Reactor short-circuit fault detection method

Abstract

This application provides a method for detecting short-circuit faults in reactors. By simultaneously acquiring temperature and vibration signals through temperature and vibration measuring points arranged on the outer surface of the target reactor, and comparing and analyzing these signals with reference temperature and vibration distributions, abnormal temperature rise and vibration regions can be captured from the multi-dimensional characteristics of the reactor's operating state. By correlating the spatial distribution of temperature and vibration anomalies, misjudgments caused by environmental interference or measurement errors in single-signal detection can be effectively eliminated, accurately locating the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault. Multi-signal fusion and spatial correlation analysis enhance the comprehensiveness and robustness of fault detection. Setting judgment conditions based on the spatial distribution differences of abnormal regions further avoids misjudgments caused by local signal fluctuations or external interference, thus significantly improving the accuracy and location efficiency of short-circuit fault detection under complex operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical testing, and in particular to a method for detecting short-circuit faults in reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Dry-type air-core reactors are increasingly widely used in power systems, especially in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations, due to their stable inductance, low losses, and ease of maintenance. The safe and stable operation of dry-type air-core reactors plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of power supply. However, dry-type air-core reactors are subjected to various stresses during operation, including those from electric heating elements, making them prone to short-circuit faults. Therefore, monitoring short-circuit faults in dry-type air-core reactors is of great significance.

[0003] The presence of a short circuit alters the electrical parameters of a dry-type air-core reactor, leading to changes in the characteristics of its electromagnetic, vibration, and thermal signals. Therefore, monitoring these changes in characteristic quantities can facilitate the detection and location of short-circuit faults in dry-type air-core reactors. In some feasible implementations, temperature changes can be detected to determine the fault state; however, the effective range and accuracy of this detection are limited, and the complex parameter detection process results in inefficient data processing. Therefore, a method for detecting and locating short-circuit faults in reactors is needed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of reactor fault detection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to address at least one of the aforementioned technical deficiencies, particularly the low efficiency and effectiveness of existing reactor fault detection technologies.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for detecting short-circuit faults in a reactor, the method comprising: Multiple temperature measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through a target temperature sensor. In addition, multiple vibration measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measuring point is obtained through a target vibration sensor. The temperature signal is compared with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and the vibration signal is compared with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area; Based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined.

[0006] As an optional implementation, the step of determining multiple temperature measuring points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquiring the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point through a target temperature sensor, includes: Multiple temperature measurement points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and fiber optic temperature sensors are arranged along the axial direction. The temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through the fiber optic grating temperature sensor.

[0007] As an optional implementation, the step of determining multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquiring the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point through a target vibration sensor, includes: Based on the physical structure of the target reactor, a finite element simulation model is established; Based on the finite element simulation model, the vibration response of the target reactor during power frequency operation is simulated, and the axial region in the outer enclosure where the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset threshold is selected as the range for measuring point arrangement. Reflective markers are set within the range of the measurement points, and the marked areas are periodically scanned by a laser vibrometer to collect vibration signals.

[0008] As an optional implementation, comparing the temperature signal with a reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise region includes: Based on the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point and the target temperature under the target operating condition, determine the real-time temperature difference corresponding to each temperature measuring point. Based on the current load rate corresponding to the target reactor, determine the dynamic temperature baseline corresponding to each temperature measuring point; If the real-time temperature difference of the corresponding temperature measuring point exceeds the dynamic temperature baseline and is the highest temperature among the axial measuring points of the package, then the physical area matched by the corresponding temperature measuring point will be marked as an abnormal temperature rise area.

[0009] As an optional implementation, comparing the vibration signal with a reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration region includes: Based on the vibration signal, calculate the sum of the real-time vibration amplitudes corresponding to each vibration measuring point in the same package. If the sum of the vibration amplitudes exceeds the sum of the target amplitudes under the target working condition, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault on the corresponding package. Determine whether the vibration signals corresponding to each target vibration measurement point on the package with a short circuit fault meet the vibration abnormality conditions, and mark the physical area matched by the vibration measurement point that meets the vibration abnormality conditions as the abnormal vibration area. The abnormal vibration conditions include: the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point and its adjacent measuring points both exceed the target amplitude corresponding to the target working condition, and / or, the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point exceeds the average vibration amplitude of adjacent measuring points by a preset multiple.

[0010] As an optional implementation, determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region includes: If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area on the same envelope is lower than a preset height threshold, then the corresponding position is directly determined as a short circuit fault area, and the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined. If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region on the same envelope is not lower than a preset height threshold, then the harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters of the three-phase current of the reactor at a preset order are collected. Based on the harmonic content and the equivalent impedance, it is determined whether the current abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region meet the fault judgment conditions. If they meet the fault judgment conditions, then the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined based on the physical location of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. The fault determination conditions include: the harmonic content exceeds a preset harmonic threshold, and / or the impedance change rate corresponding to the equivalent impedance parameter exceeds a preset change rate threshold.

[0011] As an optional implementation, after determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, the method further includes: Based on the fault envelope and axial height, as well as the corresponding temperature and vibration signals, a fault detection result including the fault location and severity level is generated, and a corresponding operation and maintenance response command is triggered. Specifically, the triggering of the corresponding operation and maintenance response command includes: classifying the fault level into a first level, a second level, or a third level based on the temperature exceeding the limit and the vibration amplitude increment at the fault location; If the fault level is the first level, a corresponding maintenance work order will be generated within a preset time. If the fault level is the second level, an alarm mechanism is triggered to generate physical alarm signals and communication alarm signals; If the fault level is level three, a shutdown command will be immediately triggered, and the power grid dispatch system will be linked to adjust the operating topology.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a reactor short-circuit fault detection device, the device comprising: The acquisition module is used to determine multiple temperature measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measurement point through a target temperature sensor, and determine multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point through a target vibration sensor. The processing module is used to compare the temperature signal with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and to compare the vibration signal with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area. The processing module is also used to determine the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device including one or more processors and a memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0014] Fourthly, this application provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this application have the following advantages: Based on any of the above embodiments, the method provided in this application constructs a complete reactor short-circuit fault detection method through multi-dimensional signal fusion, dynamic baseline adjustment, and a hierarchical judgment mechanism. First, based on the dual acquisition of temperature and vibration signals and comparative analysis with a benchmark distribution, fault features can be extracted from the electrothermal-mechanical coupling characteristics, overcoming the limitations of single-parameter detection. High-precision data acquisition using a fiber optic temperature sensor and a laser vibrometer, combined with finite element simulation-optimized measurement point layout, significantly improves the representativeness and reliability of the signals. The design of judgment conditions based on dynamic temperature baseline and the sum of vibration amplitudes further enhances the method's adaptability to complex operating conditions, avoiding misjudgments caused by load fluctuations or environmental interference. In the fault location stage, the judgment process based on the spatial distribution differences of abnormal areas and the auxiliary verification of harmonic and impedance parameters achieves accurate short-circuit fault location and suppresses misjudgments. Finally, a hierarchical response mechanism based on fault levels and grid dispatch linkage control transforms the detection results into operable operation and maintenance instructions, forming a closed-loop management system from data acquisition to operation and maintenance response. Compared with traditional methods, this application improves detection efficiency and significantly enhances the accuracy of fault location and the scientific nature of operation and maintenance decisions by using multi-signal fusion, dynamic optimization and hierarchical judgment, thus providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of reactors and the stable power supply of the power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a reactor short-circuit fault detection method provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a reactor short-circuit fault detection method provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a reactor short-circuit fault detection method provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The main criteria for detecting inter-turn short-circuit faults in existing dry-type air-core reactors include changes in reactor impedance, ambient magnetic field, and temperature before and after the short circuit. The commonly used high-frequency pulse oscillation method has advantages such as clear characteristic values ​​and high accuracy; however, this method is offline, requiring the reactor to be stopped from normal operation, and can cause some damage to the reactor, resulting in low feasibility and high maintenance costs. Online monitoring methods that detect impedance and power angle changes place high demands on the electrical sensors' resistance to electromagnetic interference and cannot cope with grid frequency fluctuations. While detection methods based on changes in ambient magnetic field are easy to implement online, they are susceptible to interference from the complex surrounding electromagnetic environment and struggle to locate inter-turn short-circuit faults.

[0020] The temperature characteristics of a reactor can accurately reflect its operating and fault status. Infrared thermometry is also the most commonly used condition monitoring method for reactors in the field. However, infrared thermometry can usually only monitor the temperature changes of the outer casing and cannot monitor in real time on-site. Embedded fiber optic temperature sensors have changed the reactor manufacturing process and have not established a comprehensive theoretical correspondence between temperature rise and inter-turn short-circuit faults, resulting in unreasonable measurement point layout and failure to achieve the most concise and effective measurement of temperature information. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reasonable temperature monitoring scheme to achieve reliable online monitoring of multi-encapsulation temperatures and to diagnose and locate inter-turn short-circuit faults based on changes in temperature characteristic parameters. At the same time, this scheme integrates temperature rise detection and vibration detection methods, combines mechanical signals and temperature signals, avoids missed detections and false detections, and achieves detection of full-encapsulation short-circuit faults as early as possible, further improving the reliability of inter-turn short-circuit fault detection. This monitoring scheme can ensure early warning in inter-turn metallic short circuits, enabling the faulty reactor to be disconnected as early as possible, preventing the accident from escalating and affecting the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0021] This application first designs a reasonable and effective arrangement scheme for multi-encapsulation temperature sensors in reactors. Specifically, considering the symmetry of the encapsulation structure and temperature rise, a fiber optic temperature sensing system is arranged in an axial row on the encapsulation surface. Due to the uncertainty of short-circuit fault locations, an axial temperature-measuring fiber optic grating is arranged on each encapsulation. Then, based on the collected multi-encapsulation temperature data, reactor health status monitoring is performed: the temperature of an axial row of measuring points on a certain encapsulation remains stable during steady-state operation. If the temperature rise at a measuring point at a certain height of an encapsulation is abnormal, it can be determined that an inter-turn short-circuit fault has occurred at that height. The reactor vibration signal is generated by the conductor current under electromagnetic excitation. Due to the symmetry of the reactor structure, an axial measuring point can also be arranged on the outer encapsulation surface of the reactor, and a laser vibrometer can be used for non-contact vibration signal measurement. If the vibration signal at a measuring point at a certain height of the encapsulation increases abnormally, it can be determined that an inter-turn short-circuit fault has occurred at that height. Finally, maintenance decisions are made based on the reactor operating status diagnosis results that integrate temperature rise and vibration distribution. Vibration detection offers the advantage of rapid response to short-circuit conditions and can compensate for the time delay in temperature rise detection. Distributed temperature rise measurement enables full-encapsulation condition monitoring and solves the problem of difficulty in measuring vibration signals within the inner encapsulation. Combining temperature and vibration distribution signals allows for the diagnosis of inter-turn short-circuit faults in the reactor's full encapsulation as early as possible. For any type of dry-type air-core reactor, the method provided in this application can effectively detect and locate inter-turn short circuits.

[0022] This application proposes a method for detecting inter-turn short-circuit conditions by arranging a row of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors along each encapsulation axis. Utilizing the circumferential symmetry of the temperature rise distribution, it achieves the most concise and effective measurement of temperature information. Furthermore, it integrates temperature and vibration distribution characteristics for inter-turn short-circuit fault detection, with the two complementing each other and improving the reliability of the condition monitoring method. Specifically, the technical concept of this application lies in the fact that the method provided constructs a complete reactor short-circuit fault detection method through multi-dimensional signal fusion, dynamic baseline adjustment, and a hierarchical judgment mechanism. First, based on the dual acquisition of temperature and vibration signals and comparative analysis with a reference distribution, fault features can be extracted from the electrothermal-mechanical coupling characteristics, overcoming the limitations of single-parameter detection. Through high-precision data acquisition by fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors and laser vibrometers, combined with finite element simulation-optimized measurement point arrangement, the representativeness and reliability of the signals are significantly improved. The design of the judgment condition based on the dynamic temperature baseline and the sum of vibration amplitudes further enhances the method's adaptability to complex operating conditions and avoids misjudgments caused by load fluctuations or environmental interference. In the fault location phase, by employing a judgment process based on spatial distribution differences in abnormal areas and auxiliary verification using harmonic and impedance parameters, accurate location and suppression of false alarms for short-circuit faults were achieved. Finally, a graded response mechanism based on fault levels, coupled with grid dispatch control, transformed the detection results into actionable maintenance instructions, forming a closed-loop management system from data acquisition to maintenance response. Compared to traditional methods, this application, through multi-signal fusion, dynamic optimization, and graded judgment, significantly enhances the accuracy of fault location and the scientific nature of maintenance decisions while improving detection efficiency, providing reliable guarantees for the safe operation of reactors and stable power supply to the grid.

[0023] The methods provided in this application will be described in detail below based on the corresponding implementation methods in some practical application scenarios.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a reactor short-circuit fault detection method according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S101. Multiple temperature measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through a target temperature sensor. Also, multiple vibration measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measuring point is obtained through a target vibration sensor. S102. Compare the temperature signal with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and compare the vibration signal with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area; S103. Based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area, determine the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault.

[0025] For the temperature-based solution, firstly, an axial fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is arranged on each encapsulation surface of the reactor to construct an effective reactor temperature rise measurement network. Based on the temperature rise measurement network, the temperature rise signals at different measuring points are collected in real time to obtain the reactor temperature distribution. This distribution is then compared with the temperature distribution under the same operating conditions. If an abnormal axial temperature distribution is found in a certain encapsulation, it is preliminarily determined that the corresponding encapsulation has a short-circuit fault. Further data analysis and processing are performed on the abnormal temperature rise signal distribution. Based on preset criteria, fault diagnosis, location, and maintenance decisions are made.

[0026] For vibration-based solutions, an axial row of laser measuring points is first set on the outer surface of the reactor. A scanning laser vibration measurement system is used to perform non-contact measurement and acquisition of the axial vibration distribution signal. The real-time acquired vibration distribution of the reactor's outer casing is compared with the baseline distribution under the same operating conditions. If the axial vibration distribution shows an abnormal increase, a short-circuit fault is initially determined. Further data analysis and processing are performed on the abnormal vibration signal distribution. Based on preset criteria, fault diagnosis, location, and maintenance decisions are made.

[0027] For details on the implementation method and its coordination with other implementation methods, please refer to the relevant description.

[0028] This implementation method simultaneously collects temperature and vibration signals by arranging temperature and vibration measuring points on the outer surface of the target reactor. By comparing and analyzing these signals with reference temperature and vibration distributions, it can capture abnormal temperature rise and vibration regions from the multi-dimensional characteristics of the reactor's operating state. Correlation analysis of the spatial distribution of temperature and vibration anomalies effectively eliminates misjudgments caused by environmental interference or measurement errors in single-signal detection, accurately locating the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to short-circuit faults. Compared to detection methods relying solely on temperature or vibration parameters, this method enhances the comprehensiveness and robustness of fault detection through multi-signal fusion and spatial correlation analysis. Furthermore, setting judgment conditions based on the spatial distribution differences of abnormal areas further avoids misjudgments caused by local signal fluctuations or external interference, thus significantly improving the accuracy and location efficiency of short-circuit fault detection under complex operating conditions, providing a reliable basis for subsequent maintenance responses.

[0029] As an optional implementation, the step of determining multiple temperature measuring points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquiring the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point through a target temperature sensor, includes: Multiple temperature measurement points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and fiber optic temperature sensors are arranged along the axial direction. The temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through the fiber optic grating temperature sensor.

[0030] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a reactor short-circuit fault detection method provided in one embodiment of this application, used to illustrate the distribution of the temperature detection network. The arrangement of the reactor fiber Bragg grating is shown in the schematic diagram below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0031] The structure of a dry-type air-core reactor includes a helical winding, encapsulation, support bars, a star-shaped frame, and post insulators. The winding heats up under the influence of the operating current, and the heat generated by the conductors is transferred to the encapsulation surface through heat transfer. Temperature sensors placed on the encapsulation surface can detect the internal conductor temperature rise and heat generation. When an inter-turn short circuit occurs between two turns in the encapsulation of a dry-type air-core reactor, the short-circuited turn will induce a short-circuit current much higher than the rated value, while the total current of the coil where the short circuit occurs changes relatively little. Since the heat generated by the conductors is proportional to the square of the current, the heat in the short-circuit ring rises sharply when a short circuit occurs, while the heat change in other parts of the coil where the short-circuit ring is located is relatively small. After a certain period, the temperature at the location of the short-circuit ring will be significantly higher than that of other parts of the encapsulation. Therefore, by observing the significant changes in the temperature distribution on the encapsulation, the changes in the current magnitude at various locations within the encapsulation can be determined, thereby enabling the diagnosis and location of inter-turn short-circuit faults.

[0032] In this invention, to achieve inter-turn short-circuit fault detection and location of reactors based on encapsulation temperature distribution, an axial row of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors should first be arranged on each encapsulation surface. Since the reactor structure is symmetrical, the temperature distribution is also symmetrical. By measuring the temperature at one row of measuring points, the temperature rise status of the entire encapsulation can be detected. By arranging a row of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors on each encapsulation, the temperature rise status of the entire reactor encapsulation can be detected.

[0033] The temperature distribution of a reactor has circumferential symmetry. A single fiber Bragg grating can be used to monitor the temperature rise of a single package. Installing fiber Bragg gratings on each package can build a temperature rise measurement network to monitor the entire reactor.

[0034] The temperature rise measurement network can reflect the temperature distribution characteristics of the reactor in real time, including the temperature distribution of a single-encapsulated axial column of measuring points and the temperature distribution characteristics of a single-encapsulated axial column of measuring points.

[0035] This embodiment achieves high-density coverage of temperature measurement points and continuous monitoring of the axial temperature gradient by arranging fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors along the axial direction on the outer surface of the reactor. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are characterized by strong anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities and high measurement accuracy, making them particularly suitable for temperature acquisition in the strong electromagnetic environment of reactors. The axial arrangement allows for simultaneous acquisition of temperature distribution characteristics at different axial heights, providing multi-dimensional data support for identifying abnormal temperature rise areas. Compared to traditional discrete temperature measurement devices, this method significantly improves the spatial resolution of the temperature signal through continuous axial temperature measurement, enabling more precise identification of abnormal temperature rise areas and further enhancing the sensitivity and reliability of fault detection.

[0036] As an optional implementation, the step of determining multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquiring the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point through a target vibration sensor, includes: Based on the physical structure of the target reactor, a finite element simulation model is established; Based on the finite element simulation model, the vibration response of the target reactor during power frequency operation is simulated, and the axial region in the outer enclosure where the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset threshold is selected as the range for measuring point arrangement. Reflective markers are set within the range of the measurement points, and the marked areas are periodically scanned by a laser vibrometer to collect vibration signals.

[0037] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a reactor short-circuit fault detection method provided in one embodiment of this application, used to illustrate the design of the vibration detection network. The arrangement of the reactor fiber Bragg gratings is shown in the diagram below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0038] A finite element simulation model was constructed based on the actual structure of the reactor. Modal simulation was used to analyze the locations of strong encapsulated vibration response of the reactor during 50Hz power frequency operation, and axial laser measuring points were set at the corresponding locations. In actual non-contact vibration measurement, a row of reflective strips should first be arranged around the axial measuring points on the reactor's outer enclosure. The number and density of measuring points on the reflective strips were set using the corresponding software on the PC. Then, the laser probe was controlled to emit and receive light signals. The control box converted the light signals containing vibration information into vibration signals and transmitted them. The vibration information was then acquired and saved through the acquisition card and PC.

[0039] When an inter-turn short circuit occurs between two turns in the enclosure of a dry-type air-core reactor, the short-circuited turn will induce a short-circuit current much higher than the rated value, while the total current of the coil where the short circuit occurs changes relatively little. Since the vibration generated by the conductor is proportional to the square of the current, the vibration amplitude in the short-circuit ring increases significantly when a short circuit occurs, while the vibration intensity in other parts of the coil where the short-circuit ring is located increases, but the change is relatively small. The reactor is a monolithic structure; any increase in vibration signal caused by an inter-turn short circuit fault in any layer of the enclosure can be transmitted to the outer enclosure through the interconnected structures such as the enclosure and support bars. Therefore, the diagnosis and precise location of inter-turn short circuit faults can be achieved by observing changes in the vibration distribution on the outer enclosure.

[0040] This implementation method simulates the vibration response of a reactor operating at power frequency using a finite element method (FEM) model. Axial regions with vibration amplitudes exceeding a preset threshold are selected as the measurement point layout area, and periodic scanning is performed using a laser vibrometer. Optimizing the measurement point layout through simulation avoids redundancy or omissions caused by blindly placing points, accurately pinpointing sensitive areas of vibration signals and improving the effectiveness of vibration signal acquisition. The non-contact measurement method of the laser vibrometer avoids interference from sensor installation on the reactor structure, while periodic scanning dynamically captures the temporal variation characteristics of the vibration signal. Compared to traditional fixed vibration sensors, this method, through simulation-guided measurement point optimization and dynamic scanning mechanisms, significantly improves the representativeness of vibration signals, laying a data foundation for the accurate identification of abnormal vibration areas.

[0041] As an optional implementation, comparing the temperature signal with a reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise region includes: Based on the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point and the target temperature under the target operating condition, determine the real-time temperature difference corresponding to each temperature measuring point. Based on the current load rate corresponding to the target reactor, determine the dynamic temperature baseline corresponding to each temperature measuring point; If the real-time temperature difference of the corresponding temperature measuring point exceeds the dynamic temperature baseline and is the highest temperature among the axial measuring points of the package, then the physical area matched by the corresponding temperature measuring point will be marked as an abnormal temperature rise area.

[0042] The temperature measurements at each measuring point during normal steady-state operation of the reactor are used as reference data. The real-time temperature data collected at each measuring point is compared with the original data under normal operating conditions. If the real-time temperature value T at a certain measuring point... ij Compared to the original temperature value T at this point under normal conditions i0j0 A significant deviation occurs (e.g., 15 degrees Celsius as shown in the formula), and the formula is satisfied simultaneously: , .

[0043] In the formula, T ij T represents the real-time temperature value measured at the i-th encapsulation from the outside in and the j-th fiber grating measuring point from the top down along the axial direction; i0j0 The temperature values ​​measured at the corresponding fiber optic grating measurement points under historical normal operating conditions; max{T i} represents the maximum temperature rise measured at each fiber grating measuring point along the i-th envelope axis.

[0044] This indicates that an abnormal temperature rise has occurred at the location corresponding to the i-th envelope and the j-th fiber optic grating measurement point. The reactor should be disconnected from the line as soon as possible and maintenance and repair should be carried out to prevent the short circuit fault from developing and expanding over time and causing a fire.

[0045] This implementation method utilizes a real-time temperature difference and dynamic temperature baseline determination mechanism to dynamically adapt to temperature changes under different load rates. Adjusting the dynamic temperature baseline based on the current load rate avoids misjudgments caused by load fluctuations, making the identification of abnormal temperature rise areas more closely aligned with actual operating conditions. Simultaneously, combining the highest temperature screening condition from the axial measurement points within the enclosure allows for rapid identification of localized overheating areas, eliminating interference from uniform temperature rises in fault diagnosis. Compared to fixed-threshold temperature determination methods, this method, through dynamic baseline adjustment and localized highest temperature screening, significantly improves the adaptability and accuracy of abnormal temperature rise area detection, especially in scenarios with frequent load fluctuations, effectively distinguishing between normal temperature rises and abnormal temperature rises caused by faults.

[0046] As an optional implementation, comparing the vibration signal with a reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration region includes: Based on the vibration signal, calculate the sum of the real-time vibration amplitudes corresponding to each vibration measuring point in the same package. If the sum of the vibration amplitudes exceeds the sum of the target amplitudes under the target working condition, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault on the corresponding package. Determine whether the vibration signals corresponding to each target vibration measurement point on the package with a short circuit fault meet the vibration abnormality conditions, and mark the physical area matched by the vibration measurement point that meets the vibration abnormality conditions as the abnormal vibration area. The abnormal vibration conditions include: the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point and its adjacent measuring points both exceed the target amplitude corresponding to the target working condition, and / or, the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point exceeds the average vibration amplitude of adjacent measuring points by a preset multiple.

[0047] Using the vibration distribution signals of each measuring point during the normal steady-state operation of the reactor as reference data, the vibration values ​​of each measuring point collected in real time are compared with the original values ​​under normal operating conditions. Assuming a total of m measuring points are enclosed in a column during monitoring, the measuring point numbers from top to bottom are 1, 2…k…m. If the following formula is satisfied, it can be preliminarily determined that the reactor has a short-circuit fault: .

[0048] In the formula, a h (h belongs to 1, 2…m) represents the vibration value measured in real time at the h-th measuring point counting from top to bottom along the axial direction of the outer enclosure; a h0 This indicates the vibration value measured at the corresponding measuring point under historical normal operating conditions.

[0049] In a column of measuring points along the axis, if the real-time vibration value a of the (k-1), k, and k+1 measuring points... k-1 a k a k+1 The original vibration value a at the corresponding point under historical normal operating conditions （k-1）0 a k0 a （k+1）0 A significant deviation occurs, and the distribution characteristic formula is satisfied: , , , .

[0050] In the formula, γ is a coefficient characterizing the percentage increase in short-circuit amplitude, which can be taken as 0.15.

[0051] Based on the preliminary judgment that a short circuit fault has occurred, it indicates that abnormal vibrations of a metallic inter-turn short circuit fault have occurred near the height corresponding to the kth laser vibration measurement point of the reactor.

[0052] This implementation method quickly identifies packages with short-circuit faults by calculating the sum of vibration amplitudes within the same package and comparing it with the target amplitude, avoiding the efficiency bottleneck of analyzing each measurement point individually. Based on this, and considering abnormal vibration conditions such as consistent amplitudes at adjacent measurement points or sudden increases in local amplitudes, a secondary judgment is made on the target vibration measurement points to further eliminate misjudgments caused by mechanical resonance or external vibration interference. This two-stage judgment mechanism, combining total and partial judgments, ensures both rapid initial screening of faulty packages and precise location of abnormal vibration areas. Compared to single-layer judgment logic, this method, through a combined total and partial judgment strategy, improves detection efficiency while ensuring the rigor of abnormal vibration area judgment, providing high-confidence data support for fault location.

[0053] As an optional implementation, determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region includes: If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area on the same envelope is lower than a preset height threshold, then the corresponding position is directly determined as a short circuit fault area, and the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined. If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region on the same envelope is not lower than a preset height threshold, then the harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters of the three-phase current of the reactor at a preset order are collected. Based on the harmonic content and the equivalent impedance, it is determined whether the current abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region meet the fault judgment conditions. If they meet the fault judgment conditions, then the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined based on the physical location of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. The fault determination conditions include: the harmonic content exceeds a preset harmonic threshold, and / or the impedance change rate corresponding to the equivalent impedance parameter exceeds a preset change rate threshold.

[0054] The reactor inter-turn short-circuit fault detection scheme based on the axial temperature distribution of each encapsulation can detect and pinpoint inter-turn short-circuit faults in each encapsulation. The inter-turn short-circuit fault detection scheme based on the axial vibration distribution of the outer encapsulation has the advantage of real-time response; once a metallic inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs, it immediately exhibits the corresponding vibration signal distribution characteristics. Vibration detection can compensate for the time delay in temperature rise detection, and distributed temperature rise measurement can solve the problem of unclear vibration signal propagation characteristics in the inner encapsulation. Combining temperature and vibration distribution signals can achieve inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis of the entire reactor encapsulation at the earliest stage of the fault, improving the reliability of inter-turn short-circuit condition detection and thus enabling correct operation and maintenance decisions. For any type of dry-type air-core reactor, the integration of two monitoring methods based on encapsulation temperature and vibration distribution in this invention can effectively detect and locate inter-turn short circuits in the equipment.

[0055] This implementation method employs a differentiated judgment process based on the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. When the height difference is below a threshold, the fault location is directly determined, simplifying the judgment logic and improving response speed. When the height difference is large, auxiliary verification is performed by collecting harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters, effectively distinguishing between genuine short-circuit faults and signal deviations caused by measurement errors or local structural anomalies. By introducing electrical parameters as auxiliary judgment criteria, this method enhances the reliability of fault location in complex spatial distribution scenarios. Furthermore, the dual-condition design of preset harmonic thresholds and impedance change rate thresholds further reduces the risk of misjudgment, ensuring the comprehensiveness and scientific rigor of fault judgment.

[0056] As an optional implementation, after determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, the method further includes: Based on the fault envelope and axial height, as well as the corresponding temperature and vibration signals, a fault detection result including the fault location and severity level is generated, and a corresponding operation and maintenance response command is triggered. Specifically, the triggering of the corresponding operation and maintenance response command includes: classifying the fault level into a first level, a second level, or a third level based on the temperature exceeding the limit and the vibration amplitude increment at the fault location; If the fault level is the first level, a corresponding maintenance work order will be generated within a preset time. If the fault level is the second level, an alarm mechanism is triggered to generate physical alarm signals and communication alarm signals; If the fault level is level three, a shutdown command will be immediately triggered, and the power grid dispatch system will be linked to adjust the operating topology.

[0057] This implementation method achieves differentiated operation and maintenance management of short-circuit faults through fault level classification and a graded response mechanism. Fault levels are classified based on the degree of temperature exceeding limits and the increase in vibration amplitude, quantifying the severity of the fault and providing an intuitive basis for operation and maintenance decisions. The graded response strategy, which generates maintenance work orders, triggers alarms, or immediately shuts down within a preset time, avoids resource waste caused by over-response while ensuring rapid handling of severe faults. The design of adjusting the operating topology in conjunction with the power grid dispatching system further minimizes the impact of faults and improves the stability of power system operation. Compared to a single response mode, this method, through fault classification and coordinated control, significantly improves the accuracy and systematic nature of operation and maintenance responses, providing a closed-loop guarantee for the safe operation of reactors.

[0058] This application also provides a corresponding apparatus to implement the corresponding method, the apparatus comprising: The acquisition module is used to determine multiple temperature measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measurement point through a target temperature sensor, and determine multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point through a target vibration sensor. The processing module is used to compare the temperature signal with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and to compare the vibration signal with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area. The processing module is also used to determine the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area.

[0059] This implementation method simultaneously collects temperature and vibration signals by arranging temperature and vibration measuring points on the outer surface of the target reactor. By comparing and analyzing these signals with reference temperature and vibration distributions, it can capture abnormal temperature rise and vibration regions from the multi-dimensional characteristics of the reactor's operating state. Correlation analysis of the spatial distribution of temperature and vibration anomalies effectively eliminates misjudgments caused by environmental interference or measurement errors in single-signal detection, accurately locating the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to short-circuit faults. Compared to detection methods relying solely on temperature or vibration parameters, this method enhances the comprehensiveness and robustness of fault detection through multi-signal fusion and spatial correlation analysis. Furthermore, setting judgment conditions based on the spatial distribution differences of abnormal areas further avoids misjudgments caused by local signal fluctuations or external interference, thus significantly improving the accuracy and location efficiency of short-circuit fault detection under complex operating conditions, providing a reliable basis for subsequent maintenance responses.

[0060] As an optional implementation, the acquisition module determines multiple temperature measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquires the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measurement point through a target temperature sensor in the following specific ways: Multiple temperature measurement points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and fiber optic temperature sensors are arranged along the axial direction. The temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through the fiber optic grating temperature sensor.

[0061] This embodiment achieves high-density coverage of temperature measurement points and continuous monitoring of the axial temperature gradient by arranging fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors along the axial direction on the outer surface of the reactor. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are characterized by strong anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities and high measurement accuracy, making them particularly suitable for temperature acquisition in the strong electromagnetic environment of reactors. The axial arrangement allows for simultaneous acquisition of temperature distribution characteristics at different axial heights, providing multi-dimensional data support for identifying abnormal temperature rise areas. Compared to traditional discrete temperature measurement devices, this method significantly improves the spatial resolution of the temperature signal through continuous axial temperature measurement, enabling more precise identification of abnormal temperature rise areas and further enhancing the sensitivity and reliability of fault detection.

[0062] As an optional implementation, the acquisition module determines multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and acquires the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point using a target vibration sensor in the following specific ways: Based on the physical structure of the target reactor, a finite element simulation model is established; Based on the finite element simulation model, the vibration response of the target reactor during power frequency operation is simulated, and the axial region in the outer enclosure where the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset threshold is selected as the range for measuring point arrangement. Reflective markers are set within the range of the measurement points, and the marked areas are periodically scanned by a laser vibrometer to collect vibration signals.

[0063] This implementation method simulates the vibration response of a reactor operating at power frequency using a finite element method (FEM) model. Axial regions with vibration amplitudes exceeding a preset threshold are selected as the measurement point layout area, and periodic scanning is performed using a laser vibrometer. Optimizing the measurement point layout through simulation avoids redundancy or omissions caused by blindly placing points, accurately pinpointing sensitive areas of vibration signals and improving the effectiveness of vibration signal acquisition. The non-contact measurement method of the laser vibrometer avoids interference from sensor installation on the reactor structure, while periodic scanning dynamically captures the temporal variation characteristics of the vibration signal. Compared to traditional fixed vibration sensors, this method, through simulation-guided measurement point optimization and dynamic scanning mechanisms, significantly improves the representativeness of vibration signals, laying a data foundation for the accurate identification of abnormal vibration areas.

[0064] As an optional implementation, the processing module compares the temperature signal with a reference temperature distribution to obtain the specific method of the abnormal temperature rise region, including: Based on the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point and the target temperature under the target operating condition, determine the real-time temperature difference corresponding to each temperature measuring point. Based on the current load rate corresponding to the target reactor, determine the dynamic temperature baseline corresponding to each temperature measuring point; If the real-time temperature difference of the corresponding temperature measuring point exceeds the dynamic temperature baseline and is the highest temperature among the axial measuring points of the package, then the physical area matched by the corresponding temperature measuring point will be marked as an abnormal temperature rise area.

[0065] This implementation method utilizes a real-time temperature difference and dynamic temperature baseline determination mechanism to dynamically adapt to temperature changes under different load rates. Adjusting the dynamic temperature baseline based on the current load rate avoids misjudgments caused by load fluctuations, making the identification of abnormal temperature rise areas more closely aligned with actual operating conditions. Simultaneously, combining the highest temperature screening condition from the axial measurement points within the enclosure allows for rapid identification of localized overheating areas, eliminating interference from uniform temperature rises in fault diagnosis. Compared to fixed-threshold temperature determination methods, this method, through dynamic baseline adjustment and localized highest temperature screening, significantly improves the adaptability and accuracy of abnormal temperature rise area detection, especially in scenarios with frequent load fluctuations, effectively distinguishing between normal temperature rises and abnormal temperature rises caused by faults.

[0066] As an optional implementation, the processing module compares the vibration signal with a reference vibration distribution to obtain the specific method of the abnormal vibration region, including: Based on the vibration signal, calculate the sum of the real-time vibration amplitudes corresponding to each vibration measuring point in the same package. If the sum of the vibration amplitudes exceeds the sum of the target amplitudes under the target working condition, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault on the corresponding package. Determine whether the vibration signals corresponding to each target vibration measurement point on the package with a short circuit fault meet the vibration abnormality conditions, and mark the physical area matched by the vibration measurement point that meets the vibration abnormality conditions as the abnormal vibration area. The abnormal vibration conditions include: the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point and its adjacent measuring points both exceed the target amplitude corresponding to the target working condition, and / or, the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point exceeds the average vibration amplitude of adjacent measuring points by a preset multiple.

[0067] This implementation method quickly identifies packages with short-circuit faults by calculating the sum of vibration amplitudes within the same package and comparing it with the target amplitude, avoiding the efficiency bottleneck of analyzing each measurement point individually. Based on this, and considering abnormal vibration conditions such as consistent amplitudes at adjacent measurement points or sudden increases in local amplitudes, a secondary judgment is made on the target vibration measurement points to further eliminate misjudgments caused by mechanical resonance or external vibration interference. This two-stage judgment mechanism, combining total and partial judgments, ensures both rapid initial screening of faulty packages and precise location of abnormal vibration areas. Compared to single-layer judgment logic, this method, through a combined total and partial judgment strategy, improves detection efficiency while ensuring the rigor of abnormal vibration area judgment, providing high-confidence data support for fault location.

[0068] As an optional implementation, the processing module determines the specific method of fault encapsulation and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, including: If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area on the same envelope is lower than a preset height threshold, then the corresponding position is directly determined as a short circuit fault area, and the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined. If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region on the same envelope is not lower than a preset height threshold, then the harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters of the three-phase current of the reactor at a preset order are collected. Based on the harmonic content and the equivalent impedance, it is determined whether the current abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region meet the fault judgment conditions. If they meet the fault judgment conditions, then the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined based on the physical location of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. The fault determination conditions include: the harmonic content exceeds a preset harmonic threshold, and / or the impedance change rate corresponding to the equivalent impedance parameter exceeds a preset change rate threshold.

[0069] This implementation method employs a differentiated judgment process based on the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. When the height difference is below a threshold, the fault location is directly determined, simplifying the judgment logic and improving response speed. When the height difference is large, auxiliary verification is performed by collecting harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters, effectively distinguishing between genuine short-circuit faults and signal deviations caused by measurement errors or local structural anomalies. By introducing electrical parameters as auxiliary judgment criteria, this method enhances the reliability of fault location in complex spatial distribution scenarios. Furthermore, the dual-condition design of preset harmonic thresholds and impedance change rate thresholds further reduces the risk of misjudgment, ensuring the comprehensiveness and scientific rigor of fault judgment.

[0070] As an optional implementation, the processing module is further configured to, after determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, Based on the fault envelope and axial height, as well as the corresponding temperature and vibration signals, a fault detection result including the fault location and severity level is generated, and a corresponding operation and maintenance response command is triggered. Specifically, the triggering of the corresponding operation and maintenance response command includes: classifying the fault level into a first level, a second level, or a third level based on the temperature exceeding the limit and the vibration amplitude increment at the fault location; If the fault level is the first level, a corresponding maintenance work order will be generated within a preset time. If the fault level is the second level, an alarm mechanism is triggered to generate physical alarm signals and communication alarm signals; If the fault level is level three, a shutdown command will be immediately triggered, and the power grid dispatch system will be linked to adjust the operating topology.

[0071] This implementation method achieves differentiated operation and maintenance management of short-circuit faults through fault level classification and a graded response mechanism. Fault levels are classified based on the degree of temperature exceeding limits and the increase in vibration amplitude, quantifying the severity of the fault and providing an intuitive basis for operation and maintenance decisions. The graded response strategy, which generates maintenance work orders, triggers alarms, or immediately shuts down within a preset time, avoids resource waste caused by over-response while ensuring rapid handling of severe faults. The design of adjusting the operating topology in conjunction with the power grid dispatching system further minimizes the impact of faults and improves the stability of power system operation. Compared to a single response mode, this method, through fault classification and coordinated control, significantly improves the accuracy and systematic nature of operation and maintenance responses, providing a closed-loop guarantee for the safe operation of reactors.

[0072] It should be noted that the division of the various modules in the above device is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, these modules can be implemented entirely in software via processing element calls; they can be fully implemented in hardware; or some modules can be implemented by processing element calls to software, while others are implemented in hardware. For example, a processing module can be a separate processing element, or it can be integrated into a chip within the device. Alternatively, it can be stored as program code in the device's memory, and its functions can be called and executed by a processing element. The implementation of other modules is similar. Moreover, these modules can be fully or partially integrated together, or they can be implemented independently. The processing element here can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method or each of the above modules can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of the processor element or through software instructions.

[0073] Indicatively, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a computer device 300 provided in an embodiment of this application. The computer device 300 can be provided as a server. (Refer to...) Figure 4 The computer device 300 includes a processing component 302, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by memory 301 for storing instructions, such as application programs, that can be executed by the processing component 302. The application programs stored in memory 301 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 302 is configured to execute instructions to perform the methods of any of the embodiments described above.

[0074] The computer device 300 may also include a power supply component 303 configured to perform power management of the computer device 300, a wired or wireless network interface 304 configured to connect the computer device 300 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 305. The computer device 300 may operate on an operating system stored in memory 301, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, Free BSD™, or similar.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0076] This application provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method provided in any embodiment.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0078] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other.

[0079] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for detecting short-circuit faults in reactors, characterized in that, The method includes: Multiple temperature measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through a target temperature sensor. In addition, multiple vibration measuring points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measuring point is obtained through a target vibration sensor. The temperature signal is compared with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and the vibration signal is compared with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area; Based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining multiple temperature measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor and acquiring the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measurement point through a target temperature sensor includes: Multiple temperature measurement points are determined on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, and fiber optic temperature sensors are arranged along the axial direction. The temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point is obtained through the fiber optic grating temperature sensor.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor and acquiring the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point using a target vibration sensor includes: Based on the physical structure of the target reactor, a finite element simulation model is established; Based on the finite element simulation model, the vibration response of the target reactor during power frequency operation is simulated, and the axial region in the outer enclosure where the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset threshold is selected as the range for measuring point arrangement. Reflective markers are set within the range of the measurement points, and the marked areas are periodically scanned by a laser vibrometer to collect vibration signals.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the temperature signal with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise region includes: Based on the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measuring point and the target temperature under the target operating condition, determine the real-time temperature difference corresponding to each temperature measuring point. Based on the current load rate corresponding to the target reactor, determine the dynamic temperature baseline corresponding to each temperature measuring point; If the real-time temperature difference of the corresponding temperature measuring point exceeds the dynamic temperature baseline and is the highest temperature among the axial measuring points of the package, then the physical area matched by the corresponding temperature measuring point will be marked as an abnormal temperature rise area.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the vibration signal with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration region includes: Based on the vibration signal, calculate the sum of the real-time vibration amplitudes corresponding to each vibration measuring point in the same package. If the sum of the vibration amplitudes exceeds the sum of the target amplitudes under the target working condition, it is determined that there is a short circuit fault on the corresponding package. Determine whether the vibration signals corresponding to each target vibration measurement point on the package with a short circuit fault meet the vibration abnormality conditions, and mark the physical area matched by the vibration measurement point that meets the vibration abnormality conditions as the abnormal vibration area. The abnormal vibration conditions include: the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point and its adjacent measuring points both exceed the target amplitude corresponding to the target working condition, and / or, the vibration amplitude of the target vibration measuring point exceeds the average vibration amplitude of adjacent measuring points by a preset multiple.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region includes: If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area on the same envelope is lower than a preset height threshold, then the corresponding position is directly determined as a short circuit fault area, and the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined. If the axial height difference between the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region on the same envelope is not lower than a preset height threshold, then the harmonic content and equivalent impedance parameters of the three-phase current of the reactor at a preset order are collected. Based on the harmonic content and the equivalent impedance, it is determined whether the current abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region meet the fault judgment conditions. If they meet the fault judgment conditions, then the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault are determined based on the physical location of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region. The fault determination conditions include: the harmonic content exceeds a preset harmonic threshold, and / or the impedance change rate corresponding to the equivalent impedance parameter exceeds a preset change rate threshold.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, After determining the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short-circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise region and the abnormal vibration region, the method further includes: Based on the fault envelope and axial height, as well as the corresponding temperature and vibration signals, a fault detection result including the fault location and severity level is generated, and a corresponding operation and maintenance response command is triggered. Specifically, the triggering of the corresponding operation and maintenance response command includes: classifying the fault level into a first level, a second level, or a third level based on the temperature exceeding the limit and the vibration amplitude increment at the fault location; If the fault level is the first level, a corresponding maintenance work order will be generated within a preset time. If the fault level is the second level, an alarm mechanism is triggered to generate physical alarm signals and communication alarm signals; If the fault level is level three, a shutdown command will be immediately triggered, and the power grid dispatch system will be linked to adjust the operating topology.

8. A reactor short-circuit fault detection device, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to determine multiple temperature measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the temperature signal corresponding to each temperature measurement point through a target temperature sensor, and determine multiple vibration measurement points on each outer encapsulation surface of the target reactor, acquire the vibration signal corresponding to each vibration measurement point through a target vibration sensor. The processing module is used to compare the temperature signal with the reference temperature distribution to obtain the abnormal temperature rise area, and to compare the vibration signal with the reference vibration distribution to obtain the abnormal vibration area. The processing module is also used to determine the fault envelope and axial height corresponding to the short circuit fault based on the spatial distribution of the abnormal temperature rise area and the abnormal vibration area.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, The method includes one or more processors and a memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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