Structured grinding wheel for reaction grinding of a diamond spherical optical element and additive manufacturing method for its production

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of diamond grinding wheel, and discloses a structured grinding wheel for reaction grinding of a diamond spherical optical element, which is a porous profiled structure composed of alternating arrangement of reaction layers and abrasive grain layers; the composition of the reaction layers is as follows: 20-30% ceramic binder and 70-80% transition metal, and the composition of the abrasive grain layers is as follows: 60-70% ceramic binder and 30-40% diamond abrasive grain, and the layer thickness ratio of the reaction layers to the abrasive grain layers is 1:5-10. On a macro scale, the face contact between the porous profiled structure and the spherical optical element can improve the machining efficiency and enhance the chip accommodation and heat dissipation performance; on a micro scale, the gradient structure of the alternating accumulation of the reaction layers and the abrasive grain layers enables the grinding wheel to have periodically changed chemical reaction and abrasive grain machining characteristics, and realizes the precise synergistic regulation and control of the chemical reaction and mechanical removal effect on the grinding interface of the diamond optical element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of diamond grinding wheel technology, and relates to a structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements and its additive manufacturing preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Optical windows and fairings, among other optical surface components, are critical for ensuring the performance and functionality of hypersonic weapons. They must withstand extreme conditions, including temperatures exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius, supersonic particle impacts, severe aerodynamic loads, aero-optical distortion, and inherent thermal radiation noise. However, materials such as sapphire, spinel, and zinc sulfide are insufficient to meet the combined performance requirements of long-wave infrared guidance and optical performance under extreme conditions, necessitating a balance between structural strength and high optical performance. Diamond, with its ultra-wide spectral transmittance, exceptional thermal conductivity and resistance to thermal shock, as well as its extremely high hardness and strength, is considered the most promising optical component material for hypersonic weapons and other extreme environments.

[0003] Currently, high-purity, high-performance polycrystalline diamond prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is widely used in the field of optical components. However, diamonds grown by this method often suffer from problems such as uneven thickness, high-density crystal defects, residual stress, and rough surfaces, making it difficult to meet the sub-micron level surface accuracy and nano-level surface roughness requirements of spherical optical components such as diamond radomes. Therefore, grinding and polishing are the main steps in the manufacturing of spherical optical components such as radomes. The grinding process needs to balance material removal efficiency and surface integrity, aiming to minimize the damaged layer and thus reduce the polishing burden. However, the hardness, brittleness, and extremely strong chemical inertness of diamond make ultra-precision grinding extremely challenging. Reactive grinding utilizes a grinding wheel made of transition metal, which undergoes a thermochemical reaction with diamond at high temperatures generated by friction, converting diamond into non-diamond carbon or carbides. Subsequently, the soft phase on the diamond surface is removed by the mechanical friction of the abrasive grains. Therefore, reactive grinding is one of the most promising technical paths for achieving high-quality and high-efficiency ultra-precision machining of diamond optical components.

[0004] For reactive grinding of diamond fairings, the geometry of traditional spherical, arc-shaped, and cup-shaped grinding wheels is difficult to match with the spherical surface of the fairing. Point / line contact integral grinding between the wheel and workpiece results in low processing efficiency, easy wheel wear, surface / subsurface damage to the workpiece, and the inability to achieve a deterministic reaction between the transition metal and diamond. Furthermore, due to limitations in traditional pressing and sintering processes, the distribution structure of the transition metal within the ceramic-bonded diamond grinding wheel in reactive grinding leads to unstable reaction conditions at the grinding interface, resulting in poor controllability of the reaction conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements by providing a structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements. On a macroscopic scale, the porous contour structure and the surface contact with the spherical optical element can improve processing efficiency and enhance chip holding and heat dissipation performance. On a microscopic scale, the gradient structure of alternating reactive and abrasive layers enables the grinding wheel to have periodically changing chemical reaction and abrasive processing characteristics, achieving precise and synergistic control of the chemical reaction and mechanical removal at the grinding interface of the diamond optical element.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements. The structural grinding wheel is a porous contoured structure composed of alternating reactive layers and abrasive layers. By volume percentage, the reactive layer comprises 20-30% ceramic binder and 70-80% transition metal, and the abrasive layer comprises 60-70% ceramic binder and 30-40% diamond abrasive grains. The layer thickness ratio of the reactive layer to the abrasive layer is 1:5-10.

[0007] The macroscopic configuration of the grinding wheel of this invention is a porous contoured structure, while the microscopic configuration is a trapezoidal structure formed by alternating layers of reaction and abrasive particles. When using this grinding wheel to grind diamond spherical optical elements, the transition metal in the outermost reaction layer reacts chemically with the diamond spherical optical element at a certain temperature, generating amorphous carbon soft material, making the diamond easier to remove. The porous contoured structure of the grinding wheel allows for surface contact with the diamond spherical optical element, improving processing efficiency and enhancing chip handling and heat dissipation. The gradient structure of alternating reaction and abrasive layers gives the grinding wheel periodically varying chemical reaction and abrasive processing characteristics, enabling precise and coordinated control of the interface reaction conditions and mechanical removal action during the grinding of the diamond spherical optical element.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the ceramic binder is selected from a mixture of silicon carbide powder, tungsten carbide powder and silica powder. The proportions of the three powders by volume percentage are as follows: 82% silicon carbide powder, 3% tungsten carbide powder and 15% silica powder.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the ceramic binder powder is 0.1~5 μm.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the transition metal is selected from one of Fe powder, Ti powder, and Cr powder.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the diameter of the transition metal powder is 0.2~5 μm.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the particle size of the diamond abrasive is 0.2~10 μm.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the reaction layer is 1~10 μm.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the abrasive layer is 20~50 μm.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for preparing the above-mentioned structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the additive manufacturing device and print the structural grinding wheel blank; the additive manufacturing device includes a support platform, a vertical lifting mechanism, a quantitative powder feeding mechanism, an X-axis powder spreading mechanism, a Y-axis powder spreading mechanism, and a binder spraying mechanism; the vertical lifting mechanism is located at the bottom of the support platform, the X-axis powder spreading mechanism and the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism are located on one side of the support platform and their movement directions are perpendicular to each other, and the binder spraying mechanism is located above the support platform; the vertical lifting mechanism is used to move the support platform up and down, the quantitative powder feeding mechanism is used to quantitatively feed the reaction layer or abrasive layer powder, the X-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the X-axis of the support platform, the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the Y-axis of the support platform, and the binder spraying mechanism is used to spray binder and cure it after the X-axis or Y-axis powder spreading is completed; Step 2: Place the green blank in a sintering furnace and sinter it under argon or vacuum conditions. After sintering, cool it to room temperature to obtain the finished structural grinding wheel.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the bearing platform is equipped with a forming cylinder, a reaction layer powder storage cylinder, a reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder, an abrasive layer powder storage cylinder, and an abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder; a quantitative powder feeding mechanism is provided at the bottom of both the reaction layer powder storage cylinder and the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the forming cylinder is located in the middle of the bearing platform, the reaction layer powder storage cylinder and the reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder are respectively located on both sides of the forming cylinder in the X-axis direction, and the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder and the abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder are respectively located on both sides of the forming cylinder in the Y-axis direction.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention combines the spherical structure of diamond with the characteristics of reactive grinding of diamond to propose a porous contour-following grinding wheel. On a macroscopic scale, the porous contour-following structure's surface contact with the spherical optical element improves processing efficiency and enhances chip retention and heat dissipation performance. On a microscopic scale, the gradient structure of alternating reactive and abrasive layers enables the grinding wheel to possess periodically changing chemical reaction and abrasive processing characteristics. This allows for precise and coordinated control of the chemical reaction and mechanical removal at the diamond optical element grinding interface, enabling high-quality and high-efficiency grinding of spherical optical elements such as diamond radomes for hypersonic weapons. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of several porous contour-following grinding wheels according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-gradient structure of the grinding wheel of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, which uses a grinding wheel to reactively grind a diamond spherical optical element.

[0022] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is the second schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

[0025] In the attached diagram, the following numbers are used: 1 is a heat lamp, 2 is an adhesive storage tank, 3 is a nozzle, 4 is a spray head, 5 is a forming cylinder, 6 is a reaction layer powder storage cylinder, 7 is a reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder, 8 is an abrasive layer powder storage cylinder, 9 is an abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder, 10 is a Y-axis powder spreading roller, 11 is a Y-axis self-rotating servo motor, 12 is a Y-axis ball screw, 13 is a Y-axis nut seat, 14 is a Y-axis bearing seat, 15 is a Y-axis linear guide rail, 16 is a Y-axis servo motor, 17 is an X-axis powder spreading roller, 18 is an X-axis self-rotating servo motor, 19 is an X-axis ball screw, 20 is an X-axis nut seat, 21 is an X-axis bearing seat, 22 is an X-axis linear guide rail, 23 is an X-axis servo motor, 28 is an X-axis belt linear module, 29 is a slide, and 30 is a spray head drive device. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the test methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods. Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the macroscopic configuration of the structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements of the present invention is a porous contour structure, such as the Gyroid porous contour structure grinding wheel, the Diamond porous contour structure grinding wheel, and the Lidiniod porous contour structure grinding wheel. The above porous structures all have unique spatial network characteristics.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the microstructure of the structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements of the present invention is a gradient structure composed of alternating reactive layers and abrasive layers. By volume percentage, the reactive layer comprises 20-30% ceramic binder and 70-80% transition metal, and the abrasive layer comprises 60-70% ceramic binder and 30-40% diamond abrasive grains. The layer thickness ratio of the reactive layer to the abrasive layer is 1:5-10.

[0029] In this invention, the ceramic binder is selected from a mixture of silicon carbide powder, tungsten carbide powder, and silica powder, with a powder diameter of 0.1~5 μm. The proportions of the three powders by volume percentage are as follows: 82% silicon carbide powder, 3% tungsten carbide powder, and 15% silica powder; the transition metal is selected from one of Fe powder, Ti powder, and Cr powder, with a powder diameter of 0.2~5 μm; and the diamond abrasive has a particle size of 0.2~10 μm.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, when using the grinding wheel of this invention to grind diamond spherical optical elements, the porous contoured grinding wheel achieves deterministic contact with the spherical surface of the diamond shroud through partial contact, simultaneously improving grinding efficiency, chip removal, and active temperature control. The transition metal in the outermost reaction layer reacts chemically with the diamond spherical optical element at a certain temperature, generating amorphous carbon soft material, making the diamond easier to remove. To ensure good reactive grinding performance, the thickness ratio of the reaction layer to the abrasive layer is 1:5~10. For example, when the reaction layer thickness is 3 μm, the abrasive layer thickness can be 15 μm, 24 μm, or 30 μm; when the reaction layer thickness is 5 μm, the abrasive layer thickness can be 25 μm, 40 μm, or 50 μm.

[0031] In one embodiment, the composition of the reaction layer by volume percentage is as follows: 20% ceramic binder powder and 80% Fe powder, and the composition of the abrasive layer is as follows: 60% ceramic binder powder and 40% diamond abrasive. The thickness of the reaction layer is 3 μm, and the thickness of the abrasive layer is 24 μm.

[0032] In another embodiment, the composition of the reaction layer by volume percentage is as follows: 30% ceramic binder powder and 70% Ti powder, and the composition of the abrasive layer is as follows: 70% ceramic binder powder and 30% diamond abrasive. The thickness of the reaction layer is 5 μm, and the thickness of the abrasive layer is 40 μm. Example 2

[0033] The green blank of the grinding wheel of this invention is printed using an additive manufacturing device, such as... Figures 4-6 As shown, the additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a support platform, a vertical lifting mechanism, a quantitative powder feeding mechanism, an X-axis powder spreading mechanism, a Y-axis powder spreading mechanism, and a binder spraying mechanism. The support platform is equipped with a forming cylinder 5, a reaction layer powder storage cylinder 6, a reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder 7, an abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8, and an abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder 9. The forming cylinder 5 is located in the middle of the support platform. The reaction layer powder storage cylinder 6 and the reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder 7 are located on both sides of the forming cylinder 5 along the X-axis direction, and the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8 and the abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder 9 are located on both sides of the forming cylinder 5 along the Y-axis direction.

[0034] The vertical lifting mechanism of this invention is located at the bottom of a support platform and is used to move the support platform up and down. The vertical lifting mechanism is a conventional technology in this field. In one embodiment, the vertical lifting mechanism includes a worm gear screw jack and a servo motor driving the worm gear screw jack. One end of the screw of the worm gear screw jack is fixed to the bottom of the support platform. The output end of the servo motor is connected to a worm, which is connected to a worm wheel. The worm wheel has threads machined in its inner cavity to mesh with the screw. After the servo motor starts, it converts the rotational motion into linear motion, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the support platform. In another embodiment, the vertical lifting mechanism is a vertically installed ball screw-type linear module. Its nut seat is connected to the support platform. The servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through a coupling. The rotation of the ball screw causes the nut seat to move upward, thereby realizing the upward movement of the support platform.

[0035] The reaction layer powder storage cylinder 6 of this invention contains a ceramic binder and a transition metal prepared in a specific ratio, while the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8 contains a ceramic binder and diamond abrasive grains prepared in a specific ratio. A quantitative powder feeding mechanism is provided at the bottom of both the reaction layer powder storage cylinder 6 and the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8. This mechanism is used for quantitatively feeding the powder in the reaction layer or abrasive layer. The quantitative powder feeding mechanism is a conventional technology in this field. In one embodiment, the quantitative powder feeding mechanism is a vertically mounted ball screw-type linear module. Its nut seat is fixed to the bottom of the reaction layer powder storage cylinder 6 or the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8. A servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate via a coupling. The rotation of the ball screw causes the nut seat to move upward, which in turn causes the bottom of the cylinder to move upward, thereby achieving quantitative powder feeding.

[0036] In this invention, an X-axis powder spreading mechanism and a Y-axis powder spreading mechanism are disposed on one side of a support platform and their movement directions are perpendicular to each other. The X-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the X-axis of the support platform, and the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the Y-axis of the support platform. In one embodiment, both the X-axis and Y-axis powder spreading mechanisms include a ball screw-type linear module and a powder spreading assembly, wherein the ball screw-type linear module is a conventional technology in the art, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism's ball screw type linear module includes a Y-axis servo motor 16, a coupling, a Y-axis ball screw 12, a Y-axis nut seat 13, a Y-axis bearing seat 14, and a Y-axis linear guide rail 15. The powder spreading component of the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism includes a Y-axis powder spreading roller 10 and a Y-axis self-rotating servo motor 11. The Y-axis servo motor 16 is connected to the Y-axis ball screw 12 via the coupling, and the output end of the Y-axis self-rotating servo motor 11 is connected to the Y-axis powder spreading roller 10. The base of the Y-axis self-rotating servo motor 11 is fixed on the Y-axis nut seat 13. When the Y-axis servo motor 16 starts, the Y-axis ball screw 12 rotates, thereby driving the Y-axis nut seat 13 to move. The Y-axis nut seat 13 is fixed on a slider on the Y-axis linear guide rail 15, enabling high-precision linear motion. This, in turn, causes the Y-axis self-rotating servo motor 11 to drive the Y-axis powder spreading roller 10 to move along the Y-axis direction, achieving powder spreading in the Y-axis direction. Figure 6 As shown, the roller screw type linear module of the X-axis powder spreading mechanism includes an X-axis servo motor 23, a coupling, an X-axis ball screw 19, an X-axis nut seat 20, an X-axis bearing seat 21, and an X-axis linear guide rail 22. The powder spreading components of the X-axis powder spreading mechanism include an X-axis powder spreading roller 17 and an X-axis self-rotating servo motor 18, which similarly achieve powder spreading in the X-axis direction.

[0037] The adhesive spraying mechanism of this invention is located above the support platform; the adhesive spraying mechanism is used to spray adhesive and cure it after powder spreading along the X-axis or Y-axis. The adhesive spraying mechanism includes a moving mechanism, a spraying system, and a heating system. In one embodiment, as... Figure 5As shown, the moving mechanism consists of two X-axis belt linear modules 28 located on both sides of the upper part of the frame. The slides 29 of the two X-axis belt linear modules 28 are connected as one piece to form a gantry structure. The spraying system includes an adhesive storage tank 2, a pressure pump (not shown in the figure), a pressure regulator (not shown in the figure), a filter (not shown in the figure), a nozzle 3, a printhead 4, and a printhead drive device 30 (such as a servo motor) connected in sequence. The printhead 4 is a multi-channel piezoelectric on-demand inkjet printhead. The printhead drive device 30 drives the printhead 4 to spray adhesive at a specific position. The heating system is a heat lamp 1 (such as a near-infrared heating lamp tube). The heat lamps 1 are arranged in an array above the forming cylinder 5, and the irradiation range covers the entire cylinder opening area of ​​the forming cylinder 5. The hot lamp 1, adhesive storage tank 2, spray pipe 3, nozzle drive device 30 and other components are all fixed on the slide 29. As the slide 29 moves, the nozzle 4 moves to the top of the forming cylinder 5. After each layer of powder is laid, the adhesive is sprayed. After the adhesive is sprayed, the hot lamp 1 immediately heats the adhesive to achieve rapid preliminary curing of the adhesive, so as to prevent damage to the printed graphic structure when the next layer of different powder is laid alternately.

[0038] In one embodiment, the adhesive of the present invention is a silicate adhesive, composed of sodium silicate (Na₂O·nSiO₂, density 1.36 g / cm³). 3 (Viscosity 45 mPa·s at 25℃), butyl acrylate (density 0.8 g / cm³) 3 (Viscosity at 25℃: 0.81 mPa·s), polyacrylamide (density: 1.32 g / cm³) 3 ,) and silane coupling agent (density 0.95 g / cm³) 3 Composed of , ) and cured at 80~100℃. Example 3

[0039] An additive manufacturing method for preparing a structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements includes the following steps: Step 1: The bottom of the powder storage cylinder 6 of the reaction layer moves upward under the drive of the quantitative powder feeding mechanism to achieve quantitative powder feeding; the X-axis powder spreading mechanism spreads the mixture of transition metal and ceramic binder powder on the forming cylinder 5, and the excess powder enters the reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder 7; then the binder spraying mechanism selectively sprays binder in the required places and cures the binder to build the reaction layer; then the vertical lifting mechanism drives the bearing platform to move downward, descending by one reaction layer thickness.

[0040] Step 2: The bottom of the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder 8 moves upward under the drive of the quantitative powder feeding mechanism. The Y-axis powder spreading mechanism spreads a mixture of diamond abrasive and ceramic binder powder on the forming cylinder 5. Excess powder enters the abrasive layer waste powder recycling cylinder 9. Then, the binder spraying mechanism selectively sprays binder in the required places and cures the binder to build the abrasive layer. Subsequently, the vertical lifting mechanism drives the bearing platform to move downward, lowering it by one abrasive layer thickness.

[0041] Step 3: Repeat the process of Step 1 and Step 2 above to form a green grinding wheel blank with alternating layers of reaction and abrasive particles; Step 4: Place the green grinding wheel obtained in Step 3 into a program-controlled high-temperature atmosphere sintering furnace, and sinter it according to the set temperature curve under argon protection or vacuum environment. After sintering, cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the finished structural grinding wheel.

[0042] In one embodiment, for the Gyroid porous contour grinding wheel with external dimensions of 10×10×30mm, the composition of the reaction layer by volume percentage is as follows: 20% ceramic binder powder and 80% Fe powder, and the composition of the abrasive layer is as follows: 60% ceramic binder powder and 40% diamond abrasive. The reaction layer thickness is 3 μm, and the abrasive layer thickness is 24 μm. The Gyroid porous structure model is constructed using an implicit surface function algorithm, and the printing parameters are set to print the green blank according to the above method. The green blank sintering procedure is as follows: first, the temperature is increased to 360℃ at 2℃ / min and held for 1 h, then the temperature is increased to 660℃ at 3℃ / min and held for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature.

[0043] In another embodiment, for the Diamond porous contour grinding wheel with external dimensions of 10×10×30mm, the composition of the reaction layer by volume percentage is as follows: 20% ceramic binder powder and 80% Fe powder, and the composition of the abrasive layer is as follows: 60% ceramic binder powder and 40% diamond abrasive. The reaction layer thickness is 5 μm, and the abrasive layer thickness is 40 μm. The Gyroid porous structure model is constructed using an implicit surface function algorithm, and the printing parameters are set to print the green blank according to the above method. The green blank sintering procedure is as follows: first, heat to 360℃ at 2℃ / min and hold for 1 h, then heat to 660℃ at 3℃ / min and hold for 2 h, and then cool to room temperature.

[0044] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are only used to explain the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other implementation methods can be easily made by substitution or modification based on the technical content disclosed in this specification. Therefore, all changes and improvements made on the principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements, characterized in that, The structured grinding wheel is a porous contoured structure composed of alternating reactive layers and abrasive layers. By volume percentage, the reactive layer consists of 20-30% ceramic binder and 70-80% transition metal, and the abrasive layer consists of 60-70% ceramic binder and 30-40% diamond abrasive. The layer thickness ratio of the reactive layer to the abrasive layer is 1:5-10.

2. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic binder is selected from a mixture of silicon carbide powder, tungsten carbide powder and silica powder; by volume percentage, the proportions of the three powders in the ceramic binder are as follows: 82% silicon carbide powder, 3% tungsten carbide powder and 15% silica powder.

3. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the ceramic binder powder is 0.1~5μm.

4. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition metal is selected from one of Fe powder, Ti powder, and Cr powder.

5. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The transition metal powder has a diameter of 0.2~5 μm; the diamond abrasive has a particle size of 0.2~10 μm.

6. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the reaction layer is 1~10 μm.

7. The structural grinding wheel according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the abrasive layer is 20~50 μm.

8. The additive manufacturing method for preparing a structural grinding wheel for reactive grinding of diamond spherical optical elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the additive manufacturing device and print the structural grinding wheel blank; the additive manufacturing device includes a support platform, a vertical lifting mechanism, a quantitative powder feeding mechanism, an X-axis powder spreading mechanism, a Y-axis powder spreading mechanism, and a binder spraying mechanism; the vertical lifting mechanism is located at the bottom of the support platform, the X-axis powder spreading mechanism and the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism are located on one side of the support platform and their movement directions are perpendicular to each other, and the binder spraying mechanism is located above the support platform; the vertical lifting mechanism is used to move the support platform up and down, the quantitative powder feeding mechanism is used to quantitatively feed the reaction layer or abrasive layer powder, the X-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the X-axis of the support platform, the Y-axis powder spreading mechanism is used to spread powder along the Y-axis of the support platform, and the binder spraying mechanism is used to spray binder and cure it after the X-axis or Y-axis powder spreading is completed; Step 2: Place the green blank in a sintering furnace and sinter it under argon or vacuum conditions. After sintering, cool it to room temperature to obtain the finished structural grinding wheel.

9. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bearing platform is equipped with a forming cylinder (5), a reaction layer powder storage cylinder (6), a reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder (7), an abrasive layer powder storage cylinder (8), and an abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder (9); a quantitative powder feeding mechanism is provided at the bottom of the reaction layer powder storage cylinder (6) and the abrasive layer powder storage cylinder (8).

10. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The forming cylinder (5) is located in the middle of the bearing platform. The reaction layer powder storage cylinder (6) and the reaction layer waste powder recovery cylinder (7) are located on both sides of the forming cylinder (5) in the X-axis direction, respectively. The abrasive layer powder storage cylinder (8) and the abrasive layer waste powder recovery cylinder (9) are located on both sides of the forming cylinder (5) in the Y-axis direction, respectively.

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