Pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engine and device thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a pulse self-heating control method and apparatus for fire-fighting diesel engines. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines significantly shortens the low-temperature start-up time of fire-fighting diesel engines by coordinating the operation of an electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit, adapting to the rapid deployment requirements of emergency scenarios. It prioritizes the use of the exhaust waste heat heating unit for low-energy preheating, reducing additional energy consumption. The electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit are redundant and designed with a back-flushing self-cleaning component, coupled with a fault diagnosis mechanism, effectively avoiding the risk of single heating source failure, adapting to harsh fire-fighting conditions. The finned composite heat exchanger precisely covers core media such as engine oil, coolant, and intake air, avoiding problems such as lubrication failure and poor atomization caused by low temperatures. Furthermore, the heating process is gentle and controllable, reducing engine cold-start wear, extending equipment lifespan, and adapting to the high-frequency emergency start characteristics of fire-fighting diesel engines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire-fighting diesel engine technology, and in particular to a pulse self-heating control method and device for fire-fighting diesel engines. Background Technology

[0002] As the core power source of fire-fighting systems, the starting reliability of fire-fighting diesel engines directly affects rescue efficiency and personnel safety. According to GB 27898.6-2011, fire-fighting diesel engines must be able to start rapidly within 15 seconds in ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to 60℃, and maintain stable operation under harsh conditions such as humidity, salt spray, and dust.

[0003] Currently, there are different technical directions for fire-fighting diesel engine preheating technologies on the market, but each technology has its own problems and universality issues: 1. For traditional electric preheating systems: constant power glow plug heating has problems such as high starting current (which easily damages the battery), uneven preheating (local overheating leads to component aging), and slow low temperature response (preheating time exceeds 30 seconds below -20℃); 2. For combustion-type preheating systems: They rely on continuous combustion for heating, resulting in high energy consumption (fuel consumption increases by about 25%), slow switching response (switching time from preheating to operation > 1 second), and low ignition reliability in high humidity environments. 3. General issues: The single heat source design lacks redundancy protection. A failure of a single heating module will directly lead to startup failure, which cannot meet the "zero failure" requirement of fire protection equipment. The control logic is relatively simple, based only on the single parameter of temperature, without taking into account the startup time limit requirements of fire emergency scenarios, and cannot achieve "preheating on demand". Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pulse self-heating control method and device for fire-fighting diesel engines that is fast-responding, low-energy-consumption, highly reliable, and adaptable to harsh working conditions in fire emergency scenarios.

[0005] A method for controlling the pulse self-heating of a fire-fighting diesel engine, comprising the following steps: An electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit are provided; the electric pulse heating unit is used to heat the engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air; the exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger; the finned composite heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passage structure, an engine oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflush self-cleaning component connected to the exhaust gas passage structure. Set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, and engine oil low-temperature failure temperature; While the diesel engine of the fire truck is running, monitor the ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure. Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold, the coolant temperature value is ≥ the coolant temperature threshold, and the ambient temperature value is ≥ the ambient temperature threshold. If so, then turn off the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine oil temperature threshold is less than the engine oil temperature value, and the engine exhaust temperature value is less than the exhaust temperature threshold. If so, the electric pulse heating unit is started and operated at the first power, and the exhaust waste heat heating unit is turned off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine exhaust temperature value is ≥ the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold. If so, then start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine exhaust temperature value is greater than or equal to the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is less than the engine oil low-temperature failure temperature. If so, the exhaust waste heat heating unit is activated, and the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the second power; the second power is greater than the first power; If not, determine whether the following condition is met: the heat exchanger differential pressure value is ≥ the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold. If so, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflushing self-cleaning component, start the electric pulse heating unit and operate it at the second power.

[0006] A pulse self-heating control device for a fire-fighting diesel engine, comprising: An electric pulse heating unit is used to heat engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air; The exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger; the finned composite heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passage structure, an oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflushing self-cleaning component connected to the exhaust gas passage structure. The control module is used to set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, and engine oil low-temperature failure temperature. The monitoring module is communicatively connected to the control module and is used to monitor the ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature and heat exchanger differential pressure during the operation of the fire truck's diesel engine. The control module is electrically connected to both the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit, and is configured to perform the following steps: Receive ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure. Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold, the coolant temperature value is ≥ the coolant temperature threshold, and the ambient temperature value is ≥ the ambient temperature threshold. If so, then control the electric pulse heating power supply to turn off, and control the exhaust waste heat heating unit to turn off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine oil temperature threshold is less than the engine oil temperature value, and the engine exhaust temperature value is less than the exhaust temperature threshold. If so, then the electric pulse heating unit is activated and the exhaust waste heat heating unit is deactivated; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine exhaust temperature value is ≥ the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold. If so, then start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine exhaust temperature value is greater than or equal to the exhaust temperature threshold, and the oil temperature value is less than the low oil failure temperature. If so, the exhaust waste heat heating unit is activated, and the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the second power; the second power is less than the first power; If not, determine whether the following condition is met: the heat exchanger differential pressure value is ≥ the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold. If so, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflushing self-cleaning component, start the electric pulse heating unit and operate it at the second power.

[0007] The aforementioned pulse self-heating control method and device for fire-fighting diesel engines utilizes the coordinated operation of an electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit. The electric pulse heating unit can quickly overcome the bottleneck of starting in extreme low temperatures, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit can efficiently recover exhaust gas energy, significantly shortening the low-temperature start-up time of fire-fighting diesel engines and adapting to the rapid deployment requirements of emergency scenarios. The exhaust waste heat heating unit is prioritized for low-energy preheating, reducing additional energy consumption. The electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit are redundant, and the modular design, combined with a back-flushing self-cleaning component and a fault diagnosis mechanism, effectively avoids the risk of single heating source failure, adapting to harsh fire-fighting conditions. The finned composite heat exchanger precisely covers core media such as engine oil, coolant, and intake air, avoiding lubrication failure and poor atomization caused by low temperatures. Furthermore, the heating process is gentle and controllable, reducing engine cold-start wear and extending equipment lifespan, adapting to the high-frequency emergency start characteristics of fire-fighting diesel engines. Therefore, the aforementioned pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines not only makes fire emergency response faster but also achieves low energy consumption and high reliability, while also providing more comprehensive adaptability and protection. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a pulse self-heating control method for a fire-fighting diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0010] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0011] When describing positional relationships, unless otherwise specified, when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be intermediate elements. It is also understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it may be the only one between the two elements, or there may be one or more intermediate elements.

[0012] When using the terms “including,” “having,” and “comprising” as described herein, another component may be added unless explicitly qualifying terms such as “only,” “consisting of,” etc. are used. Unless otherwise stated, singular terms may include plural forms and should not be construed as having a quantity of one.

[0013] Please see Figure 1 The preferred embodiment of the fire-fighting diesel engine pulse self-heating control method of the present invention includes steps S10 to S104.

[0014] Step S10: Provide an electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit.

[0015] The electric pulse heating unit heats the engine oil, coolant, and intake air, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger. The finned composite heat exchanger comprises an exhaust gas passage structure, an oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflush self-cleaning assembly connected to the exhaust gas passage structure. The intake port of the exhaust gas passage structure connects to the diesel engine's exhaust pipe, linking the finned composite heat exchanger to the diesel engine's exhaust system. Specifically, the exhaust gas passage structure is connected to the diesel engine's exhaust pipe via a quick-connect coupling.

[0016] Specifically, any two adjacent turbulence fins are spaced apart with a spacing of 5mm to 8mm to ensure high heat transfer efficiency.

[0017] Step S20: Set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, and engine oil low-temperature failure temperature. The engine oil low-temperature failure temperature refers to the lowest temperature threshold at which engine oil begins to lose its good fluidity in low-temperature environments, thus failing to effectively lubricate the engine. Different types of engine oil can have different low-temperature failure temperatures set according to their characteristics.

[0018] Step S30: While the diesel engine of the fire truck is running, monitor the ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature and heat exchanger differential pressure.

[0019] Step S40: Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: oil temperature value ≥ oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature value ≥ coolant temperature threshold, ambient temperature value ≥ ambient temperature threshold.

[0020] Step S50: If yes, then turn off the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit. Since the temperatures of the three core operating media of the diesel engine are all very high, heating is unnecessary; therefore, neither the electric pulse heating unit nor the exhaust waste heat heating unit needs to be activated.

[0021] Step S60: If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: ambient temperature value < ambient temperature threshold, engine oil temperature value < engine oil temperature threshold, engine exhaust temperature value < exhaust temperature threshold.

[0022] In step S70, if yes, the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the first power, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit is deactivated. This indicates that the ambient temperature, engine oil temperature, and engine exhaust temperature are all very low, so only the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at a higher first power to quickly preheat the engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air.

[0023] Step S80: If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: engine exhaust temperature value ≥ exhaust temperature threshold, oil temperature value ≥ oil temperature threshold.

[0024] Step S90: If yes, then start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit. This indicates that the ambient temperature is not high, but the engine exhaust temperature and engine oil temperature are relatively high. Therefore, only triggering the exhaust waste heat heating unit is sufficient to ensure that the engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air temperatures are all at a suitable level during diesel engine operation.

[0025] Step S101: If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: ambient temperature value < ambient temperature threshold, engine exhaust temperature value ≥ exhaust temperature threshold, and oil temperature value < oil low-temperature failure temperature.

[0026] Step S102: If yes, then the exhaust waste heat heating unit is activated, and the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the second power. The second power is less than the first power. This indicates that the engine exhaust temperature is relatively high, but the ambient temperature is relatively low, and the engine oil is about to fail. At this time, the exhaust waste heat heating unit and the electric pulse heating unit are activated simultaneously, and the electric pulse heating unit operates at a lower second power to quickly preheat the engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and engine intake air temperature, while also reducing the energy consumption required for heating.

[0027] Step S103: If not, determine whether the following condition is met: heat exchanger differential pressure value ≥ heat exchanger differential pressure threshold.

[0028] Step S104: If yes, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflush self-cleaning component, and start the electric pulse heating unit at the second power. This indicates that the heat exchanger pressure difference is too high, which is a heat exchange fault. At this time, there may be problems such as blockage in the exhaust gas passage structure of the finned composite heat exchanger. In this case, the exhaust waste heat heating unit is triggered to shut down, and the backflush self-cleaning component is activated to backflush and clean the passage in the exhaust gas passage structure. At the same time, the electric pulse heating unit is triggered to operate at a lower second power, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the diesel engine while self-cleaning the finned composite heat exchanger.

[0029] It should be noted that each of steps S40, S60, S80, and S101 contains an implicit condition: the heat exchanger differential pressure value is less than the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold. When executing steps S40, S60, S80, S101, and S103, any parameter conditions not mentioned in the steps are not trigger conditions for their respective scenarios.

[0030] Therefore, in the aforementioned pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines, the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit work together. The electric pulse heating unit can quickly overcome the bottleneck of starting in extreme low temperatures, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit can efficiently recover exhaust gas energy, significantly shortening the low-temperature start-up time of fire-fighting diesel engines and adapting to the rapid deployment requirements of emergency scenarios. The exhaust waste heat heating unit is prioritized for low-energy preheating, reducing additional energy consumption. The electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit are redundant, and the modular design, combined with a backflushing self-cleaning component and a fault diagnosis mechanism, effectively avoids the risk of single heating source failure, adapting to harsh fire-fighting conditions. The finned composite heat exchanger precisely covers core media such as engine oil, coolant, and intake air, avoiding lubrication failure and poor atomization caused by low temperatures. Furthermore, the heating process is gentle and controllable, reducing engine cold-start wear and extending equipment lifespan, adapting to the high-frequency emergency start characteristics of fire-fighting diesel engines. Therefore, the aforementioned pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines not only makes fire emergency response faster but also balances low energy consumption and high reliability, while also providing more comprehensive adaptability and protection.

[0031] In some embodiments, the finned composite heat exchanger further includes a two-stage linkage bypass valve assembly. One end of the two-stage linkage bypass valve assembly is connected to the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine, and the other end is connected to the intake port of the finned composite heat exchanger. The two-stage linkage bypass valve assembly includes a primary main valve and a secondary regulating valve.

[0032] When performing the step of shutting down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, the primary main valve is closed. Therefore, when performing steps S50, S70, and S104, the exhaust waste heat heating unit can be shut down by closing the primary main valve.

[0033] When executing the step of starting the exhaust waste heat heating unit, the primary main valve and the secondary regulating valve are opened, and the valve opening size of the secondary regulating valve is adjusted according to the engine exhaust temperature. Therefore, when executing steps S90 and S102, the exhaust waste heat heating unit can be started by opening the primary main valve and the secondary regulating valve. At the same time, the exhaust flow rate into the finned composite heat exchanger is dynamically controlled by adjusting the valve opening of the secondary regulating valve. For example, when the ambient temperature, oil temperature, and coolant temperature are low, the valve opening of the secondary regulating valve is increased to increase the exhaust flow rate and enhance the heat exchange efficiency of the finned composite heat exchanger; when the ambient temperature, oil temperature, and coolant temperature approach their respective temperature thresholds, the valve opening of the secondary regulating valve is decreased to avoid overheating. Ultimately, precise control of "pulse-type waste heat heating" is achieved to adapt to different waste heat requirements.

[0034] In some embodiments, the exhaust gas passage structure is a microchannel array structure. Setting the exhaust gas passage structure as a microchannel array structure significantly increases the effective heat exchange area per unit volume and continuously disrupts the exhaust boundary layer, thereby greatly improving the heat transfer coefficient and overall thermal efficiency. It also makes the exhaust gas passage structure more compact, reducing the installation space requirements of the finned composite heat exchanger.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the inner walls of the microchannels in the microchannel array structure are coated with a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant layer. This high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant layer can be a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, a PPS polyphenylene sulfide coating, a high-temperature alloy layer, etc. Specifically, in this embodiment, the high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating. Thus, coating the inner walls of the microchannels in the microchannel array structure with a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant layer can prevent carbon buildup and corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the finned composite heat exchanger.

[0036] In some embodiments, the electric pulse heating unit includes an oil heating layer nested around the surface of the oil filter, a coolant heating layer nested around the surface of the water pump pipe, and an intake heating layer nested around the surface of the intake manifold. The oil heating layer, coolant heating layer, and intake heating layer are all composite heating layer structures with heating drive circuits. Each of these layers is a flexible heating layer with good flexibility and tension, capable of conforming to irregular curved surfaces. This results in better adhesion between the oil heating layer and the oil filter, between the coolant heating layer and the water pump pipe, and between the intake heating layer and the intake manifold. Furthermore, each of these layers integrates a heating drive circuit, making the heating drive circuit compatible with the flexible substrate. This reduces the risk of short circuits in the rapid heating drive circuit and improves safety and reliability.

[0037] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the composite heating layer structure includes a flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer, a heating circuit layer disposed on the flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer, and an insulating protective layer disposed on the heating circuit layer. The flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer is nested and wrapped around the surface of the oil filter, the surface of the water pump pipeline, or the surface of the intake manifold.

[0038] The flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer is made of a flexible high-temperature resistant polymer to provide tension and flexibility, supporting the subsequent heating circuit layer and insulating protective layer. This ensures that the composite heating layer structure can precisely wrap irregularly shaped parts, further improving the fit between the oil heating layer and the oil filter, the coolant heating layer and the water pump pipeline, and the intake heating layer and the intake manifold. The heating circuit layer carries electrical pulse current and generates heat quickly through the "current heating effect" to achieve pulsed heating. The insulating protective layer isolates the heating circuit from diesel engine components, prevents short circuits in the heating current layer, resists corrosion from oil, dust, and salt spray, and extends the service life of the oil heating layer, coolant heating layer, and intake heating layer.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the heating circuit layer is made of carbon nanotube material. This is because carbon nanotube material can have a high electrical conductivity. The conductivity of carbon nanotubes far surpasses that of traditional metals like copper, and they possess excellent thermal stability. Therefore, the heating circuit layer is made of carbon nanotube material, giving it high conductivity and thermal stability. Simultaneously, the good flexibility and mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes allow them to be coated onto a flexible substrate layer to create a flexible heating circuit layer. Furthermore, the heating circuit layer made of carbon nanotubes features rapid heating and uniform temperature distribution, thus offering advantages such as fast response and uniform heating, while preventing substrate aging caused by localized overheating.

[0040] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the insulating protective layer comprises a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, and a modified silicone rubber coating arranged sequentially from the inside out. Thus, the insulating protective layer has a multi-layered composite structure, resulting in higher electrical insulation performance, as well as improved high-temperature resistance, weather resistance, oil resistance, and mechanical properties.

[0041] In some embodiments, step S30 is: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine speed.

[0042] After step S103, steps S105 and S106 are also included.

[0043] Step S105: If not, determine whether the engine speed value is 0.

[0044] Step S106: If not, return to step S30.

[0045] Thus, when executing step S103, if the heat exchanger differential pressure value is found to be less than the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, it is necessary to determine whether the diesel engine has stopped working by judging whether the engine speed is 0. If it is found that the diesel engine has stopped working, it indicates that the equipment has malfunctioned. At this time, the staff needs to stop the machine for maintenance. If it is found that the diesel engine has not stopped working, the process returns to repeat steps S30 to S105.

[0046] Furthermore, in some embodiments, step S30 is: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine oil pressure.

[0047] Step S105 is: Determine whether the engine speed and oil pressure are both 0.

[0048] Thus, in step S105, the diesel engine is judged to have stopped working by determining whether both the engine speed and oil pressure are 0. When both the engine speed and oil pressure are found to be 0, it means that the diesel engine has stopped working. In step S106, if the engine speed and oil pressure are not both 0, it means that the diesel engine is still working. In this way, the diesel engine is judged to have stopped working by comprehensively considering the engine speed and oil pressure, so as to improve the accuracy and reliability of the judgment when executing step S105.

[0049] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also proposes a pulse self-heating control device for fire-fighting diesel engines. The pulse self-heating control device for fire-fighting diesel engines includes an electric pulse heating unit, an exhaust waste heat heating unit, a control module, and a monitoring module.

[0050] An electric pulse heating unit is used to heat engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air.

[0051] The exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger. The finned composite heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passage structure, an oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflush self-cleaning component connected to the exhaust gas passage structure.

[0052] The control module is used to set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, and heat exchanger differential pressure threshold.

[0053] The monitoring module communicates with the control module and is used to monitor ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature and heat exchanger differential pressure during the operation of the fire truck's diesel engine, as well as to monitor engine speed.

[0054] The control module is electrically connected to both the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit, and is configured to perform the following steps: It receives ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine speed. Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: oil temperature value ≥ oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature value ≥ coolant temperature threshold, ambient temperature value ≥ ambient temperature threshold. If so, then the control pulse heating power supply will be turned off, and the exhaust waste heat heating unit will be turned off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: ambient temperature value < ambient temperature threshold, oil temperature threshold < oil temperature value, engine exhaust temperature value < exhaust temperature threshold. If so, the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the first power, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit is shut down; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: engine exhaust temperature value ≥ exhaust temperature threshold, and oil temperature value ≥ oil temperature threshold. If so, start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: ambient temperature value < ambient temperature threshold, engine exhaust temperature value ≥ exhaust temperature threshold, and oil temperature value < oil low-temperature failure temperature. If so, the exhaust waste heat heating unit will be activated, and the electric pulse heating unit will be activated and operate at the second power. The second power is less than the first power. If not, then determine whether the following condition is met: heat exchanger differential pressure value ≥ heat exchanger differential pressure threshold; If so, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflushing self-cleaning component, start the electric pulse heating unit and operate at the second power.

[0055] The heating temperature of the electric pulse heating unit operating at the first power is higher than that operating at the second power. The control module mainly consists of a microcontroller, which can be integrated with the engine controller to realize functions such as parameter calculation, heating source switching, and fault diagnosis.

[0056] Therefore, the aforementioned pulse self-heating control device for fire-fighting diesel engines, through the coordinated operation of an electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit, allows the electric pulse heating unit to quickly overcome the bottleneck of starting in extreme low temperatures, while the exhaust waste heat heating unit can efficiently recover exhaust gas energy, significantly shortening the low-temperature start-up time of fire-fighting diesel engines and adapting to the rapid deployment requirements of emergency scenarios. Prioritizing the use of the exhaust waste heat heating unit for low-energy preheating reduces additional energy consumption. The electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit are redundant, and the modular design, combined with a back-flushing self-cleaning component and a fault diagnosis mechanism, effectively avoids the risk of single heating source failure, adapting to harsh fire-fighting conditions. The finned composite heat exchanger precisely covers core media such as engine oil, coolant, and intake air, avoiding lubrication failure and poor atomization caused by low temperatures. Furthermore, the heating process is gentle and controllable, reducing engine cold-start wear and extending equipment lifespan, adapting to the high-frequency emergency start characteristics of fire-fighting diesel engines. Therefore, the aforementioned pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines not only makes fire emergency response faster but also balances low energy consumption and high reliability, while also providing more comprehensive adaptability and protection.

[0057] In some embodiments, the monitoring module is further configured to monitor the engine speed value in real time. The control module is further configured to, after executing the step of determining whether the following condition is met (heat exchanger differential pressure value ≥ heat exchanger differential pressure threshold), further execute the following steps: if no, determine whether the engine speed value is 0; if no, return to the step of receiving ambient temperature value, engine exhaust temperature value, engine oil temperature value, coolant temperature value, heat exchanger differential pressure value, and engine speed value.

[0058] When the control module determines that the heat exchanger differential pressure value is less than the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, it checks whether the engine speed is 0 to determine whether the diesel engine has stopped working. If the diesel engine has stopped working, it indicates that the equipment has malfunctioned, and the operator needs to stop the machine for maintenance. If the diesel engine has not stopped working, the module returns to the step of receiving ambient temperature value, engine exhaust temperature value, engine oil temperature value, coolant temperature value, heat exchanger differential pressure value, and engine speed value until the step of determining whether the engine speed value is 0.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the monitoring module is also used to monitor the oil pressure value in real time. The control module is also used to, after executing the step of determining whether the following condition is met (heat exchanger differential pressure value ≥ heat exchanger differential pressure threshold), further execute the step of determining whether the engine speed value and oil pressure value are simultaneously 0 (if not).

[0060] By checking whether both the engine speed and oil pressure are 0, it can be determined whether the diesel engine has stopped working, thus providing an accurate and reliable way to determine if the engine has stopped operating.

[0061] The structures of the electric pulse heating power supply and the exhaust waste heat heating unit are the same as those in the above-mentioned self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines, and will not be described again here.

[0062] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0063] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pulse self-heating control method for a fire-fighting diesel engine, characterized in that, Including the following steps: An electric pulse heating unit and an exhaust waste heat heating unit are provided; the electric pulse heating unit is used to heat the engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air; the exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger; the finned composite heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passage structure, an engine oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflush self-cleaning component connected to the exhaust gas passage structure. Set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, and engine oil low-temperature failure temperature; While the diesel engine of the fire truck is running, monitor the ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure. Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold, the coolant temperature value is ≥ the coolant temperature threshold, and the ambient temperature value is ≥ the ambient temperature threshold. If so, then turn off the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine oil temperature threshold is less than the engine oil temperature value, and the engine exhaust temperature value is less than the exhaust temperature threshold. If so, the electric pulse heating unit is started and operated at the first power, and the exhaust waste heat heating unit is turned off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine exhaust temperature value is ≥ the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold. If so, then start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine exhaust temperature value is greater than or equal to the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is less than the engine oil low-temperature failure temperature. If so, the exhaust waste heat heating unit is activated, and the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the second power; the second power is less than the first power; If not, determine whether the following condition is met: the heat exchanger differential pressure value is ≥ the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold. If so, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflushing self-cleaning component, start the electric pulse heating unit and operate it at the second power.

2. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The finned composite heat exchanger also includes a bipolar linkage bypass valve group; one end of the bipolar linkage bypass valve group is connected to the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the finned composite heat exchanger; the bipolar linkage bypass valve group includes a primary main valve and a secondary regulating valve. When performing the step of shutting down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, the primary main valve is closed; When performing the step of starting the exhaust waste heat heating unit, the primary main valve and the secondary regulating valve are opened, and the valve opening size of the secondary regulating valve is adjusted according to the engine exhaust temperature value.

3. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust gas passage structure is a microchannel array structure.

4. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the microchannels in the microchannel array structure is coated with a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant layer.

5. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric pulse heating unit includes an oil heating layer nested on the surface of the oil filter, a coolant heating layer nested on the surface of the water pump pipeline, and an intake heating layer nested on the surface of the intake manifold; the oil heating layer, the coolant heating layer, and the intake heating layer are all composite heating layer structures with heating drive circuits.

6. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 5, characterized in that, The composite heating layer structure includes a flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer, a heating circuit layer disposed on the flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer, and an insulating protective layer disposed on the heating circuit layer; the flexible high-temperature resistant substrate layer is nested and wrapped around the surface of the oil filter, the surface of the water pump pipeline, or the surface of the intake manifold.

7. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating circuit layer is made of carbon nanotube material; And / or, the insulating protective layer comprises, from the inside out, a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating, a polytetraethylene coating, and a modified silicone rubber coating.

8. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure are as follows: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine speed. If not, then after determining whether the following condition is met, namely, the heat exchanger differential pressure value ≥ the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, the method further includes the following step: If not, then determine whether the engine speed value is 0; If not, return to the steps of monitoring ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine speed.

9. The pulse self-heating control method for fire-fighting diesel engines according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure are as follows: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, heat exchanger differential pressure, and engine oil pressure. The steps to determine whether the engine speed value is 0 are: determining whether both the engine speed value and the oil pressure value are 0.

10. A pulse self-heating control device for a fire-fighting diesel engine, characterized in that, include: An electric pulse heating unit is used to heat engine oil, coolant, and engine intake air; The exhaust waste heat heating unit includes a finned composite heat exchanger; the finned composite heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passage structure, an oil preheating structure, a coolant preheating structure, an intake air preheating structure, turbulence fins, and a backflushing self-cleaning component connected to the exhaust gas passage structure. The control module is used to set the ambient temperature threshold, exhaust temperature threshold, engine oil temperature threshold, coolant temperature threshold, heat exchanger differential pressure threshold, and engine oil low-temperature failure temperature. The monitoring module is communicatively connected to the control module and is used to monitor the ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature and heat exchanger differential pressure during the operation of the fire truck's diesel engine. The control module is electrically connected to both the electric pulse heating unit and the exhaust waste heat heating unit, and is configured to perform the following steps: Receive ambient temperature, engine exhaust temperature, engine oil temperature, coolant temperature, and heat exchanger differential pressure. Determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold, the coolant temperature value is ≥ the coolant temperature threshold, and the ambient temperature value is ≥ the ambient temperature threshold. If so, then control the electric pulse heating power supply to turn off, and control the exhaust waste heat heating unit to turn off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine oil temperature threshold is less than the engine oil temperature value, and the engine exhaust temperature value is less than the exhaust temperature threshold. If so, the electric pulse heating unit is started and operated at the first power, and the exhaust waste heat heating unit is turned off; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the engine exhaust temperature value is ≥ the exhaust temperature threshold, and the engine oil temperature value is ≥ the engine oil temperature threshold. If so, then start the exhaust waste heat heating unit and turn off the electric pulse heating unit; If not, determine whether the following conditions are met simultaneously: the ambient temperature value is less than the ambient temperature threshold, the engine exhaust temperature value is greater than or equal to the exhaust temperature threshold, and the oil temperature value is less than the low oil failure temperature. If so, the exhaust waste heat heating unit is activated, and the electric pulse heating unit is activated and operates at the second power; the second power is less than the first power; If not, determine whether the following condition is met: the heat exchanger differential pressure value is ≥ the heat exchanger differential pressure threshold. If so, then shut down the exhaust waste heat heating unit, start the backflushing self-cleaning component, start the electric pulse heating unit and operate it at the second power.

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