A small-hole-diameter tunnel TBM construction attached walkway

Abstract

This invention provides an attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction, including a support assembly and a walking unit. The support assembly includes multiple first channel steels, multiple second channel steels, and multiple third channel steels, and is detachably connected to the support assembly via a disassembly unit. This relates to the field of auxiliary passage facilities for tunnel construction. By setting up the support assembly and the walking unit, the support assembly includes multiple first channel steels, multiple second channel steels, and multiple third channel steels. The second channel steels are connected to the first channel steels, and the first channel steels are connected to the third channel steels, allowing the multiple channel steels to jointly form a support structure suitable for the tunnel's internal construction environment. A walking area is formed above the multiple first channel steels. The first steel plate in the walking unit is positioned between two adjacent first channel steels, thereby utilizing existing channel steels or channel steels laid synchronously during construction as the walkway support foundation, eliminating the need for a separate walkway support frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of auxiliary passage facilities for tunnel construction, specifically to an attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of small-diameter TBM tunnels, the tunnel cross-section is typically small, and the space available for personnel passage is quite limited, except for the track transport area, pipeline layout area, and construction equipment operating area. Especially in small-diameter circular cross-section tunnels, construction personnel often need to travel along the area near the track when conducting inspections, maintenance, material transfers, or equipment checks. This can easily lead to overlapping operations with track transport vehicles, construction trolleys, and other equipment, which not only makes passage inconvenient but also poses significant safety hazards.

[0003] In existing construction methods, to ensure personnel passage, temporary walkways are usually laid separately inside the tunnel or pedestrian walkways are built after the basic track structure is completed. However, this approach typically has the following drawbacks: First, the walkway structure requires a separate supporting foundation, occupying the already limited construction space within the tunnel and hindering the integrated layout of tracks, pipelines, and construction equipment in small-diameter tunnels. Second, traditional walkways often need to be installed after the relevant supporting structures or track construction is completed, making it difficult to simultaneously complete the pedestrian walkway construction during the laying of support components such as channel steel, resulting in a delay in the formation of the pedestrian walkway. Third, installing walkway slabs separately later increases construction procedures and labor input, reducing construction efficiency. Fourth, if construction personnel still need to walk along the track area before the formal passageway structure is formed, there is still a risk of cross-operation with transport vehicles.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an attached walkway structure suitable for the construction environment of small-diameter TBM tunnels, which can be installed by relying on existing or under-laying channel steel supports in the tunnel. During the laying of the channel steel, a pedestrian area for personnel passage is formed simultaneously, without waiting for the tunnel track to be fully ready for traffic or building the walkway separately later. This improves the efficiency of construction organization and reduces the safety risks of personnel passing through the track transportation area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels is provided to address the problems existing in the background.

[0006] In a first aspect of the invention, an attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels is provided.

[0007] The attached walkway for the construction of a small-diameter tunnel TBM includes a support assembly and a walking unit; the support assembly includes multiple first channel steels, multiple second channel steels and multiple third channel steels.

[0008] The second channel steel is connected to the first channel steel, and the first channel steel is connected to the third channel steel, forming a walking area above the plurality of first channel steels;

[0009] The walking unit includes a first steel plate, which is disposed between two adjacent first channel steels and is detachably connected to the support assembly via a disassembly unit.

[0010] Preferably, the first channel steel is horizontally arranged, and the length direction of the third channel steel is perpendicular to the length direction of the first channel steel.

[0011] Preferably, the second channel steel is an arc-shaped structure adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel and is used to abut or fix to the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0012] Preferably, the walking unit further includes a second steel plate;

[0013] The second steel plate is disposed below the first steel plate, and the second steel plate can slide relative to the first steel plate in a direction close to or away from the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0014] Preferably, the walking unit further includes a connector, a crossbeam, and rollers;

[0015] The connector is connected to the end of the second steel plate away from the first steel plate. The connector is connected to the crossbeam. Rollers are connected to both sides of the crossbeam. The two rollers are located inside the two adjacent first channel steels and can travel along the corresponding first channel steel.

[0016] The inner sides of the two rollers are respectively attached to the inner sides of the two adjacent first channel steels, and the inner sides of the first channel steels are capable of accommodating the movement of the two rollers.

[0017] Preferably, it also includes a positioning mechanism, which includes a handle, a grip, a locking part, and a shaft.

[0018] The handle is connected to the grip, the snap-fit ​​part is connected to the handle and is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle, the handle is rotatably connected to the shaft, and the shaft is connected to the crossbeam;

[0019] When the crossbeam moves to contact the third channel steel, there is a gap between the first steel plate and the second steel plate that allows the snap-fit ​​part to be inserted.

[0020] Preferably, the positioning mechanism further includes a torsion spring;

[0021] The torsion spring is sleeved on the shaft, and its two ends are connected to the handle and the crossbeam, respectively.

[0022] Preferably, the disassembly unit includes two pads, a connecting rod, a connecting rod, an insert, a notch provided inside the insert, a protrusion, a slide rod, a spring, a rotating rod, and an extension rod;

[0023] The two pads are connected above the first steel plate and located on the side away from the third channel steel. The first steel plate is connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to the insert block through the connecting rod. The insert block is engaged with the top of the third channel steel through the notch.

[0024] The rotating rod is rotatably connected to the insert block, the rotating rod is connected to the extension rod, the rotating rod is connected to the slide rod, the slide rod is slidably connected to the protrusion, the spring is sleeved on the slide rod, and the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the inner side of the protrusion and the rotating rod;

[0025] The end face of the protrusion facing the third channel steel is flat. When the extension rod is in a vertical state, the end face of the protrusion abuts against one side of the third channel steel, and the inner wall of the other side of the notch is in close contact with the other side of the third channel steel, so as to position the insert block by the friction between the protrusion and the third channel steel.

[0026] Preferably, the disassembly unit further includes a sleeve and a column;

[0027] The sleeve is disposed on the extension rod and can move along the axial direction of the extension rod. The column is connected to the insert and is coaxially disposed with the sleeve. The sleeve can be sleeved on the outer wall of the column and restrict the rotation of the extension rod.

[0028] Preferably, the sleeve is threadedly connected to the extension rod.

[0029] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0030] This invention provides an attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels. By setting up support components and walking units, the support components include multiple first channel steels, multiple second channel steels, and multiple third channel steels. The second channel steels are connected to the first channel steels, and the first channel steels are connected to the third channel steels, so that the multiple channel steels can jointly form a support structure suitable for the construction environment inside the tunnel. A walking area is formed above the multiple first channel steels. The first steel plate in the walking unit is set between two adjacent first channel steels, so that the existing channel steels or channel steels laid synchronously during construction can be used as the support foundation for the walkway, without the need to set up a separate walkway support frame.

[0031] It should be understood that the description in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the various embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the support components of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction in the tunnel is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the support assembly for the attached walkway in the construction of a small-diameter tunnel TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the walking unit of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a small-diameter tunnel TBM construction attached walkway according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the positioning mechanism for the attached walkway in the construction of a small-diameter tunnel TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] Figure 7 An exploded view of the positioning mechanism for an attached walkway in the construction of a small-diameter tunnel TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0040] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a dismantling unit for a small-diameter tunnel TBM construction attached walkway according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0041] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the dismantling unit of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 10 Another cross-sectional view of the dismantling unit of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 11 An exploded view of the dismantling unit of the attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0045] 1-Support assembly, 11-First channel steel, 12-Second channel steel, 13-Third channel steel, 2-Walking unit, 21-First steel plate, 22-Second steel plate, 23-Connector, 24-Crossbeam, 25-Roller, 3-Positioning mechanism, 31-Handle, 33-Snap-fit ​​part, 34-Torsion spring, 35-Shaft, 4-Disassembly unit, 41-Connecting rod, 410-Sleeve, 411-Column, 42-Padded block, 43-Connecting rod, 44-Insertion block, 441-Notch, 45-Protrusion, 46-Slide rod, 47-Spring, 48-Rotating rod, 49-Extension rod. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the attached walkway for TBM construction in a small-diameter tunnel includes a support assembly 1 and a walking unit 2. The support assembly 1 includes multiple first channel steels 11, multiple second channel steels 12, and multiple third channel steels 13. The second channel steels 12 are connected to the first channel steels 11, and the first channel steels 11 are connected to the third channel steels 13, forming a walking area above the multiple first channel steels 11. The first channel steels 11 are horizontally arranged to provide a load-bearing foundation for the walking unit 2. The length direction of the third channel steels 13 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first channel steels 11, and is used to connect and reinforce the multiple first channel steels 11, so that the support assembly 1 forms a stable frame structure. The second channel steels 12 are arc-shaped structures adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel and are used to abut or fix to the inner wall of the tunnel. This allows the support assembly 1 to be arranged in accordance with the curvature of the inner wall of the small-diameter tunnel, reducing the gap between the support assembly 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel and improving the stability of the walkway after installation.

[0049] The walking unit 2 includes a first steel plate 21, which is positioned between two adjacent first channel steels 11 and is detachably connected to the support assembly 1 via a disassembly unit 4. The first steel plate 21 forms a walking surface for construction workers. Its placement between adjacent first channel steels 11 provides support on both sides, improving its stability under stress. Since the first steel plate 21 is connected to the support assembly 1 via the disassembly unit 4, it can be removed from the support assembly 1 when adjusting the walkway position, repairing the support assembly 1, or dismantling a section of the walkway at the construction site. This facilitates segmented installation and relocation within small-diameter tunnels.

[0050] The walking unit 2 also includes a second steel plate 22, which is located below the first steel plate 21. The second steel plate 22 can slide relative to the first steel plate 21 in a direction close to or away from the tunnel wall. With this arrangement, the first steel plate 21 can serve as a relatively fixed main walking plate, and the second steel plate 22 can serve as an adjustable auxiliary support plate or extension plate. When construction personnel need to expand the local walking area, avoid TBM equipment, or adapt to changes in the distance between the tunnel wall and the construction passage, the second steel plate 22 can be slid out relative to the first steel plate 21; when it is not necessary to expand the walking area, or when it is necessary to reduce the space occupied by the walkway, the second steel plate 22 can be retracted towards the underside of the first steel plate 21, thereby improving the adaptability of this attached walkway to the narrow space of small-diameter tunnels.

[0051] The traveling unit 2 also includes a connector 23, a crossbeam 24, and rollers 25. The connector 23 is connected to the end of the second steel plate 22 furthest from the first steel plate 21. The connector 23 is also connected to the crossbeam 24. Rollers 25 are connected to both sides of the crossbeam 24. The two rollers 25 are located inside adjacent first channel steels 11 and can travel along the corresponding first channel steels 11. The inner sides of the two rollers 25 are in contact with the inner sides of adjacent first channel steels 11, and the inner sides of the first channel steels 11 can accommodate the rollers 25. With this arrangement, when the second steel plate 22 slides relative to the first steel plate 21, the second steel plate 22 can drive the crossbeam 24 to move synchronously via the connector 23, while the rollers 25 on both sides of the crossbeam 24 roll along the inner sides of adjacent first channel steels 11. The rollers 25 and the first channel steels 11 form a guiding fit, making the extension and retraction of the second steel plate 22 smoother and preventing significant skewing or jamming of the second steel plate 22 during sliding. Meanwhile, the first channel steel 11 serves as both the load-bearing foundation for the first steel plate 21 and the guide rail for the roller 25, which reduces the need for additional guide rail structures and makes the overall structure more suitable for the limited installation space in small-diameter tunnels.

[0052] The attached walkway for TBM construction in this small-diameter tunnel also includes a positioning mechanism 3, which comprises a handle 31, a grip 32, a locking part 33, and a shaft 35. The handle 31 is connected to the grip 32, the locking part 33 is connected to the handle 31 and is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle 31, the handle 31 is rotatably connected to the shaft 35, and the shaft 35 is connected to the crossbeam 24. When the crossbeam 24 moves to contact the third channel steel 13, it indicates that the second steel plate 22 has slid to the predetermined position. At this time, there is a gap between the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22 that allows the locking part 33 to be inserted. When the handle 31 rotates to the avoidance position, the locking part 33 avoids the gap, and the second steel plate 22 can slide relative to the first steel plate 21. When the handle 31 rotates to the locking position, the locking part 33 is inserted into the gap between the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22 to restrict the sliding of the second steel plate 22 relative to the first steel plate 21. This setting allows for mechanical restraint of the second steel plate 22 after it slides into place, preventing construction workers from stepping on it or equipment vibration from causing the second steel plate 22 to retract unexpectedly, thereby improving the safety and stability of the walkway. When the second steel plate 22 moves to coincide with the vertical projection of the first steel plate 21, the locking part 33 contacts the surface of the first steel plate 21. Since the locking part 33 is located on the side at this time, it does not affect the workers' walking.

[0053] The positioning mechanism 3 also includes a torsion spring 34, which is sleeved on the shaft 35. Both ends of the torsion spring 34 are connected to the handle 31 and the crossbeam 24, respectively. The torsion spring 34 provides a reset or holding function to the handle 31, preventing it from rotating to the avoidance position due to vibration after locking. When the operator rotates the handle 31 using the grip 32, the elasticity of the torsion spring 34 is overcome, causing the locking part 33 to disengage from the locked position. After releasing the grip 32, the handle 31 remains in or tends towards the locked state under the action of the torsion spring 34, thereby reducing the risk of mis-locking of the positioning mechanism 3.

[0054] In practical use, firstly, based on the shape of the inner wall of the small-diameter tunnel and the location of the TBM construction passage, the second channel steel 12 is abutted or fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the second channel steel 12 matches the arc contour of the inner wall of the tunnel; then, multiple first channel steels 11 are connected to the second channel steel 12, so that multiple first channel steels 11 form a load-bearing foundation for supporting the walking unit 2 inside the tunnel; subsequently, the first channel steels 11 are connected and reinforced by the third channel steel 13, so that the first channel steels 11, second channel steels 12 and third channel steels 13 form an integral support frame. After the support component 1 is installed, the first steel plate 21 is arranged between two adjacent first channel steels 11 and connected to the support component 1 through the disassembly unit 4, so that the first steel plate 21 forms a stable stepping area. When it is necessary to expand the width of the walkway or adjust the passage position on the side closer to the inner wall of the tunnel, the construction personnel pull the second steel plate 22, so that the second steel plate 22 slides relative to the first steel plate 21 in the direction closer to or away from the inner wall of the tunnel. When the second steel plate 22 slides, the connecting piece 23 drives the crossbeam 24 to move. The rollers 25 on both sides of the crossbeam 24 roll along the inner sides of the two adjacent first channel steels 11, thereby guiding the movement direction of the second steel plate 22. When the crossbeam 24 moves to contact the third channel steel 13, it indicates that the second steel plate 22 has reached the predetermined extension position. At this time, the construction worker rotates the handle 31 by the handle 32, causing the locking part 33 to rotate from the avoidance position to the locking position and insert into the gap between the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22, thereby restricting the second steel plate 22 from continuing to slide and achieving the positioning of the second steel plate 22. When it is necessary to retract the second steel plate 22, the construction worker rotates the handle 31 in the opposite direction by the handle 32, causing the locking part 33 to exit the gap between the first steel plate 21 and the second steel plate 22, and then pushes the second steel plate 22 to retract under the first steel plate 21. The rollers 25 continue to roll along the inner side of the first channel steel 11 and guide the retraction process.

[0055] In this embodiment, the disassembly unit 4 includes two pads 42, a connecting rod 41, a connecting rod 43, an insert 44, a notch 441 disposed inside the insert 44, a protrusion 45, a sliding rod 46, a spring 47, a rotating rod 48, and an extension rod 49. The two pads 42 are connected above the first steel plate 21 and located on the side away from the third channel steel 13. The pads 42 are used to compensate for the local height or stress position of the first steel plate 21, so that the first steel plate 21 can be stably supported on the support assembly 1 after installation. The first steel plate 21 is connected to the connecting rod 41, and the connecting rod 41 is connected to the insert 44 through the connecting rod 43. The insert 44 is snapped into the top of the third channel steel 13 through the notch 441. The first steel plate 21 can be connected to the insert block 44 by means of the connecting rod 41 and the connecting rod 43; the first steel plate 21 and the third channel steel 13 can be detachably connected by means of the notch 441 on the insert block 44 engaging with the top of the third channel steel 13, thereby facilitating the installation and removal of the first steel plate 21.

[0056] The rotating rod 48 is rotatably connected to the insert block 44, the rotating rod 48 is connected to the extension rod 49, the rotating rod 48 is connected to the slide rod 46, and the slide rod 46 is slidably connected to the protrusion 45. A spring 47 is sleeved on the slide rod 46, and both ends of the spring 47 are connected to the inner sides of the protrusion 45 and the rotating rod 48, respectively. The extension rod 49 is used for operators to manipulate the rotating rod 48; when the operators rotate the extension rod 49, the rotating rod 48 rotates relative to the insert block 44. The slide rod 46 guides the movement of the protrusion 45, and the spring 47 provides elastic clamping force to the protrusion 45, allowing the protrusion 45 to press against the side of the third channel steel 13. The end face of the protrusion 45 facing the third channel steel 13 is flat. When the extension rod 49 is in a vertical position, the end face of the protrusion 45 abuts against one side of the third channel steel 13, and the inner wall of the other side of the notch 441 is in close contact with the other side of the third channel steel 13, thereby clamping the third channel steel 13 between the protrusion 45 and the inner wall of the notch 441. Through this clamping relationship, friction is generated between the protrusion 45 and the third channel steel 13, and the inner wall of the other side of the notch 441 also forms an abutment fit with the third channel steel 13, thereby achieving the positioning of the insert 44 and preventing the insert 44 from loosening or disengaging relative to the third channel steel 13.

[0057] The disassembly unit 4 also includes a sleeve 410 and a column 411. The sleeve 410 is mounted on the extension rod 49 and can move axially along the extension rod 49. The column 411 is connected to the insert block 44 and is coaxially arranged with the sleeve 410. The sleeve 410 can be fitted onto the outer wall of the column 411 and restricts the rotation of the extension rod 49. The sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the extension rod 49. With this arrangement, when the extension rod 49 drives the rotating rod 48 to rotate to the locking position, the construction personnel can move the sleeve 410 axially along the extension rod 49, so that the sleeve 410 is fitted onto the outer wall of the column 411. Since the column 411 is connected to the insert block 44, after the sleeve 410 is fitted onto the column 411, the rotational freedom of the extension rod 49 is restricted, thereby preventing the extension rod 49 from rotating in the opposite direction due to construction vibration or accidental contact, and ensuring that the protrusion 45 continuously presses against the third channel steel 13. Since the sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the extension rod 49, the sleeve 410 can be rotated to move axially along the extension rod 49, which makes it easy to control the sleeve 410's engagement or disengagement from the column 411.

[0058] In actual use, when installing the first steel plate 21, first place the first steel plate 21 between two adjacent first channel steels 11, so that the installation position of the first steel plate 21 corresponds to the third channel steel 13; then align the notch 441 of the insert block 44 with the top of the third channel steel 13, and let the top of the third channel steel 13 enter the notch 441. At this time, the insert block 44 is connected to the first steel plate 21 through the connecting rod 41 and the connecting rod 43, and the first steel plate 21 can be initially positioned on the support assembly 1. Then the construction personnel rotate the extension rod 49, and the extension rod 49 drives the rotating rod 48 to rotate relative to the insert block 44, so that the protrusion 45 gradually approaches one side of the third channel steel 13; under the elastic action of the spring 47, the protrusion 45 is pushed towards the third channel steel 13 along the sliding rod 46 until the flat end face of the protrusion 45 presses against one side of the third channel steel 13, while the inner wall of the other side of the notch 441 is in close contact with the other side of the third channel steel 13. At this time, the third channel steel 13 is clamped between the protrusion 45 and the inner wall of the notch 441. The disassembly unit 4 uses the friction generated by the clamping pressure to fix the insert 44, thereby making the first steel plate 21 stably connected to the support assembly 1. Then, the sleeve 410 is rotated, so that the sleeve 410 moves axially along the extension rod 49 and fits on the outer wall of the column 411. The cooperation between the sleeve 410 and the column 411 restricts the extension rod 49 from continuing to rotate, preventing the protrusion 45 from loosening the third channel steel 13. When it is necessary to disassemble the first steel plate 21, first rotate the sleeve 410 in the opposite direction, so that the sleeve 410 exits the column 411 axially along the extension rod 49; then rotate the extension rod 49, so that the rotating rod 48 drives the protrusion 45 to release the clamping state of the third channel steel 13. After the clamping force between the notch 441 and the third channel steel 13 disappears, the insert 44 can be disengaged from the third channel steel 13, thereby removing the first steel plate 21 from the support assembly 1. The disassembly process does not require damaging the structural connection between the first steel plate 21 and the support component 1, which can meet the needs of rapid installation, rapid disassembly and reuse of the walkway during TBM construction.

[0059] This embodiment provides an attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels. It utilizes a first, second, and third channel steel to form an attached support structure adapted to the circular cross-section of the tunnel. The second channel steel employs an arc-shaped structure that conforms to the tunnel's inner wall, allowing the walkway support components to be arranged along the tunnel's inner wall. This avoids occupying significant additional space within the tunnel for pedestrian access, making it suitable for construction environments with compact layouts of tracks, pipelines, and construction equipment in small-diameter TBM tunnels (6m or less). Compared to traditional methods of erecting a fixed walkway alongside the track or installing walkway panels after the TBM trolley has passed, this structure utilizes the tunnel's inner wall and the channel steel frame to create a passageway for construction personnel. This reduces the obstruction of the track transport area, thereby lowering the risk of overlapping operations between inspection and maintenance personnel and track transport vehicles, and improving personnel safety.

[0060] Meanwhile, the first steel plate is detachably connected to the support assembly via a disassembly unit, and the second steel plate can slide relative to the first steel plate, forming a guiding engagement with the first channel steel via rollers. This allows the walkway to extend or retract according to the local space within the tunnel, equipment location, and construction access requirements. The positioning mechanism can limit the second steel plate after it slides into place, preventing the walkway slab from retracting under personnel foot traffic or equipment vibration, thus improving operational stability. The disassembly unit, through the cooperation of inserts, notches, protrusions, springs, rotating rods, and extension rods, ensures that the protrusion abuts against one side of the third channel steel, and that the inner wall of the other side of the notch is in close contact with the other side of the third channel steel, thereby achieving rapid positioning using clamping friction. The sleeve, after engaging with the column, can restrict the rotation of the extension rod, preventing the locking state from loosening. Therefore, this walkway can be quickly installed, quickly disassembled and reused. It can be laid out simultaneously during the TBM track construction process, without waiting for the TBM trolley to pass before installation. This can improve the efficiency of pedestrian passage formation in tunnels, reduce the difficulty of construction organization and economic costs, and make up for the lack of dedicated pedestrian passage structures with small space occupation and simultaneous installation in small-diameter TBM circular tunnels.

[0061] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A type of attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels, characterized in that, It includes a support assembly (1) and a walking unit (2); the support assembly (1) includes a plurality of first channel steels (11), a plurality of second channel steels (12) and a plurality of third channel steels (13); The second channel steel (12) is connected to the first channel steel (11), the first channel steel (11) is connected to the third channel steel (13), and a walking area is formed above the plurality of first channel steels (11); The walking unit (2) includes a first steel plate (21), which is disposed between two adjacent first channel steels (11) and is detachably connected to the support assembly (1) through a disassembly unit (4).

2. The attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first channel steel (11) is set horizontally, and the length direction of the third channel steel (13) is perpendicular to the length direction of the first channel steel (11).

3. The attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second channel steel (12) is an arc-shaped structure adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel and is used to abut or fix to the inner wall of the tunnel.

4. The attached walkway for small-diameter tunnel TBM construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The walking unit (2) also includes a second steel plate (22); The second steel plate (22) is located below the first steel plate (21), and the second steel plate (22) can slide relative to the first steel plate (21) in a direction close to or away from the inner wall of the tunnel.

5. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The walking unit (2) also includes a connector (23), a crossbeam (24), and rollers (25); The connector (23) is connected to the end of the second steel plate (22) away from the first steel plate (21). The connector (23) is connected to the crossbeam (24). Rollers (25) are connected to both sides of the crossbeam (24). The two rollers (25) are located on the inner side of two adjacent first channel steels (11) and can travel along the corresponding first channel steels (11). The inner sides of the two rollers (25) are respectively attached to the inner sides of the two adjacent first channel steels (11), and the inner sides of the first channel steels (11) can accommodate the movement of the two rollers (25).

6. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a positioning mechanism (3), which includes a handle (31), a grip (32), a locking part (33), and a shaft (35). The handle (31) is connected to the grip (32), the snap-fit ​​part (33) is connected to the handle (31) and is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle (31), the handle (31) is rotatably connected to the shaft (35), and the shaft (35) is connected to the crossbeam (24). When the crossbeam (24) moves to contact the third channel steel (13), there is a gap between the first steel plate (21) and the second steel plate (22) that allows the snap-fit ​​part (33) to be inserted.

7. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism (3) also includes a torsion spring (34); The torsion spring (34) is sleeved on the shaft (35), and the two ends of the torsion spring (34) are respectively connected to the handle (31) and the crossbeam (24).

8. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disassembly unit (4) includes two pads (42), a connecting rod (41), a connecting rod (43), an insert (44), a notch (441) provided on the inner side of the insert (44), a protrusion (45), a slide rod (46), a spring (47), a rotating rod (48), and an extension rod (49). Two pads (42) are connected above the first steel plate (21) and located on the side away from the third channel steel (13). The first steel plate (21) is connected to the connecting rod (41). The connecting rod (41) is connected to the insert (44) through the connecting rod (43). The insert (44) is snapped onto the top of the third channel steel (13) through the notch (441). The rotating rod (48) is rotatably connected to the insert block (44), the rotating rod (48) is connected to the extension rod (49), the rotating rod (48) is connected to the slide rod (46), the slide rod (46) is slidably connected to the protrusion (45), the spring (47) is sleeved on the slide rod (46), and the two ends of the spring (47) are respectively connected to the inner side of the protrusion (45) and the rotating rod (48); The end face of the protrusion (45) facing the third channel steel (13) is flat. When the extension rod (49) is in a vertical state, the end face of the protrusion (45) abuts against one side of the third channel steel (13), and the inner wall of the other side of the notch (441) is in close contact with the other side of the third channel steel (13) so as to position the insert (44) by the friction between the protrusion (45) and the third channel steel (13).

9. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that, The disassembly unit (4) also includes a sleeve (410) and a column (411). The sleeve (410) is disposed on the extension rod (49) and can move along the axial direction of the extension rod (49). The column (411) is connected to the insert (44) and is coaxially disposed with the sleeve (410). The sleeve (410) can be sleeved on the outer wall of the column (411) and restrict the rotation of the extension rod (49).

10. The attached walkway for TBM construction in small-diameter tunnels according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sleeve (410) is threadedly connected to the extension rod (49).

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