A high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier

Abstract

The present application relates to hydrogen purification technical field, a kind of high-efficiency stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier, comprising: shell assembly, shell assembly is made of shell, heat preservation layer and inner container, and heat preservation layer is filled in the gap between shell and inner container, the middle of one end of inner container is fixed with the original gas inlet pipe extending out of shell, and the one end of original gas inlet pipe is fixedly installed with inlet valve;Feed pretreatment component, feed pretreatment component is set in the one end of inner container close to original gas inlet pipe, and its top extends to the top side of shell;End cap, end cap is fixedly installed in the one end of shell away from original gas inlet pipe, and the middle of end cap is fixed with hydrogen outlet pipe.The present application realizes the multistage depth purification of hydrogen, greatly improves the recovery rate and purity of hydrogen after purification, simultaneously, high-efficiency breaks the laminar boundary layer formed by raw material gas on the surface of palladium tube body, reduces the resistance of hydrogen molecules from raw material gas main body to spread to the surface of palladium tube, and realizes the double energy saving of tail gas waste heat recovery and tail gas kinetic energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen purification technology, and in particular to a highly efficient and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a clean and efficient new energy carrier, has wide applications in fuel cells, semiconductor manufacturing, and fine chemicals. These fields require extremely high hydrogen purity, making hydrogen purification technology crucial for ensuring the high-quality development of these industries. Commonly used industrial hydrogen purification methods include palladium membrane diffusion, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and cryogenic distillation. Among these, palladium membrane diffusion, with its high separation efficiency, high product purity, and ease of operation, has become the preferred technology for deep hydrogen purification. Palladium and palladium alloys possess unique hydrogen selective permeation characteristics. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen molecules can be adsorbed and dissociated into hydrogen atoms on the palladium membrane surface. These hydrogen atoms then recombine into hydrogen molecules after passing through the palladium membrane, while other impurity gases (such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide) cannot permeate, thus achieving hydrogen purification.

[0003] Currently, most existing palladium tube hydrogen purifiers use single or multiple parallel palladium tubes as the core separation element. The two ends of the palladium tubes are fixed to sealing flanges. The raw gas enters from the outside of the palladium tube, and the purified hydrogen is exited from the inside, or vice versa. However, this structure has the following core defects that limit its efficiency and stability: the flow of the raw gas on the palladium tube surface is mostly laminar, with a thick boundary layer. The resistance to hydrogen molecules diffusing from the bulk of the raw gas to the palladium tube surface is significant. Furthermore, the contact between the raw gas and the palladium tube surface is uneven in existing structures, resulting in insufficient permeation efficiency of the palladium membrane and low purification efficiency. Simultaneously, existing hydrogen purification equipment generally suffers from a core technical pain point: it only uses a single purification process, meaning that after pretreatment, the raw gas only flows through the palladium tube assembly once to complete hydrogen permeation and separation. This fails to achieve multi-stage deep purification of hydrogen, leading to incomplete purification and making it difficult to meet the high-purity hydrogen requirements of high-end applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a highly efficient and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a highly efficient and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier, comprising: The shell assembly consists of an outer shell, an insulation layer, and an inner liner. The insulation layer fills the gap between the outer shell and the inner liner. An original air inlet pipe extending out of the outer shell is fixed at the middle of one end of the inner liner, and an air inlet valve is fixedly installed at one end of the original air inlet pipe. The feed pretreatment component is located at one end of the inner liner near the original air inlet pipe, and its top extends to one side of the top of the outer shell. End cap, the end cap is fixedly installed at the end of the outer shell away from the original gas inlet pipe, and a hydrogen outlet pipe is fixed in the middle of the end cap. A gas outlet valve is fixedly installed at one end of the hydrogen outlet pipe. A fixed plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end cap near the middle. A tail gas outlet tube extending into the end cap is fixed in the middle of the other end of the inner liner. The purification component is located between the feed pretreatment component and the hydrogen outlet pipe, and includes at least three purification units. The purification units are connected in series. At least three equally spaced partitions are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner liner, and the purification units are separated by the partitions. The purification component has multiple palladium tube assemblies inside, and the multiple palladium tube assemblies are arranged in a ring array. The palladium tube assemblies are multi-layer composite structures. The heating unit is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner tank and located around the purification components. The heating unit is a high-temperature resistant electric heating wire. A heat recovery assembly is installed between the inside of the exhaust gas outlet stack and the outside of the raw gas inlet pipe. The rotating component is located in the gap between the housing and the fixed plate, and is used to drive the palladium tube assembly to rotate and to perform exhaust work.

[0005] The present invention is further configured such that the feed pretreatment component includes a slot opened at one end of the top of the shell component, and a treatment tank is sealed and inserted into the inner wall of the slot. The top of the treatment tank is fixedly connected to the top of the shell by bolts. The bottom of the treatment tank is attached to the inner wall of the inner liner. The end of the treatment tank near the purification component is attached to one side of one of the partitions. The inner wall of the end of the treatment tank away from the original gas inlet pipe is provided with equidistant annularly distributed air guide holes. A cone and a mesh frame are fixedly installed in sequence on the inner wall of the treatment tank. The cone is provided with equidistantly distributed fan-shaped grooves. Porous ceramic filter membranes are fixedly installed on the inner wall of each fan-shaped groove. A replacement port is provided on the mesh frame, and a replacement cover is provided on the replacement port. The inside of the mesh frame is filled with modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent.

[0006] The invention is further configured such that first mounting holes are provided at equal intervals in a ring on the partition plate, the end of the housing assembly near the end cap, and the fixed plate. The palladium tube assembly includes a palladium tube body, an elastic support, an outer protective tube, and a spiral turbulence protrusion from the inside out. The outer protective tube is rotatably connected to the first mounting hole through a sealed bearing. One end of the outer protective tube is connected to the inside of the end cap and the hydrogen outlet pipe. Multiple rows of equidistant vent holes are provided on the outer protective tube. Two staggered partition plates are fixed with equally spaced annularly distributed gas distribution tubes. One end of one row of gas distribution tubes is connected to the gas guide hole. The position of the gas distribution tubes corresponds to the position of the palladium tube body. Each gas distribution tube has a row of equally spaced first gas distribution holes facing the outer protective tube. A gas distribution thick tube is fixed at the center of the partition plate in the middle. Multiple rows of equally spaced second gas distribution holes facing the outer protective tube are provided on the gas distribution thick tube. The positions of the second gas distribution holes and the first gas distribution holes correspond to the positions of the vent holes.

[0007] The invention is further configured such that the spiral turbulence protrusion is fixedly installed on the surface of the outer protective tube, the elastic support is an arc-shaped memory metal frame, and the elastic support is fixedly installed in multiple rows at equal intervals in the gap between the palladium tube body and the outer protective tube, and flexible sealing gaskets are fixedly installed on both sides of the gap between the palladium tube body and the outer protective tube.

[0008] The present invention is further configured such that the outer wall of the palladium tube body is coated with a nanoporous coating and a palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh.

[0009] The invention is further configured such that the heat recovery assembly includes a second mounting hole opened at one end of the exhaust gas outlet and the center of the fixed plate, and a mounting bracket is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of both the exhaust gas outlet and the hydrogen outlet pipe. The inner wall of the mounting bracket and the inner wall of the second mounting hole are rotatably connected to a drive shaft through a sealed bearing. A first exhaust fan blade located inside the exhaust gas outlet is fixedly installed at one end of the drive shaft. A concentrator sleeve fitted on the outer wall of the original gas inlet pipe is fixedly installed at one end of the housing assembly, and a spiral guide vane is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the concentrator. An exhaust gas pipe that penetrates the housing assembly at equal distances is fixed between one end of the concentrator and the exhaust gas outlet, and there is no spatial interference between the exhaust gas pipe and the palladium pipe assembly. An exhaust gas outlet pipe is fixed on one side of the bottom of the concentrator, and an exhaust gas valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the exhaust gas outlet pipe.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the rotating component includes a driving gear fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the transmission shaft, and a driven gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the outer wall of the outer protective tube, the driven gear meshing with the driving gear.

[0011] The invention is further configured such that a second exhaust fan blade located inside the hydrogen outlet pipe is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive shaft.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that a support base is fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the housing assembly, and a mounting base hole is provided at both ends of the bottom of the support base.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that a temperature sensor is fixedly installed on one side of the outer wall of the housing assembly, and the probe of the temperature sensor extends into the purification unit; a controller is fixedly installed on one side of the support base, and the controller is electrically connected to the inlet valve, the exhaust valve, the outlet valve, the temperature sensor and the heating unit.

[0014] In summary, by adopting the above structure, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. In this invention, a purification system of at least three stages in series is constructed through purification components. The purification units are separated by a partition plate. Combined with the directional gas distribution design of the gas distribution fine tube and gas distribution coarse tube, the pretreated raw gas flows through each stage of purification units in a circulating flow mode of inward convergence and outward diffusion, and fully contacts the palladium tube assembly. This breaks through the limitation of the existing technology of single flow and single purification, and realizes multi-stage deep purification of hydrogen. This not only gradually intercepts the hydrogen that has not been completely separated in the raw gas, greatly improving the recovery rate and purity of the purified hydrogen, but also makes up for the efficiency shortcomings of single-stage purification through multi-stage synergy, and solves the problems of incomplete purification and inability to meet high-end needs in the existing technology.

[0015] 2. In this invention, during the purification process, the meshing of the driving and driven gears of the rotating component drives the palladium tube assembly to rotate synchronously and smoothly. Combined with the spiral turbulence protrusions on the surface of the outer protective tube, this efficiently breaks the laminar boundary layer formed by the raw gas on the surface of the palladium tube, reducing the resistance to hydrogen molecule diffusion from the raw gas mass to the palladium tube surface. Simultaneously, the nanoporous coating and palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh on the outer wall of the palladium tube accelerate the adsorption, dissociation, and permeation rates of hydrogen molecules, maximizing the hydrogen selective permeation advantage of the palladium membrane. Combined with the suitable purification temperature provided by the heating unit, this further enhances the hydrogen permeation efficiency. Therefore, it not only significantly improves the purification efficiency and hydrogen recovery rate of the device and shortens the purification cycle, but also avoids wasting the performance of the palladium membrane.

[0016] 3. In this invention, before the raw gas enters the purification unit, it undergoes dual purification treatment through a feed pretreatment component: firstly, the porous ceramic filter membrane on the cone inside the treatment tank pre-filters solid impurities in the raw gas, and then the modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent loaded with palladium-nickel alloy nanoparticles in the mesh frame efficiently adsorbs trace amounts of harmful impurities such as sulfides and halides, thus preventing palladium tube poisoning from the source; at the same time, the palladium tube assembly adopts a multi-layer composite structure, and the elastic support can flexibly absorb the thermal expansion and contraction deformation between the palladium tube body and the outer protective tube, alleviating thermal stress under high-temperature conditions, while the flexible sealing gasket effectively prevents gas leakage.

[0017] 4. In this invention, energy is efficiently recycled and utilized throughout the purification process through a heat recovery component: On the one hand, the residual heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust cylinder is used to preheat the raw material gas in the inlet pipe through the spiral guide vanes in the central cylinder, reducing the energy consumption required by the heating unit to reach the appropriate purification temperature; on the other hand, the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas flow drives the first exhaust fan blade on the drive shaft to rotate, thereby driving the palladium tube assembly to rotate and the second exhaust fan blade to exhaust gas, eliminating the need for additional power equipment such as motors, achieving dual energy saving of exhaust gas waste heat recovery and exhaust gas kinetic energy utilization. In addition, the heat preservation effect of the insulation layer inside the shell assembly can effectively reduce heat loss during the purification process, further improving energy utilization efficiency and significantly reducing the power and heat consumption of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slot and first mounting hole structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the septum and first gas distribution hole structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second gas distribution hole and the spiral turbulence protrusion structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the palladium tube assembly of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic support structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the palladium tube body of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a side cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the heat recovery component structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the fan-shaped groove and gas guide hole structure of a high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Shell assembly; 101. Outer shell; 102. Insulation layer; 103. Inner liner; 2. Controller; 3. Support base; 4. Raw gas inlet pipe; 5. Inlet valve; 6. Heat recovery assembly; 61. Drive shaft; 62. First exhaust fan blade; 63. Exhaust gas pipe; 64. Spiral guide vane; 65. Concentrated cylinder; 66. Exhaust gas outlet pipe; 7. Feed pretreatment assembly; 71. Treatment tank; 72. Conical cylinder; 73. Mesh frame; 74. Modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent; 75. Porous ceramic filter membrane; 76. Slot; 77. Fan-shaped slot; 78. Gas guide hole; 8. End cap; 9. Hydrogen outlet pipe; 10. Exhaust valve; 11. Temperature sensor; 12. Purification component; 121. Septum; 122. Gas distribution capillary tube; 123. Palladium tube assembly; 1231. Outer protective tube; 1232. Palladium tube body; 1233. Spiral turbulence protrusion; 1234. Vent hole; 1235. Flexible sealing gasket; 1236. Elastic support; 1237. Nanoporous coating; 1238. Palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh; 124. Gas distribution coarse tube; 125. First mounting hole; 126. First gas distribution hole; 127. Second gas distribution hole; 13. Fixed plate; 14. Second exhaust fan blade; 15. Heating unit; 16. Rotating component; 161. Drive gear; 162. Driven gear; 17. Exhaust gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or setting, a detachable connection or setting, or an integral connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-12This invention provides a highly efficient and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier, comprising: The shell assembly 1 consists of an outer shell 101, an insulation layer 102, and an inner liner 103. The insulation layer 102 fills the gap between the outer shell 101 and the inner liner 103. A raw gas inlet pipe 4 extending out of the outer shell 101 is fixed at the middle of one end of the inner liner 103, and an inlet valve 5 is fixedly installed at one end of the raw gas inlet pipe 4. The insulation layer 102 can effectively block the heat loss during the purification process inside the inner liner 103, ensuring that the inner liner 103 maintains a suitable purification temperature of 350-450℃, laying a stable temperature foundation for subsequent purification work. The inlet valve 5 can flexibly adjust the feed rate of the raw gas to avoid insufficient purification due to excessive feed rate. The feed pretreatment assembly 7 is located at one end of the inner liner 103 near the raw gas inlet pipe 4, with its top extending to one side of the top of the outer shell 101. The feed pretreatment assembly 7 includes a slot 76 at one end of the top of the shell assembly 1, and a treatment tank 71 is sealed and inserted into the inner wall of the slot 76. The top of the treatment tank 71 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 101 by bolts, and the bottom of the treatment tank 71 is in contact with the inner wall of the inner liner 103. The end of the treatment tank 71 near the purification assembly 12 is in contact with one side of one of the partitions 121. The inner wall of the end of the treatment tank 71 away from the raw gas inlet pipe 4 has equally spaced, annularly distributed air guide holes 78. A cone 72 and a mesh frame 73 are sequentially fixedly installed on the inner wall of the treatment tank 71, and the cone 72 has... The system is equipped with evenly spaced fan-shaped grooves 77, the inner walls of which are fixedly fitted with porous ceramic filter membranes 75. The mesh frame 73 is equipped with a replacement port and a replacement cover. The mesh frame 73 is filled with a modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent 74. The surface of the modified activated carbon is loaded with palladium-nickel alloy nanoparticles. The molecular sieve is a ZSM-5 type molecular sieve. The raw gas first passes through the porous ceramic filter membrane 75 to initially filter out solid impurities and large dust particles to avoid clogging. Then the raw gas enters the mesh frame 73 and comes into full contact with the modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent 74 loaded with palladium-nickel alloy nanoparticles. The adsorbent synergistically adsorbs trace impurities such as sulfides, halides, and carbon dioxide in the raw gas, thus preventing the palladium tube body 1232 from being poisoned at the source. End cap 8 is fixedly installed on the end of the outer shell 101 away from the original gas inlet pipe 4, and a hydrogen outlet pipe 9 is fixed in the middle of the end cap 8. An outlet valve 10 is fixedly installed at one end of the hydrogen outlet pipe 9. A fixing plate 13 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end cap 8 near the middle. A tail gas outlet 17 extending into the end cap 8 is fixed in the middle of the other end of the inner liner 103. Purification component 12 is located between feed pretreatment component 7 and hydrogen outlet pipe 9, and includes at least three purification units connected in series. At least three equally spaced partitions 121 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of inner liner 103, and the purification units are separated by the partitions 121. Multiple palladium tube assemblies 123 are arranged in a ring array inside purification component 122. Each palladium tube assembly 123 has a multi-layer composite structure. First mounting holes 125 are equally spaced and arranged in a ring on partitions 121, the end of shell assembly 1 near end cap 8, and fixed plate 13. Each palladium tube assembly 123 includes, from the inside out, a palladium tube body 1232, an elastic support 1236, and an outer layer. The outer protective tube 1231 and the spiral turbulence protrusion 1233 are connected to the first mounting hole 125 via a sealed bearing. One end of the outer protective tube 1231 is connected to the inside of the end cap 8 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 9. The outer protective tube 1231 has multiple rows of equally spaced vent holes 1234. Two staggered partitions 121 are fixed with equally spaced annularly distributed gas distribution caps 122. One end of one row of gas distribution caps 122 is connected to the gas guide hole 78. The position of the gas distribution caps 122 corresponds to the position of the palladium tube body 1232. Each gas distribution cap 122 has a row of equally spaced first gas distribution holes 126 facing the outer protective tube 1231. The partition 1231 is located in the middle. A coarse gas distribution pipe 124 is fixed at the center of component 1, and multiple rows of second gas distribution holes 127 are opened on the coarse gas distribution pipe 124, which are equidistant from each other and face the outer protective pipe 1231. The positions of the second gas distribution holes 127 and the first gas distribution holes 126 correspond to the positions of the vent holes 1234. The pretreated raw material gas enters the purification component 12 through the gas guide hole 78. The partition plate 121 divides the inner liner 103 into at least three purification units connected in series. The raw material gas flows through each purification unit in sequence to achieve multi-stage deep purification. The fine gas distribution pipe 122 distributes the raw material gas to the palladium tube component 123 around the first gas distribution hole 126 and the coarse gas distribution pipe 124 distributes the raw material gas through the second gas distribution hole 127. The gas distribution holes correspond to the vent holes 1234 of the outer protective pipe 1231. The feed gas should flow in a circulating manner, converging inward and diffusing outward, through the vent 1234, and fully contact the palladium tube assembly 123 arranged in a ring array. The palladium tube assembly 123 has a multi-layer composite structure. The outer protective tube 1231 rotates in the first mounting hole 125 through a sealed bearing, which drives the spiral turbulence protrusion 1233 to break the laminar boundary layer of the feed gas, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency. The elastic support 1236 absorbs the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the palladium tube body 1232 and the outer protective tube 1231, protecting the palladium tube body 1232 from damage. As the core purification component, the palladium tube body 1232 achieves selective hydrogen permeation. The series purification units at each stage can gradually intercept hydrogen that has not been completely separated, greatly improving the hydrogen recovery rate and purity. Heating unit 15 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of inner liner 103 and located around purification component 12. Heating unit 15 is a high-temperature resistant electric heating wire. Heating unit 15 can quickly and evenly heat inner liner 103 and purification component 12, and stabilize the temperature at a suitable purification temperature of 350-450℃. A heat recovery component 6 is disposed inside the exhaust gas outlet 17 and outside the raw gas inlet pipe 4. The heat recovery component 6 includes a second mounting hole located at one end of the exhaust gas outlet 17 and the center of the fixed plate 13. Mounting brackets are fixedly mounted on one side of the inner wall of both the exhaust gas outlet 17 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 9. A drive shaft 61 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting brackets and the inner wall of the second mounting hole via a sealed bearing. A first exhaust fan blade 62 located inside the exhaust gas outlet 17 is fixedly mounted at one end of the drive shaft 61. A concentrator 65, sleeved on the outer wall of the raw gas inlet pipe 4, is fixedly mounted at one end of the housing assembly 1. A spiral guide vane 64 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the concentrator 65. An exhaust gas pipe 63, equidistant from the housing assembly 1, is fixed between one end of the concentrator 65 and the exhaust gas outlet 17. The exhaust gas pipe 63 is connected to the palladium... The position of the pipe assembly 123 is free from spatial interference. The bottom side of the central cylinder 65 is fixed with a tail gas outlet pipe 66, and a tail gas exhaust valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tail gas outlet pipe 66. When the tail gas generated during the purification process is discharged through the tail gas outlet cylinder 17, it drives the first exhaust fan blade 62 to rotate, which drives the transmission shaft 61 to rotate synchronously. The transmission shaft 61 provides power to the rotating assembly 16, realizing transmission without additional energy consumption. The tail gas enters the tail gas exhaust pipe 63 through the tail gas outlet cylinder 17, and then gathers in the central cylinder 65, and finally is discharged through the tail gas outlet pipe 66. The tail gas exhaust valve can adjust the tail gas discharge rate. When the tail gas flows in the central cylinder 65, the residual heat it carries is transferred to the raw material gas in the original gas inlet pipe 4 through the spiral guide vane 64, realizing the recovery of tail gas residual heat. After the preheated raw material gas enters the inner liner 103, the heating load of the heating unit 15 can be reduced. The rotating component 16 is located in the gap between the outer casing 101 and the fixed plate 13. It is used to drive the palladium tube assembly 123 to rotate and to perform exhaust work. The rotating component 16 includes a drive gear 161 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the drive shaft 61, and a driven gear 162 fixedly installed on one end of the outer wall of the outer protective tube 1231. The driven gear 162 meshes with the drive gear 161. When the drive shaft 61 rotates, it can drive the drive gear 161 to rotate. The drive gear 161 and the driven gear 162 mesh and drive each other, thereby driving all palladium tube assemblies 123 to rotate synchronously and smoothly. No additional power equipment such as motors is required, thus achieving energy-saving transmission.

[0024] In this invention, the spiral turbulence protrusion 1233 is fixedly installed on the surface of the outer protective tube 1231. The elastic support 1236 is an arc-shaped memory metal frame, and the elastic support 1236 is fixedly installed in multiple rows at equal intervals at the gap between the palladium tube body 1232 and the outer protective tube 1231. Flexible sealing gaskets 1235 are fixedly installed on both sides of the gap between the palladium tube body 1232 and the outer protective tube 1231. When the spiral turbulence protrusion 1233 rotates synchronously with the palladium tube assembly 123, it can efficiently break the laminar boundary layer formed on the surface of the palladium tube body 1232 by the raw material gas, guide the raw material gas to form turbulence, improve the contact uniformity and contact area between the raw material gas and the palladium tube body 1232, and reduce the diffusion resistance of hydrogen molecules. The elastic support 1236 can flexibly absorb the thermal expansion and contraction deformation under high temperature conditions, relieve thermal stress, and prevent the palladium tube body 1232 from cracking or the outer protective tube 1231 from deforming. The flexible sealing gaskets 1235 can prevent gas leakage.

[0025] In this invention, the outer wall of the palladium tube body 1232 is coated with a nanoporous coating 1237 and a palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh 1238. During the purification process, the raw gas comes into full contact with the nanoporous coating 1237 and the palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh 1238 on the outer wall of the palladium tube body 1232, so that the hydrogen molecules are rapidly dissociated into hydrogen atoms, which facilitates the penetration of hydrogen atoms into the palladium tube body 1232.

[0026] In this invention, a second exhaust fan blade 14 is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive shaft 61 inside the hydrogen outlet pipe 9. When the drive shaft 61 rotates, it synchronously drives the second exhaust fan blade 14 to rotate, accelerating the collection and discharge of purified hydrogen inside the end cover 8, and avoiding the decrease in purity or efficiency caused by hydrogen stagnation inside the end cover 8. At the same time, the rotation of the second exhaust fan blade 14 can make hydrogen discharge from the hydrogen outlet pipe 9 at a uniform speed and smoothly, ensuring a stable hydrogen discharge rate.

[0027] In this invention, support bases 3 are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the housing assembly 1, and mounting holes are opened at both ends of the bottom of the support bases 3. A temperature sensor 11 is fixedly installed on one side of the outer wall of the housing assembly 1, and the probe of the temperature sensor 11 extends into the purification unit. A controller 2 is fixedly installed on one side of the support base 3, and the controller 2 is electrically connected to the inlet valve 5, the exhaust valve, the outlet valve 10, the temperature sensor 11, and the heating unit 15. The support base 3 provides stable support for the entire device. The temperature sensor 11 can detect the temperature inside the purification unit in real time and transmit the temperature signal to the controller 2. The controller 2 automatically adjusts the start / stop and heating power of the heating unit 15 according to the preset temperature threshold to ensure that the temperature inside the purification unit is stable within a suitable range of 350-450℃.

[0028] In summary, the working principle of this invention is as follows: the raw gas enters the inner liner 103 of the shell assembly 1 through the raw gas inlet pipe 4 with the inlet valve 5, first enters the feed pretreatment assembly 7, and is initially filtered for impurities by the porous ceramic filter membrane 75 on the cone 72 inside the treatment tank 71, and then the modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent 74 loaded with palladium-nickel alloy nanoparticles in the mesh frame 73 adsorbs trace impurities such as sulfides and halides. The pretreated raw gas enters the purification assembly 12 through the gas guide hole 78. It is divided by the partition plate 121 to form at least three-stage series purification units. The gas is directionally distributed through the first gas distribution hole 126 of the gas distribution capillary tube 122 and the second gas distribution hole 127 of the gas distribution coarse tube 124. The treated raw gas passes through the vent hole 1234 on the outer protective tube 1231 in a circulating flow of inward convergence and outward diffusion. It is in full contact with the nanoporous coating 1237 and palladium-platinum alloy catalyst mesh 1238 on the outer wall of the palladium tube body 1232 in the palladium tube assembly 123 arranged in a ring array. At the same time, the heating unit 15 provides a suitable temperature of 350-450°C for the purification process. Under the action of heat, hydrogen molecules are adsorbed and dissociated into hydrogen atoms and penetrate the palladium tube body 1232. After being recombined into hydrogen, they enter the end cap 8. During this process, the heat recovery component 6 utilizes the residual heat of the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas outlet 17 to preheat the raw material gas in the raw gas inlet pipe 4 through the spiral guide vanes 64 in the central cylinder 65. At the same time, the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas drives the first exhaust fan blade 62 on the drive shaft 61 to rotate. The drive shaft 61 meshes with the driven gear 162 through the active gear 161 of the rotating component 16, driving the palladium tube assembly 123 to rotate synchronously. In conjunction with the spiral turbulence protrusions 1233 on the surface of the outer protective tube 1231, the laminar boundary layer is broken, improving the mass transfer efficiency. The elastic support 1236 (arc-shaped memory metal frame) between the palladium tube body 1232 and the outer protective tube 1231 absorbs thermal expansion and contraction deformation, and the flexible sealing gasket 1235 prevents gas leakage. The purified hydrogen is collected through end cap 8 to hydrogen outlet pipe 9 and discharged through outlet valve 10. The unpermeated tail gas enters the collection cylinder 65 through tail gas outlet 17 and tail gas discharge pipe 63, and is finally discharged through tail gas outlet pipe 66. Controller 2 receives the signal from temperature sensor 11 in real time and regulates the operation of heating unit 15 and various valves. Support base 3 ensures stable fixation of the device. The whole device completes multi-stage deep purification of hydrogen, energy recovery and stable operation.

[0029] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments of this invention are not limited to these specific implementations. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of this invention, still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier, characterized in that, include: The shell assembly (1) consists of an outer shell (101), an insulation layer (102) and an inner liner (103), and the insulation layer (102) fills the gap between the outer shell (101) and the inner liner (103). An original air inlet pipe (4) extending out of the outer shell (101) is fixed at the middle of one end of the inner liner (103), and an air inlet valve (5) is fixedly installed at one end of the original air inlet pipe (4). Feed pretreatment assembly (7), the feed pretreatment assembly (7) is disposed at one end of the inner liner (103) near the original air inlet pipe (4), and its top extends to one side of the top of the outer shell (101); End cap (8), the end cap (8) is fixedly installed at one end of the outer shell (101) away from the original gas inlet pipe (4), and a hydrogen outlet pipe (9) is fixed in the middle of the end cap (8). An outlet valve (10) is fixedly installed at one end of the hydrogen outlet pipe (9). A fixing plate (13) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end cap (8) near the middle. A tail gas outlet (17) extending into the end cap (8) is fixed in the middle of the other end of the inner liner (103). The purification component (12) is located between the feed pretreatment component (7) and the hydrogen outlet pipe (9), and includes at least three purification units. The purification units are connected in series. At least three equally spaced partitions (121) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner liner (103), and the purification units are separated by the partitions (121). The purification component (12) is provided with multiple palladium tube assemblies (123) inside, and the multiple palladium tube assemblies (123) are arranged in a ring array. The palladium tube assembly (123) is a multi-layer composite structure. The partitions (121), the end of the shell assembly (1) near the end cap (8), and the fixed plate ( 13) Each of the palladium tubes has a first mounting hole (125) arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The palladium tube assembly (123) includes, from the inside out, a palladium tube body (1232), an elastic support (1236), an outer protective tube (1231), and a spiral turbulence protrusion (1233). The outer protective tube (1231) is rotatably connected to the first mounting hole (125) through a sealed bearing. One end of the outer protective tube (1231) is connected to the inside of the end cap (8) and the hydrogen outlet pipe (9). The outer protective tube (1231) has multiple rows of vent holes (1234) arranged in a ring at equal intervals. Two staggered partitions (121) are fixed with vent holes arranged in a ring at equal intervals. A ring-shaped distribution of gas distribution capillaries (122) is provided, with one end of one row of gas distribution capillaries (122) connected to a gas guide hole (78). The positions of the gas distribution capillaries (122) correspond to the positions of the palladium tube body (1232). Each gas distribution capillary (122) has a row of first gas distribution holes (126) that are equidistant and face the outer protective tube (1231). A gas distribution coarse tube (124) is fixed at the center of the partition plate (121) in the middle, and multiple rows of second gas distribution holes (127) that are equidistant and face the outer protective tube (1231) are provided on the gas distribution coarse tube (124). The second gas distribution holes (127) and the first gas distribution holes (128) are connected. The position of 6) corresponds to the position of the vent (1234). The outer wall of the palladium tube body (1232) is coated with a nanoporous coating (1237) and a palladium-platinum alloy catalytic mesh (1238). The spiral turbulence protrusion (1233) is fixedly installed on the surface of the outer protective tube (1231). The elastic support (1236) is an arc-shaped memory metal frame, and the elastic support (1236) is fixedly installed in multiple rows at equal intervals in the gap between the palladium tube body (1232) and the outer protective tube (1231). Flexible sealing gaskets (1235) are fixedly installed on both sides of the gap between the palladium tube body (1232) and the outer protective tube (1231). Heating unit (15), the heating unit (15) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner liner (103) and is located around the purification component (12). The heating unit (15) is a high temperature resistant electric heating wire. A heat recovery assembly (6) is disposed between the inside of the exhaust gas outlet (17) and the outside of the raw gas inlet pipe (4). The heat recovery assembly (6) includes a second mounting hole opened at one end of the exhaust gas outlet (17) and the center of the fixed plate (13). Mounting brackets are fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of both the exhaust gas outlet (17) and the hydrogen outlet pipe (9). The inner wall of the mounting bracket and the inner wall of the second mounting hole are rotatably connected to a drive shaft (61) through a sealed bearing. A first exhaust fan blade (6) located inside the exhaust gas outlet (17) is fixedly installed at one end of the drive shaft (61). 2) A concentrator (65) is fixedly installed on one end of the housing assembly (1) and sleeved on the outer wall of the original gas inlet pipe (4). A spiral guide vane (64) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the concentrator (65). A tail gas exhaust pipe (63) is fixedly installed at equal distances between one end of the concentrator (65) and the tail gas outlet pipe (17). The tail gas exhaust pipe (63) and the palladium tube assembly (123) are not spatially interfered with each other. A tail gas outlet pipe (66) is fixed on one side of the bottom of the concentrator (65). A tail gas exhaust valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tail gas outlet pipe (66). The rotating component (16) is located in the gap between the outer shell (101) and the fixed disk (13) and is used to drive the palladium tube assembly (123) to rotate and to exhaust gas. The rotating component (16) includes a drive gear (161) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the transmission shaft (61) and a driven gear (162) fixedly installed on one end of the outer wall of the outer protective tube (1231). The driven gear (162) meshes with the drive gear (161).

2. The high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed pretreatment assembly (7) includes a slot (76) at one end of the top of the housing assembly (1), and a treatment tank (71) is sealed to the inner wall of the slot (76). The top of the treatment tank (71) is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell (101) by bolts, and the bottom of the treatment tank (71) is in contact with the inner wall of the inner liner (103). The end of the treatment tank (71) near the purification assembly (12) is in contact with one side of one of the partitions (121), and the treatment tank (71) is away from the original gas inlet pipe ( 4) One end of the inner wall is provided with air guide holes (78) distributed in a ring at equal intervals. The inner wall of the treatment tank (71) is fixedly installed with a cone (72) and a mesh frame (73) in sequence. The cone (72) is provided with fan-shaped grooves (77) distributed at equal intervals. The inner wall of the fan-shaped grooves (77) is fixedly installed with porous ceramic filter membranes (75). The mesh frame (73) is provided with a replacement port and a replacement cover. The inside of the mesh frame (73) is filled with modified activated carbon-molecular sieve composite adsorbent (74).

3. The high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The other end of the drive shaft (61) is fixedly installed with a second exhaust fan blade (14) located inside the hydrogen outlet pipe (9).

4. The high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom ends of the housing assembly (1) are fixedly installed with support bases (3), and the bottom ends of the support bases (3) are provided with mounting holes.

5. The high-efficiency and stable palladium tube hydrogen purifier according to claim 4, characterized in that, A temperature sensor (11) is fixedly installed on one side of the outer wall of the housing assembly (1), and the probe of the temperature sensor (11) extends into the purification unit. A controller (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the support base (3), and the controller (2) is electrically connected to the inlet valve (5), the tail gas exhaust valve, the outlet valve (10), the temperature sensor (11), and the heating unit (15).

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