Apparatus with antenna array

Abstract

An apparatus includes: a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a first frequency band; a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive a signal including coded data in the first frequency band; a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements; a suppression signal generator configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field for reducing interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and a transceiver coupled to the third antenna array and configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Various example embodiments relate to an apparatus having an antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] Devices with antenna arrays for use in, for example, wireless telecommunications networks are known. Despite the existence of such devices, they may have drawbacks. Therefore, there is a desire to provide improved devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The scope of protection sought by the various exemplary embodiments of the present invention is set forth in the independent claims. Exemplary embodiments and features (if any) described in this specification but not falling within the scope of the independent claims should be interpreted as examples that aid in understanding the various embodiments of the invention.

[0004] According to various (but not all) exemplary embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, comprising: a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a first frequency band; a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive a signal including coded data in the first frequency band; a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements; a suppression signal generator configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field for reducing interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and a transceiver coupled to the third antenna array and configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0005] According to various (but not all) exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a method is provided, the method comprising: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving the signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field for reducing interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and transmitting the signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0006] According to various (but not all) exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a computer program is provided, including instructions stored thereon, for performing at least the following: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving a signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field for reducing interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and transmitting a signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0007] According to various (but not all) exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a non-transient computer-readable medium is provided, including program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving a signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and transmitting a signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0008] Further specific and preferred aspects are set forth in the appended independent and dependent claims. Features of the dependent claims may be suitably combined with features of the independent claims, and in combinations different from those expressly set forth in the claims.

[0009] When a device feature is described as operable to provide a function, it will be understood that this includes device features that provide that function, or device features adapted to or configured to provide that function. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 The illustration shows a first antenna configuration according to an example embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2A A portion of a radio frequency (RF) chain connected to an antenna array element of a third antenna array is shown according to an example embodiment;

[0013] Figure 2BA portion of an RF chain connected to an antenna array element of a third antenna array, according to an example embodiment, is shown;

[0014] Figure 3 The interference power at the antenna element most affected for the first antenna configuration is shown;

[0015] Figure 4 The distortion of the beamforming vector for method 2 (suppression array) and the beam null for the first antenna configuration are shown;

[0016] Figure 5 The ratio of the suppression array power (power required for self-interference suppression) to the TX (transmit) f1 array power for the first antenna configuration is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 The illustration shows a second line configuration according to an example embodiment;

[0018] Figure 7 The interference power at the most affected antenna element for the second antenna configuration is shown;

[0019] Figure 8 The distortion of the beamforming vector for the second antenna configuration is shown;

[0020] Figure 9 The relative power radiated by the suppression array for the second antenna configuration is shown;

[0021] Figure 10 The illustration shows a third antenna configuration according to an example embodiment;

[0022] Figure 11 The front end for driving an antenna is schematically illustrated according to an example embodiment;

[0023] Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the azimuth and elevation angles used in the simulation for 169 beamforming vectors;

[0024] Figure 13 The illustration shows an example of mesh generation used by the Method of Moments (MoM) solver;

[0025] Figure 14 It is a flowchart illustrating a method according to an example embodiment; and

[0026] Figure 15 The illustration shows an example arrangement of antenna configurations. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Before discussing the example embodiments in more detail, an overview will first be provided. Some example embodiments provide an arrangement of using an antenna array for a dual purpose. First, the antenna array is used to provide signal suppression (interference reduction) in a first frequency band to suppress interference signals received by a receiving link of another antenna array due to transmissions from another antenna array. Then, the antenna array is reused for transmitting and / or receiving signals in a second frequency band. This allows the antenna array to be reused to support communication in the second frequency band, thereby providing a compact and efficient antenna arrangement. The antenna array can be separate from or co-located with the antenna array receiving signals in the first frequency band. To support suppression and transmission and / or reception in another frequency band, additional suppression arrays and additional transmit arrays can be provided. Subband non-overlapping full-duplex

[0028] Subband Non-overlapping Full-Duplex (SBFD) is a research project in 3GPP Rel.18. Specification work has been initiated in Rel.19. SBFD is a duplexing scheme based on Time Division Duplex (TDD). In TDD time slots (or partial time slots), transmission is only allowed in the downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) direction. In SBFD time slots, transmission is allowed in both directions. Similar to TDD, SBFD uses a single frequency channel. UL and DL transmissions occur on two or more temporarily or permanently allocated frequency sub-channels. The main objectives of introducing SBFD are to improve coverage and reduce latency. Improved coverage is expected because User Equipment (UE) has more uplink transmission opportunities (in terms of time) and therefore can use more energy for uplink transmissions. Improved latency is expected because UL transmission opportunities occur more frequently.

[0029] Self-interference from base stations (gNBs) or other network nodes can cause problems for SBFD, thus posing challenges to SBFD implementation. To ensure UL reception is possible, the gNB receiver should be protected (isolated) from transmissions in the gNB's own DL.

[0030] To help address self-interference in SBFD, transmit (TX) and receive (RX) antenna arrays are typically implemented as two separate entities. This spatial separation between the two arrays provides what is known as spatial isolation. The greater the distance between the TX and RX arrays, the higher the isolation. However, starting at an array-to-array distance of approximately 1.5λ, the isolation level increases slowly, reaching approximately 40 dB of element-to-element isolation at 4λ, where λ is the wavelength. This is far from the desired level of isolation. To provide additional TX-RX isolation, shielding, notch filters, or similar structures (sometimes referred to as passive antenna arrays) can be included. However, base stations or other network nodes may support more than one frequency band, which may necessitate adding another antenna array to an already large antenna setup. Self-interference cancellation (SIC) techniques can also be used to further enhance the overall isolation requirements of the system. Self-interference suppression

[0031] Some example embodiments provide antenna configurations for dual (or multi) band base stations (or other network nodes) supporting SBFD. The same antenna array is used for data transmission and / or reception in one band and for self-interference suppression in another band. Configuration 1

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, this example embodiment has three active antenna arrays and one optional passive antenna array. A first antenna array 10A with multiple antenna elements is connected to the transmit (TX) block 110A and performs data transmission of coded data at frequency band f1. A second antenna array 20A with multiple antenna elements is connected to the receive (RX) block 120A and performs data reception of coded data at frequency band f1. A third antenna array 30A with multiple antenna elements is connected to the TX block 132A and performs self-interference suppression at frequency band f1 by generating a suppression drive signal for transmissions by the third antenna array 30A. Therefore, the third antenna array 30A acts as a suppression antenna array. One purpose of the suppression antenna array is to generate an electromagnetic field such that its superposition with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array 10A reduces self-interference at each RX antenna array element of the second antenna array 20A. The “shape” of the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array 10A depends on the beamforming vector applied to that antenna array, and therefore, the electromagnetic field generated by the suppression antenna array should be modified accordingly. This can be achieved by applying a weight vector to the suppression antenna array, which is calculated based on the beamforming vector of the first antenna array 10A. The suppression antenna array is designed such that the radiated power required for suppression is many times lower than the radiated power of the first antenna array 10A. This radiated power can be further reduced by increasing the isolation between the first antenna array 10A (TX array) and the second antenna array (RX array). For example, this can be achieved by placing a passive suppression antenna array 50A between the TX antenna array and the suppression antenna array. The third antenna array 30A is connected to the transceiver (TRX) box 134A and also performs the transmission and reception of coded data in band f2. A duplex filter 136A is provided between the third antenna array 30A and the TRX box 134A and the TX box 132A. Typically, the passive antenna array 50A is used for SBFD self-interference suppression in band f1. Typically, an RF filter (not shown) is provided between the second antenna array 20A and the RX block 120A, which performs filtering to reduce out-of-band interference received at frequency band f1, such as interference caused by signals within frequency band f2. Typically, an RF filter (not shown) is provided between the first antenna array 10A and the TX block 110A, which performs filtering to reduce out-of-band spurious emissions from its power amplifier (PA) (not shown). Given that this arrangement uses a suppression array for both self-interference suppression at frequency band f1 and transmission and reception at frequency band f2, the antenna element and element spacing is twice as small (half the size) as the antenna element and element spacing of the TX and RX arrays, because it will be optimized for frequency f2 = 2f1. In another example implementation, the suppression antenna array can be optimized for different frequency bands with different f1 / f2 ratios.Therefore, an antenna configuration is provided that performs SBFD transmission and reception in band f1 and performs self-interference suppression in band f1. The third antenna array 30A, while performing self-interference suppression in band f1, is reused to perform TDD transmission and reception in band f2, or to perform FDD transmission in band f3 and reception in band f2. In other words, the first antenna array 10A is dedicated to SBFD TX. The passive antenna array 50A is dedicated to suppressing self-interference caused by the arrival of the SBFD TX signal at the SBFD RX chain 120A. The third antenna array 30A is dedicated to SBFD self-interference suppression in band f1, and to TDD carrier in band f2 or to FDD carrier in bands f2 and f3. The second antenna array 20A is dedicated to SBFD RX.

[0033] In one example embodiment, the SBFD carrier is allocated in frequency band f1, and the TDD carrier is allocated in frequency band f2. A first antenna array 10A and a second antenna array 20A are used for SBFD TX and RX, respectively. A passive antenna array 50A is used for SBFD self-interference suppression. A third antenna array 30A is used for SBFD self-interference suppression as well as for TDD transmission and reception. The third antenna array 30A is connected to the TRX block 134A and the TX suppression block 132A using a duplex filter 136A.

[0034] In one example implementation, the SBFD carrier is allocated in band f1, and the FDD carrier is allocated in bands f2 (FDD RX) and f3 (FDD TX). First antenna array 10A and second antenna array 20A are used for SBFD TX and RX, respectively. Passive antenna array 50A is used for SBFD self-interference suppression. Third antenna array 30A is used for SBFD self-interference suppression as well as for FDD transmission and reception.

[0035] Figure 2A A portion of the RF chain is shown, including parts of TRX block 134A, suppression TX block 132A, and duplex filter 136A, which are connected to an antenna array element of a third antenna array 30A for f1 SBFD / f2 TDD implementation. Duplex filter 136A functionally has two bandpass filters, one tuned to band f1 and the other tuned to band f2. Bandpass filter f1 is connected to the power amplifier (PA) of suppression TX block 132A. Bandpass filter f2 is connected via a switch to the low-noise amplifier (LNA) or the PA of the TDD TRX chain of TRX block 134A.

[0036] Figure 2BA portion of the RX chain is shown, including parts of TRX block 134A, TX suppression block 132A, and duplex filter 136A', which are connected to an antenna array element of a third antenna array 30A for f1 SBFD / f2 & f3 FDD implementation. Duplex filter 136A' functionally has three bandpass filters tuned to frequencies f1, f2, and f3. Bandpass filter f1 is connected to the PA of TX suppression block 132A. Bandpass filter f2 is connected to the LNA of the FDD carrier RX. Bandpass filter f3 is connected to the PA of the FDD carrier TX.

[0037] As mentioned above, in the example embodiment, self-interference suppression is achieved by applying a weight vector to the suppression antenna array and by modifying the beamforming vector. Any method of calculating the weight vector should aim to provide self-interference suppression while minimizing modifications to the beamforming vector. Another optimization criterion is that the radiated power of the suppression array (the radiated power required for self-interference suppression, excluding the radiated power at f2) should also be minimized.

[0038] Two main methods for calculating this weight vector are provided, as described in more detail below. Method 1 is based on the covariance matrix of the interference channel between the suppression antenna array and the RX antenna array, and the covariance matrix of the interference channel between the TX antenna array and the RX antenna array. This method calculates a weight vector that, when applied to the suppression antenna array, generates an electromagnetic field (EM field). This EEM field, when superimposed with the EEM field generated by the TX antenna array, reduces self-interference at the RX antenna array elements. Method 2 is based on the covariance matrix of the channels between the suppression antenna array and the RX antenna array, and between the TX antenna array and the RX antenna array. This method calculates a weight vector and a beamforming vector. When these vectors are applied accordingly to the suppression antenna array and the TX antenna array, the superposition of the generated electromagnetic fields results in a reduction of self-interference at the RX antenna array elements.

[0039] Antenna configuration 1 was simulated for the case where f2 > f1. For example, an SBFD carrier could be assigned to FR3, and a TDD carrier could be assigned to FR2. In this example embodiment, the third antenna array 30A has approximately the same size as the first antenna array 10A and the second antenna array 20A, and contains twice as many antenna array elements as they do. The first antenna array 10A and the second antenna array 20A each have 32 cross-polarized antenna array elements. The distance between these arrays is 4λ, where λ is the wavelength. The third antenna array 30A has 64 cross-polarized antenna array elements. The length of each dipole and the horizontal and vertical spacing between elements are half that of the first antenna array 10A and the second array 20A, and equal to 0.25λ. A passive antenna array 50A is located between the first antenna array 10A and the third antenna array 30A. In the simulation, it is assumed to provide an additional 10 dB of isolation. In this example, the third (suppressed) antenna array 30A is located away from the second (RX f1) antenna array 20A. This limits the beamforming vector calculation methods that can be used. Method 1 may be impractical in this case because, when applied to antenna configuration 1, even if it completely eliminates self-interference, the power required for suppression becomes very high. Method 2 ensures that the power required for suppression is not too high, such as... Figure 5 As shown in the diagram. In the worst-case scenario (for the beam with the most interference), this power is 25 dB lower than that of the first antenna array 10A. Method 2 and the "conventional" beam null technique provide very similar levels of self-interference suppression, see [link to diagram]. Figure 3 The advantage of this method is that it provides nearly 20 dB less distortion in the beamforming vector compared to "conventional" beam nulls. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 . Figure 4 The distortion of the beamforming vector shown is calculated for beam nulls according to formula (16); and for the suppression array described below according to formula (17). Configuration 2

[0040] like Figure 6As shown, this example embodiment has three active antenna arrays and one optional passive antenna array. The arrangement and operation of this configuration are similar to those in Configuration 1 described above, except that the second and third antenna arrays are co-located, and the frequency band f2 is lower than the frequency band f1. The first antenna array 10B, with antenna elements, is connected to the TX block 110A and performs data transmission of coded data at frequency band f1. A combined (co-located) second and third antenna array 20B / 30B, with RX antenna elements 25B, is connected to the RX block 120A and performs data reception of coded data at frequency band f1. This combined (co-located) second and third antenna array 20B / 30B has additional antenna elements 27B, which are connected to the TX block 132A and perform self-interference suppression at frequency band f1 by generating suppression drive signals for transmission by these antenna elements. Therefore, antenna elements 27B act as a suppression antenna array. One purpose of the suppression antenna array is to generate an electromagnetic field such that its superposition with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array 10B reduces self-interference at each RX antenna array element 25B. The “shape” of the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array 10B depends on the beamforming vector applied to the antenna array, and therefore, the electromagnetic field generated by the suppression antenna array should be modified accordingly. This can be achieved by applying a weight vector to the suppression antenna array, which is calculated based on the beamforming vector of the first antenna array 10B. The suppression antenna array is designed such that the radiated power required for suppression is many times lower than the radiated power of the first antenna array 10B. This radiated power can be further reduced by increasing the isolation between the first antenna array 10B (TX array) and the RX antenna element 25B (RX array). For example, this can be achieved by placing a passive suppression antenna array 50B between the TX antenna array and the suppression antenna array. Antenna element 27B is also connected to the TRX box 134A and performs the transmission and reception of coded data at frequency band f2. A duplex filter 136A is provided between antenna element 27B and the TRX box 134A and the TX box 132A. Typically, the passive antenna array 50B is used for SBFD self-interference suppression in frequency band f1. Typically, a filter (not shown) is provided between antenna element 25B and RX block 120A, which performs filtering to reduce out-of-band interference received at frequency band f1, such as interference caused by signals within frequency band f2. Typically, an RF filter (not shown) is provided between the first antenna array 10B and TX block 110A, which performs filtering to reduce out-of-band spurious emissions from its power amplifier (PA) (not shown). Given that this arrangement uses a suppression array for both self-interference suppression at frequency band f1 and transmission and reception at frequency band f2, antenna element 27B and its inter-element spacing are twice as large (twice the size) as the antenna elements and inter-element spacing of the TX and RX arrays, because it will be optimized for frequency f2 = f1 / 2.In another example implementation, the suppression antenna array can be optimized for different frequency bands with different f1 / f2 ratios.

[0041] Antenna configuration 2 was simulated for the case when f2 < f1. For example, the SBFD carrier can be assigned to FR3, and the FDD / TDD carrier can be assigned to FR1. Each of the RX antenna elements 25B of the first antenna array 10B and the combined (co-located) second and third antenna arrays 20B / 30B can be 32 cross-polarized antenna array elements. The length of each dipole is 0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to f1. The horizontal and vertical spacings between the antenna array elements are 0.5λ and 0.7λ, respectively. The distance between the first antenna array 10B and the combined (co-located) second and third antenna arrays 20B / 30B is 4λ. The number of antenna elements in the first antenna array is the same as the number of RX antenna elements 25B and the number of antenna elements 27B. The suppression antenna array elements 27B are interleaved with the antenna array elements 25B. The length of each dipole is 0.75λ. The horizontal and vertical spacings between the antenna array elements 27B are 1.0λ and 0.7λ, respectively. The passive antenna array 50B is located between the first antenna array 10B and the combined (co-located) second and third antenna arrays 20B / 30B. In the simulation, it is assumed to provide an additional isolation of 10 dB.

[0042] In this example, the suppression antenna array elements 27B are located closer to the RX f1 antenna array elements 25B. This relaxes the restrictions on the beamforming vector calculation method, and different from antenna configuration 1, method 1 is more suitable for use with antenna configuration 2. Method 1 completely eliminates self-interference, see the "Suppression Array" curve in Figure 7 (TX noise was ignored in the simulation), and does not cause distortion of the TX beam of the first antenna array 10B (see Figure 8 ). The power used for suppression is at most 14 dB lower than the power of the first antenna array 10B in the worst case (for the maximum interference beam), see Figure 9 . Configuration 3

[0043] As in Figure 10As shown, this example embodiment has four active antenna arrays and two optional passive antenna arrays. The arrangement and operation of this configuration are similar to those in Configuration 1 described above, except that the third antenna array 30C performs suppression at f1 and reception at f2, the second antenna array 20C performs suppression at f2 and reception at f1, and a fourth antenna array 40C is provided, which performs transmission at f2. Therefore, two separate suppression drive signals are generated, one for the third antenna array 30C at f1 and the other for the second antenna array 20C at f2. A first passive suppression antenna array 50C for suppression at f1 is located between the first antenna array 10C and the third antenna array 30C. A second passive suppression antenna array 55C for suppression at f2 is located between the fourth antenna array 40C and the second antenna array 20C.

[0044] A first antenna array 10C, having antenna elements, is connected to the TX frame and performs data transmission of coded data in frequency band f1. A second antenna array 20C, having antenna elements, is connected to the RX frame and performs data reception of coded data in frequency band f1. The second antenna array 20C is also connected to the TX frame and performs self-interference suppression in frequency band f2 by generating a suppression drive signal for transmission by the second antenna array 20C. Therefore, the second antenna array 20C acts as a suppression antenna array to suppress signals transmitted by the fourth antenna array 40C. A fourth antenna array 40C, having multiple antenna elements, is connected to the TX frame and performs data transmission of coded data in frequency band f2. A third antenna array 30C, having antenna elements, is connected to the RX frame and performs data reception of coded data in frequency band f2. The third antenna array 30C is also connected to the TX frame and performs self-interference suppression in frequency band f1 by generating a suppression drive signal for transmission by the third antenna array 30C. Therefore, the third antenna array 30C acts as a suppression antenna array to suppress signals transmitted by the first antenna array 10C. Suppressing Antenna Array – Signal Generation

[0045] The suppression antenna array is connected to the analog and digital links, similar to the (main) first TX antenna array. To generate the compensating electromagnetic field, it transmits the same data, but applies special beamforming or weighting vectors.

[0046] Two methods for calculating compensated beamforming or weight vectors are provided. Method 1 provides higher self-interference suppression, but it is suitable for a more limited set of antenna configurations. Method 2 provides lower self-interference suppression, but it is suitable for a wider set of antenna configurations and requires less power for suppression arrays.

[0047] Figure 11An example embodiment is schematically illustrated, comprising three antenna arrays: a TX array, an RX array, and a suppressed TX array, as described above. This arrangement can be extended for multiple frequency implementations. The TX array and the suppressed TX array are connected to a similar but separate analog RX box, which includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), an RF filter (≈), and a mixer (…). The system consists of a local oscillator (LO) and a power amplifier (PA). Each analog RX block is connected to a digital front-end block, which includes an inverse fast Fourier transform (iFFT), a cyclic prefix addition block (CP), a digital up-converter (DUC), a peak factor reduction block (CFR), and a digital predistortion block (DPD). In some implementations, the DPD can be omitted from the suppression digital front-end due to the lower power radiated by the suppression TX array.

[0048] Due to the adoption of traditional implementation, each baseband processing block has an additional function block: a beamforming vector (or a beamforming matrix) transformation block for single-stream applications (such as single-user multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) or multiple-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) applications), denoted as w→W and w→W. s The beamforming vector transformation box uses method 1 or method 2 described below to calculate the beamforming or weighting vectors W and W'. s Method 1 does not change w: W=w, and therefore, if this method is used, the w→W box can be omitted. The output of the beamforming vector transform box is connected to the input of the beamforming box (BF), which is no different from the conventional implementation. The other input of the BF box is the modulated data symbols s (s is a scalar for single-stream and a data symbol vector for multi-stream). This is the same in the TX chain and the suppressed TX chain. The remaining boxes in the TX and suppressed TX baseband processing are no different from the conventional implementation, and Figure 11 Not shown in the image.

[0049] It is assumed that the beamforming vector applied to the TX array changes as little as possible, or not at all, and that self-interference suppression is achieved by applying appropriate beamforming or weighting vectors to the suppression array. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, both methods are presented in their simplest form, ignoring noise.

[0050] Method 1 calculates the beamforming vector applied to the suppression array without modifying the beamforming vector applied to the TX array. Method 2 calculates the beamforming vector applied to the suppression array and slightly modifies the beamforming vector applied to the TX array.

[0051] Method 1

[0052] Method 1 calculates the beamforming weights used for the suppression array according to formula (1):

[0053]

[0054] It is the beamforming vector applied to the suppression array.

[0055] It is the number of antenna array elements in the suppression array.

[0056] It is the covariance matrix of the channel between the suppression array and the RX array.

[0057] It is the beamforming vector applied to the TX array.

[0058] It is the number of antenna array elements in the TX array.

[0059] covariance matrix Given by formula (2):

[0060] (2)

[0061] This indicates the Hermitian transpose.

[0062] It is the channel matrix of the channel between the suppression array and the RX array:

[0063] (3)

[0064] It is the channel between the i-th antenna array element of the suppression array and the m-th array antenna element of the RX array.

[0065] It is the number of antenna array elements in the RX array.

[0066] The covariance matrix C is given by formula (4):

[0067] (4)

[0068] This indicates the Hermitian transpose.

[0069] It is the channel matrix representing the self-interference channel between the TX and RX antenna arrays.

[0070] Matrix H is given by formula (5):

[0071] (5)

[0072] It is the channel between the i-th antenna array element of the TX array and the m-th array antenna element of the RX array.

[0073] In another implementation, the covariance matrix in equation (1) can be replaced by the channel matrix, see equation (6):

[0074] (6)

[0075] Method 2

[0076] Method 2 calculates the beamforming vector according to formula (7).

[0077] (7)

[0078] It is a concatenation of two beamforming vectors: w and :

[0079] (8)

[0080] w is the beamforming vector applied to the TX array and is defined above; and It is the beamforming vector applied to the suppression array. It can be initialized as a zero vector: Alternatively, you can use formula (1) for initialization.

[0081] Yes The vector obtained after transformation:

[0082] (9)

[0083] It is the transformed beamforming vector applied to the suppression array.

[0084] It is the transformed beamforming vector applied to the TX array.

[0085] It is a power of the matrix polynomial and a design parameter.

[0086] covariance matrix Given by formula (10):

[0087] (10)

[0088] It consists of two matrices H and Cascade:

[0089] (11)

[0090] Simulation results

[0091] To evaluate the performance of the method, the interference gain vector is calculated. (Formula (12)) and (Formula (13)). Each element of this vector is the interference gain value at one antenna array element in the RX array.

[0092] (12)

[0093] (13)

[0094] The performance of the method is evaluated using the interference gain power at the antenna array element most affected (calculated using formulas (14) and (15)).

[0095] (14)

[0096] (15)

[0097] Another criterion for performance evaluation is the square of the difference between the beamforming vectors before and after the transformation. L 2 Norm. Obviously, it is desirable for this norm to be as small as possible. For conventional beam nulls, this norm is calculated according to formula (16); and for methods 1 and 2, it is calculated according to formula (17).

[0098] (16)

[0099] (17)

[0100] Defined according to formula (8). In formula (17), In It is the zero vector, that is, compared with the case where the suppression array is turned off.

[0101] Another criterion for evaluating the proposed method is the ratio of the radiated power of the suppression array to the total TX power. This ratio can be calculated according to formula (18):

[0102] (18)

[0103] The interference power at the most affected antenna array element, the distortion of the transformed beamforming vector, and the ratio of radiated power to total transmitted power by the suppression array all depend on the beamforming vector w applied to the main TX antenna array. To account for these factors, simulations were performed for 169 beamforming vectors providing different beam directions. Figure 12 The azimuth and elevation angles corresponding to each beamforming vector in the set are shown.

[0104] The simulation uses an antenna configuration with 16 cross-polarized antenna elements at the TX array and the same number of antenna elements at the RX array. Each antenna array element is simulated as two orthogonal dipoles with a length of 0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength. The distance between antenna array elements is 0.5λ in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The distance between the TX and RX antenna arrays is 4λ. The simulation was performed using an electromagnetic (EM) simulator and a method of moments (MoM) solver. Figure 13 An example of mesh generation used by the MoM solver is shown in the figure.

[0105] Figure 14 The illustration shows a method according to an example embodiment. In step S10, a suppression signal and a transmit antenna array signal are generated, as described above. In step S20, the transmit antenna array signal is provided to the transmit antenna array, which generates a transmission electromagnetic field, and a suppression signal is provided to the suppression antenna array, which generates a compensation electromagnetic field, thereby reducing interference from the transmission electromagnetic field received by the receive antenna array.

[0106] Figure 15 An example deployment of the antenna configuration described above is illustrated. In one example embodiment, a base station (such as gNB 200) generates a signal for an antenna array 210 deployed on tower 220. In one example embodiment, gNB 200 is coupled to antenna array 210 via a remote radio head 230.

[0107] Some example implementations offer high suppression capability, low beamforming vector distortion (suitable for MU-MIMO), and are easier to implement than analog RF suppression methods, but require additional hardware.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the steps of the various methods described above can be performed by a programmed computer. In this document, some embodiments are also intended to cover program storage devices, such as digital data storage media, which are machine- or computer-readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable instructions, said instructions performing some or all of the steps of the methods described above. Program storage devices can be, for example, digital memories, magnetic storage media (such as disks and magnetic tapes), hard disk drives, or optically readable digital data storage media. These embodiments are also intended to cover computers programmed to perform the steps of the methods described above. The term "non-transient" as used herein refers to a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not tactile), rather than a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM and ROM).

[0109] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following:

[0110] (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation only in analog and / or digital circuit systems); and

[0111] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware; and (ii) Any part of the hardware processors and software (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and (multiple) memories, which work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions; and

[0112] (c) The software (e.g., firmware) required for operation has (multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, but the software may not be present when operation is not required.

[0113] The definition of "circuit system" applies to all uses of the term in this application (including in any claim). As another example, as used herein, the term "circuit system" also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or processors) or a portion thereof, and its accompanying software and / or firmware implementation. The term "circuit system" also covers (e.g., and applicable to certain claim elements) baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.

[0114] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar expressions (where the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”) mean at least any one element, or at least any two or more elements, or at least all elements.

[0115] The order of the steps described above is not critical or fixed, and the specific order of the steps can be changed as needed.

[0116] Although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to various examples in the preceding paragraphs, it should be understood that modifications may be made to the given examples without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.

[0117] The features described above can be used in combinations other than those explicitly described.

[0118] Although some features have been described with reference to certain characteristics, these functions can be implemented by other features, whether or not those features are described.

[0119] Although features have been described with reference to certain embodiments, these features may also exist in other embodiments, whether or not they are described.

[0120] Although the foregoing description has been made to draw attention to those features considered particularly important in the invention, it should be understood that the applicant claims protection for any patentable features or combinations thereof mentioned above and / or shown in the accompanying drawings, whether or not they have been specifically emphasized.

[0121] Other aspects and example embodiments will be described below.

[0122] An apparatus includes: a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a first frequency band; a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive a signal including coded data in the first frequency band; a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements; a suppression signal generator configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and a transceiver coupled to the third antenna array and configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0123] The transceiver can be configured to receive signals including coded data from the second frequency band from the third antenna array element.

[0124] The transceiver can be configured to generate a signal including coded data in the second frequency band for the third antenna array element.

[0125] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array element while transmitting signals in the second frequency band with the transceiver.

[0126] The transceiver may include a time-division duplexer configured to receive a signal including coded data in a second frequency band from a third antenna array element and perform time-division duplexing, while simultaneously generating a signal including coded data in the second frequency band for the third antenna array element.

[0127] The device may include at least one of the following: a first notch filter; or a first electromagnetic shield configured to suppress interference signals in a first frequency band received by a plurality of second antenna array elements from a plurality of first antenna array elements.

[0128] The first notch filter or the first electromagnetic shield can be located between the first antenna array and the third antenna array.

[0129] The third antenna array can be located between the first antenna array and the second antenna array.

[0130] The second and third antenna arrays can be co-located.

[0131] The device may include a fourth antenna array comprising a plurality of fourth antenna array elements configured to transmit signals including coded data in a second frequency band.

[0132] The transceiver can be coupled to the fourth antenna array and can be configured to generate signals including coded data in the second frequency band for the fourth antenna array elements.

[0133] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal in the second frequency band for the second antenna array element to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the multiple third antenna array elements from the multiple fourth antenna array elements in the second frequency band.

[0134] The second antenna array can be located between the fourth and third antenna arrays.

[0135] The device may include at least one of the following: a second notch filter; or a second electromagnetic shield configured to suppress interference signals in a second frequency band received by a plurality of third antenna array elements from a plurality of fourth antenna array elements.

[0136] The second notch filter or the second electromagnetic shield can be located between the second antenna array and the fourth antenna array.

[0137] The transceiver can be configured to transmit signals including coded data in a second frequency band and signals including coded data in a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first and second frequency bands.

[0138] The transceiver can be configured to generate a signal including coded data in one of a first frequency band and a third frequency band for a third antenna array element, and to receive a signal including coded data in the other of a second frequency band and a third frequency band from the third antenna array element.

[0139] The transceiver can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band from a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in the first frequency band.

[0140] The transceiver can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal in the second frequency band from the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

[0141] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal by applying a first weight vector to a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in a first frequency band.

[0142] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal by applying a second weight vector to a modulated data signal that is used to generate a signal including coded data in a second frequency band.

[0143] The suppression signal generator can be configured to apply or not apply a modification to the first weight vector to the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the first frequency band.

[0144] The suppression signal generator can be configured to apply or not apply a modification to the second weight vector to the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

[0145] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal based on at least one of the following: the channel matrix between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, and the channel covariance matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, and to calculate a first weight vector that, when applied to the third antenna array, reduces self-interference at the second antenna array element when the compensation electromagnetic field in the first frequency band is superimposed with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array.

[0146] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal based on at least one of the following: the channel matrix between the second and third antenna arrays in the second frequency band, and the channel covariance matrix between the fourth and third antenna arrays in the second frequency band; and to calculate a second weight vector that, when applied to the second antenna array, causes the compensation electromagnetic field, when superimposed with the electromagnetic field generated by the fourth antenna array, to reduce self-interference at the third antenna array elements.

[0147] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal based on the channel matrix between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band and the channel matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band.

[0148] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from measurements of the channel between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band and measurements of the channel between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band.

[0149] The suppression signal generator can be configured to generate a first suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from the channel matrix between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, and the channel matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, and to calculate a first weight vector that, when partially applied to the third antenna array and partially applied to the first antenna array, causes the third antenna array to generate a compensation electromagnetic field in the first frequency band and causes the first antenna array to generate a transmission electromagnetic field in the first frequency band. When these two electromagnetic fields are superimposed, self-interference at the second antenna array element is reduced.

[0150] The suppression antenna signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal based on the channel matrix between the second antenna array and the third antenna array in the second frequency band and the channel matrix between the fourth antenna array and the third antenna array in the second frequency band.

[0151] The suppression antenna signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from measurements of the channel between the second antenna array and the third receiving antenna array in the second frequency band and measurements of the channel between the fourth antenna array and the third antenna array in the second frequency band.

[0152] The suppression antenna signal generator can be configured to generate a second suppression driving signal based on the covariance matrix calculated from the channel matrix between the second and third antenna arrays in the second frequency band and the channel matrix between the fourth and third antenna arrays in the second frequency band, and to calculate a second weight vector that, when partially applied to the second antenna array and partially applied to the fourth antenna array, causes the second antenna array to generate a compensation electromagnetic field in the second frequency band and causes the fourth antenna array to generate a transmission electromagnetic field in the second frequency band. When these two electromagnetic fields are superimposed, self-interference at the third antenna array element is reduced.

[0153] The first suppression drive signal may have lower power than the drive signals provided to the plurality of first antenna array elements.

[0154] The second suppression drive signal can have lower power than the drive signals provided to the multiple fourth antenna array elements.

[0155] The device includes sub-band, non-overlapping, full-duplex antenna accessories.

[0156] This device can be a network node device.

[0157] A method includes: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving the signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band using the third antenna array; and transmitting the signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0158] The method may include receiving signals including coded data from a second frequency band from a third antenna array element.

[0159] The method may include generating a signal in the second frequency band, including coded data, for the third antenna array element.

[0160] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array element while transmitting a signal in the second frequency band.

[0161] The method may include: receiving a signal including coded data in a second frequency band from a third antenna array element and performing time-division duplexing, and generating a signal including coded data in the second frequency band for the third antenna array element.

[0162] The method may include suppressing interference signals in a first frequency band received by a plurality of second antenna array elements from a plurality of first antenna array elements using at least one of the following: a first notch filter; or a first electromagnetic shield.

[0163] The method may include positioning a first notch filter or a first electromagnetic shield between a first antenna array and a third antenna array.

[0164] The method may include positioning a third antenna array between the first antenna array and the second antenna array.

[0165] This method may include co-locating the second antenna array and the third antenna array.

[0166] The method may include transmitting a signal including coded data in a second frequency band using a fourth antenna array comprising a plurality of fourth antenna array elements.

[0167] The method may include generating a signal in the second frequency band, including coded data, for the fourth antenna array element.

[0168] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal in a second frequency band for the second antenna array element to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by a plurality of third antenna array elements from a fourth antenna array element in the second frequency band.

[0169] The method may include positioning the second antenna array between the fourth and third antenna arrays.

[0170] The method may include using at least one of the following to suppress interference signals in a second frequency band received by a plurality of third antenna array elements from a plurality of fourth antenna array elements: a second notch filter; or a second electromagnetic shield.

[0171] The method may include positioning a second notch filter or a second electromagnetic shield between the second antenna array and the fourth antenna array.

[0172] The method may include transmitting signals including coded data in a second frequency band and signals including coded data in a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first and second frequency bands.

[0173] The method may include generating a signal including coded data in one of a first frequency band and a third frequency band for a third antenna array element, and receiving a signal including coded data in the other of a second frequency band and a third frequency band from the third antenna array element.

[0174] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band from a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in the first frequency band.

[0175] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal in the second frequency band from a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

[0176] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal by applying a first weight vector to a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in a first frequency band.

[0177] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal by applying a second weight vector to a modulated data signal used to generate a signal including coded data in a second frequency band.

[0178] The method may include applying or not applying modifications to the first weight vector to the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the first frequency band.

[0179] The method may include applying, or not applying, modifications to the second weight vector to the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

[0180] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal based on at least one of the following: a channel matrix between a third antenna array and a second antenna array in a first frequency band, and a channel covariance matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band; and calculating a first weight vector, which, when applied to the third antenna array, reduces self-interference at the second antenna array elements when superimposed with an electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array.

[0181] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal based on at least one of the following: a channel matrix between the second and third antenna arrays in a second frequency band, and a channel covariance matrix between the fourth and third antenna arrays in a second frequency band; and calculating a second weight vector, which, when applied to the second antenna array, reduces self-interference at the third antenna array elements when superimposed with the electromagnetic field generated by the fourth antenna array.

[0182] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal based on the channel matrix between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band and the channel matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band.

[0183] The method may include generating a first suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from measurements of the channel between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band and measurements of the channel between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band.

[0184] The method may include: generating a first suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from a channel matrix between a third antenna array and a second antenna array in a first frequency band, and a covariance matrix calculated from the channel matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band; and calculating a first weight vector, which, when partially applied to the third antenna array and partially applied to the first antenna array, causes the third antenna array to generate a compensation electromagnetic field in the first frequency band and causes the first antenna array to generate a transmission electromagnetic field in the first frequency band, wherein the superposition of the two electromagnetic fields reduces self-interference at the second antenna array element.

[0185] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal based on a channel matrix in a second frequency band between a second antenna array and a third antenna array, and a channel matrix in a second frequency band between a fourth antenna array and a third antenna array.

[0186] The method may include generating a second suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from measurements of the channel between the second antenna array and the third receiving antenna array in the second frequency band and measurements of the channel between the fourth antenna array and the third antenna array in the second frequency band.

[0187] The method may include: generating a second suppression drive signal based on a covariance matrix calculated from a channel matrix between a second antenna array and a third antenna array in a second frequency band, and a channel matrix between a fourth antenna array and a third antenna array in a second frequency band; and calculating a second weight vector, which, when partially applied to the second antenna array and partially applied to the fourth antenna array, causes the second antenna array to generate a compensation electromagnetic field in the second frequency band and causes the fourth antenna array to generate a transmission electromagnetic field in the second frequency band, wherein the superposition of the two electromagnetic fields reduces self-interference at the third antenna array element.

[0188] The first suppression drive signal may have lower power than the drive signals provided to the plurality of first antenna array elements.

[0189] The second suppression drive signal can have lower power than the drive signals provided to the multiple fourth antenna array elements.

[0190] The device includes a sub-band, non-overlapping, full-duplex antenna assembly.

[0191] This device can be a network node device.

[0192] The method may include features corresponding to the features of the aforementioned device.

[0193] A computer program includes instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving a signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and transmitting a signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0194] The computer program may include features corresponding to the features of the methods described above.

[0195] A non-transient computer-readable medium includes program instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting a signal including coded data in a first frequency band using a first antenna array including a plurality of first antenna array elements; receiving a signal including coded data in the first frequency band using a second antenna array including a plurality of second antenna array elements; generating a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for a third antenna array including a plurality of third antenna array elements to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band; and transmitting a signal including coded data in a second frequency band using the third antenna array, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0196] The non-transient computer-readable medium may include features corresponding to the features of the methods described above.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising: A first antenna array, comprising a plurality of first antenna array elements, the plurality of first antenna array elements being configured to transmit a signal including coded data in a first frequency band; The second antenna array includes a plurality of second antenna array elements configured to receive signals including coded data in the first frequency band. A third antenna array, wherein the third antenna array comprises a plurality of third antenna array elements; A suppression signal generator is configured to generate a first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array element to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements in the first frequency band. as well as A transceiver coupled to the third antenna array and configured to transmit signals including coded data in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transceiver is configured to be at least one of the following: Receive signals including coded data from the second frequency band from the third antenna array unit; or The third antenna array unit generates a signal in the second frequency band that includes coded data.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the suppression signal generator is configured to: generate the first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band for the third antenna array element while transmitting the signal in the second frequency band with the transceiver.

4. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of: a first notch filter; or a first electromagnetic shield configured to suppress interference signals in the first frequency band received by the plurality of second antenna array elements from the plurality of first antenna array elements.

5. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the following: The first notch filter or the first electromagnetic shield is located between the first antenna array and the third antenna array; The third antenna array is located between the first antenna array and the second antenna array; or The second antenna array and the third antenna array are co-located.

6. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, comprising a fourth antenna array, the fourth antenna array including a plurality of fourth antenna array elements configured to transmit a signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the transceiver is coupled to the fourth antenna array and configured to generate a signal including coded data in the second frequency band for the fourth antenna array elements.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the suppression signal generator is configured to: generate a second suppression drive signal in the second frequency band for the second antenna array element to generate a compensating electromagnetic field to reduce interference received by the plurality of third antenna array elements from the plurality of fourth antenna array elements in the second frequency band.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the second antenna array is located between the fourth antenna array and the third antenna array.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising at least one of: a second notch filter; or a second electromagnetic shield configured to suppress interference signals in the second frequency band received by the plurality of third antenna array elements from the plurality of fourth antenna array elements.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second notch filter or the second electromagnetic shield is located between the second antenna array and the fourth antenna array.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the transceiver is configured to be at least one of the following: Transmits signals including coded data in the second frequency band and signals including coded data in the third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and the second frequency band; The third antenna array unit generates a signal including coded data in one of the first frequency band and the third frequency band, and receives a signal including coded data in the other of the second frequency band and the third frequency band from the third antenna array unit, the signal including coded data; The first suppression drive signal in the first frequency band is generated from the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the first frequency band; or The second suppression drive signal in the second frequency band is generated from the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

13. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the suppression signal generator is configured to be at least one of the following: The first suppression drive signal is generated by applying a first weight vector to the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the first frequency band; or The second suppression drive signal is generated by applying a second weight vector to the modulation data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band.

14. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the suppression signal generator is configured to be at least one of the following: For the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the first frequency band, one of the following is true: applying or not applying a modification to the first weight vector; or For the modulated data signal used to generate the signal including coded data in the second frequency band, one of the following is true: applying or not applying a modification to the second weight vector.

15. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the suppression signal generator is configured to generate the first suppression drive signal based on at least one of the following: The channel matrix between the third antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, and the channel covariance matrix between the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the first frequency band, are calculated, and the first weight vector is calculated. When the first weight vector is applied to the third antenna array, the self-interference at the second antenna array element is reduced when the compensated electromagnetic field in the first frequency band is superimposed with the electromagnetic field generated by the first antenna array.

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