An adaptive containment system for multi-panel sliding security doors

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors, belonging to the technical field of civil defense engineering and special protective facilities. The adaptive sealing system includes a sealing system assembly embedded in a mounting groove on the edge of the protective door panel. The sealing system assembly consists of an internally arranged negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit and an outer flexible sealing capsule. The skeleton unit is made of fiber-reinforced composite material, has a specific negative Poisson's ratio geometry, and forms a rigid-flexible coupling structure through a plylay design. An axial tension is applied to the skeleton unit via a central drive cable, utilizing the negative Poisson's ratio effect to cause radial expansion of the skeleton, thereby pushing the flexible capsule to fill the gap between the door panel and the door frame, achieving a seal. This adaptive sealing system achieves zero friction during door panel sliding, high specific pressure adaptation during sealing, and excellent impact and shear resistance, solving problems such as wear, deformation, poor adaptability, and poor explosion resistance in traditional sealing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil defense engineering and special protective facilities technology, specifically an adaptive airtight system for multi-panel sliding protective doors. Background Technology

[0002] Existing large-span protective doors often employ a multi-panel sliding structure (such as double-panel opening or multi-panel linkage). However, in achieving high-level airtightness (anti-toxic, waterproof, and explosion-proof) functions, the following significant technical defects exist: 1) Dynamic friction damage: Traditional rubber sealing strips are statically fixed. During the final stage of the door's closing and sliding motion, the sealing strip and the door frame experience intense shear friction. Long-term use will lead to wear, curling, and tearing of the rubber strip, making it difficult to maintain airtightness for a long time.

[0003] 2) Limitations of single materials: Pure rubber strips are too soft and easily blown off by explosive shock waves or high wind pressure, leading to seal failure. Pure metal mechanical structures are too heavy, have high inertia, and are prone to rust and jamming in damp underground environments, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0004] 3) Difficulty in sealing the seam between multiple doors: The seam between two sliding doors is the weakest point in the structure. Traditional compression sealing cannot guarantee uniform stress distribution and lacks an effective explosion-proof interlocking mechanism, making the door panels prone to separation under impact.

[0005] 4) Bulky drive mechanism: Existing active telescopic mechanisms mostly use hydraulic cylinders or heavy connecting rods, which require complex oil circuits or electrical circuits.

[0006] The commonly used pneumatic sealing ring technology in the prior art has the following technical problems: (1) The “necking” of positive Poisson’s ratio materials leads to sealing failure. Existing sealing rings (such as rubber, silicone, etc.) are all positive Poisson’s ratio materials. According to the principle of elasticity, when such materials are subjected to tensile deformation along the door seam direction, their cross-sectional height will shrink laterally (necking phenomenon). (2) Risk of “extrusion burst” caused by low shear stiffness: Traditional inflatable sealing bladders are usually made of pure elastic body and lack rigid skeleton support, resulting in low shear stiffness. (3) It has weak passive adaptability and cannot cope with non-uniform gaps (adaptive defects). (4) The stability of the "soft-to-soft" connection of multiple sliding doors is poor (application scenario defect). It lacks rigid support. When the two flexible bladders are under pressure, they are prone to misalignment, rolling or sliding, which reduces the airtightness. (5) Lacking blast-resistant redundancy protection, low survivability, and the reinforced frame serves as the second line of defense. The damage to a single airbag means the complete loss of the airtight function of the entire protective project. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors, which can achieve zero-friction sliding, high specific pressure adaptive sealing, and also has excellent explosion-proof and shear-resistant properties.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: An adaptive sealing system for a multi-panel sliding security door includes at least one security door panel, a door frame, and a sealing system assembly. The sealing system assembly is embedded in a mounting groove on the edge of the security door panel. The sealing system assembly includes a flexible sealing bladder, at least one negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit disposed within the flexible sealing bladder, a central drive cable, and a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism is connected to the skeleton unit via the central drive cable. The skeleton unit is made of fiber-reinforced composite material and has a negative Poisson's ratio geometry. Under the axial tension applied by the central drive cable, it expands radially, pushing the flexible sealing bladder outward to fill the gap between the security door panel and the door frame or adjacent door panels for sealing.

[0009] Furthermore, the geometric configuration of the skeleton unit is a concave hexagonal configuration or a double-arrow configuration.

[0010] Furthermore, the skeleton unit is a rigid-flexible coupling structure, including a rigid force transmission area and a flexible hinge area; the rigid force transmission area is laid with 0° unidirectional fiber prepreg, and the flexible hinge area is laid with ±45° fiber fabric or uses a flexible resin matrix.

[0011] Furthermore, the rigid force transmission area is located at the straight support arm of the skeleton unit, and the flexible hinge area is located at the concave corner and end connection of the skeleton unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner wall of the flexible sealing bladder is provided with an integrally formed force-transmitting boss cavity, and the end of the skeleton unit is in contact with or connected to the inner wall of the force-transmitting boss cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the central drive cable is mechanically locked to the central through hole of the skeleton unit via a force-transmitting anchor point.

[0014] Furthermore, the sealing system assembly is disposed at the mating edge of adjacent protective door panels; in the sealing system assembly at the edge of one of the protective door panels, the skeleton unit and the flexible sealing bladder constitute an expandable male head; a rigid dovetail-shaped or trapezoidal groove is provided at the corresponding position on the edge of the other protective door panel as a female head; during sealing, the male head expands and is inserted into the female head to form a mechanical interlock.

[0015] Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced composite material includes organic fiber-reinforced composite material, inorganic fiber-reinforced composite material, or hybrid fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible sealing bladder is made of an aging-resistant and creep-resistant rubber material.

[0017] The present invention provides an adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding security doors, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding security doors of the present invention introduces an FRP negative Poisson's ratio expansion skeleton, in which a fiber-reinforced composite material (FRP) skeleton with a negative Poisson's ratio geometry is embedded inside the flexible sealing bladder. Utilizing the negative Poisson's ratio effect, when the skeleton is subjected to axial driving tension (or stretched with the deformation of the door panel), its cross-section expands instead of shrinking, generating active lateral expansion. This fundamentally overcomes the "necking" defect of traditional materials; the tighter it is stretched, the more firmly it adheres, ensuring sealing reliability under extreme deformation.

[0018] (2) The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors of the present invention adopts a rigid-flexible coupling structure of "inner skeleton and outer skin" to construct a composite structure of "FRP rigid skeleton + rubber soft bladder". The skeleton adopts a layup design containing 0° unidirectional carbon fiber, providing extremely high axial modulus and bending stiffness. In the sealed state, the high-rigidity FRP skeleton supports the inside of the bladder like a spine. When subjected to high pressure differential of shock wave, the skeleton bears the main shear and bending loads, preventing the soft bladder from being squeezed into the gap or undergoing excessive deformation, thus completely solving the risk of "extrusion burst".

[0019] (3) The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors of the present invention forms a center seam expansion interlocking mechanism. An expandable male head (including a skeletal capsule) is set at the edge of the active door panel, and a corresponding rigid dovetail or trapezoidal groove (female head) is set at the edge of the passive door panel. After the sealing body expands, its volume increases and it physically locks into the groove, forming a mechanical interlock. This not only solves the problem of misalignment and slippage of the top seal, but also locks the two independent door panels into one, greatly improving the overall explosion-proof bearing capacity.

[0020] (4) The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding security doors of the present invention features adaptive deformation of anisotropic materials. The FRP frame uses flexible resin or ±45° fiber lay-up at the corners to form a "flexible hinge". The frame has segmented independent deformation capabilities. In narrower gaps, the frame undergoes compaction deformation under pressure (negative Poisson's ratio structure becomes narrower / denser under pressure); in wider gaps, the frame fully expands and fills the gaps. The system can automatically compensate for gap errors along the length direction like a spring, achieving uniform contact pressure.

[0021] (5) The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors of the present invention forms a dual protection system. Even if the outer flexible bladder is damaged, the internal FRP skeleton still exists. It provides "fail-safe" characteristics. Even if the rubber outer skin is burned or punctured, causing airtightness failure, the internal high-strength carbon fiber skeleton has been stretched and locked in the door frame / groove, and can still play a mechanical blocking role, preventing the door panels from being blown open or falling off by the blast shock wave, thus ensuring the minimum structural safety. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-panel sliding protective door and adaptive sealing system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the sealing system of the present invention in the tensile expansion sealing state.

[0024] Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the sealing system of the present invention in the state of translational gap.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton flexible capsule sealing device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the internal assembly of the sealing device of the present invention along the axial direction.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a top view of the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio deformation principle of the skeleton unit of the present invention in the normal state.

[0029] Figure 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio deformation principle of the skeleton unit of the present invention under axial tensile force in the tensile state.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the anisotropic material layup and flexible hinge design of the key nodes of the skeleton unit of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the composite multilayer laminated structure of the skeleton support arm of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Door frame; 2. Sealing system assembly; 21. Flexible sealing bladder; 22. Central drive cable; 221. Force transmission anchor point; 23. Skeleton unit; 231. Rigid force transmission zone; 232. Flexible hinge zone; 24. Force transmission boss cavity; 25. Central through hole; 3. Left protective door leaf; 4. Middle protective door leaf; 5. Right protective door leaf; 6. Tension drive mechanism; 7. Door leaf panel; 8. Translation clearance. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0034] Figures 1 to 8 This invention illustrates an embodiment of an adaptive sealing system for a multi-panel sliding security door, comprising a door frame 1, a left security door panel 3, a middle security door panel 4, a right security door panel 5, and a sealing system assembly 2 installed on the edges of each door panel. The door panels open and close on a door frame track via a translation mechanism. The sealing system assembly 2 is integrally embedded in pre-fabricated "U"-shaped mounting grooves on the edges of each security door panel. In the non-operating state, the sealing system assembly 2 is in a retracted position, maintaining a fixed translation gap 8 between its outer surface and the inner surface of the door frame 1 and the mating surfaces of adjacent door panels, ensuring no mechanical friction during door panel translation.

[0035] In this embodiment, the sealing system assembly 2 is a strip-shaped component arranged along the entire edge of the door leaf. The sealing system assembly 2 includes: an outer flexible sealing bladder 21, at least one negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23 inside, and a central drive cable 22 running through the entire assembly. The flexible sealing bladder 21 covers the outside of the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23, and the two are permanently fixed together at the end of the skeleton unit 23 by a vulcanization bonding process, i.e., "bond and flesh are connected". The flexible sealing bladder 21 has a force-transmitting boss cavity 24 on the side facing the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23. The central drive cable 22 passes through the central through hole 25 on the skeleton unit 23 and is mechanically locked to each negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23 through a force-transmitting anchor point 221. The force-transmitting anchor point 221 can be a lock nut or a pressure block. One end of the central drive cable 22 is connected to the tension drive mechanism 6 fixed on the door leaf.

[0036] In this embodiment, the flexible sealing bladder 21 is made of aging-resistant rubber (such as neoprene rubber or EPDM rubber) through an extrusion molding process. Its inner wall has an integrally formed, locally thickened force-transmitting boss cavity 24 at its top. The force-transmitting boss cavity 24 acts as a stress diffusion pad, corresponding to and contacting the expansion end of the skeleton unit 23.

[0037] In this embodiment, the negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23 is fabricated from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) using a compression molding process. Its macroscopic geometry is a periodic structure exhibiting negative Poisson's ratio properties, such as... Figure 5 The concave hexagonal unit is shown. Each negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23 has a central through hole 25 through which the central drive cable 22 passes.

[0038] Specifically, the skeleton unit 23 itself adopts a rigid-flexible coupling design, with an overall hourglass shape, divided into two cones. Each cone is further divided into a rigid force transmission area 231 and a flexible hinge area 232. The rigid force transmission area 231 corresponds to the straight support arm of the skeleton unit. The rigid force transmission area 231 is laid with 0° unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg (fiber direction along the length of the skeleton), forming a "rigid link" with high axial modulus and high bending stiffness, ensuring that the straight arm does not elongate axially when subjected to huge tensile forces, thereby ensuring the rigidity and accuracy of motion transmission. The high specific modulus of carbon fiber greatly reduces the inertia of moving parts, enabling the system to have faster dynamic following in explosion-proof response and eliminating the sagging deformation problem that metal is prone to in large-span transmission. Multiple layers are bonded together by resin curing. The flexible hinge area 232 corresponds to the concave corner of the skeleton unit and the end area connected to the moving cable 22. This area is laid with ±45° glass fiber fabric or a high-toughness, low-modulus flexible resin matrix to form a "flexible hinge" capable of large-angle elastic rotation. Utilizing the low modulus and high toughness of the glass fiber matrix, a "molecular-level elastic hinge" that can be repeatedly folded is constructed. The low axial modulus and high elongation at break of the glass fiber layer ensure the elastic deformation capability of the corner area, avoiding brittle fracture of the material and ensuring that the skeleton can withstand long-term repeated opening and closing without fatigue failure. The rigid force transmission area 231 and the flexible hinge area 232 are integrally formed during manufacturing, connected through the continuous transition of the fiber layup or the continuity of the resin matrix.

[0039] In this embodiment, the central drive cable 22 and the drive mechanism 6 are as follows: The central drive cable 22 can be made of high-strength fiber rope or metal cable. The tension drive mechanism 6 is fixedly installed on the back of the door leaf, and the output end of the drive mechanism 6 is connected to the central drive cable 22. The tension drive mechanism 6 can be driven by a servo motor, a lead screw, a linear motor, or a compact hydraulic cylinder, etc.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the sealing system assembly 2 is designed with an interlocking function at the mating edge of the middle door leaf 4 and the left door leaf 3 (or the right door leaf 5). At the edge of the middle door leaf 4, the skeleton unit 23 and the flexible sealing bladder 21 of its sealing system assembly 2 form a radially expandable "male head". At the corresponding edge of the left door leaf 3, a rigid (such as metal or high-strength composite material) dovetail or trapezoidal groove is designed at the bottom or side wall of its mounting groove, serving as a "female head". When both door leaves are closed and sealed, the "male head" expands and tightly engages with the "female head", forming a mechanical interlock.

[0041] The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors of this invention operates as follows: (1) Seal establishment process: such as Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, after all the protective door panels have slid and closed into place, the control system activates the tension drive mechanism 6. The drive mechanism 6 retracts, applying an axial tension F to the central drive cable 22. The tension is synchronously transmitted to each negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit 23 through the force transmission anchor point 221. Due to the extremely high axial stiffness of the rigid force transmission area 231, it hardly elongates. The tension forces the flexible hinge area 232 to rotate elastically, resulting in a decrease in the concave angle θ of the skeleton unit. According to the geometric motion law of the negative Poisson's ratio structure, this angle change is amplified, causing the skeleton unit 23 to expand significantly in the radial direction (i.e., the height direction). The top of the expanded skeleton unit 23 pushes against the force transmission boss cavity 24 on the inner wall of the flexible sealing bladder 21, thereby causing the entire bladder 21 to bulge outwards uniformly, eventually filling the translation gap 8, and tightly adhering to the door frame 1 and the interlocking grooves of the adjacent door panels with a preset pressure, achieving reliable airtightness and watertightness.

[0042] (2) Sealing Release and Door Opening Process: When the door needs to be opened, the drive mechanism 6 releases the tension on the cable 22. At this time, the elastic potential energy stored in the flexible hinge area 232 (glass fiber lay-up) is rapidly released, driving the frame unit 23 to rebound, increasing the concave angle θ, and causing the frame to contract radially. Since the ends of the frame unit 23 are fixed to the flexible bladder 21 by vulcanization bonding, the rebound of the frame actively pulls the bladder 21 to retract inward simultaneously, causing it to quickly and completely disengage from the door frame 1, re-forming a spacious translation gap 8. The door can then be easily slid open in a zero-friction state.

[0043] (3) Explosion-proof protection and self-locking process: When an external explosion or extremely high wind pressure occurs, the impact load compresses the flexible sealing bladder 21. The pressure is transmitted to the internal skeleton unit 23 through the force transmission boss cavity 24, attempting to compress its radial height. According to the negative Poisson's ratio geometry, the radial height reduction requires an increase in the concave angle θ. However, in the sealed state, the central drive cable 22 has been tightened and locked, strictly limiting the axial elongation of the skeleton unit 23, thus locking the path of increasing angle θ in terms of geometric topology. This forms a "geometric self-locking" effect: the greater the external pressure, the more the force attempting to compress the skeleton is converted into an internal force that locks the hinge area inside the skeleton unit, causing the overall stiffness of the entire sealing body to increase sharply. At the same time, the carbon fiber layer of the rigid force transmission area 231 resists the huge bending moment, and the glass fiber layer of the flexible hinge area 232 absorbs and dissipates the impact energy using its high damping characteristics, jointly ensuring the structural integrity and airtightness of the door leaf under extreme impact. Even if the flexible sealing bladder 21 is accidentally damaged, the internally expanded and interlocked FRP skeleton can still serve as a second line of defense, providing basic mechanical protection.

[0044] The above embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors, characterized in that, The device includes at least one protective door leaf, a door frame, and a sealing system assembly. The sealing system assembly is embedded in a mounting groove on the edge of the protective door leaf. The sealing system assembly includes a flexible sealing bladder, at least one negative Poisson's ratio skeleton unit disposed within the flexible sealing bladder, a central drive cable, and a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism is connected to the skeleton unit via the central drive cable. The skeleton unit is made of fiber-reinforced composite material and has a negative Poisson's ratio geometry. Under the axial tension applied by the central drive cable, it expands radially, pushing the flexible sealing bladder outward to fill the gap between the protective door leaf and the door frame or adjacent door leaves for sealing.

2. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geometric configuration of the skeleton unit is a concave hexagonal configuration or a double-arrow configuration.

3. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The skeleton unit is a rigid-flexible coupling structure, including a rigid force transmission area and a flexible hinge area; the rigid force transmission area is laid with 0° unidirectional fiber prepreg, and the flexible hinge area is laid with ±45° fiber fabric or uses a flexible resin matrix.

4. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rigid force transmission zone is located at the straight support arm of the skeleton unit, and the flexible hinge zone is located at the concave corner and end connection of the skeleton unit.

5. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the flexible sealing bladder is provided with an integrally formed force-transmitting protrusion cavity, and the end of the skeleton unit is in contact with or connected to the inner wall of the force-transmitting protrusion cavity.

6. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central drive cable is mechanically locked to the central through hole of the skeleton unit via a force transmission anchor point.

7. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing system assembly is located at the mating edge of adjacent protective door panels; in the sealing system assembly at the edge of one of the protective door panels, the skeleton unit and the flexible sealing bladder constitute an expandable male head; a rigid dovetail-shaped or trapezoidal groove is provided at the corresponding position on the edge of the other protective door panel as a female head; during sealing, the male head expands and is inserted into the female head to form a mechanical interlock.

8. The adaptive sealing system for multi-panel sliding protective doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced composite material includes organic fiber-reinforced composite material, inorganic fiber-reinforced composite material, or hybrid fiber-reinforced composite material.

9. The adaptive sealing system for a multi-panel sliding protective door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible sealing capsule is made of aging-resistant rubber material.

Images