A transverse bulk grain storage cave in a mountain
By installing water collection square pipes and vertical drainage pipes in the horizontal bulk grain storage caves inside the mountain, the problem of damage to traditional waterproofing methods under high water pressure is solved, achieving long-term waterproofing stability and efficient drainage, thus ensuring grain quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN UNIV OF TECH DESIGN & RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Traditional waterproofing methods for grain storage caves inside mountains cannot meet long-term waterproofing requirements, and they are easily damaged, especially under high water pressure, leading to grain quality problems.
The waterproofing method adopts a diversion approach, which forms a multi-layer water collection structure by setting up water collection square pipes and vertical drainage pipes in the waterproof structural layer. The plastic waterproof board layer blocks the water flow, the water collection square pipes collect the water and discharge it through the vertical drainage pipes, and the drainage is centralized by combining the drainage main pipes of the corridor and grain outlet channel.
It achieves long-term waterproof stability, reduces the maintenance workload of the waterproof structural layer, prevents grain from molding and rotting, and improves waterproof efficiency and structural tightness.
Smart Images
Figure CN122215564A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a transverse bulk grain storage cave within a mountain. Background Technology
[0002] Food security is the bottom line of national security, and mountain cave warehouses are the "life-saving warehouses" for strategic grain reserves. Their ability to resist risks is irreplaceable by other types of warehouses. They have advantages such as being able to withstand extreme natural disasters, being concealed and having strong shock resistance, having good temperature control, having a long storage period, being energy-saving and environmentally friendly, having low operating costs, and saving land resources.
[0003] Traditional grain storage caves within mountains are mostly converted from natural caves or abandoned mine shafts. The applicant of this application proposes a transverse bulk grain storage cave directly excavated within a mountain. The cave extends laterally along the mountainside and is essentially on the same horizontal plane, reaching lengths of tens of meters. Because this transverse bulk grain storage cave is located within a mountain, waterproofing becomes a challenge. Due to its depth within the mountain and the high water pressure, traditional waterproofing methods are insufficient, especially for long-term waterproofing. Traditional sealing-type waterproofing structures are easily damaged under high water pressure, leading to leakage and affecting grain quality. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a transverse bulk grain storage cave within a mountain. This invention addresses this unique type of cave by employing a water-draining method to significantly improve its waterproofing performance, particularly ensuring long-term waterproofing stability, thereby meeting the needs of long-term strategic grain reserves.
[0005] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within the mountain includes:
[0006] A corridor extends along the length of the mountain and is located within the mountain, with the corridor situated on the side closest to the width of the mountain, and at least one end of the corridor is connected to the atmosphere outside the mountain.
[0007] Multiple grain storage silos extend along a vertical corridor. Grain outlet channels are located at the bottom of each silo, extending along the length of the silo. One end of each outlet channel connects to the corridor on the same side. A waterproof structural layer is installed on the sidewalls of the silos. This waterproof structural layer comprises, sequentially from the mountainside towards the center of the silo, a fine aggregate concrete layer, a primary concrete lining layer, a secondary concrete lining layer, and a plastic waterproof membrane layer. Water collection square pipes and vertical drainage pipes are embedded within the waterproof structural layer. Multiple water collection square pipes are simultaneously connected to the vertical drainage pipes. These multiple water collection square pipes are spaced parallel to each other in the vertical direction and are inclined from one end to the other. The upper surface of each water collection square pipe has multiple evenly distributed water collection holes, which are connected to the interior of the water collection square pipe. A main drainage pipe is connected to each other within the corridor and each grain outlet channel. The vertical drainage pipes are connected to the main drainage pipe.
[0008] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: During use, water within the mountain is first blocked to a certain extent by the waterproof structural layer, with the plastic waterproof membrane layer completely blocking it. This effectively intercepts the water before it reaches the plastic waterproof membrane layer, causing it to be trapped within or between the concrete layers. As the water flows downwards within the waterproof structural layer, it is collected by the water collection square pipes spaced vertically within the layer and discharged into the main drainage pipe via vertical drainage pipes. Since the water collection square pipes are distributed in multiple layers, a multi-layered water collection structure is formed, allowing dispersed water to be concentrated in the vertical drainage pipes. The drainage square pipes, acting as water collection pipes, can cover as many concrete layers as possible within the waterproof structural layer, utilizing a larger upper surface area to increase the surface area for contacting and collecting water, thereby improving water collection efficiency. Therefore, the transverse bulk grain storage caverns within mountains provided in this application employ a long transverse layout within the mountain and a structure that connects centrally with corridors. This allows for centralized ventilation and grain loading / unloading, while also facilitating centralized drainage. Since these caverns are located inside the mountain, typically near the foot of the mountain, where the upper slope is high, the internal water pressure is inevitably high when it cannot penetrate the plastic waterproof membrane layer. If this pressure cannot be released, prolonged pressure will inevitably damage the plastic waterproof membrane layer, leading to widespread waterproofing failures and extensive mold and spoilage of the grain. This application addresses this by setting up a waterproof structural layer and utilizing the water-collecting effect generated during the interception of water flow within the waterproof structural layer. Furthermore, the water is collected and centrally drained using water-collecting square pipes and vertical drainage pipes installed within the waterproof structural layer. The collected water is then centrally discharged from the mountain via the main drainage pipes arranged within the corridors and grain loading / unloading channels. This fundamentally solves the long-term waterproofing problem of transverse bulk grain storage caverns within mountains, achieving long-term waterproofing and reducing the maintenance workload of the waterproof structural layer.
[0009] Based on the above solution, further improvements are made as follows: the length of the cross-section of the water collection square pipe extends along the thickness direction of the waterproof structural layer, and multiple rows of water collection holes are provided along the length of the cross-section of the water collection square pipe. The extension of the cross-section of the water collection square pipe along the thickness direction of the waterproof structural layer serves two purposes: firstly, it can collect water between the various layers of the fine aggregate concrete layer, the initial concrete lining layer, and the secondary concrete lining layer, increasing the contact area and collection efficiency; secondly, when the water collection square pipe penetrates each layer, it forms a connecting framework between the layers, ensuring a tighter connection and preventing significant delamination due to water. Furthermore, the multiple rows of water collection holes further improve the efficiency of water entering the water collection square pipe, preventing water loss.
[0010] Based on the above solution, further improvements are made as follows: A water collection trough is provided on the upper surface of the water collection square tube corresponding to multiple rows of water collection holes. The water collection trough extends along the length of the water collection square tube, and the water collection holes are located within the water collection trough. The water collection trough design improves water collection efficiency on the upper surface of the water collection square tube, and also prevents water collection in the corresponding area from being affected by blockages in individual water collection holes. When a water collection hole is blocked, the water will bypass the blocked hole and continue flowing along the water collection trough to other water collection holes.
[0011] Based on the above scheme, further improvements are made as follows: the water collection hole is a conical hole, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. During concrete pouring, the conical hole is sealed with a conical wax block. The combination of the conical hole and the conical wax block prevents the wax block from falling directly into the water collection pipe and affecting the sealing of the water collection hole during pouring, thus avoiding the problem of concrete flowing into the water collection pipe. Furthermore, the wax block protects the water collection hole, preventing liquid concrete from flowing into the water collection pipe and sealing the hole during pouring. It also facilitates the subsequent melting of the wax block by heating after the concrete has solidified, allowing it to leak out of the water collection hole for easier water collection later.
[0012] Based on the above solution, further improvements are made as follows: the wax block has a conical support base, and the lower part of the support base has a wax outlet that connects to the interior of the water collection square pipe, allowing the melted wax block to flow into the water collection square pipe. The support base facilitates the connection between the wax block and the water collection hole, and also prevents the wax block from breaking during concrete pouring and vibration, and from entering the water collection square pipe if the wax block breaks, thus providing a certain degree of protection for the wax block.
[0013] Based on the above scheme, further improvements are made as follows: the lower part of the support base has a protrusion extending into the water collection square pipe. The wax outlet includes a first wax outlet located on the upper step of the protrusion and a second wax outlet located at the bottom of the protrusion. The protrusion provides a stronger bond between the support base and the wall of the water collection hole, preventing the support base from detaching from the corresponding water collection hole due to vibrations during concrete compaction or pouring. It also facilitates the installation of the first and second wax outlets. The first wax outlet is primarily for the wax block to melt and flow away as heat is released during concrete solidification. The second wax outlet facilitates the flow away of any remaining melted wax block when hot air or hot water is subsequently passed back into the water collection square pipe.
[0014] Based on the above scheme, further improvements are made as follows: the aspect ratio of the cross-section of the water collection square pipe is ≥10. This type of square pipe maximizes the water-receiving area while minimizing its height.
[0015] Based on the above scheme, the following improvements are made: the plastic waterproof membrane layer and the concrete secondary lining layer are connected by evenly distributed bolts. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the transverse bulk grain storage caverns within the mountain, as described in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view at EE; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of a transverse bulk grain storage cave after the sidewall has been cut along a plane parallel to the sidewall. In the diagram: 1-mountain, 2-corridor, 3-working tower, 4-grain storage silo, 41-grain inlet channel, 42-grain outlet channel, 5-waterproof structural layer, 51-fine stone concrete layer, 52-concrete primary lining layer, 53-concrete secondary lining layer, 54-plastic waterproof board layer, 55-bolt, 56-mortar anchor, 57-reinforcing bar, 6-water collection square pipe, 61-water collection trough, 62-water collection hole, 63-support base, 631-first wax outlet, 632-second wax outlet, 633-protrusion, 64-wax block, 7-vertical drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.
[0019] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0020] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.
[0021] A specific embodiment of the transverse bulk grain storage cavern within the mountain of the present invention: as follows Figure 1-6 As shown, the transverse bulk grain storage caverns inside the mountain include a passageway 2 and multiple grain storage silos 4.
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the corridor 2 extends along the length of the mountain 1 and is located inside the mountain 1. The corridor 2 is set on the side closer to the width of the mountain 1. At least one end of the corridor 2 is connected to the atmosphere outside the mountain 1, and the other end of the corridor 2 is connected to the external working tower 3.
[0023] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, multiple grain storage silos 4 extend along the direction of the vertical corridor 2. A grain outlet channel 42 is provided at the lower part of each grain storage silo 4, extending along the length of the silo 4. One end of each outlet channel 42 on the same side connects to the corridor 2. A waterproof structural layer 5 is provided on the side wall of each grain storage silo 4. The waterproof structural layer 5 includes a fine stone concrete layer 51, a primary concrete lining layer 52, a secondary concrete lining layer 53, and a plastic waterproof board layer 54, arranged sequentially from the mountain 1 towards the center of the grain storage silo 4. The structural layer 5 is pre-embedded with water collection square pipes 6 and vertical drainage pipes 7. The water collection square pipes 6 include multiple pipes that are simultaneously connected to the vertical drainage pipes 7. The multiple water collection square pipes 6 are arranged parallel to each other in the vertical direction and are inclined from one end to the other. The upper surface of the water collection square pipes 6 has multiple evenly distributed water collection holes 62. The water collection holes 62 are connected to the interior of the water collection square pipes 6. The corridor 2 and each grain outlet channel 42 are equipped with interconnected drainage main pipes. The vertical drainage pipes 7 are connected to the drainage main pipes.
[0024] like Figure 3 , 4As shown, the cross-section of the water-collecting square pipe 6 extends along the thickness direction of the waterproof structural layer 5, and multiple rows of water-collecting holes 62 are provided along the length direction of the cross-section of the water-collecting square pipe 6. The extension of the cross-section of the water-collecting square pipe 6 along the thickness direction of the waterproof structural layer 5 serves two purposes: firstly, it can collect water between the layers of the fine stone concrete layer 51, the initial concrete lining layer 52, and the secondary concrete lining layer 53, increasing the contact area and collection efficiency; secondly, when the water-collecting square pipe 6 penetrates each layer, it forms a connecting framework between the layers, ensuring a tighter connection and preventing significant delamination due to water. The multiple rows of water-collecting holes 62 further improve the efficiency of water entering the water-collecting square pipe 6, preventing water loss. The aspect ratio of the cross-section of the water-collecting square pipe 6 is ≥10. This square pipe maximizes the water-collecting area while minimizing its height. The plastic waterproof board layer 54 is connected to the secondary concrete lining layer 53 by evenly distributed bolts.
[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, a water collection trough 61 is provided on the upper surface of the water collection square tube 6 corresponding to multiple rows of water collection holes 62. The water collection trough 61 extends along the length of the water collection square tube 6, and the water collection holes 62 are located within the water collection trough 61. The water collection trough 61 improves the water collection effect on the upper surface of the water collection square tube 6, resulting in higher water collection efficiency. It also prevents water collection in the corresponding area from being affected by blockage of individual water collection holes 62. When a water collection hole 62 is blocked, the water will bypass the blocked water collection hole 62 and continue to flow along the water collection trough 61 to other water collection holes 62.
[0026] like Figure 5As shown, the water collection hole 62 is a conical hole, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. During concrete pouring, the conical hole is sealed with a conical wax block 64. The conical hole and the conical wax block 64 work together to prevent the wax block 64 from falling directly into the water collection pipe 6, thus avoiding the problem of concrete flowing into the water collection pipe 6. The wax block 64 protects the water collection hole 62, preventing liquid concrete from flowing into the water collection pipe 6 during pouring and sealing the hole. It also facilitates the subsequent melting of the wax block 64 by heating after the concrete has solidified, allowing it to leak out of the water collection hole 62 for easier water collection. The wax block 64 has a conical support 63, with a wax outlet at the bottom. This outlet connects to the interior of the water collection pipe 6, allowing the melted wax block 64 to flow into the water collection pipe 6. The support base 63 facilitates the connection between the wax block 64 and the water collection hole 62, and also prevents the wax block 64 from breaking during concrete pouring and vibration, and from entering the water collection square pipe 6 after breaking, thus providing a certain degree of protection for the wax block 64. The lower part of the support base 63 has a protrusion 633 that extends into the water collection square pipe 6, and the wax outlet includes a first wax outlet 631 located on the upper step of the protrusion 633 and a second wax outlet 632 located at the bottom of the protrusion 633. The protrusion 633 serves two purposes: firstly, it strengthens the bond between the support 63 and the wall of the water collection hole 62, preventing the support 63 from detaching from the corresponding water collection hole 62 due to vibrations during concrete compaction or pouring; secondly, it facilitates the installation of the first wax outlet 631 and the second wax outlet 632. The first wax outlet 631 is mainly used to allow some of the wax block 64 to melt and flow away after being heated during concrete solidification. The second wax outlet 632 facilitates the flow away of the remaining melted wax block 64 when hot air or hot water is subsequently circulated back into the water collection square pipe 6.
[0027] During the construction of the initial concrete lining layer 52, the secondary concrete lining layer 53, and the water collection square pipe 6, the molds for the initial concrete lining layer 52 are first set up, and the water collection square pipes 6 are also supported and fixed in their designated positions while the molds are being erected. Then, the initial concrete lining layer 52 is poured. After the initial concrete lining layer 52 has solidified, the corresponding molds are removed. At this point, since part of the water collection square pipe 6 has been fixed by the solidified initial concrete lining layer 52, the supports for the corresponding water collection square pipe 6 can be directly removed, avoiding the supports being sealed inside the secondary concrete lining layer 53 and thus unable to be removed. That is, setting up the initial concrete lining layer 52 and the secondary concrete lining layer 53 to be poured in two stages facilitates the construction of the water collection square pipe 6, especially ensuring that the supports for the water collection square pipe 6 can be removed smoothly. Moreover, since there will be gaps at the interface between the initial concrete lining layer 52 and the secondary concrete lining layer 53 due to the different pouring times, these gaps serve as the main water storage gaps, ensuring that water can more easily flow along the gaps into the water collection square pipe 6 spanning the two layers, thus facilitating efficient water collection.
[0028] During use, the water inside the hill 1 is first blocked to a certain extent by the waterproof structural layer 5, of which the plastic waterproof board layer 54 can completely block it, which is equivalent to intercepting the water before the plastic waterproof board layer 54, causing the water to be trapped in its concrete layer or between layers. As the water flows from top to bottom in the waterproof structural layer 5, it is collected by the water collection square pipes 6 that are set at intervals in the upper and lower parts of the waterproof structural layer 5 and discharged into the main drainage pipe through the vertical drainage pipe 7, and then discharged in a concentrated manner. Since the water collection square pipes 6 are distributed in multiple layers, a multi-layer water collection structure can be formed, so that the dispersed water can be concentrated into the vertical drainage pipe 7. The drainage square pipe, as a water collection pipe, can cover all the concrete layers of the entire waterproof structural layer 5 as much as possible, and use the larger upper surface area to increase the surface area for contacting and collecting water, thereby improving the efficiency of water collection. Therefore, the transverse bulk grain storage caverns within the mountain 1 provided in this application adopt a long transverse arrangement within the mountain 1 and a structure that connects centrally with the corridor 2. This allows for centralized ventilation and grain loading / unloading, while also facilitating centralized drainage. Since these caverns are located inside the mountain 1, generally on a plane near the foot of the mountain, and the mountain 1 is quite high, when water cannot penetrate the plastic waterproof membrane layer 54, it will inevitably generate significant water pressure. If this pressure cannot be released, prolonged pressure will inevitably damage the plastic waterproof membrane layer 54, leading to widespread waterproofing problems. The accident caused widespread mold and decay of the grain. This application solves the problem by setting up a waterproof structural layer 5 and utilizing the water flow generated during the interception of water by the waterproof structural layer 5. The water collection square pipe 6 and vertical drainage pipe 7 installed in the waterproof structural layer 5 are used to collect and drain water. Then, the collected water is discharged from the mountain 1 through the drainage main pipe arranged in the corridor 2 and the grain outlet channel 42. This fundamentally solves the long-term waterproofing problem of the horizontal bulk grain storage cave in the mountain 1, achieves the purpose of long-term waterproofing, and reduces the maintenance workload of the waterproof structural layer 5.
[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present invention shall also be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A transverse bulk grain storage cave within a mountain, characterized in that, include: A corridor extends along the length of the mountain and is located within the mountain, with the corridor situated on the side closest to the width of the mountain, and at least one end of the corridor is connected to the atmosphere outside the mountain. Multiple grain storage silos extend along a vertical corridor. Grain outlet channels are located at the bottom of each silo, extending along the length of the silo. One end of each outlet channel connects to the corridor on the same side. A waterproof structural layer is installed on the sidewalls of the silos. This waterproof structural layer comprises, sequentially from the mountainside towards the center of the silo, a fine aggregate concrete layer, a primary concrete lining layer, a secondary concrete lining layer, and a plastic waterproof membrane layer. Water collection square pipes and vertical drainage pipes are embedded within the waterproof structural layer. Multiple water collection square pipes are simultaneously connected to the vertical drainage pipes. These multiple water collection square pipes are spaced parallel to each other in the vertical direction and are inclined from one end to the other. The upper surface of each water collection square pipe has multiple evenly distributed water collection holes, which are connected to the interior of the water collection square pipe. A main drainage pipe is connected to each other within the corridor and each grain outlet channel. The vertical drainage pipes are connected to the main drainage pipe.
2. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the water collection square tube extends along the thickness direction of the waterproof structural layer, and multiple rows of water collection holes are provided along the cross-section of the water collection square tube.
3. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The upper surface of the water collecting square tube is provided with a water collecting groove corresponding to multiple rows of water collecting holes. The water collecting groove extends along the length of the water collecting square tube, and the water collecting holes are located inside the water collecting groove.
4. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection hole is a conical hole that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. When pouring concrete, the conical hole is sealed with a conical wax block.
5. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The wax block has a conical support base, and the lower part of the support base has a wax outlet. The wax outlet is connected to the inside of the water collection square pipe so that the melted wax block can flow into the water collection square pipe.
6. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The lower part of the support has a protrusion that extends into the water collection square tube, and the wax outlet includes a first wax outlet on the upper step of the protrusion and a second wax outlet at the bottom of the protrusion.
7. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the cross-section of the water collection square pipe is ≥10.
8. The transverse bulk grain storage cavern within a mountain as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plastic waterproof membrane layer is connected to the concrete secondary lining layer by evenly distributed bolts.