A faraday cage self-powered noise suppression system

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-powered noise suppression system for a Faraday cylinder. Based on a traditional Faraday cylinder device, this system adds a thermoelectric power generation module, a current sensor, an operational amplifier, a supercapacitor, and a DC / AC converter. The thermoelectric power generation module is installed on the outer wall of the Faraday cylinder and utilizes the Seebeck effect to convert waste heat generated by charged particles impacting the cylinder wall into electrical energy. This energy is then stored in the supercapacitor and used to power subsequent circuits. The current sensor detects the common-mode current, the operational amplifier generates an inverted reference signal, and the DC / AC converter converts the direct current into alternating current matching the reference signal and injects it across the measuring resistor, thus canceling common-mode noise. This invention achieves self-powering by recovering waste heat from the Faraday cylinder wall, effectively suppressing common-mode noise while improving system energy utilization, reducing system size, and lowering costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of charged particle beam measurement equipment, specifically relating to a Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system. Background Technology

[0002] The Faraday cup is a core device for measuring the intensity of charged particle beams. It collects charged particles and converts them into measurable electrical signals to accurately determine the charge of the particle beam. In the field of particle accelerators, the measurement accuracy of the Faraday cup directly affects the monitoring and adjustment of the accelerator's operating status, and determines the quality and stability of the particle beam.

[0003] In the actual use of Faraday cups, due to various factors such as external electromagnetic field interference, grounding system defects, and internal circuit coupling, common-mode current will be generated in the measurement circuit of the Faraday cup due to the parasitic capacitance between the cup and external electronic equipment, which will in turn generate common-mode noise. This noise will cause significant errors in the charge measurement of the Faraday cup and seriously affect the measurement accuracy.

[0004] There are three main strategies for suppressing common-mode noise in Faraday cylinders in the existing technology: The first is to add a transformer shielding layer, which involves placing electric field shielding copper foil between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in the power supply circuit to reduce stray capacitance and suppress high-frequency noise coupling. However, this method increases the size of the transformer and weakens the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary windings, resulting in a decrease in converter efficiency. The second is a passive filter scheme, which involves connecting capacitors across the live wire-ground wire and neutral wire-ground wire in the power supply circuit to form a low-pass filter to suppress high-frequency common-mode noise. This scheme requires the introduction of additional capacitors, which increases the system size, and the capacitor capacity needs to be customized according to the noise frequency, lacking versatility. The third is an active common-mode noise suppression scheme, which detects common-mode noise at the grounding terminal and generates an anti-phase noise signal that is injected into the grounding wire to cancel the original noise. However, this scheme requires an additional power supply system to power the generation of the anti-phase noise signal or to draw power from the Faraday cylinder's own power supply circuit, which greatly increases the overall complexity of the system.

[0005] In summary, existing Faraday cylinder common-mode noise suppression solutions all have their own technical defects, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of system miniaturization, high utilization, versatility, and structural simplicity. Therefore, the development of a Faraday cylinder noise suppression system that requires no additional power supply, can recover energy, is small in size, and has a good suppression effect has become an urgent need in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system, which solves the technical problems of existing noise suppression solutions being large in size, low in efficiency, poor in versatility, or complex in system. By recovering waste heat from the Faraday cylinder wall, the system achieves self-powering, effectively suppressing common-mode noise while improving system energy utilization, reducing system size, and lowering costs.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system, which includes a Faraday cylinder of a traditional Faraday cylinder device, a grounding terminal, a measuring resistor and a grounding wire. The feature is that it also includes a thermoelectric power generation module, a current sensor, an operational amplifier, a supercapacitor and a DC / AC converter. The thermoelectric power generation module is laid on the outer wall of the Faraday cylinder. It uses the Seebeck effect to convert the heat energy generated by charged particles hitting the Faraday cylinder wall into electrical energy. The output power of the thermoelectric power generation modules is adjusted by connecting them in series or in parallel. The current sensor is connected to the grounding terminal and is used to detect the common-mode current at the grounding terminal; The operational amplifier is connected to the current sensor signal and is used to process the detected common-mode current to generate a reference signal with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite phase to the common-mode current. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the thermoelectric power generation module and is used to store the electrical energy converted by the thermoelectric power generation module and provide a stable voltage for the subsequent circuit. The DC / AC converter is electrically connected to the supercapacitor, the operational amplifier, and the measuring resistor, respectively. Based on the reference signal provided by the operational amplifier, the DC power output by the supercapacitor is converted into AC power with the same amplitude, frequency, and phase as the reference signal, and the AC power is injected into both ends of the measuring resistor to achieve common-mode noise suppression.

[0008] Furthermore, the supercapacitor switches its operating state according to its terminal voltage: when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is greater than 3V, it enters the discharge mode to power the DC / AC converter; when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is less than 2.7V, it enters the charging mode, and the DC / AC converter is in standby mode.

[0009] Furthermore, the topology of the DC / AC converter includes a half-bridge, a full-bridge, or a cascaded full-bridge structure.

[0010] Furthermore, when the DC / AC converter adopts a full-bridge structure, it includes a supercapacitor, four IGBT switches, a filter inductor, and a filter capacitor. The supercapacitor converts DC power into AC power through the four IGBT switches, and the filter inductor and filter capacitor are used to smooth the output current waveform and reduce high-frequency components of the current.

[0011] Furthermore, the DC / AC converter uses pulse width modulation to achieve AC-DC conversion. The reference signal output by the operational amplifier is compared with the high-frequency carrier signal to generate a pulse width signal to control the on and off of the IGBT switching transistor.

[0012] Furthermore, the interior of the Faraday cylinder has an inclined structure. Charged particles are guided by the inclined surface to impact the cylinder wall, causing electrons to overflow from the cylinder wall, forming an electric current that flows to the ground through the grounding wire, while converting some of the kinetic energy into heat energy.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Achieve self-powered operation and improve energy utilization: This invention recovers the waste heat of the Faraday cylinder wall through the thermoelectric power generation module and converts it into electrical energy to power the common mode noise suppression circuit. No additional power supply system is required, nor is it necessary to draw power from the Faraday cylinder's own power supply circuit, thus making full use of the heat energy that was originally directly dissipated.

[0014] (2) Reduce system size and lower cost: This invention eliminates the additional power supply system in the traditional active suppression scheme, and at the same time eliminates the need for a large number of customized capacitors in the passive filter scheme, saving part of the system size and reducing the investment in external devices, thus reducing system cost.

[0015] (3) Good noise suppression effect and high measurement accuracy: The present invention adopts the core principle of active suppression, accurately detects common mode current through current sensor, generates accurate inverted reference signal by operational amplifier, and outputs matching reverse current by DC / AC converter to achieve accurate cancellation of common mode noise and effectively reduce charge measurement error.

[0016] (4) Simple structure and strong versatility: The present invention adds modular components on the basis of the traditional Faraday cylinder device. The connection relationship between the components is simple and there is no need to customize the device according to the noise frequency. It is suitable for Faraday cylinder noise suppression under different working conditions and has strong versatility.

[0017] (5) High power supply stability: The present invention stores and converts electrical energy through supercapacitors, which effectively avoids the problem of power output fluctuation caused by unstable or intermittent incident particle beams, provides stable voltage for subsequent circuits, and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the noise suppression system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional Faraday cylinder device.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of the DC / AC full-bridge converter of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Faraday cylinder; 2-Grounding terminal; 3-Measuring resistor; 4-Grounding wire; 5-Thermoelectric generator module; 6-Current sensor; 7-Operational amplifier; 8-Supercapacitor; 9-DC / AC converter; 10-Particle beam; SC-Supercapacitor of DC / AC full-bridge converter; S1-S4-IGBT switching transistors; L-Filter inductor; C-Filter capacitor; R-Measuring resistor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and more understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] The overall structure of a traditional Faraday cylinder device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device mainly includes a Faraday cylinder 1 for collecting a beam of charged particles 10; a grounding terminal 2 located at the bottom of the Faraday cylinder 1 for connecting the Faraday cylinder 1 and a grounding wire 4; a measuring resistor 3 located in the grounding circuit of the Faraday cylinder 1 for measuring the current flowing through the grounding circuit, thereby determining the number and charge of particles entering the Faraday cylinder 1; and a grounding wire 4 for grounding the Faraday cylinder 1 and conducting the test current to the ground. The interior of the Faraday cylinder 1 is inclined. When charged particles enter the Faraday cylinder 1, they collide with the cylinder wall under the action of the inclined surface, causing electrons on the cylinder wall to gain energy and overflow, forming a current that flows to the ground. During the collision of charged particles with the cylinder wall, some kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. In traditional designs, this heat energy is directly dissipated.

[0025] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the present invention provides a Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system, which is a modular improvement on the traditional Faraday cylinder device, adding the following components to the traditional device: thermoelectric generator module (TEG) 5, current sensor 6, operational amplifier 7, supercapacitor 8, and DC / AC converter 9.

[0026] Thermoelectric power generation module 5 is laid on the outer wall of Faraday cylinder 1. It uses the Seebeck effect to convert the heat energy generated by charged particles hitting the wall of Faraday cylinder 1 into electrical energy. The output power of thermoelectric power generation modules 5 is adjusted by series or parallel connection. Current sensor 6 is connected to ground terminal 2 to detect common mode current at ground terminal 2. Operational amplifier 7 is connected to current sensor 6 to process the detected common mode current and generate a reference signal with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite phase as the common mode current. Supercapacitor 8 is electrically connected to thermoelectric power generation module 5 to store the electrical energy converted by thermoelectric power generation module 5 and to provide stable voltage for subsequent circuits. DC / AC converter 9 is electrically connected to supercapacitor 8, operational amplifier 7 and measuring resistor 3 respectively. Based on the reference signal provided by operational amplifier 7, it converts the DC power output of supercapacitor 8 into AC power with the same amplitude, frequency and phase as the reference signal, and injects the AC power into the two ends of measuring resistor 3 to achieve common mode noise suppression.

[0027] Supercapacitor 8 switches its operating state based on its terminal voltage: when the terminal voltage of supercapacitor 8 is greater than 3V, it enters discharge mode to power DC / AC converter 9; when the terminal voltage of supercapacitor 8 is less than 2.7V, it enters charging mode, and DC / AC converter 9 is in standby mode. The topology of DC / AC converter 9 includes, but is not limited to, half-bridge, full-bridge, or cascaded full-bridge structures.

[0028] In one specific embodiment, the thermoelectric power generation module 5 uses multiple TEG chips arranged in parallel to convert the heat energy of the cylinder wall into DC power using the Seebeck effect to charge the supercapacitor 8. The rated voltage of the supercapacitor 8 is 3.7V. It is set to discharge when the terminal voltage is greater than 3V and charge when it is less than 2.7V, which effectively ensures the power supply stability of the subsequent circuit. The DC / AC converter 9 adopts a full-bridge topology structure, including a supercapacitor SC, four IGBT switches S1-S4, a filter inductor L, and a filter capacitor C. The filter inductor L is a 1mH ferrite inductor, and the filter capacitor C is a 10μF ceramic capacitor, which is used to smooth the output current waveform.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the DC / AC converter 9 uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to compare the reference signal output by the operational amplifier 7 with a 10kHz high-frequency triangular carrier signal to generate a PWM pulse width signal. This signal controls the on and off of the IGBT switching transistors S1-S4 to achieve precise conversion from DC to AC, ensuring that the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the output AC are perfectly matched with the reference signal.

[0030] The working process of the Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system described in this invention is as follows: (1) The charged particle beam 10 is injected into the Faraday cylinder 1. After being guided by the internal inclined plane, it impacts the cylinder wall. The resulting measuring current flows to the ground through the grounding terminal 2, measuring resistor 3, and grounding wire 4. At the same time, part of the kinetic energy of the particles is converted into heat energy, which raises the temperature of the Faraday cylinder 1 cylinder wall. (2) The thermoelectric power generation module 5 laid on the cylinder wall converts the heat energy of the cylinder wall into DC power to continuously charge the supercapacitor 8 and detect the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor 8 in real time. (3) When the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor 8 reaches 3.2V (greater than 3V), it enters the discharge mode to provide a stable DC power supply for the DC / AC converter 9, and the DC / AC converter 9 starts to work. (4) The current sensor 6 detects the common mode current at the grounding terminal 2 in real time and transmits the detection signal to the operational amplifier 7. The operational amplifier 7 amplifies and reverses the detection signal to generate a reference signal with the same frequency and amplitude as the common mode current but opposite phase, and transmits the signal to the DC / AC converter 9. (5) The DC / AC converter 9 controls the switching of IGBT switching transistors S1-S4 according to the reference signal and converts the DC power output by the supercapacitor 8 into a matching AC power. After being filtered by the filter inductor L and the filter capacitor C, the AC power is injected into both ends of the measuring resistor 3. (6) The injected reverse AC current cancels out the common mode current in the measurement circuit, effectively suppressing common mode noise, so that the measuring resistor 3 only detects the real particle beam measurement current, thus improving the accuracy of charge measurement; (7) When the supercapacitor 8 continues to discharge until the terminal voltage is 2.6V (less than 2.7V), the discharge stops and the charging resumes. After the DC / AC converter 9 loses power, it enters standby mode until the supercapacitor 8 is recharged to a terminal voltage greater than 3V, and the above working process is repeated.

[0031] Any content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art in this technical field.

Claims

1. A Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system, comprising a Faraday cylinder of a conventional Faraday cylinder device, a grounding terminal, a measuring resistor, and a grounding wire, characterized in that, It also includes thermoelectric power generation modules, current sensors, operational amplifiers, supercapacitors, and DC / AC converters; The thermoelectric power generation module is laid on the outer wall of the Faraday cylinder. It uses the Seebeck effect to convert the heat energy generated by charged particles hitting the Faraday cylinder wall into electrical energy. The output power of the thermoelectric power generation modules is adjusted by connecting them in series or in parallel. The current sensor is connected to the grounding terminal and is used to detect the common-mode current at the grounding terminal; The operational amplifier is connected to the current sensor signal and is used to process the detected common-mode current to generate a reference signal with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite phase to the common-mode current. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the thermoelectric power generation module and is used to store the electrical energy converted by the thermoelectric power generation module and provide a stable voltage for the subsequent circuit. The DC / AC converter is electrically connected to the supercapacitor, the operational amplifier, and the measuring resistor, respectively. Based on the reference signal provided by the operational amplifier, the DC power output by the supercapacitor is converted into AC power with the same amplitude, frequency, and phase as the reference signal, and the AC power is injected into both ends of the measuring resistor to achieve common-mode noise suppression.

2. The Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor switches its operating state according to its terminal voltage: when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is greater than 3V, it enters the discharge mode to power the DC / AC converter; when the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor is less than 2.7V, it enters the charging mode, and the DC / AC converter is in standby mode.

3. The Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topology of the DC / AC converter includes half-bridge, full-bridge, or cascaded full-bridge structures.

4. The Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the DC / AC converter adopts a full-bridge structure, it includes a supercapacitor, four IGBT switches, a filter inductor, and a filter capacitor. The supercapacitor converts DC power into AC power through the four IGBT switches, and the filter inductor and filter capacitor are used to smooth the output current waveform and reduce the high-frequency components of the current.

5. The Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The DC / AC converter uses pulse width modulation to achieve AC-DC conversion. It compares the reference signal output by the operational amplifier with the high-frequency carrier signal to generate a pulse width signal to control the on and off of the IGBT switching transistor.

6. The Faraday cylinder self-powered noise suppression system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Faraday cylinder has an inclined structure inside. Charged particles are guided by the inclined surface to collide with the cylinder wall, causing electrons to overflow from the cylinder wall, forming an electric current that flows to the ground through the grounding wire. At the same time, some of the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy.

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