensuring stable and reliable power output, and enhancing the safety and continuous power supply capability of the N+1 redundant discharge architecture.

[0100] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data interchange, which causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments, wherein the computer includes an electronic device.

[0101] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments. The computer program product may be a software installation package, and the computer may include an electronic device.

[0102] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0103] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0104] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0106] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, portable hard disk, read-only optical disk (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Furthermore, the ASIC can reside in a terminal device or management device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the terminal device or management device.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in one or more of the examples above, the functions described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated.

[0108] The aforementioned computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media.

[0109] The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0110] The modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The implementation is achieved through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into terminal equipment, each of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within the terminal equipment. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the terminal equipment, while the remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0111] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A discharge architecture for a battery backup unit, characterized in that, include: N+1 battery backup units and control modules, where N is a positive integer; where: The N+1 battery backup units are connected in parallel; the control module is electrically connected to each of the N+1 battery backup units. The control module includes: The data acquisition interface circuit is connected to the signal output terminal of each battery backup unit. The discharge capacity calculation circuit has its input terminal connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, and is used to generate discharge capacity parameters based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. The numbering and allocation circuit has its input end connected to the discharge capacity calculation circuit and its output end connected to a numbering register. The numbering register is used to store the number assigned to each battery backup unit, wherein the larger the discharge capacity parameter of the battery backup unit, the smaller the corresponding number. The backup configuration circuit, with its input terminal connected to the number register, is used to configure the battery backup unit corresponding to the largest number as a backup power source. The power supply control circuit has its input terminal connected to the backup configuration circuit and its output terminal connected to the enable terminal of each battery backup unit. It is used to control the N battery backup units other than the backup power supply to supply power to the external load.

2. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery backup unit includes: a first battery pack and a first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the first battery backup unit is any one of the N+1 battery backup units; wherein: The first end of the first battery pack is connected to the third end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the first end of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module is connected to the external load. When the external power supply to the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit is interrupted, the first battery pack supplies power to the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module transmits electrical energy to the external load. When the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit restores external power supply, the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module receives electrical energy and transmits the electrical energy to the first battery pack to charge the first battery pack.

3. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first battery backup unit further includes a first battery management system; wherein: The first terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module; the third terminal of the first battery management system is connected to the second terminal of the first battery pack. The first battery management system is used to collect first battery data of the first battery pack and generate management control signals based on the first battery data; the management control signals are used to control the first battery pack to perform corresponding battery management actions.

4. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first battery management system also communicates with and / or is electrically connected to the control module.

5. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The first battery backup unit also includes a first heat dissipation module; The first heat dissipation module is connected to the second end of the first battery management system; The first battery management system is further configured to receive a heat dissipation control signal from the control module and transmit the heat dissipation control signal to the first heat dissipation module to control the first heat dissipation module to dissipate heat from the first battery pack and / or the first bidirectional DC-DC converter module.

6. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The N+1 battery backup units are connected via a common DC bus.

7. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The control module also includes: The fault identification circuit, with its input end connected to the data acquisition interface circuit, is used to generate fault identification results based on the acquired real-time monitoring data. An alarm circuit, with its input terminal connected to the fault identification circuit, is used to trigger an alarm based on the fault identification result.

8. The discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The control module includes at least one of the following: processor, microcontroller, host computer, embedded control unit, and dedicated monitoring chip.

9. A battery backup unit discharge device, characterized in that, The battery backup unit discharge device includes the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A battery backup unit discharge system, characterized in that, The battery backup unit discharge system includes: the discharge architecture of the battery backup unit as described in any one of claims 1-8, or the battery backup unit discharge device as described in claim 9.

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