Charging device and method of operating the same

Abstract

This invention proposes a charging device and its operating method. The charging device is installed to a power system via a first power line, a second power line, and a ground wire. The charging device includes a first processor, a second processor, and a microcontroller. The first processor is coupled to the first and second power lines and is used to generate a first voltage judgment signal. The second processor is coupled to the second power line and the ground wire and is used to generate a second voltage judgment signal. The microcontroller is coupled to the first and second processors and is used to determine the power standard of the power system based on the first and second voltage judgment signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus, and more particularly to a charging apparatus and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] As electric vehicles become increasingly popular globally, the demand for charging stations is growing year by year in countries around the world. However, before installing charging station equipment, installers must configure the charging station internally according to the power standards of different countries or regions to ensure that the charging station can correctly detect ground monitoring interruption (GMI) functions. Because different countries or regions use different power specifications and voltage standards, incorrect installation settings may mistakenly trigger the charging station's ground monitoring interruption function, resulting in the charging station being unable to charge or performing incorrect charging operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a charging device and its operating method, which can automatically determine the power standard of the power system.

[0004] A charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed to a power system via a first power line, a second power line, and a ground wire. The charging device includes a first processor, a second processor, and a microcontroller. The first processor is coupled to the first and second power lines and is used to generate a first voltage determination signal. The second processor is coupled to the second power line and the ground wire and is used to generate a second voltage determination signal. The microcontroller is coupled to the first and second processors and is used to determine the power standard of the power system based on the first and second voltage determination signals.

[0005] An operating method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a charging device. The charging device is installed to a power system via a first power line, a second power line, and a grounding wire. The operating method includes the following steps: a first processor detects the first power line and the second power line to generate a first voltage judgment signal; a second processor detects the second power line and the grounding wire to generate a second voltage judgment signal; and a microcontroller determines the power standard of the power system based on the first voltage judgment signal and the second voltage judgment signal.

[0006] Based on the above, the charging device and its operating method of the present invention can effectively determine the power standard of the power system by detecting the voltage of the first power line, the second power line and the grounding wire.

[0007] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the operation method of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the operation method of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of voltage detection results according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0015] 100, 300: Charging device

[0016] 101, 301: First Power Line

[0017] 102, 302: Second power line

[0018] 103, 303: Grounding wire

[0019] 110, 310: First processor

[0020] 120, 320: Second processor

[0021] 130, 330: Microcontrollers

[0022] 140, 340: Relays

[0023] 200, 400: Power System

[0024] 350: Detection circuit

[0025] 351: Step-down circuit

[0026] 352: Signal Amplifier

[0027] 360: Residual Current Device

[0028] 371~374: Resistor Units

[0029] 381~383: Isolators

[0030] 601~604: Curves

[0031] P1, P2: Coordinate points

[0032] S210~S230, S501~S508: Steps Detailed Implementation

[0033] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Component symbols used in the following description are considered identical or similar when they appear in different drawings. These embodiments are only a part of the present invention and do not disclose all possible implementations of the invention. More precisely, these embodiments are merely examples of the apparatus and methods described in the claims of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 1 The charging device 100 includes a first power line 101, a second power line 102, a grounding wire 103, a first processor 110, a second processor 120, a microcontroller 130, and a relay 140. The first power line 101 can be an L power line or an L1 power line, and the second power line 102 can be an N power line or an L2 power line. The grounding wire 103 can be a protective earthing (PE) wire. The microcontroller (MCU) 130 can also be a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a combination of the above components.

[0035] In one embodiment, the charging device 100 is coupled to the power system 200 via a first power line 101, a second power line 102, and a ground line 103. A first processor 110 is coupled to the first power line 101, the second power line 102, and a microcontroller 130. A second processor 120 is coupled to the second power line 102, the ground line 103, and the microcontroller 130. The microcontroller 130 is also coupled to the ground line 103. A relay 140 is coupled to the first power line 101 and the second power line 102.

[0036] In one embodiment, the charging device 100 may be a vehicle charging station, but the invention is not limited thereto. The power system 200 may be a power source, and the voltage standard of the power system 200 may vary depending on the regulations of different regions or countries. Furthermore, the voltage signals obtained from the power system 200 by the first power line 101, the second power line 102, and the grounding wire 103 are determined according to the voltage standard of the power system 200. In this embodiment, the first processor 110 and the second processor 120 may each be a meter processor.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation method of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The charging device 100 can execute the following steps S210 to S230. In step S210, the first processor 110 can detect the first power line 101 and the second power line 102 to generate a first voltage judgment signal. In this embodiment, the first processor 110 can detect the voltages of the first power line 101 and the second power line 102 respectively, and generate the first voltage judgment signal based on the voltage difference (AC voltage difference) between the first power line 101 and the second power line 102.

[0038] In step S220, the second processor 120 can detect the second power line 102 and the ground line 103 to generate a second voltage judgment signal. In this embodiment, the second processor 120 can detect the voltage of the second power line 102 and the ground line 103 respectively, and generate a second voltage judgment signal based on the voltage difference (AC voltage difference) between the second power line 102 and the ground line 103. In step S230, the microcontroller 130 can determine the power standard of the power system 200 based on the first voltage judgment signal and the second voltage judgment signal.

[0039] In one embodiment, in response to the power standard of the power system 200 being either the TT or TN power system standard, the first power line 101 functions as a live wire (i.e., the L power line), and the second power line 102 functions as a neutral wire (i.e., the N power line). In response to the power standard of the power system 200 being the IT power system standard, the first power line 101 functions as the first live wire (i.e., the L1 power line), and the second power line 102 functions as the second live wire (i.e., the L2 power line), wherein the voltage waveforms of the voltage signals transmitted by the first and second live wires have the same frequency and phase difference. In this embodiment, the microcontroller 130 can automatically determine whether the power system 200 is a TT, TN, or IT power system based on the first and second voltage judgment signals, so that the charging device 100 can be subsequently installed and configured for use.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 3 The charging device 300 includes a first power line 301, a second power line 302, a ground wire 303, a first processor 310, a second processor 320, a microcontroller 330, a relay 340, a detection circuit 350, a residual current device (RCD) 360, resistor units 371-374, and isolators 381-383. In this embodiment, the charging device 300 is coupled to the power system 400 via the first power line 301, the second power line 302, and the ground wire 303. Resistor units 371-374 may each consist of one or more resistors.

[0041] In one embodiment, a first processor 310 is coupled to a first power line 301 via a resistor unit 371 and to a second power line 302 via a resistor unit 372. The first processor 310 is also coupled to a microcontroller 330 via an isolator 381. A second processor 320 is coupled to the second power line 302 via a resistor unit 373 and to a ground line 303 via a resistor unit 374 and an isolator 382, ​​wherein the resistor unit 374 and the isolator 382 are connected in series. The second processor 320 is also coupled to the microcontroller 330 via an isolator 383 for primary and secondary electrical isolation.

[0042] In one embodiment, the microcontroller 330 is also coupled to a ground wire 303. A relay 340 is coupled to a first power line 301 and a second power line 302. A detection circuit 350 is coupled to the first power line 301, the ground wire 302, and the microcontroller 330. A residual current device 360 ​​may be disposed on the first power line 301 and the second power line 302.

[0043] In one embodiment, the microcontroller 330 can obtain a first voltage judgment signal through the first processor 310 and a second voltage judgment signal through the second processor 320, and effectively determine the power standard of the power system 400 based on the first and second voltage judgment signals. The microcontroller 330 can also detect the first power line 301 and the ground line 303 through the detection circuit 350 to generate a voltage detection signal. In this embodiment, the microcontroller 330 can read the judgment formula according to the power standard, and determine whether the charging device 330 is correctly installed in the power system 400 based on the judgment formula and the voltage detection signal.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 3 as well as Figure 4In this embodiment, the detection circuit 350 may include a step-down circuit 351 and a signal amplifier 352. The step-down circuit 351 is coupled to the signal amplifier 352. The step-down circuit 351 may be coupled to the first power line 301 and the ground line 303 to obtain the voltage difference between the first power line 301 and the ground line 303 and step it down. The signal amplifier 352 may amplify the stepped-down signal output by the step-down circuit 351 to generate a voltage detection signal.

[0045] See again Figure 3 In one embodiment, after the charging device 300 is activated, the first processor 310 can detect the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 to obtain the AC voltage values ​​of the first power line 301 and the second power line 302, respectively. The first processor 310 can subtract the AC voltage values ​​of the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 to obtain the voltage difference between the first power line 301 and the second power line 302, and output a first voltage judgment signal with the first AC voltage value of the voltage difference result to the microcontroller 330.

[0046] In one embodiment, after the charging device 300 is activated, the second processor 320 can detect the second power line 302 and the ground line 303 to obtain the AC voltage values ​​of the second power line 302 and the ground line 303, respectively. The first processor 310 can subtract the AC voltage values ​​of the second power line 302 and the ground line 303 to obtain the voltage difference between the second power line 302 and the ground line 303, and output a second voltage judgment signal with the second AC voltage value of the voltage difference result to the microcontroller 330.

[0047] In one embodiment, after the charging device 300 is activated, the detection circuit 350 can detect the first power line 301 and the ground line 303 to obtain the AC voltage values ​​of the second power line 302 and the ground line 303, respectively. The detection circuit 350 can generate a voltage detection signal based on the AC voltage values ​​of the second power line 302 and the ground line 303. In this embodiment, the detection circuit 350 can be used to implement the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) function and output the voltage detection signal of the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage (DC voltage value) with the ground monitoring interruption judgment result to the microcontroller 330.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation method of a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See reference) Figure 3 as well as Figure 5The charging device 300 can execute the following steps S501 to S508. In step S501, the charging device 300 is started. In step S502, the microcontroller 330 can determine whether the first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold. The first voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold. If not, in step S508, the microcontroller 330 can issue an abnormal status signal. In response to the microcontroller 330 determining that the first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is not between the first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold, the microcontroller 330 determines that the charging device 300 is not correctly installed in the power system 400.

[0049] In response to the microcontroller 330 determining that the first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, in step S503, the microcontroller 330 may further determine whether the second AC voltage value of the second voltage judgment signal is between a third voltage threshold and a fourth voltage threshold. The third voltage threshold is less than the fourth voltage threshold. If not, in step S508, the microcontroller 330 may issue an abnormal state signal. In response to the microcontroller 330 determining that the second AC voltage value of the second voltage judgment signal is not between the third voltage threshold and the fourth voltage threshold, the microcontroller 330 determines that the charging device 300 is not correctly installed in the power system 400.

[0050] In response to the microcontroller 330 determining that the first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, and that the second AC voltage value of the second voltage judgment signal is between a third voltage threshold and a fourth voltage threshold, the microcontroller 330 can read the comparison table. In step S504, the microcontroller 330 can determine whether the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conform to the voltage specifications in the comparison table. If not, in step S508, the microcontroller 330 can issue an abnormal status signal. If yes, in step S505, the microcontroller 330 reads the comparison table to determine whether the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conform to the voltage specifications in the comparison table.

[0051] In one embodiment, the comparison table of the microcontroller 330 can pre-store information on multiple voltage specifications corresponding to different power standards, and search for a corresponding voltage specification using a first AC voltage value and a second AC voltage value. If not, in step S508, the microcontroller 330 can issue an abnormal status signal. If yes, in step S505, the microcontroller 330 can read the judgment formula corresponding to the voltage specification. It is worth noting that the judgment formula is the Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) judgment formula. Different power standards correspond to different Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) judgment formulas.

[0052] In step S506, the microcontroller 330 determines whether the charging device is correctly installed in the power system 400 based on the judgment formula and the voltage detection signal. If not, in step S508, the microcontroller 330 can issue an abnormal status signal. If yes, in step S507, the charging device 300 is successfully installed in the power system 400. In one embodiment, in response to the charging device 300 determining that it is successfully installed in the power system 400, the charging device 300 can operate in a standby state. In response to the charging device 300 being coupled to the device to be charged (e.g., the charging module of an electric vehicle) via the first power line 301 and the second power line 302, the charging device 300 can supply power to the device to be charged according to the power signal provided by the power system 400 to perform a charging operation on the device to be charged.

[0053] For example, the following description uses the power standards of Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and Europe as examples. As shown in Table 1 below, corresponding to the power standards of Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and Europe, the voltage difference between the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 can be approximately between 180Vac and 264Vac. Therefore, the aforementioned first voltage threshold can be set to, for example, 180Vac, and the second voltage threshold can be set to, for example, 264Vac, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, as shown in Table 1 below, corresponding to the power standards of Taiwan, Japan, the United States, and Europe, the voltage difference between the second power line 302 and the grounding wire 303 can be approximately between 0Vac and 132Vac. Therefore, the aforementioned third voltage threshold can be set to, for example, 0Vac, and the fourth voltage threshold can be set to, for example, 132Vac, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 1

[0057] In response to the voltage relationship between the first power line 301, the second power line 302, and the grounding wire 303, as determined by steps S502 and S503, the microcontroller 330 can again compare whether the voltage difference between the two voltage lines satisfies one of the multiple regions in Table 1. If so, the microcontroller 330 will read the corresponding Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) determination formula to determine the voltage detection signal provided by the detection circuit 350.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of voltage detection results according to an embodiment of the present invention. (Reference) Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 The ground monitoring interruption (GMI) judgment formula corresponding to the TT power system standard and the TN power system standard can be expressed as follows: Figure 6 Curves 601 and 602. In one embodiment, the upper half of curve 601 is a recovery area, the lower half of curve 602 is a trip area triggering ground monitoring interruption protection, and the area between curves 601 and 602 is a hysteresis area. Accordingly, corresponding to the TT power system standard and the TN power system standard, the coordinate points corresponding to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 fall in the lower half of curve 602, and the microcontroller 330 can execute ground monitoring interruption protection. In response to the coordinate points corresponding to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 falling in the upper half of curve 601, the microcontroller 330 can restore the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) protection mechanism to reset the charging operation of the charging device 300. In response to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the coordinate points corresponding to the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 falling within the tolerance area between curves 601 and 602, the microcontroller 330 may not switch the operating mode of the charging device 300 to avoid frequent switching and reduce wear.

[0059] In one embodiment, the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) judgment formula corresponding to the IT power system standard can be expressed as follows: Figure 6Curves 603 and 604 are used. In this embodiment, the upper half of curve 603 is the trip area for triggering ground monitoring interruption protection, the lower half of curve 604 is the recovery area, and the area between curves 603 and 604 is the hysteresis area. Therefore, in response to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage (DC voltage) of the voltage detection signal and the coordinate points corresponding to the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 falling in the upper half of curve 603, the microcontroller 330 can execute ground monitoring interruption protection. In response to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the coordinate points corresponding to the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 falling in the lower half of curve 604, the microcontroller 330 can restore the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) protection mechanism to reset the charging operation of the charging device 300. In response to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the coordinate points corresponding to the input voltages provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 falling within the tolerance area between curves 603 and 604, the microcontroller 330 may not switch the operating mode of the charging device 300 to avoid frequent switching and reduce wear.

[0060] In other words, if the microcontroller 330 uses an incorrect Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) judgment formula to determine the voltage detection signal, it will cause the charging device 300 to operate in an incorrect mode. Therefore, in this embodiment, the microcontroller 330 can first determine the power system standard of the power system 400 by the voltage difference between the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 and the voltage difference between the second power line 302 and the ground line 303, and then effectively and automatically determine whether the charging device 300 is correctly grounded by using the corresponding Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) judgment formula.

[0061] For example, refer to Figure 6Taking the power system standard of Taiwan as an example, which is either the TT or TN power system standard, the microcontroller 330 can first determine the coordinate points corresponding to the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) voltage of the voltage detection signal and the input voltage provided by the first power line 301 and the second power line 302 using curves 601 and 602. For example, coordinate point P1 falls above curve 601, so the microcontroller 330 can restore the ground monitoring interruption (GMI) protection mechanism to resume the charging operation of the charging device 300. For example, coordinate point P2 falls below curve 602, so the microcontroller 330 can execute ground monitoring interruption protection. Conversely, if the coordinate points P1 and P2 are determined using curves 603 and 604 corresponding to the IT power system standard, misjudgment will occur, leading to malfunction of the charging device 300.

[0062] In summary, the charging device and its operating method of the present invention can effectively determine whether the charging device is correctly installed by automatically detecting multiple voltage differences between the first power line, the second power line and the grounding wire of the power system, and determining the power standard of the power system based on the multiple voltage differences, thereby automatically and correctly reading the corresponding Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) judgment formula and the Ground Monitoring Interruption (GMI) voltage.

[0063] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charging device, connected to a power system via a first power line, a second power line, and a grounding wire, the charging device comprising: A first processor is coupled to the first power line and the second power line, and is used to generate a first voltage determination signal; A second processor is coupled to the second power line and the ground line, and is used to generate a second voltage determination signal; as well as A microcontroller, coupled to the first processor and the second processor, is used to determine a power standard of the power system based on the first voltage judgment signal and the second voltage judgment signal.

2. The charging device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: A detection circuit, coupled to the first power line, the ground line, and the microcontroller, is used to generate a voltage detection signal. The microcontroller reads a judgment formula based on the power standard, and then uses the judgment formula and the voltage detection signal to determine whether the charging device is correctly installed in the power system.

3. The charging device as described in claim 2, wherein the judgment formula is a grounding monitoring interruption judgment formula.

4. The charging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first processor generates the first voltage determination signal based on the voltage difference between the first power line and the second power line. In response to the microcontroller determining that a first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is not between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, the microcontroller determines that the charging device is not correctly installed in the power system. The first voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold.

5. The charging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second processor generates the second voltage determination signal based on the voltage difference between the second power line and the grounding wire. In response to the microcontroller determining that a second AC voltage value of the second voltage judgment signal is not between a third voltage threshold and a fourth voltage threshold, the microcontroller determines that the charging device is not correctly installed in the power system. The third voltage threshold is less than the fourth voltage threshold.

6. The charging device of claim 5, wherein in response to the microcontroller determining that the first AC voltage value of the first voltage determination signal is between the first voltage threshold and the second voltage threshold, and a second AC voltage value of the second voltage determination signal is between the third voltage threshold and the fourth voltage threshold, the microcontroller reads a comparison table to determine whether the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conform to a voltage specification of the comparison table.

7. The charging device of claim 6, wherein in response to the microcontroller determining that the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conform to the voltage specification of the comparison table, the microcontroller reads the determination formula corresponding to the voltage specification.

8. The charging device of claim 2, wherein the detection circuit comprises: A step-down circuit is coupled to the first power line and the ground line, and is used to step down a voltage difference signal between the first power line and the ground line to generate a stepped-down voltage difference signal. as well as A signal amplifier is coupled to the step-down circuit and is used to amplify the stepped-down voltage difference signal to output the voltage detection signal.

9. The charging device of claim 1, wherein, in response to the power standard being a TT power system standard or a TN power system standard, the first power line functions as a live wire, and the second power line functions as a neutral wire.

10. The charging device of claim 1, wherein, in response to the power standard being an IT power system standard, the first power line functions as a first live wire, and the second power line functions as a second live wire. The voltage waveforms of the voltage signals transmitted by the first live wire and the second live wire have the same frequency and phase difference.

11. A method of operating a charging device, the charging device being connected to a power system via a first power line, a second power line, and a grounding wire, the method comprising: A first processor detects the first power line and the second power line to generate a first voltage determination signal; A second processor detects the second power line and the ground line to generate a second voltage determination signal; as well as A microcontroller determines a power standard for the power system based on the first voltage judgment signal and the second voltage judgment signal.

12. The operating method as described in claim 11, comprising: A voltage detection signal is generated by detecting the first power line and the ground wire through a detection circuit. The microcontroller reads a judgment formula based on the power standard. as well as The microcontroller determines whether the charging device is correctly installed in the power system based on the judgment formula and the voltage detection signal.

13. The operation method as described in claim 12, wherein the judgment formula is a grounding monitoring interruption judgment formula.

14. The operating method as described in claim 12, further comprising: If a first AC voltage value, in response to the first voltage judgment signal, is not between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, the microcontroller determines that the charging device is not correctly installed in the power system. The first voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold.

15. The operating method as described in claim 14, further comprising: If a second AC voltage value, in response to the second voltage judgment signal, is not between a third voltage threshold and a fourth voltage threshold, the microcontroller determines that the charging device is not correctly installed in the power system. The third voltage threshold is less than the fourth voltage threshold.

16. The operating method as described in claim 15, further comprising: The first AC voltage value of the first voltage judgment signal is between a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, and the second AC voltage value of the second voltage judgment signal is between the third voltage threshold and the fourth voltage threshold. The microcontroller reads a comparison table to determine whether the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conform to a voltage specification of the comparison table.

17. The operating method as described in claim 16, further comprising: In response to the first AC voltage value and the second AC voltage value conforming to the voltage specification in the comparison table, the microcontroller reads the judgment formula corresponding to the voltage specification.

18. The operating method of claim 12, wherein the method for generating the voltage detection signal comprises: A step-down circuit is used to step down the voltage difference signal between the first power line and the grounding wire to generate a stepped-down voltage difference signal. as well as The stepped-down voltage difference signal is amplified by a signal amplifier to output the voltage detection signal.

19. The operating method of claim 11, wherein in response to the power standard being a TT power system standard or a TN power system standard, the first power line functions as a live wire, and the second power line functions as a neutral wire.

20. The method of operation as claimed in claim 11, wherein, in response to the power standard being an IT power system standard, the first power line functions as a first live wire, and the second power line functions as a second live wire. The voltage waveforms of the voltage signals transmitted by the first live wire and the second live wire have the same frequency and phase difference.

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