An efficient experimental device for submerged plants and an automatic regulating method for culture environment

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants and an automatic control method for the cultivation environment. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants includes a cultivation tank containing a cultivation box. An environmental parameter sensor is installed on the cultivation box. The cultivation tank is connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and a water circulation component is connected between the inlet and outlet pipes. The water circulation component includes a water pump, and a water treatment component is provided along the water circulation path. A height adjustment mechanism is provided inside the cultivation tank. The environmental parameter sensor and the water circulation component are connected to a control module via wireless communication. This invention achieves precise simulation of multiple environmental factors such as light, water temperature, water depth, flow velocity, flow pattern, algae and bacteria concentration, and wind disturbance through the above structure, and can automatically adjust based on preset thresholds, thereby constructing a controllable multi-factor environment required for submerged plant experimental research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants and an automatic control method for the cultivation environment. Background Technology

[0002] Submerged plants play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of shallow lakes and estuaries, improving water transparency, and promoting nutrient uptake. However, existing research on the artificial propagation and ecological restoration of submerged plants still faces the following key challenges:

[0003] (1) Uncontrollable environmental factors: Traditional water tanks or culture ponds cannot achieve precise control over key environmental factors such as light intensity, water temperature, water flow speed, and wind disturbance, making it difficult to simulate the dynamic conditions in real water bodies.

[0004] (2) Lack of stable flow field simulation: Most devices can only generate overall water circulation and cannot realize controllable flow fields of various flow states, resulting in poor experimental repeatability.

[0005] (3) Low degree of automation: Most experimental systems require manual adjustment of parameters such as light, water flow, and temperature, and do not have intelligent control capabilities.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to construct a high-efficiency cultivation device for submerged plants that can accurately simulate multiple environmental factors, maintain a stable and controllable water flow field, and possess automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide an efficient experimental device for submerged plants and an automatic control method for the cultivation environment, so as to solve the problem that existing experimental systems cannot precisely control key environmental factors such as light, water flow, water depth, wind disturbance and water quality.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0009] A high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants includes a culture tank, a culture box installed inside the culture tank, an environmental parameter sensor installed on the culture box, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe connected to the culture tank, a water circulation component connected between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, the water circulation component including a water pump, and the environmental parameter sensor and the water circulation component being communicatively connected to a control module.

[0010] Preferably, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to each other on both sides of the culture tank, and a water treatment component is provided on the circulating water path inside the culture tank.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the culture tank is provided with several height adjustment mechanisms for adjusting the vertical height of the culture box, and the lower surface of the culture box is connected to the telescopic end of the height adjustment mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the culture tank has an inlet and an outlet on both sides, and a flow field control structure is provided inside the culture tank near the inlet and / or outlet. The flow field control structure includes a guide plate with several holes and / or gaps, and the flow field control structure is detachably connected to the inner wall of the culture tank.

[0013] Preferably, the water treatment assembly includes a water tank and an ultraviolet lamp strip disposed on the side wall of the water tank.

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes an air disturbance mechanism, which includes a guide rail disposed above the culture tank and a fan, the fan being movably disposed on the guide rail.

[0015] Preferably, the guide plate includes a first guide plate, a second guide plate, and / or a third guide plate, wherein the first guide plate has a uniform and orderly array of circular holes, the second guide plate has a plurality of neatly distributed rectangular slits, and the third guide plate has a plurality of irregular holes and / or slits.

[0016] An automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants, applied to the aforementioned high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants, includes the following steps:

[0017] Real-time environmental data is collected through environmental parameter sensors;

[0018] The environmental parameter sensor further sends the real-time environmental data to the control module;

[0019] The control module controls the water circulation component based on the real-time environmental data.

[0020] Preferably, the method further includes adjusting the position and / or number of holes and / or slits on the structure by regulating the flow field to create different flow patterns within the culture tank.

[0021] Preferably, the environmental parameter sensor includes a light sensor, and the method further includes: acquiring light intensity through the light sensor and sending it to the control module, wherein the control module controls the height adjustment mechanism according to the light intensity.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. This invention achieves comprehensive simulation of multiple environmental factors, and can simultaneously simulate light attenuation, water flow velocity, flow regime characteristics, wind disturbance, water depth gradient and water quality changes, thus meeting the research needs of submerged plant ecological response.

[0024] 2. This invention reduces algae and microbial levels through water treatment components, ensuring the controllability and repeatability of the experimental environment.

[0025] 3. This invention achieves real-time data monitoring, environmental control, threshold linkage, and remote management through the cooperation of a wireless communication module and a control module, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of experiments.

[0026] 4. This invention is applicable to research on submerged plants in various scenarios, including physiological and ecological experiments, hydrodynamic disturbance experiments, light-depth gradient experiments, and water quality response studies. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the culture box of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water treatment component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is the first flowchart of an automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is the second flowchart of an automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the change in light intensity with water depth at a certain moment in this invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the growth status of *Vallisneria natans* under different light intensities over time.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a comparison diagram of the growth of Vallisneria natans under different flow rates according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a curve showing the daily UV lamp bar on-time setting under different chlorophyll concentrations in a certain experiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the growth status of *Vallisneria natans* under different initial chlorophyll concentrations over time.

[0038] 1. Culture tank; 2. Culture box; 3. Water inlet pipe; 4. Water outlet pipe; 5. Height adjustment mechanism; 6. Guide plate; 7. Water tank; 8. Ultraviolet lamp strip; 9. Guide rail; 10. Fan. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an efficient experimental device for submerged plants, including a culture tank 1, a culture box 2, a water inlet pipe 3, a water outlet pipe 4, a water circulation component, a water treatment component, a flow field control structure, a height adjustment mechanism 5, an air disturbance mechanism, an environmental parameter sensor, and a control module.

[0041] Specifically, a culture tank 1 contains a culture box 2, which is equipped with an environmental parameter sensor. The culture tank 1 is connected to an inlet pipe 3 and an outlet pipe 4, and a water circulation assembly, including a water pump, is connected between the inlet pipe 3 and the outlet pipe 4. The bottom of the culture tank 1 is equipped with several height adjustment mechanisms 5 for adjusting the vertical height of the culture box 2, and the lower surface of the culture box 2 is connected to the telescopic end of the height adjustment mechanism 5. The air disturbance mechanism includes a fan 10 mounted on a guide rail 9 above the culture tank 1, which moves along the guide rail 9. The environmental parameter sensor, the water circulation assembly, the height adjustment mechanism 5, and the air disturbance mechanism are all connected to the control module via wireless communication. The water treatment component is an ultraviolet algae sterilization box, which includes a water tank 7 and several ultraviolet lamp strips 8 mounted on its side wall. The environmental parameter sensor includes multiple types of sensors such as flow rate, temperature, light intensity, nutrients, and chlorophyll.

[0042] In this embodiment, the hardware configuration of the control module includes a microcontroller unit, a signal acquisition unit, a power drive unit, a wireless communication unit, and a power management unit.

[0043] The microcontroller unit uses an STM32F407VGT6 chip and runs the embedded real-time operating system FreeRTOS to execute control algorithms, manage sensor data, and generate control commands.

[0044] The signal acquisition unit includes a multi-channel ADC conversion circuit and a digital signal isolation circuit, used to receive analog or digital signals transmitted by environmental parameter sensors;

[0045] The power drive unit is used to output control signals to the water pump, height adjustment mechanism 5, ultraviolet lamp strip 8, and fan 10;

[0046] The wireless communication unit includes an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module or an HC-05 Bluetooth module, supporting the TCP / IP protocol stack to achieve bidirectional data transmission with the control terminal;

[0047] The power management unit includes an AC-DC conversion module, a voltage regulator circuit, and a UPS backup power supply to ensure stable power supply to all components.

[0048] In this embodiment, the software system built into the control module adopts a layered architecture, including a data acquisition layer, a decision control layer, and an execution output layer.

[0049] The data acquisition layer polls each environmental parameter sensor at a fixed period T0, then performs moving average filtering and outlier removal on the acquired data, and finally stores the processed data in a circular buffer and marks it with a timestamp.

[0050] The decision control layer receives target parameters set by the user through the control terminal, including the target flow rate. Target light intensity Target temperature chlorophyll concentration threshold Then, a control strategy is selected based on the current operating mode. For example, in manual mode, the control commands input by the user are executed directly; in automatic mode, the control quantity is calculated by calling the PID algorithm; and in linkage mode, the various devices are automatically coordinated based on the multi-parameter coupling relationship.

[0051] The execution output layer converts the control quantity calculated by the decision layer into a PWM duty cycle, and then outputs a control signal to the actuator through the power drive unit to monitor the actuator feedback status and realize closed-loop control.

[0052] Furthermore, the water inlet of the water tank 7 is connected to the water inlet pipe, and water is introduced into the water tank 7 by a water pump installed at the water inlet pipe. The water outlet of the water tank 7 is connected to the culture tank 1, and the water after algae removal is introduced into the culture tank 1 through the flow field control structure. A water pump is also installed at the water outlet pipe to discharge the water in the culture tank 1, which works in conjunction with the water pump installed at the water inlet pipe to achieve water circulation.

[0053] In this embodiment, the height adjustment mechanism 5 is mainly composed of an electric hydraulic cylinder with a waterproof structure. It is vertically installed at the bottom of the culture tank 1, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the culture box 2. The height adjustment mechanism 5 is controlled by receiving light intensity data from the light sensor through the control terminal, thereby automatically adjusting the height of the culture box 2 so that the submerged plants are in a suitable light gradient range. The lifting range of the hydraulic cylinder can be 0-80% of the bottom depth of the pool, and the lifting accuracy can reach 1cm.

[0054] The inlet pipe 3 and outlet pipe 4 are respectively set on opposite sides of the culture tank 1. The above-mentioned water pump and ultraviolet algae removal box are connected in series between them to form a water circulation. The inlet pipe 3 and outlet pipe 4 are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the culture tank 1. The inlet and outlet of the culture tank 1 are equipped with slot structures, which can be inserted or removed with flow field control structures with different holes and gaps. The flow field control structure consists of several guide plates 6. The water flow rate in the culture tank 1 can be controlled by adjusting the circulation power.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, as an embodiment, the function of the guide plate 6 can be divided into three types according to the holes or gaps opened on it: a uniform and neat array of round holes can form a uniform laminar flow; a neat rectangular gap at the top can form a surface laminar flow; and an irregular arrangement of holes and gaps can form turbulent flow.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, an automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants includes the following steps:

[0057] Real-time environmental data is collected through environmental parameter sensors;

[0058] The environmental parameter sensor further sends the real-time environmental data to the control module;

[0059] The control module controls the water circulation component based on the real-time environmental data.

[0060] Specifically, the control module compares the measured flow velocity with the target flow velocity and uses a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control algorithm to dynamically fine-tune the pump power. The pump is a variable frequency submersible pump. When the measured flow velocity is lower than the target value, the pump power is increased; conversely, the pump power is reduced until the deviation is less than ±0.02 m / s.

[0061] In this embodiment, when the control module uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the water pump power, it uses the actual flow rate within the culture box 2 area. With target flow rate Using the deviation as input, the pump power adjustment is calculated through the following steps:

[0062] S11: Calculate the velocity deviation at the current time k. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] ,

[0064] in, The target flow rate set by the user, This represents the actual flow velocity measured by the miniature wireless flow meter at the current moment.

[0065] S12: The positional PID algorithm is used to calculate the pump power control quantity u(k). The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0066] ,

[0067] in, This is a proportionality coefficient, and in this embodiment, its value ranges from 0.5 to 2.0. This is the integration coefficient, which in this embodiment ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, and is used to eliminate steady-state error. This is the differential coefficient, which in this embodiment ranges from 0.001 to 0.01, and is used to suppress overshoot. The sampling period is fixed at 1 second. For the integral accumulation term of the deviation, an integral limit of ±500 is set to prevent integral saturation. This represents the rate of change of the deviation.

[0068] S13: The control quantity obtained from PID calculation Converted to water pump power percentage The specific formula is as follows:

[0069] ,

[0070] in, This represents the percentage of the pump's base power; the default is 30%. The power adjustment step size is fixed at 5% in this embodiment;

[0071] right Amplitude limiting is applied: ,in =10%, =100%.

[0072] S14: The control module adjusts the water pump drive voltage via a PWM signal. The PWM frequency is set to 10kHz, and the duty cycle is... The flow rate is directly proportional to the rated power of the pump, which is a variable frequency submersible pump with a rated power of 200W and an adjustable flow rate of 0-2000L / h.

[0073] S15: If If the system reaches a steady state, the current power output is maintained; otherwise, the process returns to step S11 to continue adjustment. In this embodiment... It is ±0.02 m / s.

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants, which further includes the following steps:

[0075] S1: Collect real-time environmental data measured by environmental parameter sensors, including light intensity and water flow rate data;

[0076] S2: Adjust the height of the culture box by controlling the height adjustment mechanism according to the light intensity;

[0077] S3: Control the water circulation component to introduce circulating water into the culture box;

[0078] S4: The flow pattern of water entering the culture box is adjusted through the flow field control structure;

[0079] S5: Pass the circulating water through water treatment components to reduce algae or microorganisms;

[0080] S6: Control the air disturbance mechanism to generate wind disturbance according to environmental changes;

[0081] S7: The control module automatically adjusts the above steps according to the set threshold.

[0082] In step S4, different flow patterns are formed by adjusting the position and / or number of holes and / or slits on the flow field control structure, that is, by replacing different guide plates to form different flow patterns. In step S7, automatic linkage control includes an automatic control strategy based on light, water temperature, nutrient salt or chlorophyll concentration thresholds.

[0083] Furthermore, when adjusting the flow pattern of water entering the culture box through the flow field control structure, the specific implementation method of flow field control is as follows: by inserting guide plates of different shapes and adjusting the water pump flow rate, uniform laminar flow, surface laminar flow, and upper turbulent flow are formed in the culture box 2 area, and the flow velocity is maintained in the range of 0-0.5 m / s; the control module receives real-time flow velocity data from the miniature wireless flow meter. The sampling frequency of the miniature wireless flow meter is adjustable, with a maximum of once per second. The miniature wireless flow meter adopts a multi-point arrangement, with at least 3 monitoring points set in the culture box area.

[0084] As an example, to verify the effect of flow field regulation, a common submerged plant, Vallisnerianatans, was selected for a cultivation experiment. Three sets of flow velocity conditions were set up in the experiment: static water (≈0 m / s), low-velocity flow (0.05 m / s, laminar flow), and high-velocity flow (0.15 m / s, turbulent flow). Other environmental factors were kept consistent. The cultivation period was 21 days, and the average wet weight of Vallisnerianatans was used as the evaluation index.

[0085] Experimental results are as follows Figure 9 As shown, the median wet weight of *Vallisneria natans* in the static water group was (2.91, IQR = 0.2) g, in the low-velocity flow group it was (3.07, IQR = 0.12) g, and in the high-velocity flow group it was (2.80, IQR = 0.11) g. The results indicate that moderate water flow (i.e., laminar flow of 0.05 m / s) significantly promotes *Vallisneria natans* growth; while excessively strong water flow causes mechanical damage and inhibits growth.

[0086] Furthermore, the circulating water passes through a water treatment component to reduce algae or microorganisms. Specifically, the circulating water passes through an ultraviolet (UV) algae-killing chamber for algae removal. The UV algae-killing chamber consists of a sealed water tank 7. UV lamps with a wavelength of 265nm and a power of 10-30W are attached to the two opposite side walls of the water tank 7. The water tank and UV lamps 8 are covered with a light-shielding cloth to block UV radiation. When the circulating water flows through the inside of the water tank 7, the water is irradiated by the UV lamps 8 to inhibit algae growth and reduce interference from non-target organisms in the experimental system. The daily operating time of the UV lamps 8 is dynamically adjusted according to the chlorophyll concentration.

[0087] As an example, the control objective in the ultraviolet algae control process is to suppress the chlorophyll a concentration in the circulating water to any concentration below 15 μg / L. The core data source is the chlorophyll a concentration data collected by the chlorophyll sensor, with a sampling frequency of up to once per minute. The auxiliary data source is the light attenuation coefficient (k) calculated from the light data collected by the light sensor. d The turbidity of the water body is converted into water turbidity for cross-validation of water transparency. The total daily operating time T is dynamically calculated using the following formula:

[0088] ,

[0089] in, This is the minimum daily operating time. These are morphological coefficients and can be changed according to task requirements; The current chlorophyll concentration (μg / L); The set chlorophyll concentration for the system mutation can be changed (μg / L) according to task requirements.

[0090] Within each day, the UV light strip is prioritized to be turned on up to T. min The duration is then used to determine the total operating time T required for the current chlorophyll concentration using a formula. If T > T0 min If T=T, then continue operating until the cumulative duration reaches T; min If the UV light bar is turned off, then turn it off. If the chlorophyll concentration exceeds the concentration at the time of shutdown for five consecutive measurements after turning it off, then turn the UV light bar back on and calculate the extended operating time required.

[0091] Figure 10 A graph showing the daily on-time setting of UV lamp strip 8 under different chlorophyll concentrations in a certain experiment. Figure 11 This is a graph showing the changes in the growth status of Vallisneria natans over time under different initial chlorophyll concentrations.

[0092] Furthermore, the environmental parameter sensor includes a light sensor, and the automatic control method also includes: collecting light intensity through the light sensor and sending it to the control module, and the control module controlling the height adjustment mechanism according to the light intensity.

[0093] As one example, the control module controls the height adjustment mechanism based on the light intensity. That is, when performing automatic height and light regulation, the control objective is to ensure that the light intensity at the depth of the culture box is consistent with the value input from the control terminal. Similarly, this input value should be determined based on the experimental objective and the type of submerged plant. If the input value is greater than the light intensity at 80% of the bottom of the pool, the culture box should be stopped at that point.

[0094] Specifically, during data collection, the core data source is the light intensity at a distance of 80% from the bottom of the water tank, collected by the light sensor on the culture box. Real-time in-situ light intensity collected by the light sensor on the culture box Furthermore, profile data collection is required to fit key parameters. Specifically, the daily control module drives the height adjustment mechanism 5 to pause and record the illumination value at at least five preset depths, such as 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 90 cm below the water surface, in order to fit the illumination attenuation coefficient kd for the current hour.

[0095] In this embodiment, the target depth change is first calculated. The specific formula is as follows:

[0096] ,

[0097] in, Elevation variation (m); The light attenuation factor (m) for the current hour -1 ); The value (Lux) input to the control terminal; The light intensity (Lux) at the current depth of the culture box.

[0098] The control module generates movement commands, driving the height adjustment mechanism to rise and fall at a speed of 10mm / s until the depth difference is less than 3cm. The above process is repeated once per hour to achieve dynamic lighting control.

[0099] To verify this function, Vallisneria natans was selected for experiments with different light gradients. Two sets of light conditions were set up: high light intensity (20,000 Lux) and medium light intensity (4,000 Lux), which were achieved through automatic height adjustment. The cultivation period was 21 days.

[0100] Experimental results are as follows Figure 8As shown, the average wet weight of Vallisneria natans in the high light intensity group was (1.66±0.06) g, while that in the medium light intensity group was (2.15±0.11) g. The results indicate that Vallisneria natans grows better under medium light intensity (approximately 3000-4000 Lux).

[0101] Figure 7 The experiment shows the measured curve of light intensity in tank 7 changing with water depth at a certain moment, plotted by the control terminal. The exponential decay law of light can be clearly observed, verifying the accuracy of the light model.

[0102] Furthermore, the air disturbance mechanism generates wind disturbance according to environmental changes. The air disturbance mechanism includes a closed elliptical guide rail 9 set above the culture tank. Two to four wireless electric fans 10 are installed on the guide rail. The fans 10 can move along the guide rail at a speed of 0.05-0.2 m / s, which can realize the simulation of different wind field conditions.

[0103] Specifically, the control objective of wind field condition simulation is to simulate wind fields with wind speeds below 8 m / s, periods ranging from several minutes to several hours, and arbitrary wind direction changes. When collecting data, the core data source is the parameters such as wind speed, wind period, and wind direction mode set by the user through the control terminal.

[0104] In this embodiment, the wind field parameters of the control module are parsed into a set of timing control instructions for several independent wind turbines 10. For example, for gust simulation: one instruction is generated every minute to switch the power of all wind turbines 10 on the guide rail 9 between 0% and 90% according to the wind turbine number. The switching function can be in the form of a sine wave or a square wave, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0105] ,

[0106] in, Let be the percentage of power of the i-th fan at time t; The maximum fan power is denoted as 1 (usually 90% of the rated power); T is the wind cycle. This represents the phase offset of the i-th wind turbine, used to generate a spatially non-uniform wind field.

[0107] This device can simulate various wind stress conditions, such as constant wind (all fans at constant power), rotating wind (fans moving along guide rails), and gusts (power changing periodically), to study the impact of wind disturbance on submerged plants and the surface flow field.

[0108] As an example, the automated linkage control logic specifically involves the system automatically performing tasks such as data acquisition, parameter adjustment, and status inspection according to a preset schedule; when sensor data exceeds the set threshold range, corresponding control actions are automatically triggered. For example, when the chlorophyll concentration exceeds 15 μg / L, the aforementioned ultraviolet algae-killing box is automatically activated; when the light intensity deviation exceeds 10%, height adjustment is automatically activated; multi-parameter coupling control is adopted. For example, when the flow rate increases, the height of the culture box is automatically reduced to compensate for the light attenuation caused by the water flow; when the wind field strengthens, the ultraviolet algae-killing box is turned on in advance to suppress the suspended proliferation of algae caused by wind and waves.

[0109] Users can remotely monitor experimental status, modify control parameters, and download experimental data through PC software or mobile APP. The control module supports 4G / 5G networks, enabling remote management from different locations.

[0110] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants, characterized in that: The device includes a culture tank, a culture box installed inside the culture tank, an environmental parameter sensor installed on the culture box, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe connected to the culture tank, a water circulation assembly connected between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, the water circulation assembly including a water pump, and the environmental parameter sensor and the water circulation assembly being communicatively connected to a control module.

2. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to each other on both sides of the culture tank, and a water treatment component is provided on the circulating water path inside the culture tank.

3. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the culture tank is provided with several height adjustment mechanisms for adjusting the vertical height of the culture box, and the lower surface of the culture box is connected to the telescopic end of the height adjustment mechanism.

4. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: The culture tank has an inlet and an outlet on each side. A flow field control structure is provided inside the culture tank near the inlet and / or outlet. The flow field control structure includes a guide plate with several holes and / or gaps. The flow field control structure is detachably connected to the inner wall of the culture tank.

5. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water treatment assembly includes a water tank and an ultraviolet lamp strip installed on the side wall of the water tank.

6. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air disturbance mechanism, which includes a guide rail disposed above the culture tank and a fan, the fan being movably disposed on the guide rail.

7. The high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide plate includes a first guide plate, a second guide plate, and / or a third guide plate, wherein the first guide plate has a uniform and orderly array of circular holes, the second guide plate has a plurality of neatly distributed rectangular slits, and the third guide plate has a plurality of irregular holes and / or slits.

8. An automatic control method for the cultivation environment of submerged plants, characterized in that: The method is based on a high-efficiency experimental device for submerged plants as described in any one of claims 1-7, and the method includes the following steps: Real-time environmental data is collected through environmental parameter sensors; The environmental parameter sensor further sends the real-time environmental data to the control module; The control module controls the water circulation component based on the real-time environmental data.

9. The method for automatic control of the cultivation environment of submerged plants according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: By adjusting the position and / or number of holes and / or slits on the flow field control structure, different flow patterns can be formed inside the culture tank.

10. The method for automatic control of the cultivation environment of submerged plants according to claim 8, characterized in that: The environmental parameter sensor includes a light sensor, and the method further includes: collecting light intensity through the light sensor and sending it to the control module, wherein the control module controls the height adjustment mechanism according to the light intensity.

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