Bio-organic fertilizer containing rice hull manure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts rice husk, 40 parts livestock and poultry manure, 0.8 parts composting agent, 5 parts auxiliary materials, and 2 parts functional components; the rice husk has a particle size of 2 mm, the livestock and poultry manure is cow manure, and the initial moisture content is 65%; the composting agent is composed of the following microbial strains in parts by weight: 0.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts EM bacteria, and 0.1 parts Trichoderma viride, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g; The bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure and its preparation method provided by this invention effectively solves many technical defects in the prior art and realizes the efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of agricultural production transformation and upgrading, bio-organic fertilizers have become an important support for green agricultural development because they can improve soil structure and enhance crop quality. Bio-organic fertilizers containing rice husk manure have become a research focus in this field because of their readily available raw materials and high resource utilization value.

[0003] While combining rice husks with livestock and poultry manure can achieve the reuse of agricultural waste, existing preparation technologies still have many problems that urgently need to be solved. Current technologies lack targeted pretreatment for rice husks, making their cellulose difficult to degrade, easily leading to incomplete fermentation and the generation of unpleasant odors. The treatment methods for livestock and poultry manure are relatively simple and cannot effectively remove harmful impurities, affecting the safety of fertilizer use.

[0004] Meanwhile, the microbial strains used for composting are mostly single strains, and the parameter control during the fermentation process lacks standardization, which can easily lead to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The material mixing process is also prone to unevenness and stratification, which further affects the fermentation effect.

[0005] Furthermore, the aging process after fermentation often involves a single temperature treatment without segmented control, resulting in insufficient nutrient conversion, poor stability, and limited soil improvement effects in the fertilizer. Some products have limited functionality, failing to meet the growth needs of different crops. Post-processing techniques are also relatively rudimentary, leading to nutrient loss during application. Moreover, the poor compatibility of raw material ratios and process parameters makes it difficult to balance the needs of large-scale production with practical application effects, severely restricting the promotion and application of this type of fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure and its preparation method.

[0007] A further objective of this invention is to provide a rice husk-manure bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts rice husk, 40 parts livestock and poultry manure, 0.8 parts composting agent, 5 parts auxiliary materials, and 2 parts functional components; wherein the rice husk has a particle size of 2 mm, the livestock and poultry manure is cow manure, and the initial moisture content is 65%; the composting agent comprises the following microbial strains in parts by weight: 0.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts EM bacteria, and 0.1 parts Trichoderma viride, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g; the auxiliary raw materials consist of 2 parts humic soil, 2 parts phosphate rock powder, and 1 part dolomite powder; the functional components consist of 0.8 parts amino acids, 0.7 parts seaweed extract, and 0.5 parts humic acid.

[0008] Preferably, the rice husk is a crushed and dried rice husk with a moisture content of 12%.

[0009] Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure has been treated to remove impurities, and the impurity content is 0.

[0010] Preferably, the composting agent is prepared by mixing the various bacterial strains according to their mass fractions and stirring at 25°C and 150 r / min for 30 min.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the auxiliary raw materials is 80 mesh.

[0012] Preferably, all functional components are water-soluble and have a pH value of 6.0.

[0013] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: crush rice husks to 2mm and set aside; remove impurities from livestock and poultry manure and adjust the moisture content to 65% and set aside; (2) Steam sterilization: Mix the pretreated rice husks with livestock and poultry manure, and sterilize them by introducing steam at a pressure of 0.15 MPa for 20 min. (3) Microwave treatment: Place the sterilized mixture in a microwave device with a microwave power of 400W and a treatment time of 15min. Maintain ventilation during the treatment process, with a ventilation volume of 2m³. 3 / h; (4) Aerobic fermentation: Add composting agent, auxiliary raw materials and functional components to the microwave-treated mixture, mix evenly, place in a fermentation container, introduce air for aerobic fermentation, fermentation temperature is 60℃, fermentation cycle is 15 days, turn the pile once every 2 days during fermentation, blower ventilation frequency is once every 1 hour, each ventilation time is 30 minutes. (5) Segmented aging: The fermented material is transferred to the aging field, the aging environment humidity is 55%, and the aging time is 10 days; (6) Post-processing: The aged material is crushed and sieved to obtain rice husk manure bio-organic fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the microwave device mentioned in step (3) is a microwave digester of model XH-800.

[0015] Preferably, the air intake in step (4) is 1.5m³. 3 / h, the turning depth of the material during turning is 30cm.

[0016] Preferably, the sieve mesh size in step (6) is 10 mesh.

[0017] In step (2) of this invention, the steam pressure for steam sterilization is 0.15 MPa, the steam source is industrial saturated steam, the sterilization equipment is a vertical steam sterilization tank with an inner diameter of 1.2 m, and the pressure inside the tank is kept stable during the sterilization process without any pressure leakage.

[0018] In step (3) of this invention, the ventilation volume for microwave treatment is 2m³. 3 / h, the ventilation equipment is an axial flow fan, and the ventilation duct is connected to the feed port of the microwave equipment to ensure uniform ventilation on the surface of the mixture; the ventilation frequency of the blower for aerobic fermentation in step (4) is once every 1 hour, the ventilation time is 30 minutes each time, the ventilation volume is 1.5m³ / h, and the turning is done by a hydraulic turning machine with a turning depth of 30cm.

[0019] In step (5) of this invention, the environmental humidity of the segmented aging process is 55%, the aging field is covered by a shade shed, and the humidity is adjusted by a humidifier to maintain a stable environmental humidity. The aging environment temperature is 25°C.

[0020] The livestock and poultry manure is fresh cow manure with an initial moisture content of 65%, free from mold and odor; the rice husk is obtained by hulling rice straw harvested in the current year, with an initial moisture content of 12%, free from mold and impurities.

[0021] In the preparation of the composting agent, the activation conditions for the microbial strains are as follows: each strain is separately activated in a sterile culture medium at 25℃ and pH 7.0 for 12 hours. After activation, they are mixed according to their mass fractions and stirred at 25℃ and 150 r / min for 30 minutes to obtain the composting agent. The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable EM bacteria count was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cfu / g count of *Trichoderma viride* was 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 7 cfu / g.

[0022] Regarding the definition of components: In this invention, "functional components" refer to three types of water-soluble organic components: amino acids, seaweed extract, and humic acid, with mass parts of 0.8 parts, 0.7 parts, and 0.5 parts, respectively; "auxiliary raw materials" refer to three types of inorganic auxiliary materials: humic soil, phosphate rock powder, and dolomite powder, with mass parts of 2 parts, 2 parts, and 1 part, respectively, and the particle size of each component is 80 mesh.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure and its preparation method provided by the present invention effectively solves many technical defects in the prior art and realizes the efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0024] 2. This invention performs targeted pretreatment on raw materials, optimizes the structural characteristics of rice husks through microwave treatment to improve their biodegradability, and performs standardized drying and sterilization treatment on livestock and poultry manure to remove harmful impurities from the source, thereby greatly improving the safety of fertilizer use and the utilization efficiency of raw materials.

[0025] 3. The scientific formulation of the composting bacteria and the precise control of fermentation parameters in this invention ensure the stable progress of the fermentation process, effectively avoid the generation of unpleasant odors, and improve the degree of composting of the materials.

[0026] 4. The application of the segmented aging process in this invention can fully promote the transformation and stabilization of nutrients within the fertilizer, further improving the overall quality of the fertilizer. The raw material ratio is scientific and can be flexibly adjusted to suit the livestock and poultry breeding and agricultural production resources in different regions. The rational addition of auxiliary raw materials and functional components can not only effectively improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, but also enrich the functional properties of the fertilizer to meet the growth needs of different crops.

[0027] 5. The overall optimization of the preparation process of this invention takes into account both the uniformity of material mixing and the smoothness of the production process. The post-processing stage can adjust the product form according to the needs, which improves the convenience of fertilizer application, reduces nutrient loss, and the process parameters can be adapted to the requirements of large-scale production. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] The raw material components, by weight, are: 20 parts rice husk, 30 parts livestock and poultry manure, 0.5 parts composting agent, 5 parts auxiliary materials, and appropriate amount of water. The livestock and poultry manure is a mixture of chicken and pig manure, with a mixing ratio of 1 part chicken manure to 1 part pig manure. The composting agent is a single species of Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g. The auxiliary material is straw powder, which is made from crushed corn stalks with uniform particle size. The amount of water added is based on achieving the appropriate moisture content for fermentation, ensuring smooth fermentation.

[0031] The preparation method is as follows: The first step is raw material pretreatment. Rice husks are crushed to a particle size of 2mm using a universal pulverizer. Impurities such as stones and metal are removed by a vibrating screen with a mesh size matching the rice husk particle size. The crushed rice husks are then processed in an industrial microwave oven at 300W for 5 minutes. Ventilation is maintained within the equipment during microwave processing to improve the porosity of the rice husks and the efficiency of cellulose degradation, effectively solving the problem of incomplete fermentation caused by the difficulty in degrading rice husk cellulose in existing technologies. Livestock and poultry manure is dried in a concrete sun-drying area, turned over every 2 hours to control the moisture content to 25%. It is then sterilized at 70℃ for 30 minutes using a steam sterilizer, maintaining stable steam pressure during sterilization to remove insect eggs, pathogens, and weed seeds, improving fertilizer safety. The auxiliary raw material, straw powder, is crushed to a particle size of 2mm using a universal pulverizer and set aside.

[0032] The second step is raw material mixing. Pretreated rice husks, livestock manure, and auxiliary materials are added to a disc mixer. The speed is adjusted to 8 rpm, and the mixing time is 3 minutes. Water is slowly added during mixing, maintaining the moisture content of the mixture at 25% to ensure uniform mixing (over 98%), avoiding the localized fermentation and rotting problems caused by uneven mixing in existing technologies. After mixing, samples are taken for testing to ensure there are no obvious lumps or material stratification.

[0033] The third step is microbial fermentation. The composting agent is evenly sprinkled into the mixture, and stirred again for 2 minutes to ensure thorough integration and prevent localized aggregation. The material is then transferred to a concrete fermentation tank, where the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55℃. Forced ventilation is achieved using a blower to enable aerobic fermentation. The material is turned once daily for 15 minutes each time, using a spiral turning device to ensure even turning. The fermentation cycle is 15 days, during which the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the material is sampled daily to ensure it is maintained at 25:1. If the moisture content is too high during fermentation, a small amount of rice husks is added to adjust it; if the moisture content is too low, an appropriate amount of water is added, effectively solving the problem of foul odor caused by an imbalanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in existing fermentation technologies.

[0034] The fourth step is staged aging. After fermentation, the material is transferred to an aging area that is well-ventilated and protected from light. First, it undergoes high-temperature aging at 45℃ for 5 days to promote nutrient conversion and stabilization. Then, it undergoes low-temperature aging at 25℃ for 10 days to reduce the pungent odor and improve fertilizer stability. During the aging process, the material is turned over manually every two days to ensure uniform aging, overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that lack staged aging, which leads to poor fertilizer stability.

[0035] Step 5, post-processing. After aging, the material is crushed in a universal pulverizer and then sieved through a vibrating screen with a 2mm mesh size to remove incompletely decomposed impurities. These impurities are collected separately and returned to the fermentation tank for re-fermentation. The sieved material is then weighed and packaged using an automatic metering and packaging system, with each bag containing 25kg of rice husk manure, resulting in a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] The raw material components, by weight, are: 35 parts rice husk, 45 parts livestock and poultry manure, 1.5 parts composting agent, 12 parts auxiliary materials, and appropriate amount of water. The livestock and poultry manure is a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure, with a mixing ratio of 2 parts chicken manure to 1 part pig manure to 1 part cow manure. This broadens the source of livestock and poultry manure raw materials, adapting to different regional livestock and poultry farming resources and overcoming the limitation of a single manure raw material in Example 1. The composting agent is a compound microbial strain of Bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria, with a mixing ratio of 1 part Bacillus subtilis to 1 part EM bacteria. The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g, effective viable count of EM bacteria ≥1.0×10 9 The CFU / g compound strain utilizes the synergistic effect of the compound strains to improve fermentation efficiency and solves the problem of slow fermentation speed of the single strain in Example 1.

[0038] The auxiliary raw material is a mixture of straw powder and humus, with a mixing ratio of 3 parts straw powder to 1 part humus. The humus is topsoil from farmland with an organic matter content of ≥30%. The added humus enhances the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and replenishes soil humus, addressing the limited soil improvement effect of Example 1. The amount of water added is based on achieving the appropriate moisture content for fermentation, ensuring smooth fermentation.

[0039] The preparation method is optimized based on Example 1 as follows, while the remaining steps are completely consistent with Example 1: The first step is raw material pretreatment. Rice husks are crushed to a particle size of 3mm, microwaved at 400W for 7 minutes, with ventilation maintained inside the equipment during microwave treatment to further improve the degradation efficiency of rice husk cellulose and accelerate the fermentation process. Livestock and poultry manure is dried to a moisture content of 20%, then sterilized at 75℃ for 40 minutes, maintaining stable steam pressure to enhance the sterilization effect, effectively remove harmful impurities, improve fertilizer safety, and compensate for the insufficient sterilization in Example 1. Auxiliary raw materials are crushed to a particle size of 3mm and set aside.

[0040] The second step is raw material mixing. The disc mixer speed is adjusted to 12 rpm, and the mixing time is 4 minutes, controlling the moisture content of the mixture to 22% and improving the mixing uniformity to over 99%. A feeding sequence of heavier materials first, followed by lighter materials and dry materials first, is adopted. Livestock manure is added first, followed by rice husks and auxiliary materials, with mixing occurring simultaneously to prevent material stratification, improve mixing efficiency, and solve the problem of insufficient mixing uniformity in Example 1. After mixing, samples are taken for testing to ensure there are no obvious lumps or material stratification.

[0041] The third step is microbial fermentation. The fermentation temperature is adjusted to 60℃, and the mixture is turned twice a day for 20 minutes each time. The fermentation cycle is 12 days, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is maintained at 28:1. The synergistic effect of the compound microbial strains can accelerate the fermentation speed, improve the thoroughness of fermentation, and reduce the generation of foul odors, effectively solving the problem of severe foul odors in existing fermentation technologies, while shortening the fermentation cycle and improving production efficiency. During the fermentation process, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and moisture content are sampled and tested daily, and adjustments are made in a timely manner to ensure stable fermentation results.

[0042] The fourth step is staged aging. High-temperature aging takes 6 days at 50℃, while low-temperature aging takes 8 days at 28℃. The aging area is kept well-ventilated and protected from light, with regular turning and turning during the process. This shortens the aging cycle while further improving the stability and effectiveness of fertilizer nutrients, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies with long fermentation cycles, and enhancing fertilizer efficiency.

[0043] Example 3: Creative Extension Example The raw material components, by weight, are: 50 parts rice husk, 60 parts livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts composting agent, 20 parts auxiliary materials, 3 parts functional components, and appropriate amount of water. The livestock and poultry manure is a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure, with a mixing ratio of 1 part chicken manure to 1 part pig manure to 1 part cow manure to 1 part sheep manure. This further broadens the source of manure raw materials, adapting to different regional livestock and poultry farming resources and solving the problem of limited compatibility of manure raw materials in Example 2. The composting agent is a compound microbial strain consisting of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, and Trichoderma viride, with a mixing ratio of 2 parts Bacillus subtilis to 1 part EM bacteria to 1 part Trichoderma viride. The effective viable count of all three microbial strains is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, *Trichoderma viride* can inhibit harmful soil bacteria and reduce soil-borne diseases, overcoming the deficiency of existing fertilizers in lacking disease-inhibiting functions, while also improving the thoroughness of fermentation. The auxiliary raw materials are a mixture of straw powder, humus, and phosphate rock powder, in a ratio of 2 parts straw powder to 2 parts humus to 1 part phosphate rock powder. The phosphate rock powder is agricultural grade, with a phosphorus content ≥15%. The phosphate rock powder replenishes the soil's phosphorus element, improving the balance of fertilizer nutrients and solving the problem of nutrient imbalance in Example 2.

[0044] The functional component is a mixture of amino acid powder and seaweed extract, with a mixing ratio of 1 part amino acid powder to 1 part seaweed extract. The amino acid powder is a complex amino acid with a content ≥90%, and the seaweed extract is a brown algae extract with a content ≥80%. This mixture can improve crop stress resistance and quality, increase the added functions of the fertilizer, and solve the deficiency of the single function in Example 2. The amount of water added is based on achieving the appropriate moisture content for fermentation of the mixture to ensure smooth fermentation.

[0045] The preparation method is creatively extended based on Example 2 as follows, while the remaining steps are completely consistent with Example 2: The first step is raw material pretreatment. Rice husks are crushed to a particle size of 5mm, microwaved at 500W for 10 minutes, with ventilation maintained inside the equipment during microwave treatment to achieve efficient degradation of rice husk cellulose and further accelerate fermentation. Livestock and poultry manure is dried to a moisture content of 15%, then sterilized at 80℃ for 50 minutes, maintaining stable steam pressure to effectively remove harmful impurities and improve fertilizer safety. Phosphate rock powder, an auxiliary raw material, is crushed to a particle size of 1mm to ensure thorough mixing with other raw materials and improve nutrient uniformity. Functional components are premixed with a small amount of auxiliary raw materials at a ratio of 1 part functional component to 3 parts auxiliary raw materials to avoid excessively high local concentrations and ensure uniform functional performance.

[0046] The second step is raw material mixing. The disc mixer speed is adjusted to 15 rpm, and the mixing time is 5 minutes, controlling the moisture content of the mixture to 18% and achieving a mixing uniformity of over 99.5%. During the mixing process, a small amount of bentonite is added as a lubricant carrier, at a rate of 0.5% of the total mass of the mixture, to improve material flowability, prevent sticking to the walls, reduce production difficulty, adapt to the needs of large-scale production, and solve the problem of material sticking to the walls in Example 2. After mixing, sampling and testing are performed to ensure that there are no obvious lumps or material stratification.

[0047] The third step is microbial fermentation. The fermentation temperature is adjusted to 65℃, and a segmented fermentation mode is adopted: high-temperature fermentation for the first 7 days, followed by medium-temperature fermentation for the next 5 days, with the medium-temperature fermentation temperature controlled at 50℃. The mixture is turned twice daily for 25 minutes each time, with a fermentation cycle of 12 days, maintaining a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 30:1. The synergistic effect of the compound microbial strains enables efficient nutrient conversion while inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, further improving the thoroughness of fermentation and fertilizer safety, thus addressing the problem of insufficient harmful microorganism inhibition in Example 2. During the fermentation process, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and viable microbial count are sampled and tested daily, with timely adjustments made to ensure stable fermentation results.

[0048] The fourth step is segmented aging. High-temperature aging is carried out at 55℃ for 7 days; low-temperature aging is carried out at 30℃ for 7 days. During the aging process, the pH value of the material is tested regularly, once a day, to ensure that the pH value is maintained within the neutral range, adapting to soils with different acidity and alkalinity, expanding the fertilizer's compatibility range, and solving the problem of limited soil compatibility in Example 2. The aging area is kept well-ventilated and protected from light, and the material is turned over regularly to ensure uniform aging.

[0049] The fifth step is post-processing. After sieving, a granulation step is added. A disc granulator is used to form spherical granules with a diameter of 5mm. A small amount of water is added as a binder during granulation, the amount depending on the granule formation. After granulation, the granules are dried at 60℃ for 30 minutes, controlling the moisture content to ≤18%. This improves the granule formation rate and ease of application, reduces fertilizer loss, and increases nutrient utilization, solving the problems of inconvenient application and severe nutrient loss in existing fertilizer technologies. After drying, qualified granules are screened using a vibrating screen. Unqualified granules are crushed and re-granulated. Qualified granules are then metered and packaged using automatic metering and packaging equipment to obtain a more functional rice husk manure-containing bio-organic fertilizer.

[0050] Example 4:

[0051] The raw material components, by weight, are: 25 parts rice husks, 50 parts livestock and poultry manure, 2 parts composting agent, 15 parts auxiliary materials, 2 parts functional components, and appropriate amount of water. The livestock and poultry manure is a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure, in a ratio of 1 part chicken manure to 1 part pig manure to 1 part cow manure to 1 part sheep manure. The proportion of each type of manure can be flexibly adjusted according to local resources, ranging from 20% to 30% of the total mass of livestock and poultry manure, further broadening the source and compatibility of raw materials and overcoming the limitation of a fixed manure ratio in Example 3. Rice husks are rice husk powder with a particle size of 2mm, which can be directly replaced with rice husk charcoal. Rice husk charcoal is made by high-temperature carbonization of rice husks at 500℃ for 2 hours, adapting to different rice husk processing resources and expanding the protection scope of rice husk raw materials. The auxiliary raw materials are straw powder, humus, phosphate rock powder and dolomite powder mixed in a ratio of 2 parts straw powder to 2 parts humus to 1 part phosphate rock powder to 1 part dolomite powder. The dolomite powder is agricultural grade with a calcium and magnesium content of ≥30%. It is used to adjust the pH value of acidic soil, further expand the soil adaptability range, and solve the problem that Example 3 cannot adapt to acidic soil.

[0052] The functional component is humic acid powder with a content ≥85%, which can be directly replaced by amino acid powder or seaweed extract. The amino acid powder is a complex amino acid with a content ≥90%, and the seaweed extract is a brown algae extract with a content ≥80%, adapting to the nutritional needs of different crops and expanding the protection range of the functional component. The amount of water added is based on achieving the appropriate moisture content for fermentation in the mixture to ensure smooth fermentation.

[0053] The preparation method is optimized based on Example 3 as follows, while the remaining steps are completely consistent with Example 3: The first step is raw material pretreatment. Rice husk powder is used directly from the pulverized finished product, without additional pulverization. If rice husk charcoal is used instead, the microwave treatment step can be omitted, and it can be directly mixed with other raw materials, reducing production energy consumption and process complexity, thus solving the problem of high production energy consumption in Example 3. After pretreatment, livestock and poultry manure is precisely measured using an electronic batching scale with a measurement accuracy of 0.1 parts, ensuring that the proportioning error does not exceed 1%, improving production accuracy, and solving the problem of insufficient proportioning accuracy in Example 3. Dolomite powder in the auxiliary raw materials is pulverized to a particle size of 1mm and thoroughly mixed with other auxiliary raw materials to ensure uniform pH adjustment.

[0054] The second step is raw material mixing. During the mixing process, the moisture content and mixing uniformity are monitored in real time using an online humidity meter and a uniformity detector. The online humidity meter has a detection accuracy of ±1%, and the uniformity detector has a detection accuracy of ±0.5%. Based on the detection results, the feed rate and mixing time are automatically adjusted to achieve precise compounding. After mixing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is sampled and tested. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio deviates from the reasonable range of 25:1 to 30:1, it is calibrated by adding rice husks or livestock manure. After calibration, the mixture is stirred again to ensure stable fermentation results. This effectively solves the fermentation failure problem caused by inaccurate ratios in existing technologies, while improving production stability.

[0055] The third step is microbial fermentation. During fermentation, a small amount of brown sugar is added as a nutrient for the microorganisms, at 10% of the mass of the composting agent. This enhances microbial activity, accelerates fermentation, and further shortens the fermentation cycle. In the later stages of fermentation, samples are taken to test the number of viable microorganisms once daily to ensure the count meets the prescribed standard. If the number of viable microorganisms is insufficient, an appropriate amount of composting agent is added, and fermentation continues for one day to ensure the microbial activity of the fertilizer, improve fertilizer efficiency, and address the issue of unstable microbial activity in Example 3.

[0056] The fourth step is segmented aging. During the aging process, an intelligent monitoring system is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the aging environment in real time, controlling the humidity at 55% with a precision of ±5% to prevent mold growth and improve fertilizer storage stability. After aging, the organic matter and nutrient content of the material are tested to ensure compliance with organic fertilizer standards, improving product quality stability and addressing the insufficient storage stability issue in Example 3.

[0057] Step 5, Post-processing. Depending on application requirements, granular or powder packaging can be selected. Granular fertilizers have a small amount of starch binder added (1% of the total granule mass) to increase granule strength (≥5N / granule). Powdered fertilizers are sieved to adjust the particle size to 2mm, suitable for different application methods such as broadcasting, furrow application, and hole application, further expanding the fertilizer's application scenarios, improving application convenience, and solving the problem of limited application methods in Example 3. Both forms are packaged using automatic metering and packaging equipment, with packaging specifications adjustable to 25kg / bag or 50kg / bag as needed.

[0058] Comparative Example 1: The raw material components, by mass, are: 45 parts livestock and poultry manure, 1.5 parts composting agent, 12 parts auxiliary materials, and appropriate amount of water. The types of raw materials and preparation methods are completely consistent with those in Example 2, except that the rice husk component is removed; all other process parameters are exactly the same.

[0059] Comparative Example 2: The raw material composition is exactly the same as in Example 2. The only difference in the preparation method is that the composting agent is replaced with a single EM bacteria. All other process parameters are exactly the same as in Example 2.

[0060] Comparative Example 3: The raw material composition is exactly the same as in Example 2. The only difference in the preparation method is that the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 45°C. All other process parameters are exactly the same as in Example 2.

[0061] Comparative Example 4: The raw material components, by mass, are: 15 parts rice husk, 65 parts livestock and poultry manure, 0.3 parts composting agent, 25 parts auxiliary materials, and appropriate amount of water. The types of raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 2, except that the raw material ratios exceed the range defined by this invention; all other process parameters are exactly the same.

[0062] Comparative Example 5: The raw material composition is completely consistent with that of Example 2. The microwave treatment of rice husks and the high-temperature sterilization of livestock and poultry manure are omitted in the preparation method. The remaining process parameters are exactly the same as those of Example 2.

[0063] Comparative Example 6: An organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure, disclosed in the prior art, is prepared using 20 parts rice husk, 30 parts chicken manure, 0.5 parts Bacillus subtilis composting agent, and 5 parts straw powder. The preparation method does not involve microwave pretreatment or high-temperature sterilization. Instead, it uses single-temperature fermentation at 55°C for 30 days without segmented aging. The post-processing only involves crushing and sieving, without granulation.

[0064] Comparative Example 7: This invention combines two existing technologies for organic fertilizers containing rice husks and organic fertilizers containing manure. The raw materials are 35 parts rice husks, 45 parts pig manure, 1.5 parts single EM bacteria composting agent, and 12 parts straw powder. The preparation method adopts the existing technology of microwave pretreatment and single-temperature fermentation, without high-temperature sterilization and segmented aging steps, and the fermentation cycle is 25 days.

[0065] Performance testing and results analysis: Test sample: The test samples were rice husk manure-containing bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 4, and the control samples were fertilizers prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 7. A blank control group and a commercially available existing technology bio-organic fertilizer control group were also set up. The commercially available control group used mainstream rice husk manure-containing organic fertilizers currently on the market, representing the highest level of existing technology, ensuring the comprehensiveness and scientific validity of the comparison. All samples were stored under the same conditions for 7 days to avoid the influence of differences in storage conditions on the test results.

[0066] Test metrics and methods: Referring to agricultural industry standards NY / T525-2021 "Organic Fertilizers" and NY / T4542—2025 "Environmental Effect Evaluation Procedures for Microbial Fertilizers", and considering the characteristics of the fertilizer of this invention, the following test indicators and methods were determined: Physicochemical indicators: Organic matter content was determined using the method specified in NY / T1121.6; total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content were determined using the methods specified in NY / T1121.24, NY / T1121.7, and NY / T889, respectively; pH ​​value was determined using the method specified in NY / T1121.2; moisture content was determined by gravimetric method; and particle forming rate was determined by sieving method.

[0067] Microbiological indicators: The number of viable microorganisms was determined using the method specified in GB20287; harmful microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were determined using the method specified in GB38400.

[0068] Soil improvement indicators: Soil bulk density was determined using the method specified in NY / T1121.4; Soil field water holding capacity was determined using the method specified in NY / T1121.22; Soil microbial biomass was determined using the method specified in GB / T39228.

[0069] Field fertilizer efficiency indicators: Wheat was selected as the test crop, and the same planting conditions were set, including soil type, irrigation amount and planting density. Three replicate plots were set for each sample, with a plot area of ​​15 square meters. The application dosage was 50 kg / mu. After harvest, the yield per mu and the thousand-grain weight of wheat were measured, and the incidence of crop diseases and pests was recorded.

[0070] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0071] Results analysis: From the perspective of physicochemical indicators, the organic matter content of Examples 1 to 4 is all above 48%, the total nitrogen content is all above 2.0%, and the pellet forming rate is all above 85%. Among them, Example 3 has the best performance, with an organic matter content of 58%, a total nitrogen content of 3.2%, and a pellet forming rate of 95%, all of which far exceed the requirements of the NY / T525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer" standard. In contrast, the highest organic matter content of each comparative example is only 40%, the highest total nitrogen content is only 1.8%, and the lowest pellet forming rate is only 60%, with some indicators failing to meet the standard requirements. The various physicochemical indicators of the commercially available control group are also significantly lower than those of Examples 2 to 4 of this invention, highlighting the significant effects of the optimized raw material ratio and improved process of this invention.

[0072] From a microbiological perspective, the viable microbial counts in Examples 1 to 4 of this invention are all above 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cfu / g concentration was above 5.0, and no E. coli or Ascaris eggs were detected, meeting the requirements of GB20287 and GB38400 standards. Specifically, the viable microbial count in Example 3 reached 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cfu / g count significantly improved microbial activity. In contrast, Comparative Example 2 showed a viable microbial count of only 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 7 The cfu / g count was low. Comparative Example 5 showed a small number of Ascaris eggs, failing to meet safety standards. The viable microbial counts in Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were also significantly lower than those in the embodiments of this invention. The viable microbial count in the commercially available control group was only 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 The cfu / g ratio indicates insufficient microbial activity. This difference fully demonstrates that the synergistic effect of the composite microbial strains used in this invention, combined with standardized pretreatment and fermentation processes, can effectively enhance microbial activity, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, improve fertilizer safety, and solve the defects of unstable microbial activity and insufficient safety in existing technologies.

[0073] From the perspective of soil improvement indicators, after applying the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of this invention, the soil bulk density reduction rate was all above 10%, with Example 3 achieving a reduction rate of 18%. Soil field water holding capacity and soil microbial biomass also significantly improved, resulting in markedly improved soil structure and greatly enhanced aeration, water retention, and fertilizer retention capacity. In contrast, the highest soil bulk density reduction rate in each comparative example was only 7%, with limited improvement in soil microbial biomass and poor soil improvement effects. The commercially available control group showed a soil bulk density reduction rate of only 8%, far inferior to the soil improvement effects of the embodiments of this invention. This indicates that the present invention, through the rational compounding of rice husks and manure, combined with the addition of functional components, can effectively improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and solve the problem of limited soil improvement effects in existing technologies.

[0074] From the field fertilizer efficiency indicators, after applying the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of this invention, the wheat yield per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) increased by more than 12%, and the incidence of pests and diseases decreased by more than 20%. Among them, Example 3 achieved a wheat yield increase of 25% per mu, a pest and disease incidence reduction of 40%, and a significant increase in thousand-grain weight. The crop growth was significantly better than that of other control groups. The highest wheat yield increase rate among the comparative proportions was only 8%, and the highest pest and disease incidence reduction rate was only 10%. Some comparative proportions even showed an increase in pests and diseases. The commercially available control group had a wheat yield increase rate of only 10% per mu and a pest and disease incidence reduction rate of only 18%, with field fertilizer efficiency significantly lower than that of the examples of this invention. This fully demonstrates that the fertilizer prepared in this invention can effectively supply nutrients to crops, enhance crop resistance, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, promote crop growth, and improve crop yield and quality, achieving the dual effects of fertilizer efficiency and disease control.

[0075] By comparing the performance differences between the comparative examples and the embodiments of the present invention, it can be found that rice husk components, compound microbial strains, reasonable raw material ratios, standardized pretreatment, and segmented fermentation and aging processes are key to ensuring the excellent performance of the fertilizer of the present invention, and none of them can be omitted. The lack of rice husk components will lead to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, foul odor during fermentation, and poor soil improvement effect; using a single strain will result in low fermentation efficiency and insufficient microbial activity; improper fermentation temperature, raw material ratios exceeding the scope of the present invention, and omitting pretreatment steps will all lead to a significant decline in fertilizer performance, failing to achieve the expected results. Existing technologies and combinations thereof, due to their failure to overcome the limitations of single raw materials, single strains, and simple processes, are far inferior in performance to the embodiments of the present invention, further highlighting the technological innovation and inventiveness of the present invention.

[0076] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure, characterized in that, The product is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts rice husks, 40 parts livestock and poultry manure, 0.8 parts composting agent, 5 parts auxiliary materials, and 2 parts functional components; the rice husks have a particle size of 2 mm, the livestock and poultry manure is cow manure, and the initial moisture content is 65%; the composting agent is composed of the following microbial strains in parts by weight: 0.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts EM bacteria, and 0.1 parts Trichoderma viride, wherein the viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g; the auxiliary raw materials consist of 2 parts humic soil, 2 parts phosphate rock powder, and 1 part dolomite powder; the functional components consist of 0.8 parts amino acids, 0.7 parts seaweed extract, and 0.5 parts humic acid.

2. The rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rice husks are pulverized and dried rice husks with a moisture content of 12%.

3. The rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry manure has been treated to remove impurities, and the impurity content is 0.

4. The rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composting agent is as follows: mix the various bacterial strains according to their mass fractions, and stir for 30 minutes at 25°C and 150 r / min.

5. The rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of all auxiliary raw materials is 80 mesh.

6. The rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, All functional components are water-soluble and have a pH value of 6.

0.

7. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing rice husk manure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: crush rice husks to 2mm and set aside; remove impurities from livestock and poultry manure and adjust the moisture content to 65% and set aside; (2) Steam sterilization: Mix the pretreated rice husks with livestock and poultry manure, and sterilize them by introducing steam at a pressure of 0.15 MPa for 20 min. (3) Microwave treatment: Place the sterilized mixture in a microwave device with a microwave power of 400W and a treatment time of 15min. Maintain ventilation during the treatment process, with a ventilation volume of 2m³. 3 / h; (4) Aerobic fermentation: Add composting agent, auxiliary raw materials and functional components to the microwave-treated mixture, mix evenly, place in a fermentation container, introduce air for aerobic fermentation, fermentation temperature is 60℃, fermentation cycle is 15 days, turn the pile once every 2 days during fermentation, blower ventilation frequency is once every 1 hour, each ventilation time is 30 minutes. (5) Segmented aging: The fermented material is transferred to the aging field, the aging environment humidity is 55%, and the aging time is 10 days; (6) Post-processing: The aged material is crushed and sieved to obtain rice husk manure bio-organic fertilizer.

8. The method for preparing rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microwave device mentioned in step (3) is the XH-800 microwave digester.

9. The method for preparing rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air flow rate in step (4) is 1.5m. 3 / h, the turning depth of the material during turning is 30cm.

10. The method for preparing rice husk-containing manure bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sieve used in step (6) has a mesh size of 10.

Images