A long skirt dione mushroom strain sh with early fruiting and high yield and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH with early fruiting and high yield, and its applications, belonging to the field of edible fungi technology. The long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH provided by this invention is deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with accession number CGMCC NO.42263. The long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH provided by this invention has the characteristics of large fruiting bodies with thick skirts, pure white color, thin and brittle walls, high yield, early fruiting, and good resistance; the average fruiting period is 194 days, 8.5 days earlier than the control; the average dry mushroom yield is 0.205 kg / m³. 2 The yield was 7.33% higher than the control; the fresh-to-dry ratio was 8.52:1. The *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH provided by this invention exhibits stable fruiting body morphology and yield across generations, and shows consistent fruiting body color, uniformity, and fruiting period within the population. It has excellent commercial characteristics, good economic benefits, and high demonstration and promotion value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi technology, specifically to a long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH that produces fruit early and has a high yield, and its applications. Background Technology

[0002] According to the latest molecular classification system, the long-skirted bamboo fungus is identified as white ochre bamboo fungus ( Phallus cremeo- ochraceus ), belonging to Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Phallales, Phallaceae, and Phallus genus ( Phallus Bamboo fungus (also known as snow-skirted bamboo fungus) is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional and economic value. It is rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other bioactive substances, possessing effects such as enhancing immunity, anti-tumor activity, and antioxidant properties. Due to its beautiful appearance and rich nutrition, it is hailed as the "Queen of Fungi" and "Snow-Skirt Fairy," and is highly favored by consumers, possessing broad market prospects.

[0003] The main production area of ​​*Dictyophora indicum* is Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. Changning County has been awarded the title of "Hometown of *Dictyophora indicum* in China," and "Changning *Dictyophora indicum*" received national geographical indication product certification in 2016. Initially, the production of *Dictyophora indicum* mainly relied on wild *Dictyophora indicum* collected from the Shunan Bamboo Sea in Yibin, Sichuan, resulting in low yields and unstable quality. In the 1990s, after years of effort by experts, the first *Dictyophora indicum* variety in Sichuan Province—'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt'—was artificially domesticated. However, 'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt' has been used as the main cultivated variety in local production for over 20 years, but it suffers from problems such as a single cultivated variety, slow rate of variety renewal, and inability to meet the market's demand for variety diversity. Therefore, breeding superior new *Dictyophora indicum* varieties for different cultivation environments in China is extremely important for improving *Dictyophora indicum* varietal resources and promoting the development of the *Dictyophora indicum* industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH that exhibits early fruiting and high yield, and its applications, thereby enriching the resources of superior *Dictyophora indusiata* varieties.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH, which is deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) with accession number CGMCC NO.42263. The deposit address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; the deposit date is September 15, 2025.

[0006] The term "long-skirted bamboo fungus" is a common name; its scientific name is *Dictyophora indica*, and its Latin name is... Phallus cremeo- ochraceus .

[0007] In this invention, the mature fruiting body of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH has a white, slender, brittle stipe with a rough surface, measuring 18.0–32.0 cm in height and 2.0–5.0 cm in diameter; the veil is white, net-like, thick, thin-walled, and brittle, measuring 10.0–22.0 cm in length and 0.4–0.7 cm in thickness; the veil mesh is elliptical or polygonal, with a pore size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm to 1.0 × 1.5 cm and a pore wall thickness of 0.4–1.0 mm.

[0008] In this invention, amplification was performed using universal primers ITS1 / ITS4, and the ITS1-nrDNA sequence of the *Dictyophora indica* SH is shown below: .

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a long-skirted bamboo fungus spore is provided, which is obtained by culturing the above-mentioned long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a long-skirted bamboo fungus mycelium, which is obtained by culturing the above-mentioned long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0011] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a long-skirted bamboo fungus strain and its application are provided, the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain being obtained by culturing the above-mentioned long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH, including solid strains and liquid strains.

[0012] The application of the *Dictyophora indica* strain is as a parent in breeding.

[0013] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a long-skirted bamboo fungus fruiting body is provided, which is obtained by cultivating the above-mentioned long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0014] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a food or health product is provided, the food or health product containing the fruiting body or extract of the above-mentioned *Dictyophora indica* strain SH.

[0015] The present invention provides a *Dictyophora indica* strain SH and its application, which have the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH provided by the present invention has the characteristics of large flowers and thick skirt, white color, thin wall and brittle texture, high yield, early fruiting and good resistance.

[0016] (2) Compared with the main cultivated variety 'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt', the average fruiting period of the SH strain of Bamboo Fungus provided by this invention was 194 days, which was 8.5 days earlier than the control; the average dry mushroom yield was 0.205 kg / m³. 2 The yield was 7.33% higher than the control; the fresh-to-dried ratio was 8.52:1. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Images showing the spore (A), hyphae (B), and colony morphology (C) of the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a phylogenetic tree diagram of the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the antagonistic test between the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH and the control group according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a field image of the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH, a product of this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a comparison image of the fruiting bodies of the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH of this invention and the control. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical features of the technical solution provided by the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The control strain of this invention, "Bamboo Sea Long Skirt" (approval number: Sichuan Approval No. 1, strain number C1), is the main cultivated variety of Bambusa longskirt in Yibin area and was provided by Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0024] Example 1: Systematic selection of the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0025] In April 2019, the applicant collected immature fruiting bodies (bamboo fungus eggs) of wild bamboo fungus in Changning County, Yibin City. The immature fruiting bodies collected in the wild were brought back to the laboratory and inoculated into modified PDA medium using tissue isolation methods, and cultured in a 25℃ incubator in the dark for 7–14 days. Through continuous isolation and purification, eight purified strains were obtained, numbered SH-201901–SH-201908. From 2020 to 2022, primary and secondary screening tests were conducted. Through comprehensive evaluation and analysis of mycelial growth, fruiting time, fruiting yield, fruiting body morphology, fresh-to-dry ratio, dry product quality, and stress resistance, the superior strain SH-201903 (i.e., the long-skirted bamboo fungus SH described in this invention) was selected due to its fast feeding speed, good growth, high yield, and strong stress resistance.

[0026] The modified PDA culture medium used in the above separation and screening process has the following components and proportions: 200g potato, 50g bamboo shavings, 20g glucose, 5g peptone, 1g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, and 20g agar. After mixing, the mixture is brought to a final volume of 1000mL with purified water, the pH is left to stand, and the mixture is sterilized at 121℃ for 20min. After cooling, it is ready for use.

[0027] For details on the spore morphology, hyphal microscopic characteristics, and colony morphology of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH, please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 , attached Figure 1 The typical microscopic and macroscopic morphological characteristics of this strain are clearly shown, which can serve as a basis for its identification.

[0028] Example 2: Molecular identification of the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0029] To verify the differences between the *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH obtained by screening in this invention and the existing control strain 'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt', and to clarify the species classification status of *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH, molecular identification and antagonism experiments were conducted.

[0030] Molecular identification of the *Dictyophora indusiata* strain SH based on its ITS sequence was performed to clarify its taxonomic position. The specific steps were as follows: Total DNA was extracted from the strain using the CTAB method and amplified using universal primers ITS1 / ITS4. The amplified products were sequenced by BGI Genomics. The sequencing results were aligned to NCBI GenBank using BLAST, and the sequences with the highest similarity were selected for analysis using MEGA 11 software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method with a bootstrap replicate count of 1000.

[0031] The ITS1-nrDNA sequence of *Dictyophora indica* SH is shown below: .

[0032] From phylogenetic tree diagram ( Figure 2 As can be seen, the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH obtained by screening in this invention belongs to *Dictyophora indica* (also known as *Dictyophora indica*). Phallus cremeo-ochraceus ). By antagonistic test ( Figure 3As can be seen, strain SH and the control 'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt' (numbered C1, the same below) have obvious antagonistic lines, indicating that the long skirt bamboo fungus strain SH described in this invention is significantly different from the control strain and is a new strain.

[0033] Example 3: Regional trial of the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH.

[0034] In accordance with the requirements of documents such as the "Basic Requirements for the Identification Trials of Non-Major Crop Varieties in Sichuan Province," the applicant conducted regional trials of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH for two consecutive growth cycles from 2022 to 2024. Specific locations included Nanxi District, Gong County, Changning County, and Xuzhou District of Yibin City. The key cultivation techniques for this strain are detailed in this embodiment as follows: 1. Key Cultivation Techniques. The *Dictyophora indica* strain SH is suitable for cultivation in Yibin City, Sichuan Province, and in areas with similar climates below 800m in altitude.

[0035] Sowing and harvesting period: Sowing is generally carried out from September to October each year, and harvesting is carried out from April to May of the following year.

[0036] Cultivation substrate and dosage: Bamboo shavings are preferred as the culture medium, with a dosage of 15 kg / m³. 2 .

[0037] Field-grown ridge cultivation: Prepare the land and make ridges with a ridge width of 30-50 cm and a depth of 3-5 cm, with a ridge furrow spacing of 50-60 cm.

[0038] Inoculation with fungal strains: Select high-quality fungal strains with clean, dense, white mycelium, no aging, and no contamination. The inoculation rate is 0.8–1.0 kg / m³. 2 .

[0039] Environmental factor control: Use bamboo poles to build flat sheds for mushroom cultivation. During cultivation, the temperature should be controlled between 20 and 32℃, the relative humidity between 75% and 95%, the soil moisture content between 20% and 25%, and diffused light is preferred.

[0040] Harvesting criteria: Harvest when the mushroom egg breaks open and the cap is exposed.

[0041] 2. Experimental Design and Implementation. Based on the standardized cultivation techniques described above, three replicate plots were set up at each experimental site. Each plot was 5 m × 4 m (20 m² in area). 2 The cells were arranged in 50 cm isolation rows using a randomized block design. 'Bamboo Forest Long Skirt' (C1) served as the control. Both the tested Bamboo Fungus strain SH and the control strain were subjected to the same standardized cultivation and management measures as described above.

[0042] The mushroom production in the field is shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown.

[0043] 3. Experimental Results and Data Analysis.

[0044] 3.1 The statistical results of the average yield of the two-year regional trial are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, under the management conditions of the above cultivation techniques, the average dry bamboo fungus yield of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH over two years was 0.205 kg / m³. 2 Compared with the control, the yield increased by 7.33%; the average fruiting period was 194 days, which was 8.5 days earlier than the control, and the fruiting period was more concentrated, which is conducive to large-scale harvesting and management.

[0045] After two consecutive growth cycles of regional trials, the SH strain of *Dictyophora indicum* showed robust growth in the field under specified environmental parameters in Yibin City and similar climate zones. No specific pathogens such as egg rot and sooty mold were found to infect the strain, demonstrating good disease resistance. This proves its excellent adaptability and promotional value in specific regions and cultivation conditions.

[0046] Table 1. Average yield of regional trials over two years.

[0047] .

[0048] 3.2 The agronomic trait survey forms for the two-year regional trials are shown in Table 2 and Appendix. Figure 5 As shown.

[0049] Table 2. Comparison of agronomic traits in regional trials over two years.

[0050] .

[0051] From Table 2, Figure 5 It is known that the mature fruiting bodies of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH have white, slender, brittle stipes with a rough surface, 18.0–32.0 cm high and 2.0–5.0 cm in diameter; the veil is white, net-like, thick, thin-walled, and brittle, 10.0–22.0 cm long and 0.4–0.7 cm thick; the veil mesh is elliptical or polygonal, with a pore size of 0.5×0.5 cm–1.0×1.5 cm and a pore wall thickness of 0.4–1.0 mm.

[0052] Compared with the control, the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH has the characteristics of large fruiting bodies, thick skirts, white color, thin and brittle walls, high yield, early fruiting, and good resistance.

[0053] Example 6: Comparison of nutrient components between the SH strain of *Dictyophora indusiata* and the control strain 'Bamboo Sea Long Skirt'.

[0054] The dried bamboo fungus of SH (Changqun Bamboo Fungus) was compared with the dried product of the control 'Zhuhai Changqun' (Bamboo Sea Changqun Bamboo Fungus) for quality testing. See Table 3 for details.

[0055] Table 3. Quality test results of long-skirted bamboo fungus (dried product).

[0056]

[0057] Table 3 shows the nutritional composition of *Dictyophora indica* strain SH as follows: moisture 13.420 g / 100g, ash 3.753 g / 100g, crude protein 18.336 g / 100g, fat 0.210 g / 100g, crude fiber 2.136%, total amino acids 137.064 mg / g, polysaccharides 1.57 g / 100g, polyphenols 1.815 mg / g, total flavonoids 2.735 mg / g, vitamin B2 0.699 mg / 100g, and triterpenes 0.251%. The results indicate that the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, total amino acids, polyphenols, and total flavonoids in *Dictyophora indica* strain SH were 36.68%, 55.74%, 25.51%, 20.76%, and 12.07% higher than the control, respectively.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A type of long-skirted bamboo fungus ( Phallus cremeo-ochraceus ) strain SH, characterized in that, The *Dictyophora indicum* SH is deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with accession number CGMCC NO.42263.

2. The *Dictyophora indica* strain SH according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mature fruiting bodies of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH have white stipes, 18.0–32.0 cm high and 2.0–5.0 cm in diameter; white, net-like skirts, 10.0–22.0 cm long and 0.4–0.7 cm thick; the mesh of the skirt is elliptical or polygonal, with a pore size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm to 1.0 × 1.5 cm and a pore wall thickness of 0.4–1.0 mm.

3. The *Dictyophora indica* strain SH according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ITS1-nrDNA sequence of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH was amplified using universal primers ITS1 / ITS4, and is shown below: .

4. A type of long-skirted bamboo fungus spore, characterized in that: The *Dendrobium nobile* spores were obtained by culturing the *Dendrobium nobile* strain SH as described in claim 1.

5. A type of long-skirted bamboo fungus mycelium, characterized in that: The mycelium of *Dictyophora indicum* was obtained by culturing the *Dictyophora indicum* strain SH as described in claim 1.

6. A strain of *Dictyophora indica*, characterized in that: The *Dictyophora indica* strain is obtained by culturing the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH as described in claim 1; Including solid microbial cultures and liquid microbial cultures.

7. The application of the *Dictyophora indica* strain according to claim 6, characterized in that: Application of parental line in breeding.

8. A long-skirted bamboo fungus fruiting body, characterized in that: The fruiting bodies of the long-skirted bamboo fungus are obtained by cultivating the long-skirted bamboo fungus strain SH as described in claim 1.

9. A food or health product, characterized in that: The food or health product contains the fruiting body or extract of the *Dictyophora indica* strain SH as described in claim 1.

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