Multi-station variable-diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-shaped parts

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-type parts, belonging to the field of mechanical manufacturing. It includes: a motor and a conductive slip ring, wherein the motor and the conductive slip ring are connected by a coupling; the conductive slip ring is connected to a multi-station fixture disk via a detachable connection device; a positioning shaft is provided on the multi-station fixture disk; a variable diameter rod and a stirring rod are provided on the positioning shaft; the variable diameter rod includes a main body rod and a tapered adjusting mandrel; the main body rod is made of an elastic material; an axial slot is provided in the middle of the main body rod, and a tapered hole is provided at the bottom; the tapered adjusting mandrel is disposed in the tapered hole, and the radial width of the axial slot is controlled by controlling the depth of the tapered adjusting mandrel in the tapered hole to achieve variable diameter; a clamp is provided on the variable diameter rod; this invention provides a device suitable for dry electrolytic polishing of various hole-type parts and possessing multi-station clamping capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of mechanical manufacturing and electrolytic machining, specifically to the design of electrolytic polishing process equipment, and more specifically, to a multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-type parts. Background Technology

[0002] Electropolishing is a processing method that utilizes the electrochemical principle of anodic dissolution of metals in an electrolyte to remove microscopic protrusions on the surface of parts and obtain a smooth and bright surface. Due to its advantages such as high processing efficiency, good surface quality, and no residual mechanical stress, it is widely used in precision machinery, aerospace, and medical devices. Based on the form of the electrolyte during processing, electropolishing can be divided into wet electropolishing and dry electropolishing: Traditional wet electropolishing uses liquid electrolyte as the medium. Although the technology is mature, it suffers from problems such as high electrolyte consumption, waste liquid pollution, and easy electrolyte splashing and loss during processing. Dry electropolishing uses a small amount of particulate, gel-like, or atomized electrolyte as the medium, significantly reducing electrolyte consumption and eliminating waste liquid discharge. It has outstanding advantages such as environmental protection, energy saving, and a clean processing environment, and is an important development direction for electropolishing technology. Currently, dry electropolishing fixtures are mostly designed for flat and cylindrical parts. When used for hole-type parts, the fixtures are often designed with a single specification, which cannot adapt to parts with different hole diameters and depths, and lack multi-station clamping capabilities, making it difficult to meet the processing efficiency requirements for industrialization. Therefore, designing an efficient and accurate fixture for dry electropolishing has significant practical significance and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electropolishing of hole-type parts, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electropolishing of hole-type parts, comprising: A motor and a conductive slip ring, wherein the motor and the conductive slip ring are connected by a coupling; the conductive slip ring is connected to a multi-station fixture disk via a detachable connection device; a positioning shaft is provided on the multi-station fixture disk; a variable diameter rod and a stirring rod are provided on the positioning shaft; The variable diameter rod includes a main rod and a tapered adjusting mandrel; the main rod is made of elastic material; the main rod has an axial groove in the middle and a tapered hole at the bottom, the tapered adjusting mandrel is disposed in the tapered hole, and the radial width of the axial groove is controlled by controlling the depth of the tapered adjusting mandrel in the tapered hole to achieve the variable diameter; the variable diameter rod is provided with a clamp.

[0005] Optionally, the detachable connection device includes a fixing block and a detachable connection block, wherein the outer ring structure of the conductive slip ring is connected to an external power source, and the inner ring structure of the conductive slip ring is pin-connected to the fixing block; the multi-station fixture disk is fixed to the fixing block via the detachable connection block; and the inner ring structure of the conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the multi-station fixture disk.

[0006] Optionally, the main rod is made of tin bronze.

[0007] Optionally, the main body rod is a conical shape with a rounded or non-rounded apex, and the bottom of the main body rod is a conical bottom.

[0008] Optionally, the tapered adjusting mandrel is threadedly connected to an adjusting knob, wherein the adjusting knob is located at the bottom of the main body rod, and the insertion depth of the tapered adjusting mandrel is controlled by adjusting the knob. The tapered adjusting mandrel and the main body rod are fixed at the insertion depth by a threaded structure.

[0009] Optionally, a cotter pin anti-loosening structure is provided between the stirring rod and the positioning shaft.

[0010] Optionally, the multi-station fixture plate is provided with several clamping stations, through which the positioning shaft is fixed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) High positioning accuracy: The variable diameter bar is precisely matched with the inner hole of the part, and the elastic clamp achieves coaxial positioning of the part and the rotating shaft by radial uniform locking. At the same time, the multi-station fixture disk is precisely connected to the detachable connection device through the positioning pin to ensure that the processing datum of the same batch of parts is consistent. (2) High versatility: The variable diameter bar design can be adapted to workpieces with different hole diameter ranges and hole depths, covering various hole types such as through holes, blind holes, and stepped holes; the radial adjustment of the elastic clamp can lock parts of different sizes. The multi-station fixture plate supports the simultaneous clamping of 3-8 parts, and can complete the processing of parts of different specifications without changing the overall fixture, which greatly reduces the design cost of special fixtures; (3) High processing efficiency: The multi-station synchronous processing design improves the processing efficiency of a single batch. Combined with the quick-change structure of "positioning pin + circumferential bolt" of the detachable connection device, the jig plate replacement time is shortened, which meets the flexible production needs of small batch and multi-variety parts. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the variable diameter bar in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the variable diameter rod in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive slip ring structure in an embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Motor; 2. Coupling; 3. Conductive slip ring; 4. Multi-station fixture plate; 5. Positioning shaft; 6. Stirring rod; 7. Variable diameter rod; 8. Elastic clamp; 9. Detachable connecting block; 10. Fixing block; 11. Axial slot; 12. Conical adjusting core rod. Detailed Implementation

[0013] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0014] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-type parts, comprising a power transmission module, a multi-station clamping module, and a polishing auxiliary module connected sequentially from top to bottom.

[0015] Specifically, the power transmission module is a combination of a motor, a coupling, and a conductive slip ring. The output end of the drive motor is rigidly connected to the lower component through the coupling, and the conductive slip ring is installed below the coupling. The multi-station clamping module consists of a detachable connecting device, a multi-station fixture plate, a variable diameter bar, and an elastic clamp. Different sized hole parts can be clamped by using variable diameter bars of different sizes. The elastic clamp locks the workpiece to ensure that the part is coaxial with the variable diameter bar, while avoiding deformation of the part caused by rigid clamping. The polishing auxiliary module is a replaceable stirring rod installed at the lower end of the variable diameter rod and rotates synchronously with the variable diameter rod. Its outer wall is provided with a spiral guide groove, which allows the electrolyte to fully contact the workpiece during polishing and achieve a better polishing effect.

[0016] Specifically, in the power transmission module, the output shaft of motor 1 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of conductive slip ring 3 via coupling 2; wherein, the output shaft of motor 1 is coaxially connected to one end of coupling 2 and fixed by bolts; the end of coupling 2 away from motor 1 is connected to the input shaft of conductive slip ring 3, and the connection is fixed by keying; coupling 2 and conductive slip ring 3 are fixed by screws. The conductive slip ring 3 has an outer ring structure and an inner ring structure. The outer ring structure is fixed to the equipment frame by an insulating bracket. The input shaft in the inner ring structure is connected to the coupling 2 to keep the inner ring structure and the coupling 2 rotating synchronously. The outer ring structure is connected to the positive terminal of an external DC power supply through a wire. The anode contact of the inner ring structure in the conductive slip ring 3 is connected to the conductive copper busbar of the multi-station fixture disk 4 through a high-temperature resistant insulated wire. The wire is fixed with a wire clamp.

[0017] Specifically, in the multi-station clamping module, the fixed block 10 and the output shaft of the conductive slip ring 3 are positioned by a positioning pin and fixed by bolts; The lower end of the fixed block 10 is provided with a detachable connecting block 9; the detachable connecting block 9 is provided with an upper slot and a lower slot; the multi-station fixture disk 4 is connected to the lower slot of the detachable connecting block 9 by a positioning pin and fixed by bolts; the detachable connecting block 9 is connected to the fixed block 10 by the upper slot and fixed by a positioning pin, so as to ensure that the detachable connecting block 9 and the fixed block 10 rotate synchronously. The multi-station fixture disk 4 is provided with several clamping stations. The clamping stations adopt a hole structure, and the holes are used to fix different positioning shafts 5. A variable diameter bar 7 is fixed on the positioning shaft. The variable diameter bar 7 is used to carry the part to be processed.

[0018] The variable diameter rod 7 is fixedly mounted on the positioning shaft 5 by means of threaded connection; the variable diameter rod 7 includes a main rod and a tapered adjusting core rod 12; the main rod is made of elastic material, such as tin bronze, and has a smooth conical structure at the top; the main rod has an axial groove 11 in the middle, which gives it radial elastic deformation capability.

[0019] The main body rod has a conical bottom with a conical hole; the conical adjusting mandrel 12 is set in the conical hole; the conical adjusting mandrel 12 also has a smooth conical structure at the top, and the conical surface of the conical adjusting mandrel 12 fits against the inner wall of the conical hole of the reducing rod 7; the conical front end of the conical adjusting mandrel 12 is provided with an external thread, and the tail end is provided with an adjusting knob through the thread; the reducing rod 7 has an internal thread, and the external thread of the conical adjusting mandrel 12 matches the internal thread of the reducing rod 7; the end face of the adjusting knob is in close contact with the top of the main body rod of the reducing rod 7 in the assembled state; by adjusting the knob, the depth of the conical adjusting mandrel 12 in the main body rod is controlled, so that the axial slot 11 in the middle of the main body rod expands or rebounds, thereby adjusting the radial width of the reducing rod 7.

[0020] A clamp 8 is provided on the variable diameter bar 7. The clamp 8 is tightly attached to and locked to the part to be processed, thereby restricting the axial movement of the part to be processed. In the polishing auxiliary module, the stirring rod 6 is fixed to the positioning shaft 5 by a threaded connection and is prevented from loosening by a cotter pin. The stirring rod 6 and the variable diameter rod 7 rotate coaxially through the positioning shaft 5.

[0021] The specific implementation process of the above technical solution is described below: This invention relates to a fixture design for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-type parts. Its implementation process is divided into two stages: component assembly and polishing process execution. The following will refer to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this invention, as shown below. Figure 1-5 As shown, the operation and technical details of each stage of the technical solution in this invention are clearly and completely described below: (1) Component assembly stage Power transmission module assembly: Connect the upper end of coupling 2 coaxially with the output shaft of motor 1. Tighten the M8 socket head cap bolts on the flange face in a diagonal, crisscrossing sequence. Insert a key pin into the lower end inner hole of coupling 2, apply lithium-based grease, and then connect it to the input shaft of the conductive slip ring 3 below. Secure it with two M6 set screws symmetrically distributed around the circumference to ensure backlash-free power transmission. Next, fix the outer ring of conductive slip ring 3 to the equipment frame using an insulating bracket, ensuring the outer ring is stationary and the inner ring rotates synchronously with coupling 2. Clean the conductive contacts of the inner ring of conductive slip ring 3 and test the continuity of each contact with a multimeter. Connect the anode contacts of the inner ring of conductive slip ring 3 to the conductive copper busbar of the multi-station fixture disk 4 using high-temperature insulated wire. Connect the outer ring to the positive terminal of an external DC power supply via a wire, securing the wire with wire clips to prevent tangling during rotation.

[0022] Multi-station clamping module assembly: Position the fixed block 10 and the output shaft of the conductive slip ring 3 using positioning pins, and then tighten the M10 bolts diagonally to ensure the mating gap; Connect the multi-station fixture disk 4 to the lower slot of the detachable connecting block 9 using positioning pins, insert the quick-change locking pin, and tighten the circumferential locking bolts to complete the quick positioning of the fixture disk; Select the appropriate reducing rod 7 according to the hole diameter of the part to be processed, and connect the reducing rod 7 to the positioning shaft 5 through threads.

[0023] The reducing rod 7 is made of tin bronze with good elasticity as its main body. Align the tapered end of the tapered adjusting mandrel 12 with the tapered threaded hole in the inner bore of the reducing rod 7, and screw the tapered adjusting mandrel 12 into the tapered threaded hole until the top of the mandrel protrudes 2mm from the top of the main rod. Tighten the knob on the exposed part of the tapered adjusting mandrel 12 with a tool until the knob is tightly against the top of the reducing rod 7. Continue tightening and adjusting while observing whether the axial slot 11 of the main rod "expands". Rotate the knob counterclockwise and check if the axial slot 11 springs back, ensuring normal elasticity. Fit the elastic clamp 8 into the reducing rod 7 and adjust the initial diameter of the clamp 8 to ensure that the clamp 8 can freely contract radially. Apply a small amount of graphite grease to the anti-slip texture of the inner ring of the clamp 8 to avoid scratching the surface of the parts.

[0024] Polishing auxiliary module assembly: Fix the stirring rod 6 to the lower end of the positioning shaft 5 by thread connection, tighten it and use a cotter pin to prevent loosening, and ensure that the stirring rod 6 and the variable diameter rod 7 are coaxial.

[0025] (2) Polishing process implementation stage Part pretreatment: Clean the surface of the part with complex holes to be polished, measure the hole diameter and depth with calipers to confirm that it matches the selected reducer bar 7 specification, select dry electrolytic polishing electrolyte, insert it into the inner wall of the hole, and evenly attach a layer. Part clamping and locking: Slowly insert the pre-treated part into the axial slot 11 of the reducing rod 7, ensuring the part fits snugly against the reducing rod 7. Use a tool to grasp the knob at the top and slowly turn it clockwise while observing the part, until the part does not move when gently shaken by hand. Insert the elastic clamp into the other end and use an Allen wrench to evenly tighten the adjusting screw of the elastic clamp 8. Gradually tighten the clamp 8 until the part is locked. After locking, gently shake the part by hand; there should be no axial or radial movement.

[0026] Polishing operation: Start the motor and wait for the speed to stabilize. Then slowly turn on the electrolysis power supply and gradually adjust the current to the set value. Real-time monitoring during polishing: Observe the current stability through the current detection terminal of the conductive slip ring 3. The stirring rod 6 rotates with the variable diameter rod 7 and guides the polishing electrolyte to each area of ​​the hole wall through the spiral groove to ensure that complex hole parts can be polished evenly.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-station variable diameter positioning and clamping device for dry electrolytic polishing of hole-type parts, characterized in that, include: A motor and a conductive slip ring, wherein the motor and the conductive slip ring are connected by a coupling; the conductive slip ring is connected to a multi-station fixture disk via a detachable connection device; a positioning shaft is provided on the multi-station fixture disk; a variable diameter rod and a stirring rod are provided on the positioning shaft; The variable diameter rod includes a main rod and a tapered adjusting mandrel; the main rod is made of elastic material; the main rod has an axial groove in the middle and a tapered hole at the bottom, the tapered adjusting mandrel is disposed in the tapered hole, and the radial width of the axial groove is controlled by controlling the depth of the tapered adjusting mandrel in the tapered hole to achieve the variable diameter; the variable diameter rod is provided with a clamp.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable connection device includes a fixed block and a detachable connection block, wherein the outer ring structure of the conductive slip ring is connected to an external power source, and the inner ring structure of the conductive slip ring is pin-connected to the fixed block; the multi-station fixture disk is fixed to the fixed block through the detachable connection block; and the inner ring structure of the conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the multi-station fixture disk.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main rod is made of tin bronze.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body rod is a conical shape with a smooth or non-smooth apex, and the bottom of the main body rod is a conical base.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tapered adjusting mandrel is threadedly connected to an adjusting knob, which is located at the bottom of the main body rod. The insertion depth of the tapered adjusting mandrel is controlled by adjusting the knob, and the insertion depth is fixed between the tapered adjusting mandrel and the main body rod through a threaded structure.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cotter pin anti-loosening structure is provided between the stirring rod and the positioning shaft.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-station fixture plate is equipped with several clamping stations, through which the positioning shaft is fixed.

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