A bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system and a working method thereof

Abstract

This invention proposes a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system and its operating method, belonging to the field of hydrogen storage technology. It includes a hydrogen storage device, a thermal circulation system, a cold circulation system, a hydrogen control valve, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The hydrogen storage device achieves hydrogen absorption and release through an internal hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage device includes a cylinder and a dividing mesh. The cylinder serves as a container for the hydrogen storage alloy, and the dividing mesh is uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage device. Both the thermal circulation system and the cold circulation system are connected to the hydrogen storage device. The thermal circulation system provides a heat source for the hydrogen release process, and the cold circulation system provides a cold source for the hydrogen filling process. The hydrogen control valve is located between the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, controlling the hydrogen filling and releasing actions of the hydrogen storage device and the direction switching of the filling and releasing ports. This invention achieves a coordinated balance between the hydrogen diffusion path, temperature field, and pressure field, improving the hydrogen filling and releasing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and particularly relates to a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the field of hydrogen storage, current technologies include improving thermal response speed by optimizing heat exchange structures and developing matching coupling technologies for rare earth hydrogen storage materials and solid-state hydrogen storage systems, such as the publicly reported industrialization technology of rare earth-based solid-state hydrogen storage devices; other technologies have developed hydrogen storage tanks with external heat exchange structures and low-pressure vehicle-mounted solid-state hydrogen storage devices, with a core focus on hydrogen storage material preparation and system integration; and still others have achieved hydrogen charging and discharging conversion through multi-chamber valve group switching, but the structure is complex and has not formed a coordinated control of the "temperature field and pressure field".

[0004] The above-mentioned technologies have the following drawbacks: existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices suffer from uneven reaction due to single-end hydrogen charging and discharging, low hydrogen charging and discharging rates, and short material cycle life; in addition, existing technologies such as two-end heat exchange and multi-cavity switching do not achieve the defect of coordinated control of hydrogen diffusion and thermal-pressure field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system and its operating method. By setting up multi-functional integrated interfaces at both ends and constructing a periodic switching control strategy with "temperature-pressure" multi-parameter linkage, the hydrogen diffusion path is dynamically optimized, and the internal temperature and pressure fields of the device are precisely balanced. This significantly improves the hydrogen charging and discharging efficiency and material stability, while simplifying the system structure and reducing control complexity. It solves the problems of existing technologies that do not address the dynamic flow direction switching of the hydrogen charging and discharging interface, do not design a dynamic control mechanism for the hydrogen diffusion balance inside a single hydrogen storage cavity, and have complex structures without forming a coordinated control of the "temperature field-pressure field".

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system, including a hydrogen storage device, a thermal circulation system, a cold circulation system, a hydrogen control valve, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The hydrogen storage device achieves the absorption and release of hydrogen through an internal hydrogen storage alloy; the hydrogen storage device includes a cylinder and a dividing mesh, the cylinder is a container for holding the hydrogen storage alloy, and the dividing mesh is set inside the cylinder, the dividing mesh being evenly arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage device. Both the thermal circulation system and the cold circulation system are connected to the hydrogen storage device. The thermal circulation system provides a heat source for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage device, and the cold circulation system provides a cold source for the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen control valve is located between the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, and controls the hydrogen charging and discharging actions of the hydrogen storage device and the direction switching of the charging and discharging ports. The temperature sensor includes several hydrogen storage device temperature sensors axially arranged inside the hydrogen storage device to detect temperature changes at various points along the axial direction of the device and determine whether there are axial temperature differences and the magnitude of the temperature difference.

[0007] Further technical solutions also include circulation system control valves, which are respectively installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot circulation system and the inlet and outlet sides of the cold circulation system, for controlling the switching of hot and cold circulation media in the hydrogen storage device.

[0008] In a further technical solution, the temperature sensor also includes an inlet water temperature sensor and a return water temperature sensor. The inlet water temperature sensor is located at the circulating liquid inlet of the hydrogen storage device, and the return water temperature sensor is located at the circulating liquid outlet of the hydrogen storage device.

[0009] Further technical solutions also include ball valves, which are installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot and cold circulation systems as manual control valves for the circulation system. Under normal operating conditions, they are normally open and can be manually closed in case of emergency or failure of the circulation system control valve.

[0010] Further technical solutions also include a first shut-off valve and a second shut-off valve, which are respectively located between the first hydrogen inlet / outlet, the second hydrogen inlet / outlet, and the hydrogen supply source, serving as on / off valves for the hydrogen inlet / outlet pipelines.

[0011] Further technical solutions also include several hydrogen storage device pressure sensors, which are respectively arranged in the axial direction inside the hydrogen storage device and in the inlet and outlet pipelines of the hydrogen storage device to monitor the axial pressure distribution and pressure difference of the hydrogen storage device.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the hydrogen control valve includes: a first hydrogen control valve connected between one hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source; a third hydrogen control valve connected between another hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source; and a second and a fourth hydrogen control valve connected in series between two hydrogen inlets / outlets of the hydrogen storage device.

[0013] Secondly, this invention discloses a method for operating a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system, comprising: S1: Determine system operating conditions; If hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen supply end, it enters the hydrogen charging mode; If hydrogen is used at the hydrogen end, it enters the hydrogen release mode; S2: In hydrogen charging mode, perform the following steps: S211: Open the hydrogen control valve to charge the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen, and at the same time open the valve of the cold circulation system; S212: Obtain the first temperature difference based on the values ​​of each temperature sensor. If the first temperature difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen charging operation; otherwise, proceed to the next step of judgment. S213: Obtain the first pressure difference based on the pressure sensor value. If the first pressure difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen charging operation; otherwise, switch the hydrogen control valve. S214: Switch the hydrogen inlet valve, close the first hydrogen control valve, and open the third hydrogen control valve to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform hydrogen charging operation.

[0014] A further technical solution, in hydrogen release mode, involves the following steps: S221: Open the hydrogen control valve to charge the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen, and at the same time open the valve of the thermal circulation system; S222: Obtain the second temperature difference based on the values ​​of each temperature sensor. If the second temperature difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen release operation; otherwise, proceed to the next step of judgment. S223: Obtain the second pressure difference based on the pressure sensor value. If the second pressure difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen release operation; otherwise, switch the hydrogen control valve. S224: Switch the hydrogen control valve, close the fourth hydrogen control valve and open the second hydrogen control valve to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform a hydrogen release operation.

[0015] A further technical solution involves using a hydrogen control valve that switches between hydrogen charging and discharging operations with a fixed number of operations when the system is in a condition without temperature and pressure sensors.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention achieves a coordinated balance between hydrogen diffusion paths, temperature fields, and pressure fields through a periodic interface switching strategy involving multiple parameters such as temperature and pressure, combined with a permeable partition mesh. Compared to existing single heat exchange optimization or fixed-direction hydrogen charging and discharging technologies, it effectively eliminates the "near-end reaction first, far-end reaction later" phenomenon caused by unidirectional diffusion, enabling hydrogen storage materials in each region to participate in hydrogen absorption / discharge reactions simultaneously, balancing internal reactions, and improving hydrogen charging and discharging efficiency.

[0017] This invention periodically changes the hydrogen diffusion direction to avoid the hydrogen storage material being subjected to a unidirectional hydrogen concentration gradient for a long time, thereby reducing microstructural degradation phenomena such as particle agglomeration and phase separation. The flexible heat exchange layer can adapt to the expansion and contraction of the material volume, reducing mechanical stress damage and improving the cycle life of the hydrogen storage material.

[0018] This invention utilizes PLC control technology to automatically adapt control parameters based on the type of hydrogen storage material (such as magnesium-based or rare-earth-based), while simultaneously dynamically adjusting the switching cycle and heat exchange intensity in real time. This adapts to different working conditions, offering flexible, versatile, and highly precise control.

[0019] The balanced temperature and pressure fields of this invention can avoid local overheating or local high pressure, reducing the structural stress of the hydrogen storage tank; the standardized interface and coordinated control of valve group switching reduce pipeline connection nodes, reduce the risk of hydrogen leakage, and improve safety.

[0020] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage device described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the hydrogen charging process control of the hydrogen storage system described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the hydrogen release process control of the hydrogen storage system described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen storage device; 2. Thermal circulation system; 3. Cold circulation system; 4. Hydrogen supply source; 5. Hydrogen consumption end; 6. First hydrogen control valve; 7. Second hydrogen control valve; 8. Third hydrogen control valve; 9. Fourth hydrogen control valve; 10. Solenoid valve of the first circulation system; 11. Solenoid valve of the second circulation system; 12. Solenoid valve of the third circulation system; 13. Solenoid valve of the fourth circulation system; 14. First ball valve; 15. Second ball valve; 16. Third ball valve; 17. Fourth ball valve; 18. First shut-off valve; 19. Second shut-off valve; 20. Inlet water temperature sensor; 21. Return water temperature sensor; 22. Temperature sensor of the first hydrogen storage device. 101. Temperature sensor for the first hydrogen storage device; 23. Temperature sensor for the second hydrogen storage device; 24. Temperature sensor for the third hydrogen storage device; 25. Temperature sensor for the fourth hydrogen storage device; 26. Temperature sensor for the fifth hydrogen storage device; 27. Pressure sensor for the first hydrogen storage device; 28. Pressure sensor for the second hydrogen storage device; 29. ​​Pressure sensor for the third hydrogen storage device; 30. Pressure sensor for the fourth hydrogen storage device; 31. Pressure sensor for the fifth hydrogen storage device; 101. Cylinder; 102. Jacket; 103. Separator; 104. Jacket spiral baffle; 105. First hydrogen inlet / outlet; 106. Second hydrogen inlet / outlet; 107. Circulating liquid inlet; 108. Circulating liquid outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations of the present invention.

[0029] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0030] Example 1 In one or more embodiments, a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system is disclosed, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen storage device 1, a thermal circulation system 2, a cold circulation system 3, a hydrogen supply source 4, a hydrogen consumption terminal 5, hydrogen control valves 6-9, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. Hydrogen storage device 1 is the main equipment of the hydrogen storage system, which realizes the absorption and release of hydrogen through an internal hydrogen storage alloy; such as Figure 2As shown, the hydrogen storage device 1 includes a cylinder 101, a jacket 102, a partition mesh 103, a jacket spiral baffle 104, a first hydrogen inlet / outlet 105, a second hydrogen inlet / outlet 106, a circulating liquid inlet 107, and a circulating liquid outlet 108. The cylinder 101 is the main container for the hydrogen storage alloy, and different numbers of partition meshes 103 are arranged inside it. The partition meshes 103 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage device. During the filling process of the hydrogen storage alloy, a partition mesh is placed after a certain amount of hydrogen storage alloy is filled. This allows the hydrogen storage device to be divided into sections before use, avoiding the accumulation of hydrogen storage alloy inside the hydrogen storage device and reducing the agglomeration and caking phenomena that occur during hydrogen absorption and desorption. The jacket 102, located outside the cylinder, is the heat exchange structure of the hydrogen storage device. It adopts an external heat exchange method to avoid the risk of leakage of the circulating medium inside the hydrogen storage device. A jacketed spiral baffle 104 is also provided, located between the jacket and the outer wall of the cylinder. Made of stainless steel and spirally arranged, the baffle guides the flow of the circulating medium within the jacket, ensuring uniform flow and faster velocity, thereby increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient and improving heat transfer efficiency. The first hydrogen inlet / outlet 105 and the second hydrogen inlet / outlet 106 are respectively located at both ends of the cylinder 101, while the circulating liquid inlet 107 and the circulating liquid outlet 108 are respectively located on both sides of the outer jacket of the cylinder.

[0031] Both the thermal circulation system 2 and the cold circulation system 3 are connected to the hydrogen storage device 1. The thermal circulation system 2 is the working system for the thermal circulation medium of the hydrogen storage system. The thermal circulation system 2 provides a heat source for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage device 1, so that the device maintains a stable operating temperature. The cold circulation system 3 is the working system for the cold circulation medium of the hydrogen storage system. The cold circulation system 3 provides a cold source for the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen storage device 1, so that the hydrogen absorption reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy proceeds stably.

[0032] In this embodiment, hydrogen source 4 is the upstream hydrogen supply end, which is the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen storage device.

[0033] In this embodiment, hydrogen terminal 5 is used for downstream hydrogen-using equipment, which can be industrial or commercial hydrogen-using equipment such as fuel cells or chemical hydrogen-using equipment.

[0034] Hydrogen control valves 6-9 are located between the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, controlling the hydrogen charging and discharging actions of the hydrogen storage device and switching the direction of the hydrogen charging and discharging ports of the hydrogen storage device through the PLC control system. Specifically, the first hydrogen control valve 6 is connected between one hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, the third hydrogen control valve 8 is connected between the other hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, and the second hydrogen control valve 7 and the fourth hydrogen control valve 9 are connected in series between the two hydrogen inlets / outlets of the hydrogen storage device.

[0035] The temperature sensor includes several hydrogen storage device temperature sensors 22-26 axially arranged inside the hydrogen storage device, including a first hydrogen storage device temperature sensor 22, a second hydrogen storage device temperature sensor 23, a third hydrogen storage device temperature sensor 24, a fourth hydrogen storage device temperature sensor 25, and a fifth hydrogen storage device temperature sensor 26. It can detect temperature changes at various points along the axial direction of the device, determine whether there are axial temperature differences and the magnitude of the temperature difference, and the number can be increased or decreased according to the actual needs of the device and operating conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, the temperature sensors also include an inlet water temperature sensor 20 and a return water temperature sensor 21. The inlet water temperature sensor 20 is located at the circulating liquid inlet 107 of the hydrogen storage device, and the return water temperature sensor 21 is located at the circulating liquid outlet 108 of the hydrogen storage device. As inlet and return water temperature monitoring sensors of the hot and cold circulation system, they monitor the inlet and outlet temperatures of the circulating medium and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet, and increase or decrease the flow rate of the circulating medium.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes circulation system control valves 10-13, which are respectively installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot circulation system and the inlet and outlet sides of the cold circulation system, for controlling the switching of hot and cold circulation media in the hydrogen storage device; wherein, the first circulation system solenoid valve 10 is connected between the rear end of the outlet ball valve of the hot circulation system and the inlet water temperature sensor 20 of the hydrogen storage device, the third circulation system solenoid valve 12 is connected between the rear end of the outlet ball valve of the cold circulation system and the inlet water temperature sensor 20 of the hydrogen storage device, the second circulation system solenoid valve 11 is connected between the rear end of the inlet ball valve of the hot circulation system and the return water temperature sensor 21 of the hydrogen storage device, and the fourth circulation system solenoid valve 13 is connected between the rear end of the inlet ball valve of the cold circulation system and the return water temperature sensor 21 of the hydrogen storage device, serving as pipeline switching control valves for the hot and cold circulation systems, controlling the switching of hot and cold fluids during charging and discharging.

[0038] Furthermore, ball valves 14-17 are also included, which are installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot circulation system and the cold circulation system as manual control valves of the circulation system. Specifically, the first ball valve 14 is connected between the outlet of the hot circulation system and the first circulation system solenoid valve 10, the second ball valve 15 is connected between the inlet of the hot circulation system and the second circulation system solenoid valve 11, the third ball valve 16 is connected between the outlet of the cold circulation system and the third circulation system solenoid valve 12, and the fourth ball valve 17 is connected between the inlet of the cold circulation system and the third circulation system solenoid valve 13. These ball valves serve as pipeline ball valves for the hot circulation system and the cold circulation system. Under normal circumstances, they are in the normally open state, and they can be manually closed in case of maintenance or emergency.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes a first shut-off valve 18 and a second shut-off valve 19, which are respectively located between the first hydrogen inlet / outlet 105, the second hydrogen inlet / outlet 106 and the hydrogen supply source, serving as switch valves for the hydrogen inlet / outlet pipelines. Under normal circumstances, they are normally open, but can be manually closed in case of maintenance or emergency.

[0040] Furthermore, it also includes hydrogen storage device pressure sensors 27-31, which are internal pressure and inlet / outlet pressure sensors for the hydrogen storage device. Among them, the first hydrogen storage device pressure sensor 27, the second hydrogen storage device pressure sensor 28, the third hydrogen storage device pressure sensor 29, the fourth hydrogen storage device pressure sensor 30, and the fifth hydrogen storage device pressure sensor 31 are respectively arranged in the axial direction inside the hydrogen storage device and in the inlet / outlet pipeline of the hydrogen storage device, which can monitor the axial pressure distribution and pressure difference of the hydrogen storage device. The number can be increased or decreased according to the actual device and operating conditions.

[0041] The hydrogen storage device in this invention includes, but is not limited to, jacketed, tubular, internal heat exchange, and shell-and-tube structures.

[0042] The hydrogen storage alloys used in this invention are in the form of powder, briquette, and other forms of hydrogen storage alloys and hydrogen storage alloy mixtures.

[0043] In this invention, valve control at each stage is performed using a PLC intelligent control system, but manual control is also possible.

[0044] This solid-state hydrogen storage system achieves dynamic adjustment of the hydrogen diffusion path through a simple structural design, while simultaneously coordinating the control of temperature and pressure distribution to optimize internal reaction equilibrium and improve hydrogen charging and discharging performance. Specifically, through a unique control system and hydrogen storage device, it addresses the imbalance of temperature and pressure fields that occurs during long-term use of hydrogen storage devices. A partition network is installed inside the device to physically pre-layer the hydrogen storage alloy filling, thereby improving the device's lifespan and hydrogen absorption / discharge efficiency. Hydrogen inlets and outlets are installed at both ends of the hydrogen storage device, along with real-time controlled electric or pneumatic valves to alter the flow direction of hydrogen within the device. During charging, the parameters of various temperature and pressure gauges inside the device are monitored in real time. When a certain temperature and pressure difference exists between the two sides of the device, the valves can be controlled to change the direction of the inlet and outlet, adjusting the reaction rate and alloy distribution of the hydrogen storage alloy inside the device. This prevents the alloy from accumulating on one side of the device, increasing hydrogen permeation resistance and hydrogen storage alloy expansion stress. When the device releases hydrogen, the pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy on the hydrogen outlet side decreases rapidly, causing the hydrogen storage alloy on the outlet side to release hydrogen more quickly. This results in a faster temperature drop on that side of the device, which in turn reduces the hydrogen release reaction rate of the hydrogen storage alloy. This situation can be effectively alleviated by changing the direction of the inlet and outlet.

[0045] Example 2 In one or more embodiments, a method for operating a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system is disclosed, including: S1: Determine system operating conditions; If hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen supply end, enter hydrogen charging mode Q1; If hydrogen is used at the hydrogen end, enter hydrogen release mode Q2; S2: Perform operations according to different modes: S21: Hydrogen charging mode performs the following steps: S211: Open the first hydrogen control valve 6 to charge the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen; the second hydrogen control valve 7, the third hydrogen control valve 8, and the fourth hydrogen control valve 9 are all closed. Simultaneously, open the cold circulation system valves (third circulation system solenoid valve 12 and fourth circulation system solenoid valve 13) to provide cooling for the hydrogen storage device's hydrogen absorption and heat release. Simultaneously monitor the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline between the inlet water temperature sensor 20 and the return water temperature sensor 21. When the temperature difference exceeds the minimum temperature difference ΔT... min At this time, increase the flow rate of the circulating medium or increase the inlet temperature of the circulating medium.

[0046] S212: Based on the values ​​of temperature sensors 22-26, calculate the difference between the first temperature sensor 22 and the fifth temperature sensor 26 to obtain the first temperature difference. When the first temperature difference is not greater than the maximum allowable temperature difference △T max If hydrogen charging is required, proceed to the next step; otherwise, proceed to the next step. It should be understood that the function of calculating the temperature difference based on temperature sensors 22-26 is to monitor the axial temperature distribution of the hydrogen storage device, and this function can be reduced according to actual needs.

[0047] S213: Based on the pressure values ​​of pressure sensors 27-31, calculate the pressure difference between the second pressure sensor 28 and the fourth pressure sensor 30 to obtain the first pressure difference. The first pressure difference is not greater than or equal to ΔP. max Hydrogen charging should be performed when necessary; otherwise, the hydrogen charging inlet valve should be switched. It should be understood that the function of the differential pressure calculated by pressure sensor 27-31 is to monitor the axial pressure distribution of the hydrogen storage device, and this function can be reduced according to actual needs.

[0048] S214: Switch the hydrogen inlet valve, close the first hydrogen control valve 6, and open the third hydrogen control valve 8 to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform hydrogen charging operation.

[0049] It should be understood that if the relevant operations for S2 and S3 are required, and valve switching is necessary again, then valve 8 should be closed and valve 6 opened to perform the hydrogen charging operation. Otherwise, proceed with the normal hydrogen charging until it is complete.

[0050] S22: In hydrogen release mode, perform the following steps: S221: Open the fourth hydrogen control valve 9 to release hydrogen from the device. The first hydrogen control valve 6, the second hydrogen control valve 7, and the third hydrogen control valve 8 are all closed. Simultaneously, open the first circulation system solenoid valve 10 and the second circulation system solenoid valve 11 of the thermal circulation system to provide heat for the hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen and absorb heat. Simultaneously monitor the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the circulation pipeline between the inlet water temperature sensor 20 and the return water temperature sensor 21. When the temperature difference exceeds the minimum temperature difference ΔT... min At this time, increase the circulation medium flow rate or decrease the circulation medium inlet temperature.

[0051] S222: Detect the temperature values ​​of temperature sensors 22-26, calculate the difference between the first temperature sensor 22 and the fifth temperature sensor 26 to obtain the second temperature difference, and when the second temperature difference is greater than the maximum allowable temperature difference ΔT... max If the pressure is insufficient, further assessment is required; otherwise, proceed with the normal hydrogen release operation.

[0052] S223: Detect the pressure values ​​of pressure sensors 27-31, calculate the pressure difference between the second pressure sensor 28 and the fourth pressure sensor 30. When the pressure difference is greater than ΔPmax, the hydrogen charging inlet valve needs to be switched. Otherwise, the normal hydrogen release operation can proceed.

[0053] S224: Switch the hydrogen control valve, close the fourth hydrogen control valve 9, and open the second hydrogen control valve 7 to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform a hydrogen release operation.

[0054] It should be understood that if the valves need to be switched again after performing operations S2 and S3, the second hydrogen control valve 7 should be closed and the fourth hydrogen control valve 9 should be opened to perform the hydrogen release operation. Otherwise, the hydrogen release will proceed normally until it is complete.

[0055] Furthermore, when the operating condition is without temperature sensor and pressure sensor Q3; When the hydrogen storage device cannot be equipped with the required number of temperature and pressure sensors due to structural or operational requirements, the hydrogen inlet and outlet can be exchanged a fixed number of times to use the hydrogen storage device.

[0056] Specifically, the device uses the first hydrogen control valve 6 for hydrogen charging and the fourth hydrogen control valve 9 for hydrogen discharging. After five charging / discharging operations under this condition, the charging / discharging direction is switched. Alternatively, the device uses the third hydrogen control valve 8 for hydrogen charging and the second hydrogen control valve 7 for hydrogen discharging. After five charging / discharging operations under this condition, the charging / discharging direction is switched.

[0057] The descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, This includes hydrogen storage devices, thermal circulation systems, cold circulation systems, hydrogen control valves, temperature sensors, and pressure sensors; The hydrogen storage device achieves the absorption and release of hydrogen through an internal hydrogen storage alloy; the hydrogen storage device includes a cylinder and a dividing mesh, the cylinder is a container for holding the hydrogen storage alloy, and the dividing mesh is set inside the cylinder, the dividing mesh being evenly arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage device. Both the thermal circulation system and the cold circulation system are connected to the hydrogen storage device. The thermal circulation system provides a heat source for the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage device, and the cold circulation system provides a cold source for the hydrogen charging process of the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen control valve is located between the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source, and controls the hydrogen charging and discharging actions of the hydrogen storage device and the direction switching of the charging and discharging ports. The temperature sensor includes several hydrogen storage device temperature sensors axially arranged inside the hydrogen storage device to detect temperature changes at various points along the axial direction of the device and determine whether there are axial temperature differences and the magnitude of the temperature difference.

2. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes circulation system control valves, which are respectively installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot circulation system and the inlet and outlet sides of the cold circulation system, to control the switching of the hot and cold circulation media of the hydrogen storage device.

3. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature sensor also includes an inlet water temperature sensor and a return water temperature sensor. The inlet water temperature sensor is located at the circulating liquid inlet of the hydrogen storage device, and the return water temperature sensor is located at the circulating liquid outlet of the hydrogen storage device.

4. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes ball valves, which are installed on the inlet and outlet sides of the hot and cold circulation systems as manual control valves for the circulation system. Under normal operating conditions, they are normally open and can be manually closed in case of emergency or failure of the circulation system control valve.

5. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first shut-off valve and a second shut-off valve, which are respectively located between the first hydrogen inlet / outlet, the second hydrogen inlet / outlet and the hydrogen supply source, as switch valves for the hydrogen inlet / outlet pipelines.

6. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes several hydrogen storage device pressure sensors, which are respectively arranged in the axial direction inside the hydrogen storage device and in the inlet and outlet pipelines of the hydrogen storage device to monitor the axial pressure distribution and pressure difference of the hydrogen storage device.

7. The bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen control valve includes: a first hydrogen control valve connected between one hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source; a third hydrogen control valve connected between another hydrogen inlet / outlet of the hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen supply source; and a second and a fourth hydrogen control valve connected in series between two hydrogen inlets / outlets of the hydrogen storage device.

8. A method for operating a bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that, include: S1: Determine system operating conditions; If hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen supply end, it enters the hydrogen charging mode; If hydrogen is used at the hydrogen end, it enters the hydrogen release mode; S2: In hydrogen charging mode, perform the following steps: S211: Open the hydrogen control valve to charge the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen, and at the same time open the valve of the cold circulation system; S212: Obtain the first temperature difference based on the values ​​of each temperature sensor. If the first temperature difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen charging operation; otherwise, proceed to the next step of judgment. S213: Obtain the first pressure difference based on the pressure sensor value. If the first pressure difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen charging operation; otherwise, switch the hydrogen control valve. S214: Switch the hydrogen inlet valve, close the first hydrogen control valve, and open the third hydrogen control valve to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform hydrogen charging operation.

9. The operating method of the bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, S221: Open the hydrogen control valve to charge the hydrogen storage device with hydrogen, and at the same time open the valve of the thermal circulation system; S222: Obtain the second temperature difference based on the values ​​of each temperature sensor. If the second temperature difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform hydrogen release operation; otherwise, proceed to the next step of judgment. S223: Obtain the second pressure difference based on the pressure sensor value. If the second pressure difference is not greater than the preset upper limit, perform a hydrogen release operation; otherwise, switch the hydrogen control valve. S224: Switch the hydrogen control valve, close the fourth hydrogen control valve and open the second hydrogen control valve to reverse the hydrogen flow direction in the device and perform a hydrogen release operation.

10. The operating method of the bidirectional adjustable high-efficiency solid-state hydrogen storage system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When the system is in operation without temperature and pressure sensors, both the hydrogen charging and discharging modes use a hydrogen control valve that switches between charging and discharging operations a fixed number of times.

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