A lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator and a preparation process thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of porcelain insulator, and particularly relates to a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator comprises the following steps: preparation of a functionalized metal organic framework compound, preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, preparation of a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating, and preparation of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator. The functionalized metal organic framework compound is added to give the coating with double characteristics of active photothermal deicing and passive anti-icing, and to optimize dielectric properties. The hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles are added to the coating to enhance the barrier, heat conduction, anti-aging and anti-flashover capacity of the coating. Meanwhile, the coating formula is optimized to improve the mechanical strength and super-hydrophobic self-cleaning performance, so as to ensure safe and stable operation of the insulator under all-weather and multi-working-condition, and to reduce the risk of accidents such as flashover and icing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of porcelain insulator technology, specifically to a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator and its manufacturing process. Background Technology

[0002] Insulators are indispensable core insulating components in power transmission lines. They are mainly used to isolate conductors or conductors at different potentials from grounding components, withstand voltage and mechanical stress, and ensure the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. Their performance directly determines the reliability and security of the power grid. Among them, lightning-proof and hydrophobic porcelain insulators, due to their combined lightning protection and hydrophobic / pollution prevention functions, are widely used in various outdoor transmission lines, especially suitable for complex outdoor operating conditions such as frequent thunderstorms, high humidity, heavy pollution, and severe cold with icing.

[0003] With the development of power systems towards higher voltage, longer distances, and larger capacities, and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, the performance defects of existing lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulators are becoming increasingly apparent. They are no longer able to meet the safe operation requirements under complex outdoor conditions. Specifically, the following technical problems urgently need to be solved: First, the anti-icing and de-icing performance is insufficient, failing to achieve all-weather protection. Under severe weather conditions such as low temperatures, rain, and snow, the surface of insulators is prone to the formation of ice with strong adhesion and high density. This ice accumulation significantly reduces the insulation performance of the insulators, leading to insufficient creepage distance and easily causing flashover faults, which in turn cause line tripping, seriously affecting the normal power supply order of the power grid. It may even lead to more serious power accidents such as conductor breakage and tower collapse. Existing lightning protection and drainage porcelain insulators lack an effective all-weather anti-icing and de-icing mechanism, making it difficult to cope with different levels of icing scenarios and failing to meet the protection requirements for anti-icing and de-icing. Their anti-icing capability has obvious shortcomings.

[0004] Secondly, the coating performance is poor, resulting in poor reliability in lightning protection and insulation. The coating on the surface of existing lightning-protected hydrophobic porcelain insulators cannot effectively disperse lightning current or resist lightning impacts during a lightning strike. This not only makes them prone to surface flashover but may also cause the porcelain body to crack due to concentrated lightning energy and local overheating, leading to complete failure of the insulator and rendering it unable to perform its core functions of lightning protection and insulation.

[0005] Secondly, the insulators of outdoor transmission lines are insufficient in terms of weather resistance and mechanical properties, resulting in a short service life. Outdoor transmission line insulators are exposed to complex environments such as prolonged exposure to sunlight and strong winds and sandstorms. Existing lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators have poor weather resistance in their porcelain body and surface coating, making them prone to aging and fading. Simultaneously, their mechanical strength, impact resistance, and interfacial shear strength are insufficient. Under the influence of strong winds, snow loads, and maintenance work, the porcelain body is easily damaged and the coating peels off, leading to a sharp decline in the insulation and hydrophobic properties of the insulators. This not only shortens the service life of the insulators but also increases the frequency and cost of equipment replacement.

[0006] Therefore, this application aims to develop a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator that combines anti-icing and de-icing properties, excellent outdoor weather resistance, and mechanical properties, as well as its manufacturing process, in order to solve the problems in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator and its manufacturing process.

[0008] This invention provides a manufacturing process for a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, comprising: S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes; First, attapulgite was pretreated with acid, then mixed with 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid and ferric chloride hexahydrate, and then hydrothermally synthesized after ultrasonic dispersion and long-term stirring to obtain a functionalized metal-organic framework complex. S2: Preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles; First, hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride was dispersed in Tris-HCl buffer, and dopamine hydrochloride was added to react. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, hBN@PDA powder was obtained. Then, it was dispersed in hydrochloric acid solution, protected with nitrogen gas and cooled. Aniline monomer was added to react, and ammonium persulfate solution was added to continue the reaction. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles were obtained. Finally, hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles were mixed with deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, and dodecyltrimethoxysilane. After adjusting the pH, the mixture was sonicated, reacted, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S3: Preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coating; Polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane were vacuum dehydrated, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added to react until the NCO concentration reached the standard to obtain a prepolymer mixture; a chain extender was added and stirred to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution; functionalized metal-organic framework composite, pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, butyl acetate, dispersant, and leveling agent were mixed and ultrasonically added, and the hydrophobic mixed solution and defoamer were added for dispersion to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating; S4: Preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators; Anhydrous ethanol and deionized water were mixed, the pH was adjusted, and then silane coupling agent KH-550 was added and stirred until it stood to obtain a silane coupling agent mixture. This mixture was sprayed onto the surface of a high-alumina porcelain insulator body, and after being placed at room temperature and subjected to constant temperature treatment, a pretreated porcelain insulator was obtained. After being coated with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating and cured, it was subjected to vacuum treatment to obtain a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. The lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body was glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator.

[0009] As a preferred aspect, S1: the preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes specifically includes the following steps: S1.1: Add attapulgite to deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-22, stir to disperse, and let it settle. Soak the precipitate in 0.1mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 2-3 hours at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-22. Then wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind at 105-110℃ to obtain pretreated attapulgite. S1.2: Add 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid to 20-30 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide, then stir and mix at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 min. Then add 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and stir and mix at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 min. Then add 0.5-1 parts by weight of pretreated attapulgite, ultrasonically disperse for 20-30 min, and then stir and mix for 3-5 h to obtain a mixed solution. S1.3: Place the mixed solution in a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, and then react at 120-130℃ for 5-8 hours. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge the reaction solution at 8000-10000 rpm for 5-8 minutes. Wash the precipitate 3-5 times with N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous ethanol, and centrifuge again. Place the precipitate in a drying oven at 60-70℃ and dry for 12-14 hours to obtain the functionalized metal-organic framework complex.

[0010] As a preferred aspect, the preparation and pretreatment of S2: hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Add 1-2 parts by weight of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride to 30-40 parts by weight of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution, pH=8.5, then stir and mix at 200-300 rpm for 20-30 min, then sonicate for 1-2 h, add 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride at 1000-1200 rpm, and react at room temperature for 20-24 h. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge at 10000-12000 rpm, then wash the precipitate with deionized water and ethanol alternately 3-5 times, and finally vacuum dry at 50-60℃ to obtain hBN@PDA powder; S2.2: Add 1-2 parts by weight of hBN@PDA powder to 200-230 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, then sonicate for 20-30 min. Transfer the dispersion to a three-necked flask, purge with nitrogen, and cool to 0-5℃ in an ice-water bath. Then add 0.6-0.8 parts by weight of aniline monomer and continue the reaction for 1-2 h with stirring at 200-300 rpm. While maintaining the ice-water bath conditions, add 1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution, wherein the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate is 1:1.2. Stir the reaction at 200-300 rpm for 6-8 h. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge to collect the product, wash with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol 3-5 times in sequence, and finally vacuum dry at 50-60℃ to obtain hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S2.3: Add 50-60 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol and 10-15 parts by weight of dodecyltrimethoxysilane to 100-120 parts by weight of deionized water, stir and mix for 20-30 min, then add ammonia water to adjust the pH to 9-10, then add 20-30 parts by weight of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, sonicate for 30-40 min, then react at 40-50℃ for 3-4 h. After the reaction is complete, wash with anhydrous ethanol 3-5 times, filter, and dry in an oven at 100℃ to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles.

[0011] As a preferred aspect, the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate in step S2.2 is 1:1.2.

[0012] As a preferred aspect, the specific preparation method of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride in step S2.1 is as follows: 8-12 parts by weight of hexagonal boron nitride are dispersed in 150-200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5-10 mol / L, and ultrasonically dispersed for 1-2 hours. Then, the product is transferred to a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 120-130℃ for 12-24 hours. After the reaction is completed, the product is naturally cooled, and the product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the pH reaches 7.0. Then, it is washed with anhydrous ethanol 3-5 times. After centrifugation, it is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80℃ and dried for 12-24 hours to obtain hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride.

[0013] As a preferred aspect, S3: The preparation of the self-cleaning hydrophobic coating specifically includes the following steps: S3.1: Place 45-46 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, 2.5-3 parts by weight of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and 4-5 parts by weight of hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane into a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under vacuum conditions, dehydrate at 110-115℃ for 2-3 hours. Then, keep warm at 50-60℃ for 30-40 minutes. Next, add 35-36 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and stir at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 minutes. Then, raise the temperature to 80-82℃ to continue the reaction. During the reaction, measure the concentration of NCO in the prepolymer. When the content reaches the predetermined standard of 10%, the reaction is stopped, and a prepolymer mixture is obtained. S3.2: Add chain extender 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane to the prepolymer mixture according to the molar ratio R=1.05, and mix for 10-15 min at 60-70℃ and 500-800 rpm to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution. S3.3: Mix 8-10 parts by weight of functionalized metal-organic framework composite and 3-5 parts by weight of pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles with 70-80 parts by weight of butyl acetate, add 1-2 parts by weight of dispersant and 1-2 parts by weight of leveling agent, and ultrasonically disperse for 10-20 min. Then add 40-50 parts by weight of hydrophobic mixed solution and disperse at 1000-1200 r / min for 2-3 min. Then add 0.5-1 parts by weight of defoamer and disperse at 200-300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating.

[0014] As a preferred aspect, the chain extender in step S3.2 is specifically 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane.

[0015] As a preferred aspect, the dispersant in step S3.3 is specifically one of BYK-163, BYK-110, and Disperbyk-190, the leveling agent is specifically one of BYK-333 and BYK-306, and the defoamer is specifically one of BYK-024 and BYK-066N.

[0016] As a preferred aspect, S4: The preparation of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator specifically includes the following steps: S4.1: Mix 80-90 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol with 5-10 parts by weight of deionized water, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, then add 5-10 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 at 300-500 rpm, stir and mix for 30-60 min, then let stand for 1-2 h to obtain a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550. S4.2: Spray the KH-550 mixture of silane coupling agent onto the surface of the high-alumina porcelain insulator body, then place it at room temperature for 30-40 minutes, and then treat it at 90-100℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a pretreated porcelain insulator. Then, use a coater to apply a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating to the surface of the pretreated porcelain insulator, cure it naturally for 2-3 hours, and then treat it under vacuum at 50-60℃ for 48-50 hours to obtain the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. S4.3: The lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator body is glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain the lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator.

[0017] The present invention also provides a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, which is prepared by any of the preparation processes of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator described in any one of the claims.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention introduces a functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) complex. This complex is achieved by in-situ loading a diamino iron-based MOF with a controlled amino (-NH2) to carboxyl (-COOH) ratio onto a pretreated attapulgite surface. The metal-organic ligands in the iron-based MOF exhibit significant ligand-metal charge transfer effects and strong light absorption in the near-infrared and part of the visible light regions. Attapulgite, as a natural nanocarrier, provides highly dispersed growth sites for the MOF due to its unique rod-like structure and abundant silanol groups on its surface, preventing MOF particle aggregation and thus exposing more photothermal active centers. The combination of these two components... This significantly improves the photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling rapid temperature increases on the insulator surface under illumination, achieving active photothermal defrosting / de-icing and effectively preventing ice and snow accumulation. Simultaneously, the dual-amino functionalized metal-organic framework inhibits heterogeneous ice crystal nucleation, thereby lowering the icing temperature and delaying icing time, endowing the coating with passive anti-icing properties. Even in the absence of light, it reduces the risk of icing. This functionalized metal-organic framework composite possesses both "passive anti-icing" and "active photothermal de-icing" functions, ensuring that lightning-protected hydrophobic porcelain insulators remain clean and ice-free under all weather conditions and multiple operating conditions, significantly reducing the risk of flashover accidents caused by icing. Furthermore, the functionalized metal-organic framework composite has a rich porous structure, allowing for uniform dispersion within the polyurethane coating, forming micro-nano-level air gap structures within the coating. This effectively reduces the coating's dielectric constant, resulting in a more uniform electric field distribution, alleviating electric field concentration, significantly improving the insulator's high-voltage flashover resistance, and enhancing its operational reliability under high-voltage conditions such as lightning strikes.

[0019] 2. This invention incorporates hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles into the coating. The layered structure of the hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles forms a physical barrier, extending the diffusion path of corrosive media and water, significantly improving the barrier performance of the coating. Furthermore, hexagonal boron nitride has an extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity, which can quickly dissipate the Joule heat generated by lightning strikes, preventing local overheating that could lead to ceramic body cracking or coating ablation. PANI can form weak charge dissipation channels, reducing surface charge accumulation and lowering the risk of lightning-induced flashover. Meanwhile, polydopamine has an extremely broad ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, effectively shielding ultraviolet rays. In addition, polydopamine contains a large number of catechol groups, which can efficiently capture and quench free radicals generated by ultraviolet radiation, thereby blocking the photo-oxidative aging chain reaction of the coating, significantly delaying coating chalking and yellowing, and improving the coating's anti-aging effect. This effectively improves the coating's weather resistance in outdoor high ultraviolet radiation environments (such as high-altitude areas) and prevents the decrease in hydrophobicity and coating cracking caused by long-term sun exposure.

[0020] 3. This invention uses diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, modified tetrahydroxy polyol, and 4,4'-di-tert-butylaminodiphenylmethane as raw materials for formulation design, and introduces modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol. The modified bisphenol A polyether polyol works synergistically with the polyurea hard segment, maintaining a certain degree of flexibility while significantly improving the mechanical strength and tear resistance of the coating. This allows it to remain intact and crack-free on the surface of the porcelain insulator even when subjected to long-term wind and sand erosion, alternating hot and cold temperatures, and installation stress. Hydroxyl end-capping is employed. Fluorosiloxanes participate in the construction of the coating network, chemically bonding low surface energy fluorosilicone segments into the coating backbone, which greatly increases the water contact angle of the coating surface and endows it with durable and stable superhydrophobic properties. Combined with the micro-nano rough structure on the coating surface, which is synergistically constructed by functionalized metal-organic framework composites and hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, water droplets roll in a spherical manner on the surface, which can efficiently remove dust, dirt and pre-icing water, achieve self-cleaning, greatly reduce the frequency of manual cleaning, and ensure the electrical safety of insulators in heavily polluted areas. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the manufacturing process of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator used in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this invention.

[0023] The specific components in Example S3 are: diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI, MW=250); polytetrahydrofuran ether diol (PTMG, MW=1000); modified tetrahydroxy specialty polyether polyol (DDTP, MW=292); modified bisphenol A specialty polyether polyol (HP2210, MW=550); 4,4'-di-tert-butylaminodiphenylmethane (6200, MW=310); and hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane (PDSF, MW=13000).

[0024] Example 1: A manufacturing process for a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, referring to... Figure 1 ,include: S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes: S1.1: Add attapulgite to deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, stir to disperse, and let it stand to settle. Soak the precipitate in 0.1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 2 hours at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. Then wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind at 105℃ to obtain pretreated attapulgite. S1.2: Add 0.2 parts by weight of 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid to 20 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide, then stir and mix at 300 rpm for 20 min. Then add 0.3 parts by weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and stir and mix at 300 rpm for 20 min. Then add 0.5 parts by weight of pretreated attapulgite, ultrasonically disperse for 20 min, and then stir and mix for 3 h to obtain a mixed solution. S1.3: The mixed solution was placed in a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 120°C for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 5 min. The precipitate was washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous ethanol, and then centrifuged. The precipitate was dried in a drying oven at 60°C for 12 h to obtain the functionalized metal-organic framework complex. S2: Preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles S2.1: 1 part by weight of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride was added to 30 parts by weight of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.5. The mixture was stirred at 200 rpm for 20 min, then sonicated for 1 h. 0.5 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride was added at 1000 rpm, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 20 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged at 10000 rpm. The precipitate was then washed three times alternately with deionized water and ethanol. Finally, it was vacuum dried at 50 °C to obtain hBN@PDA powder. S2.2: 1 part by weight of hBN@PDA powder was added to 200 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and then ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min. The dispersion was transferred to a three-necked flask, protected with nitrogen, and cooled to 0℃ under ice-water bath conditions. Then, 0.6 parts by weight of aniline monomer was added, and the reaction was continued for 1 h with stirring at 200 rpm. While maintaining ice-water bath conditions, 1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution was added, wherein the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate was 1:1.2. The reaction was stirred at 200 rpm for 6 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was collected by centrifugation, washed three times with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and finally dried under vacuum at 50℃ to obtain hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S2.3: Add 50 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol and 10 parts by weight of dodecyltrimethoxysilane to 100 parts by weight of deionized water, stir and mix for 20 min, then add ammonia water to adjust the pH to 9, then add 20 parts by weight of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, sonicate for 30 min, then react at 40℃ for 3 h, after the reaction is complete, wash 3 times with anhydrous ethanol, filter, and dry in an oven at 100℃ to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles; The specific preparation method of the above-mentioned hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride is as follows: 8 parts by weight of hexagonal boron nitride are dispersed in 150 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L, ultrasonically dispersed for 1 h, and then transferred to a reaction vessel with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. The reaction is carried out at 120 °C for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, the product is naturally cooled. The product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and then washed three times with anhydrous ethanol. After centrifugation, it is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C and dried for 12 h to obtain hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride. S3: Preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coatings S3.1: 45 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, 0.2 parts by weight of modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, 2.5 parts by weight of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and 4 parts by weight of hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane were placed in a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under vacuum conditions, the mixture was dehydrated at 110°C for 2 hours, then kept at 50°C for 30 minutes. Then, 35 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were added, and the mixture was stirred and mixed at 300 rpm for 20 minutes. The temperature was then raised to 80°C to continue the reaction. During the reaction, the concentration of NCO in the prepolymer was measured. When the content reached the predetermined standard of 10%, the reaction was stopped, and a prepolymer mixture was obtained. S3.2: Add chain extender 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane to the prepolymer mixture according to the molar ratio R=1.05, and mix for 10 min at 60℃ and 500 rpm to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution. S3.3: Mix 8 parts by weight of functionalized metal-organic framework composite and 3 parts by weight of pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles with 70 parts by weight of butyl acetate, add 1 part by weight of dispersant BYK-163 and 1 part by weight of leveling agent BYK-333, and ultrasonically disperse for 10 min. Then add 40 parts by weight of hydrophobic mixed solution and disperse at 1000 r / min for 2 min. Then add 0.5 parts by weight of defoamer BYK-024 and disperse at 200 rpm for 10 min to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating. S4: Preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators S4.1: Mix 80 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol with 5 parts by weight of deionized water, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.5, then add 5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 at 300 rpm, stir and mix for 30 min, then let stand for 1 h to obtain a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550. S4.2: Spray the KH-550 mixture of silane coupling agent onto the surface of the high-alumina porcelain insulator body, then place it at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then treat it at 90°C for 1 hour to obtain a pretreated porcelain insulator. Then, use a coater to apply a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating to the surface of the pretreated porcelain insulator, cure it naturally for 2 hours, and then treat it under vacuum at 50°C for 48 hours to obtain the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. S4.3: The lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator body is glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain the lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator.

[0025] Example 2, a manufacturing process for a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, see [link to example]. Figure 1 ,include: S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes: S1.1: Add attapulgite to deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:22, stir to disperse, and let it stand to settle. Soak the precipitate in 0.1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 3 hours at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:22. Then wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind at 110℃ to obtain pretreated attapulgite. S1.2: Add 0.4 parts by weight of 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid to 30 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide, then stir and mix at 500 rpm for 30 min. Then add 0.5 parts by weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and stir and mix at 500 rpm for 30 min. Then add 1 part by weight of pretreated attapulgite, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, and then stir and mix for 5 h to obtain a mixed solution. S1.3: The mixed solution was placed in a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 130°C for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 8 minutes. The precipitate was washed 5 times with N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous ethanol, and then centrifuged. The precipitate was dried in a drying oven at 70°C for 14 hours to obtain the functionalized metal-organic framework complex.

[0026] S2: Preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles S2.1: Two parts by weight of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride were added to 40 parts by weight of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.5. The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 30 min and then sonicated for 2 h. 0.8 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride were added at 1200 rpm and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm and the precipitate was washed 5 times alternately with deionized water and ethanol. Finally, the precipitate was dried under vacuum at 60 °C to obtain hBN@PDA powder. S2.2: Add 2 parts by weight of hBN@PDA powder to 230 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, then sonicate for 30 min. Transfer the dispersion to a three-necked flask, purge with nitrogen, and cool to 5°C in an ice-water bath. Then add 0.8 parts by weight of aniline monomer and continue the reaction for 2 h with stirring at 300 rpm. While maintaining the ice-water bath conditions, add 1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution, where the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate is 1:1.2. Stir at 300 rpm for 8 h. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge to collect the product, wash it 5 times with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and finally vacuum dry at 60°C to obtain hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S2.3: Add 60 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol and 15 parts by weight of dodecyltrimethoxysilane to 120 parts by weight of deionized water, stir and mix for 30 min, then add ammonia water to adjust the pH to 10, then add 30 parts by weight of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, sonicate for 40 min, then react at 50℃ for 4 h, after the reaction is completed, wash 5 times with anhydrous ethanol, filter, and dry in an oven at 100℃ to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles; The specific preparation method of the above-mentioned hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride is as follows: 12 parts by weight of hexagonal boron nitride are dispersed in 200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 10 mol / L, ultrasonically dispersed for 2 hours, and then transferred to a reaction vessel with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. The reaction is carried out at 130°C for 24 hours. After the reaction is completed, the product is naturally cooled. The product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and then washed 5 times with anhydrous ethanol. After centrifugation, it is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 80°C and dried for 24 hours to obtain hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride. S3: Preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coatings S3.1: 46 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, 0.3 parts by weight of modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, 3 parts by weight of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and 5 parts by weight of hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane were placed in a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under vacuum conditions, the mixture was dehydrated at 115°C for 3 hours, then kept at 60°C for 40 minutes. Then, 36 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 30 minutes. The temperature was then raised to 82°C to continue the reaction. During the reaction, the concentration of NCO in the prepolymer was measured. When the content reached the predetermined standard of 10%, the reaction was stopped, and a prepolymer mixture was obtained. S3.2: Add chain extender 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane to the prepolymer mixture according to the molar ratio R=1.05, and mix for 15 min at 70℃ and 800 rpm to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution. S3.3: Mix 10 parts by weight of functionalized metal-organic framework composite and 5 parts by weight of pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles with 80 parts by weight of butyl acetate, add 2 parts by weight of dispersant BYK-110 and 2 parts by weight of leveling agent BYK-306, and ultrasonically disperse for 20 min. Then add 50 parts by weight of hydrophobic mixed solution and disperse at 1200 r / min for 3 min. Then add 1 part by weight of defoamer BYK-066N and disperse at 300 rpm for 20 min to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating. S4: Preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators S4.1: Mix 90 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol with 10 parts by weight of deionized water, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5.5, then add 10 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 at 500 rpm, stir and mix for 60 min, then let stand for 2 h to obtain a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550. S4.2: Spray the KH-550 mixture of silane coupling agent onto the surface of the high-alumina porcelain insulator body, then place it at room temperature for 40 minutes, and then treat it at 100℃ for 2 hours to obtain a pretreated porcelain insulator. Then, use a coater to apply a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating to the surface of the pretreated porcelain insulator, cure it naturally for 3 hours, and then treat it under vacuum at 60℃ for 50 hours to obtain the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. S4.3: The lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator body is glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain the lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator.

[0027] Example 3: A manufacturing process for a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, see [link to example]. Figure 1 ,include: S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes: S1.1: Add attapulgite to deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:21, stir to disperse, and let it settle. Soak the precipitate in 0.1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 2.5 h at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:21. Then wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind at 107.5℃ to obtain pretreated attapulgite. S1.2: Add 0.3 parts by weight of 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid to 25 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide, then stir and mix at 400 rpm for 25 min. Then add 0.4 parts by weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and stir and mix at 400 rpm for 25 min. Then add 0.75 parts by weight of pretreated attapulgite, ultrasonically disperse for 25 min, and then stir and mix for 4 h to obtain a mixed solution. S1.3: The mixed solution was placed in a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 125°C for 6.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 6.5 min. The precipitate was washed four times with N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous ethanol, and then centrifuged. The precipitate was dried in a drying oven at 65°C for 13 h to obtain the functionalized metal-organic framework complex.

[0028] S2: Preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles S2.1: 1.5 parts by weight of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride were added to 35 parts by weight of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH=8.5. The mixture was stirred at 250 rpm for 25 min and then sonicated for 1.5 h. 0.65 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride were added at 1100 rpm and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 22 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged at 11000 rpm and the precipitate was washed four times with deionized water and ethanol alternately. Finally, the precipitate was dried under vacuum at 55 °C to obtain hBN@PDA powder. S2.2: 1.5 parts by weight of hBN@PDA powder were added to 215 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and then ultrasonically dispersed for 25 min. The dispersion was transferred to a three-necked flask, protected with nitrogen, and cooled to 2.5 °C under ice-water bath conditions. Then, 0.7 parts by weight of aniline monomer were added, and the reaction was continued for 1.5 h with stirring at 250 rpm. While maintaining ice-water bath conditions, 1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution was added, wherein the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate was 1:1.2. The reaction was stirred at 250 rpm for 7 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was collected by centrifugation, washed 4 times with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and finally dried under vacuum at 55 °C to obtain hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S2.3: Add 55 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol and 12.5 parts by weight of dodecyltrimethoxysilane to 110 parts by weight of deionized water, stir and mix for 25 min, then add ammonia water to adjust the pH to 9.5, then add 25 parts by weight of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, sonicate for 35 min, then react at 45℃ for 3.5 h, after the reaction is complete, wash 4 times with anhydrous ethanol, filter, and dry in an oven at 100℃ to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles; The specific preparation method of the above-mentioned hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride is as follows: 10 parts by weight of hexagonal boron nitride are dispersed in 175 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 7.5 mol / L, and ultrasonically dispersed for 1.5 h. Then, the product is transferred to a reaction vessel with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner and reacted at 125 °C for 18 h. After the reaction is completed, the product is naturally cooled, and the product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the pH is 7.0. Then, it is washed 4 times with anhydrous ethanol, centrifuged, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 °C for 18 h to obtain hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride. S3: Preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coatings S3.1: 45.5 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, 0.25 parts by weight of modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, 2.75 parts by weight of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and 4.5 parts by weight of hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane were placed in a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and dehydrated at 112.5°C for 2.5 h under vacuum. Then, the mixture was kept at 55°C for 35 min. Next, 35.5 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were added and stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. Then, the temperature was raised to 81°C and the reaction continued. During the reaction, the concentration of NCO in the prepolymer was measured. When the content reached the predetermined standard of 10%, the reaction was stopped, and a prepolymer mixture was obtained. S3.2: Add chain extender 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane to the prepolymer mixture according to the molar ratio R=1.05, and mix for 12.5 min at 65℃ and 650 rpm to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution. S3.3: Mix 9 parts by weight of functionalized metal-organic framework composite and 4 parts by weight of pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles with 75 parts by weight of butyl acetate, add 1.5 parts by weight of dispersant BYK-163 and 1.5 parts by weight of leveling agent BYK-306, and ultrasonically disperse for 15 min. Then add 45 parts by weight of hydrophobic mixed solution and disperse at 1100 r / min for 2.5 min. Then add 0.75 parts by weight of defoamer BYK-024 and disperse at 250 rpm for 15 min to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating. S4: Preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators S4.1: Mix 85 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol with 7.5 parts by weight of deionized water, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5, then add 7.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 at 400 rpm, stir and mix for 45 min, then let stand for 1.5 h to obtain a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550. S4.2: Spray the KH-550 mixture of silane coupling agent onto the surface of the high-alumina porcelain insulator body, then place it at room temperature for 35 min, and then treat it at 95℃ for 1.5 h to obtain a pretreated porcelain insulator. Then, use a coater to apply a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating to the surface of the pretreated porcelain insulator, cure it naturally for 2.5 h, and then treat it under vacuum at 55℃ for 49 h to obtain the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. S4.3: The lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator body is glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain the lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that the pretreated attapulgite in steps S1.1 and S1.2 is removed, while the remaining steps remain unchanged in the preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators. This is referred to as Comparative Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the functionalized metal-organic framework composite in steps S1 and S3.3 is removed, while the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare a lightning protection hydrophobic ceramic insulator, and is referred to as Comparative Example 2.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that the pre-treated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles in steps S2 and S3.3 are removed, while the remaining steps remain unchanged in preparing the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator. This is referred to as Comparative Example 3.

[0032] Comparative Example 4 differs from Example 1 in that the modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol in step S3.1 is removed, while the remaining steps remain unchanged in the preparation of lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulators. This is referred to as Comparative Example 4.

[0033] Comparative Example 5 differs from Example 1 in that it uses fluorosiloxane with hydroxyl-terminated ends removed in step S3.1, while the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare a lightning protection hydrophobic ceramic insulator. This is referred to as Comparative Example 5.

[0034] Comparative Example 6 differs from Example 1 in that the functionalized metal-organic framework composite and pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles in steps S1-S2 and S3.3 are removed, while the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator, which is referred to as Comparative Example 6.

[0035] The photothermal de-icing performance of the coatings on the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulators prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 was tested three times, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] The lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator sample was pre-cooled in a low-temperature environment chamber at -10℃ for 2 hours. Then, 10μL of frozen water droplets were prepared on the surface of the sample coating. Under the -10℃ environment, the surface of the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator sample was vertically irradiated by a sunlight simulator. The time (s) required for the frozen water droplets of the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator sample to completely melt and fall off was observed under one sunlight irradiation.

[0037] Table 1. Test results of photothermal de-icing performance of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0038] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, loading the bis(amino) iron-based MOF in situ onto the surface of pretreated attapulgite and combining the two can enable it to convert light energy into heat energy more efficiently under sunlight, thereby improving the photothermal de-icing effect.

[0039] The passive anti-icing performance of the coatings on the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulators prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 was tested three times, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0040] After adding 10 μL of water to the surface of a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator, the insulator was placed in a low-temperature environment chamber. The temperature was lowered from 0°C at a rate of 1°C / min. The process of the water droplet completely freezing was recorded using a digital camera, and the time was recorded using a stopwatch. The temperature at which the water droplet completely froze (freezing temperature) was recorded.

[0041] Table 2. Passive anti-icing performance test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2

[0042] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the coating without functionalized metal-organic framework has a significantly higher freezing temperature than the example, resulting in a shorter freezing delay time. This indicates that the diamino functionalized metal-organic framework can inhibit heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals, thereby reducing the freezing temperature, delaying the freezing time, and endowing the coating with passive anti-icing properties.

[0043] The performance of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3 was tested three times, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0044] Lightning flashover and thermal conductivity test: A standard lightning impulse voltage (1.2 / 50μs waveform) was applied to the insulator sample, and the flashover voltage (50% flashover voltage) was recorded. At the moment of lightning strike, a high-speed infrared thermal imager was used to capture the hot spot temperature on the coating surface, and the highest temperature (°C) on the coating surface after the lightning strike was recorded.

[0045] According to ASTM G154 standard, the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator samples were subjected to ultraviolet aging cycles: ultraviolet irradiation (UVA-340 lamp, 0.89W / m² / nm) for 8 hours (60℃), followed by condensation for 4 hours (50℃), for a total of 1000 hours. The water contact angle retention rate (%) before and after the aging test was recorded.

[0046] Table 3. Performance test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3

[0047] As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the coating lacking hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles showed an increase in the maximum surface temperature after a lightning strike and a significant decrease in the water contact angle retention rate, indicating a sharp decline in UV aging resistance. This proves that the addition of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles to the coating can quickly dissipate the Joule heat generated by the lightning strike, preventing local overheating that could lead to ceramic cracking or coating ablation. It can also reduce the risk of lightning-induced flashover and improve the coating's anti-aging effect.

[0048] The mechanical properties of the lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator coatings prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 4 were measured three times, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0049] Tensile strength and elongation at break were tested according to GB / T528-2009 standard.

[0050] Table 4. Results of mechanical property testing for Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 4

[0051] As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the mechanical properties decreased after the modified bisphenol A polyether polyol was removed, indicating that the addition of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol can improve the mechanical strength of the coating.

[0052] The hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties of the lightning protection hydrophobic ceramic insulator coatings prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 5-6 were tested three times, and the average value was taken. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0053] The static water contact angle of the coating surface was measured using a contact angle meter; simulated dust (1g of silica powder) was evenly sprinkled on the surface of the lightning protection hydrophobic ceramic insulator coating, the sample was tilted to 10°, and rinsed with a micro-flow of water at 30mm / min for 30s, and the dust was observed to be carried away by the water droplets.

[0054] Table 5. Results of hydrophobicity and self-cleaning tests in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 5-6

[0055] As can be seen from the data in Table 5, the water contact angle of the coating decreased significantly after the hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane was missing, and the self-cleaning ability was lost. This proves that fluorosiloxane is the key to constructing a durable superhydrophobic surface. Furthermore, the data in Comparative Example 6 shows that the addition of functionalized metal-organic framework composites and hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles can effectively improve the self-cleaning effect.

[0056] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims. Parts not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A manufacturing process for a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, characterized in that, include: S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes; First, attapulgite was pretreated with acid, then mixed with 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid and ferric chloride hexahydrate, and then hydrothermally synthesized after ultrasonic dispersion and long-term stirring to obtain a functionalized metal-organic framework complex. S2: Preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles; First, hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride was dispersed in Tris-HCl buffer, and dopamine hydrochloride was added to react. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, hBN@PDA powder was obtained. Then, it was dispersed in hydrochloric acid solution, protected with nitrogen gas and cooled. Aniline monomer was added to react, and ammonium persulfate solution was added to continue the reaction. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles were obtained. Finally, hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles were mixed with deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, and dodecyltrimethoxysilane. After adjusting the pH, the mixture was sonicated, reacted, washed, and dried to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S3: Preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coating; Polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane were vacuum dehydrated, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added to react until the NCO concentration reached the standard to obtain a prepolymer mixture; a chain extender was added and stirred to obtain a hydrophobic mixed solution; functionalized metal-organic framework composite, pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, butyl acetate, dispersant, and leveling agent were mixed and ultrasonically added, and the hydrophobic mixed solution and defoamer were added for dispersion to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating; S4: Preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators; Anhydrous ethanol and deionized water were mixed, the pH was adjusted, and then silane coupling agent KH-550 was added and stirred until it stood to obtain a silane coupling agent mixture. This mixture was sprayed onto the surface of a high-alumina porcelain insulator body, and after being placed at room temperature and subjected to constant temperature treatment, a pretreated porcelain insulator was obtained. After being coated with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating and cured, it was subjected to vacuum treatment to obtain a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. The lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body was glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator.

2. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1: Preparation of functionalized metal-organic framework complexes, specifically including the following steps: S1.1: Add attapulgite to deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-22, stir to disperse, and let it settle. Soak the precipitate in 0.1mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid for 2-3 hours at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20-22. Then wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind at 105-110℃ to obtain pretreated attapulgite. S1.2: Add 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid to 20-30 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylformamide, then stir and mix at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 min. Then add 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of ferric chloride hexahydrate, and stir and mix at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 min. Then add 0.5-1 parts by weight of pretreated attapulgite, ultrasonically disperse for 20-30 min, and then stir and mix for 3-5 h to obtain a mixed solution. S1.3: Place the mixed solution in a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, and then react at 120-130℃ for 5-8 hours. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge the reaction solution at 8000-10000 rpm for 5-8 minutes. Wash the precipitate 3-5 times with N,N-dimethylformamide and anhydrous ethanol, and centrifuge again. Place the precipitate in a drying oven at 60-70℃ and dry for 12-14 hours to obtain the functionalized metal-organic framework complex.

3. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2: The preparation and pretreatment of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles specifically includes the following steps: S2.1: Add 1-2 parts by weight of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride to 30-40 parts by weight of 10 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer solution, pH=8.5, then stir and mix at 200-300 rpm for 20-30 min, then sonicate for 1-2 h, add 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride at 1000-1200 rpm, and react at room temperature for 20-24 h. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge at 10000-12000 rpm, then wash the precipitate with deionized water and ethanol alternately 3-5 times, and finally vacuum dry at 50-60℃ to obtain hBN@PDA powder; S2.2: Add 1-2 parts by weight of hBN@PDA powder to 200-230 parts by weight of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, then sonicate for 20-30 min. Transfer the dispersion to a three-necked flask, purge with nitrogen, and cool to 0-5℃ in an ice-water bath. Then add 0.6-0.8 parts by weight of aniline monomer and continue the reaction for 1-2 h with stirring at 200-300 rpm. While maintaining the ice-water bath conditions, add 1 mol / L ammonium persulfate solution and stir at 200-300 rpm for 6-8 h. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge to collect the product, wash with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol 3-5 times in sequence, and finally vacuum dry at 50-60℃ to obtain hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles. S2.3: Add 50-60 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol and 10-15 parts by weight of dodecyltrimethoxysilane to 100-120 parts by weight of deionized water, stir and mix for 20-30 min, then add ammonia water to adjust the pH to 9-10, then add 20-30 parts by weight of hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles, sonicate for 30-40 min, then react at 40-50℃ for 3-4 h. After the reaction is complete, wash with anhydrous ethanol 3-5 times, filter, and dry in an oven at 100℃ to obtain pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles.

4. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.2, the molar ratio of aniline to ammonium persulfate is 1:1.

2.

5. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride in step S2.1 is as follows: 8-12 parts by weight of hexagonal boron nitride are dispersed in 150-200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5-10 mol / L, and ultrasonically dispersed for 1-2 hours. Then, the product is transferred to a reaction vessel lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and reacted at 120-130℃ for 12-24 hours. After the reaction is completed, the product is naturally cooled. The product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the pH reaches 7.0, and then washed 3-5 times with anhydrous ethanol. After centrifugation, the product is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride.

6. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3: The preparation of self-cleaning hydrophobic coatings includes the following steps: S3.1: Place 45-46 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of modified tetrahydroxy special polyether polyol, 2.5-3 parts by weight of modified bisphenol A special polyether polyol, and 4-5 parts by weight of hydroxyl-terminated fluorosiloxane into a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Under vacuum conditions, dehydrate at 110-115℃ for 2-3 hours. Then, keep warm at 50-60℃ for 30-40 minutes. Next, add 35-36 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and stir at 300-500 rpm for 20-30 minutes. Then, raise the temperature to 80-82℃ to continue the reaction. During the reaction, measure the concentration of NCO in the prepolymer. When the content reaches the predetermined standard of 10%, the reaction is stopped, and a prepolymer mixture is obtained. S3.2: Add chain extender to prepolymer mixture according to molar ratio R=1.05, mix at 60-70℃ and 500-800rpm for 10-15min to obtain hydrophobic mixed solution; S3.3: Mix 8-10 parts by weight of functionalized metal-organic framework composite and 3-5 parts by weight of pretreated hBN@PDA@PANI composite particles with 70-80 parts by weight of butyl acetate, add 1-2 parts by weight of dispersant and 1-2 parts by weight of leveling agent, and ultrasonically disperse for 10-20 min. Then add 40-50 parts by weight of hydrophobic mixed solution and disperse at 1000-1200 r / min for 2-3 min. Then add 0.5-1 parts by weight of defoamer and disperse at 200-300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating.

7. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The chain extender in step S3.2 is specifically 4,4'-bis-sec-butylaminodiphenylmethane.

8. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dispersant in step S3.3 is specifically one of BYK-163, BYK-110, and Disperbyk-190; the leveling agent is specifically one of BYK-333 and BYK-306; and the defoamer is specifically one of BYK-024 and BYK-066N.

9. The manufacturing process of a lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4: The preparation of lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulators includes the following steps: S4.1: Mix 80-90 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol with 5-10 parts by weight of deionized water, then add glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, then add 5-10 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 at 300-500 rpm, stir and mix for 30-60 min, then let stand for 1-2 h to obtain a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550. S4.2: Spray the KH-550 mixture of silane coupling agent onto the surface of the high-alumina porcelain insulator body, then place it at room temperature for 30-40 minutes, and then treat it at 90-100℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a pretreated porcelain insulator. Then, use a coater to apply a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating to the surface of the pretreated porcelain insulator, cure it naturally for 2-3 hours, and then treat it under vacuum at 50-60℃ for 48-50 hours to obtain the lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator body. S4.3: The lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator body is glued to the upper and lower fittings to obtain the lightning protection and water-repellent porcelain insulator.

10. A lightning protection and hydrophobic porcelain insulator, characterized in that, It is prepared by the manufacturing process of a lightning protection hydrophobic porcelain insulator as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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