Antenna, antenna device, and electronic device

Abstract

This disclosure provides an antenna, including a carrier substrate and a boss structure disposed on the carrier substrate. The boss structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, and at least one connecting side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface, wherein the second surface is closer to the carrier substrate than the first surface; one of the at least one connecting side surface is the first connecting side surface. The antenna also includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure disposed on the carrier substrate. The transmission structure includes a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode, and a signal electrode disposed between the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode. The signal electrode extends to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side surface and is electrically connected to the radiation structure. Both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode extend to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side surface and are coupled to the radiation structure.

Description

Antennas, antenna equipment and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an antenna, antenna device, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the advent of the 5G era, various mobile smart terminals have been widely used. To improve the internet experience, it is necessary to continuously improve the construction of communication infrastructure. Currently, the construction of outdoor macro base stations has reached a certain scale, initially achieving wide-area coverage. Future construction will focus on indoor hotspots with high population density, such as stadiums, shopping malls, schools, residential buildings, airports, train stations, and subways. In the construction of indoor distributed antenna systems, indoor antennas are a crucial component for achieving communication network coverage. Traditional passive antennas are generally bulky, affecting aesthetics and making maintenance inconvenient; the emerging digital indoor distribution technology can better meet the demands for high throughput and convenient online management. To improve aesthetics, smaller and more refined indoor distribution terminals need to be developed.

[0003] Achieving high specifications for antenna performance, including VSWR, gain, and non-circularity, within a limited space is quite challenging. Furthermore, antenna structure design must consider portability and overall structural stability; otherwise, the positional relationships between different segments will be inconsistent, complicating the mounting process and affecting antenna performance. This proposal aims to design multiple antennas operating in different frequency bands. By optimizing antenna ground, antenna segments, and antenna modules, it seeks to improve antenna structural stability, reduce mounting difficulty, and ensure optimal overall antenna performance.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides an antenna, including a carrier substrate and a boss structure disposed on the carrier substrate; the boss structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, and at least one connecting side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface, wherein the second surface is closer to the carrier substrate than the first surface; one of the at least one connecting side surface is the first connecting side surface;

[0006] The antenna further includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure disposed on the carrier substrate; wherein, the transmission structure includes a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode, and a signal electrode disposed between the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode; the signal electrode extends to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side and is electrically connected to the radiation structure; the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode both extend to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side and are coupled to the radiation structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to each other; the first sub-signal electrode is disposed on the first surface, and the second sub-signal electrode is disposed at least on the first connection side;

[0008] The maximum width of the second sub-signal electrode is no greater than the width of the first sub-signal electrode, and the width of the second sub-signal electrode is smaller the closer it is to the carrier substrate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiating structure includes a connecting portion and a radiating body portion that are interconnected;

[0010] The connecting portion includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side; the first side is connected to the signal electrode; the second side is connected to the radiating body portion.

[0011] In the direction from the first side to the second side, the distance between the third side and the fourth side increases monotonically.

[0012] In some embodiments, the signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to each other; both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode include a first sub-reference electrode, a second sub-reference electrode, and a third sub-reference electrode connected in sequence; the first sub-signal electrode is disposed on the first surface, and the second sub-electrode is disposed at least on the first connection side; the first sub-reference electrode is disposed on the first surface, the second reference electrode is disposed on the first connection side, and the third sub-reference electrode is disposed on the carrier substrate;

[0013] The first sub-signal electrode extends in the same direction as the first sub-reference electrode, and the portion of the second sub-signal electrode disposed on the first connecting side surface extends in the same direction as the second sub-reference electrode.

[0014] In some embodiments, the third sub-reference electrode is coupled to the connection portion;

[0015] The third sub-reference electrode includes a main coupling portion and an extension portion that are connected to each other, and the main coupling portion is connected to the second sub-reference electrode; the angle formed by the main coupling portion and the extension portion is an obtuse angle, and the extension portion has the same extension direction as the first sub-reference electrode.

[0016] In some embodiments, the radiation structure further includes a first branch and a second branch disposed on two opposite sides of the radiation body portion in the direction from the first side to the second side;

[0017] The first branch is coupled to the third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode, and the second branch is coupled to the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode; the angle between the extension direction of the first branch and the direction from the first side to the second side is an obtuse angle; the angle between the extension direction of the second branch and the direction from the first side to the second side is an obtuse angle.

[0018] In some embodiments, there is a first distance between the first branch and the connection point of the connecting portion and the radiating main body, and there is a first distance between the second branch and the connection point of the connecting portion and the radiating main body; the first distance is greater than zero and less than half the length of the radiating main body in the direction from the first side to the second side.

[0019] In some embodiments, both the first branch and the second branch are disposed at the connection between the connecting portion and the radiating body portion.

[0020] In some embodiments, the radiating structure further includes a first branch and a second branch disposed on two opposite sides of the radiating main body; both the first branch and the second branch are disposed at the connection between the connecting portion and the radiating main body.

[0021] The third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode is coupled to the radiation body portion via the side of the first branch portion away from the second branch portion; the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode is connected to the radiation body portion via the side of the second branch portion away from the first branch portion.

[0022] The angle formed between the first branch and the radiating main body is an obtuse angle; the angle formed between the second branch and the radiating main body is also an obtuse angle.

[0023] In some embodiments, the third sub-reference electrode includes a first sub-electrode, a second sub-electrode, a third sub-electrode, and a fourth sub-electrode connected in sequence;

[0024] The first sub-electrode is connected to the second reference electrode; the extension direction of the second sub-electrode is perpendicular to the direction from the first side to the second side; the angle formed by the second sub-electrode and the third sub-electrode is the first angle, and the angle formed by the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode is the second angle; both the first angle and the second angle are obtuse angles, and the first angle is greater than the second angle.

[0025] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a reflective structure disposed on the side of the radiating structure opposite to the carrier substrate;

[0026] The reflective structure includes a dielectric substrate opposite to the carrier substrate, and a reflective layer disposed on the dielectric substrate, the reflective layer having a first opening extending through its thickness direction.

[0027] In some embodiments, the reflective structure has a first notch at a position corresponding to the signal electrode.

[0028] Secondly, this disclosure provides an antenna device including a plurality of the above-described antennas; each of the antennas shares the same carrier substrate; and at least some of the antennas operate in different frequency bands.

[0029] Thirdly, this disclosure provides an electronic device, including the antenna device described above. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing antenna;

[0031] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the boss structure in Figure 1a;

[0032] Figure 1c is a top view of the antenna in Figure 1a;

[0033] Figure 1d is a cross-sectional view of the antenna in Figure 1c along the A-A' direction;

[0034] Figure 2a shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 1a;

[0035] Figure 2b shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 1a;

[0036] Figure 2c shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio after the distance between the reference electrode of the antenna and the radiating structure in Figure 1a is increased;

[0037] Figure 2d shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern non-circularity after the distance between the reference electrode of the antenna and the radiating structure in Figure 1a is increased;

[0038] Figure 2e shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio after the distance between the reference electrode of the antenna and the radiating structure in Figure 1a is reduced;

[0039] Figure 2f shows the simulation results of the radiation pattern non-circularity after the distance between the reference electrode of the antenna and the radiating structure in Figure 1a is reduced;

[0040] Figure 3a is a top view of an antenna provided in this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the antenna boss structure in Figure 3a;

[0042] Figure 4a is a top view of the antenna of the first example provided in this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 4b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 4a;

[0044] Figure 4c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 4a;

[0045] Figure 5a is a top view of the antenna of Comparative Example 1 provided in this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 5b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 5a;

[0047] Figure 5c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 5a;

[0048] Figure 6a is a top view of the antenna of the second example provided in this disclosure;

[0049] Figure 6b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 6a;

[0050] Figure 6c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 6a;

[0051] Figure 7a is a top view of the antenna of Comparative Example 2 provided in this disclosure;

[0052] Figure 7b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 7a;

[0053] Figure 7c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 7a;

[0054] Figure 8a is a top view of the antenna of the third example provided in this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 8b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 8a;

[0056] Figure 8c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 8a;

[0057] Figure 9a is a top view of the antenna of the fourth example provided in this disclosure;

[0058] Figure 9b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 9a;

[0059] Figure 9c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 9a;

[0060] Figure 10a is a top view of the antenna of Comparative Example 3 provided in this disclosure;

[0061] Figure 10b shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the antenna in Figure 10a;

[0062] Figure 10c shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the antenna pattern in Figure 10a;

[0063] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the reflective structure provided in this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device provided in this disclosure;

[0065] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in this disclosure;

[0066] Figure 14a shows the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the electronic device in Figure 13;

[0067] Figure 14b shows the simulation results of the non-circularity of the radiation pattern of the electronic device in Figure 13. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. "Above," "below," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0070] As used herein, “parallel” and “perpendicular” include the described situation and situations that are similar to the described situation, within an acceptable range of deviation, which is determined by those skilled in the art taking into account the measurement under discussion and the error associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “parallel” includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate parallelism may be, for example, within 5°; “perpendicular” includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate perpendicularity may also be, for example, within 5°.

[0071] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can mean that the layer or element is directly on another layer or substrate, or that there is an intermediate layer between the layer or element and another layer or substrate.

[0072] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0073] A digital indoor distributed system (DIS) is a system used to provide indoor wireless communication coverage. It is typically used in large buildings, commercial centers, hospitals, office buildings, and stadiums—places with high foot traffic or high demand—to expand indoor wireless signal coverage and enhance signal capacity. The digital indoor distributed terminal is the core terminal equipment in a DIS. Its main function is to receive wireless signals from the base station, amplify them, and distribute them to various coverage areas indoors to ensure stable wireless communication. A digital indoor distributed terminal generally includes components such as antennas, signal amplifiers, distributors, and filters.

[0074] Referring to Figures 1a-1d, the antenna specifically includes a carrier substrate 1, which includes a boss structure 2. The boss structure 2 includes a first surface P1 and a second surface P2 disposed opposite to each other, and four connecting sides connecting the first surface P1 and the second surface P2, as shown in Figure 1b. A metal layer ML is disposed on the carrier substrate 1 and the boss structure 2, and the specific structure of the metal layer ML is shown in Figure 1c. Referring to Figure 1c, the metal layer ML includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure 3. The transmission structure includes a signal electrode 5 electrically connected to the radiation structure 3 and a first reference electrode 41 and a second reference electrode 42 coupled to the radiation structure 3. The signal electrode 5 is used to feed the radiation structure 3, after which the radiation structure 3 transmits electromagnetic waves outward. The first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are used to assist in adjusting the antenna's standing wave ratio and non-circularity. It should be noted that the radiation structure 3 and the transmission structure in Figure 1c are formed through a one-time patterning process. After the metal layer ML is formed, the transmission structure is bent to adapt it to the boss structure 2. The bent transmission structure is shown in Figures 1a and 1b. Specifically, referring to Figures 1a and 1d, the signal electrode 5 is formed on the first surface P1 and the front side of the boss structure 2 and extends to the carrier substrate 1, electrically connecting with the radiating structure 3. The first reference electrode 41 is formed on the first surface P1 and the right side of the boss structure 2 and extends to the carrier substrate 1, coupling with the radiating structure 3. The second reference electrode 42 is formed on the first surface P1 and the left side of the boss structure 2 and extends to the carrier substrate 1, coupling with the radiating structure 3. During the bending of the metal layer ML, alignment deviations between structures are prone to occur. The reasons for these alignment deviations are shown in Figures 1c-1d. The antenna has a three-layer structure (Figure 1d is a schematic diagram of the A-A' section in Figure 1c), from bottom to top: an adhesive layer, a flexible substrate, and a copper layer. The flexible substrate 1 (i.e., the black frame in Figure 1c) and the adhesive layer between the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 are disconnected. Even if a limiting hole VIA is provided on the carrier substrate 1, the positional relationship between the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 is still difficult to guarantee during the mounting process. The deviation at this position has a direct impact on antenna performance. Figures 2a-2b show simulation diagrams when the distance between the first reference electrode 41, the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 is the standard distance; Figures 2c-2d show simulation diagrams of the antenna when the distance between the first reference electrode 41, the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 increases; and Figures 2e-2f show simulation diagrams of the antenna when the distance between the first reference electrode 41, the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 decreases.As shown in Figures 2c and 2d, when the distance between the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 increases by 2 mm compared to the standard distance, the antenna resonant point shifts to higher frequencies, the low-frequency VSWR increases from below 1.60 to 1.88, and the antenna out-of-roundness increases by 0.14 dB. As shown in Figures 2e and 2f, when the distance between the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 and the radiating structure 3 decreases by 2 mm compared to the standard distance, the antenna resonant point shifts to lower frequencies, the high-frequency VSWR increases from 1.32 to above 1.90, and the out-of-roundness decreases slightly by 0.15 dB.

[0075] It's important to note that the VSWR (Standing Wave Ratio) of an antenna is the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage on the antenna transmission line. A higher VSWR indicates more reflected waves on the transmission line, resulting in lower signal transmission efficiency. This can lead to signal attenuation and distortion, consequently affecting the communication quality of the digital indoor distribution system. The horizontal non-circularity of an antenna reflects the deviation between its maximum and minimum gain, typically calculated as (maximum gain - minimum gain) / 2. As a core antenna indicator, the non-circularity of the radiation pattern directly affects the antenna's coverage area. Higher non-circularity means there are signal dead zones in the antenna's coverage area, affecting the antenna's radiation direction and coverage range, and ultimately degrading the communication performance of the digital indoor distribution terminal.

[0076] In view of this, in a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna. Referring to Figures 3a-3b, the antenna includes a carrier substrate 1 and a boss structure 2 disposed on the carrier substrate 1. The boss structure 2 includes a first surface P1 and a second surface P2 disposed opposite to each other, and at least one connecting side surface connecting the first surface P1 and the second surface P2, one of which is a first connecting side surface P3. The second surface P2 is closer to the carrier substrate 1 than the first surface P1, that is, the second surface P2 is in direct contact with the surface of the carrier substrate 1. Here, the connecting side surfaces of the boss structure 2 can all be planes. In this case, the boss structure 2 can be a prism, such as a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a hexagonal prism, etc., and the first connecting side surface P3 is one of the planes. The connecting side surfaces of the boss structure 2 can also include curved surfaces and planes. For example, the boss structure 2 is a semi-cylinder. In this case, the boss structure 2 includes two connecting side surfaces, one of which is a curved surface and the other is a plane, which is the first connecting side surface P3. In some examples, the first surface P1 of the boss structure 2 can be disposed parallel to the second surface P2. In other examples, the first surface P1 of the boss structure 2 can also be set as a plane with a certain tilt angle according to actual product requirements. In this case, the dihedral angle formed by the first surface P1 and the first connecting side P3 is an obtuse angle. This setting can prevent the film layer above the boss structure 2 from breaking and improve product yield. Similarly, the tilt degree of the first connecting side P3 can also be designed as needed. For example, the dihedral angle formed by the first connecting side P3 and the second surface P2 can be 90° or an acute angle. This setting can reduce the slope angle of the film layer above the boss structure 2 and reduce the risk of breakage. For ease of description and explanation, the antenna of this disclosure is described below and in the accompanying drawings only using a quadrangular prism structure as an example of the boss structure 2. In this case, the boss structure 2 includes four sequentially connected connecting sides, of which the one facing the center of the supporting substrate 1 is the first connecting side P3. The first plane, the first connecting side P3 and the surface of the supporting substrate 1 form a step. The first plane is the upper surface of the step, the first connecting side P3 is the slope of the step, and the surface of the supporting substrate 1 is the lower surface of the step.

[0077] Referring again to Figures 3a-3b, the antenna of this disclosure further includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure 3 disposed on the carrier substrate 1. The transmission structure includes a first reference electrode 41 and a second reference electrode 42, and a signal electrode 5 disposed between the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42, wherein the signal electrode 5 is insulated from both the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42. The signal electrode provides a feed signal to the radiation structure 3, enabling the radiation structure 3 to transmit electromagnetic waves to the outside. The first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 provide a good ground plane for the radiation structure 3, reducing electromagnetic interference and ensuring that the antenna can effectively radiate and receive signals.

[0078] Specifically, the radiating structure 3 includes a connecting portion 31 and a radiating main body 32 that are interconnected. The connecting portion 31 is used for electrical connection with the signal electrode, and the radiating main body 32 is used for radiating electromagnetic waves outward. The connecting portion 31 includes a first side S1 and a second side S2 arranged opposite to each other, and a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 connecting the first side S1 and the second side S2. The first side S1 is electrically connected to the signal electrode, and the second side S2 is electrically connected to the radiating main body 32. In one example, the orthographic projection of the connecting portion 31 on the carrier substrate 1 is a trapezoid, with the first side S1 being the upper base, the second side S2 being the lower base, and the third side S3 and the fourth side S4 being the two legs of the trapezoid. The first side S1 is smaller than the second side S2, and the distance between the third side S3 and the fourth side S4 increases monotonically in the direction from the first side S1 to the second side S2. For ease of description and explanation, the direction from the first side S1 to the second side S2 will be referred to as the first direction, as shown in the figure, which is the vertically downward direction. In one example, the orthographic projection of the radiating body 32 onto the carrier substrate 1 is a rectangle. Of course, the shape of the radiating body 32 can also be other shapes, such as trapezoids, circles, rings, etc. The specific shape can be designed differently according to the operating frequency band of the antenna.

[0079] Referring again to Figures 3a-3b, the signal electrode 5 extends onto the carrier substrate 1 via the first surface P1 and the first connecting side surface P3, and is electrically connected to the radiating structure 3. That is, the signal electrode 5 is disposed at least on the upper surface and slope of the step. Specifically, the signal electrode 5 includes a first sub-signal electrode 51 and a second sub-signal electrode 52 connected to each other. The first sub-signal electrode 51 is disposed on the first surface P1, and the second sub-signal electrode 52 is disposed at least on the first connecting side surface P3. In one example, the second sub-signal electrode 52 is disposed only on the first connecting side surface P3, and the connecting portion 31 of the radiating structure 3 abuts against the second sub-signal electrode 52 at the connection point between the first connecting side surface P3 and the carrier substrate 1. In another example, the second sub-signal electrode 52 is disposed on the first connecting side surface P3 and extends onto the carrier substrate 1, and the connecting portion 31 of the radiating structure 3 is electrically connected to the second sub-signal electrode 52 disposed on the carrier substrate 1. In both examples, the maximum width of the second sub-signal electrode 52 is no greater than the width of the first sub-signal electrode 51, and the width of the second sub-signal electrode 52 is smaller the closer it is to the carrier substrate 1. This is to ensure that there is a certain gap between the second sub-signal electrode 52 and the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 disposed on the first connection side P3 and the carrier substrate 1, so as to prevent the radiation structure 3 electrically connected to the second sub-signal electrode 52 from being too close to the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42, which would generate electrostatic induction and reduce radiation efficiency.

[0080] Referring again to Figures 3a-3b, both the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 extend to the carrier substrate 1 via the first surface P1 and the first connecting side surface P3, and are coupled to the radiation structure 3. That is, the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are disposed on the upper surface, the slope surface, and the lower surface of the step. It should be noted that the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the signal electrode, and their structures are identical. Therefore, in the following description of the specific structures of the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42, only the specific structure of the first reference electrode 41 will be described. In some examples, the first reference electrode 41 includes a first sub-reference electrode 411, a second sub-reference electrode 412, and a third sub-reference electrode 413 connected in sequence. The first sub-reference electrode 411 is disposed on the first surface P1, the second sub-reference electrode 412 is disposed on the first connecting side surface P3, and the third sub-reference electrode 413 is disposed on the surface of the carrier substrate 1. The first sub-signal electrode 51 and the first sub-reference electrode 411 located on the first surface P1 extend in the same direction, the second sub-signal electrode 52 and the second sub-reference electrode 412 located on the first connecting side P3 extend in the same direction, and the third sub-reference electrode is coupled to the radiation structure 3.

[0081] By placing the second sub-reference electrodes 412 and 422 on the same plane as the second sub-signal electrode 52, i.e. on the first connecting side P3, the stability of the structure during antenna mounting can be improved, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the antenna.

[0082] It should be noted that antennas operating in different frequency bands differ in structure. The antenna of this disclosure will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. Furthermore, this disclosure provides several comparative embodiments to contrast with the present invention. Simulation results of the antennas of the present disclosure embodiments and the comparative embodiments are used to illustrate in detail the superior performance of the antennas of the present disclosure embodiments.

[0083] The first example: The antenna operates in the frequency band of 2515-2675MHz. Specifically, the antenna includes a carrier substrate 1 and a boss structure 2 disposed on the carrier substrate 1. The boss structure 2 is a quadrangular prism. The antenna also includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure 3 disposed on the carrier substrate 1. The transmission structure includes a first reference electrode 41 and a second reference electrode 42, and a signal electrode disposed between the two.

[0084] Specifically, referring to FIG4a, the radiation structure 3 includes a connecting portion 31 and a radiation body portion 32 connected to each other. The signal electrodes include a first sub-signal electrode 51 and a second sub-signal electrode 52 connected to each other. The first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 each include a first sub-reference electrode, a second sub-reference electrode, and a third sub-reference electrode connected in sequence. The first sub-signal electrode 51 and the two first sub-reference electrodes 411 / 421 are all disposed on the first surface P1 and all three extend in the same direction. The second sub-signal electrode 52 and the two second sub-reference electrodes 412 / 422 are all disposed on the first connecting side surface P3 and all three extend in the same direction. The two third sub-reference electrodes 413 / 423 are disposed on the carrier substrate 1. The third sub-reference electrodes 413 / 423 include a main coupling portion and an extension portion connected to each other. The main coupling portion is connected to the second sub-reference electrodes 412 / 422, and the extension portion is coupled to the radiation structure 3. Specifically, the extension of the third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode 41 is coupled to the third side S3 of the connecting portion 31, and the extension of the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode 42 is coupled to the fourth side S4 of the connecting portion 31.

[0085] Comparative Example 1: Referring to Figure 5a, the antenna in this example operates at the same frequency as the antenna in the first example. The structural difference lies in that the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 51 located on the first surface P1 is perpendicular to the extension directions of the two first sub-reference electrodes 411 / 421. That is, the first sub-signal electrode 51 extends downward, the first sub-reference electrode 411 of the first reference electrode 41 extends to the left, and the second sub-reference electrode 421 of the second reference electrode 42 extends to the right. Furthermore, the second sub-reference electrodes 412 / 422 of the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are disposed on different connection sides from the second sub-signal electrode 52.

[0086] Figures 4b-4c show simulation diagrams of the antenna in the first example, and Figures 5b-5c show simulation diagrams of the antenna in Comparative Example 1. The antenna parameters in the first example are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.03λ1 to 0.05λ1, and the length of the radiating body 32 in the first direction is 0.15λ1 to 0.20λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in that band. The simulation parameters of the antenna in Comparative Example 1 are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.04λ1 to 0.08λ1, and the length of the radiating body 32 in the first direction is 0.20λ1 to 0.25λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in that band. As can be seen from the simulation diagrams, compared to Comparative Example 1, the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna in the first example decreases from a maximum of 1.58 to below 1.52, and the non-circularity decreases from ±1.60dB to ±1.45dB, meaning that both the SWR and non-circularity of the antenna are improved.

[0087] The second example: The antenna operates at a frequency of 2320-2370MHz. Referring to Figure 6a, the structural difference between the second and first examples is that the radiating structure 3 includes not only the interconnected connecting portion 31 and the radiating main body 32, but also a first branch portion 33 and a second branch portion 34 disposed on opposite sides of the radiating main body 32 along a first direction. Specifically, the first branch portion 33 is located on the side of the connecting portion 31 opposite to the fourth side S4 (the third side S3), and is situated at the connection between the connecting portion 31 and the radiating main body 32; the second branch portion 34 is located on the side of the connecting portion 31 opposite to the third side S3 (the fourth side S4), and is also situated at the connection between the connecting portion 31 and the radiating main body 32. Furthermore, the angle between the extending direction of the first branch portion 33 and the first direction is an obtuse angle, and the angle between the extending direction of the second branch portion 34 and the first direction is also an obtuse angle. Exemplarily, the orthographic projections of the first branch portion 33 and the second branch portion 34 onto the carrier substrate 1 are both rectangles. Of course, the shapes of the first branch 33 and the second branch 34 can also be designed differently according to the operating frequency band of the antenna. For example, the shapes of the first branch 33 and the second branch 34 can be designed as fan-shaped, wavy, etc. The first branch 33 and the second branch 34 can enhance the coupling between the radiating structure 3 and the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42, thereby improving the antenna's standing wave ratio (VSWR). It should be noted that in the first example, the third sub-reference electrode is coupled to the connecting part 31, while in the second example, the third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode 41 is coupled to the first branch 33, and the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode 42 is coupled to the second branch 34. This arrangement can ensure the normal operation of the antenna.

[0088] Comparative Example 2: Referring to Figure 7a, the antenna in this example operates at the same frequency as the antenna in the second example. The structural difference lies in that the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 51 located on the first surface P1 is perpendicular to the extension directions of the two first sub-reference electrodes 411 / 421. That is, the first sub-signal electrode 51 extends downward, the first sub-reference electrode 411 of the first reference electrode 41 extends to the left, and the second sub-reference electrode 421 of the second reference electrode 42 extends to the right. Furthermore, the second sub-reference electrodes 412 / 422 of the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are disposed on different connection sides from the second sub-signal electrode 52.

[0089] Figures 6b-6c show simulation diagrams of the antenna in the second example, and Figures 7b-7c show simulation diagrams of the antenna in Comparative Example 2. In the second example, the antenna parameters are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.13λ² to 0.08λ², and the length of the radiating main body 32 in the first direction is 0.17λ² to 0.22λ², where λ² is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in that band. In Comparative Example 2, the antenna simulation parameters are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.13λ² to 0.08λ², and the length of the radiating main body 32 in the first direction is 0.17λ² to 0.22λ², where λ² is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in that band. As can be seen from the simulation diagrams, compared to Comparative Example 2, the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna in the second example decreases from 1.66 to below 1.45, and the non-circularity decreases from ±2.86 dB to ±2.73 dB, indicating that both the SWR and non-circularity of the antenna are improved.

[0090] The third example: The antenna operates in the frequency band of 2320-2370MHz. Referring to Figure 8a, the structural difference between the third example and the second example lies in the different positions of the first branch 33 and the second branch 34. Specifically, in this embodiment, the distance between the first branch 33 and the connection point between the third side S3 of the connecting portion 31 and the radiating main body 32 is a first distance; the distance between the second branch 34 and the connection point between the fourth side S4 of the connecting portion 31 and the radiating main body 32 is a first distance. The first distance is greater than zero and less than half the length of the radiating main body 32 in the first direction. That is, the connecting portion 31 has a fifth side S5 and a sixth side S6 arranged along the first direction, and the fifth side S5 is connected to the fourth side S4 of the connecting portion 31. The distance between the first branch 33 and the fifth side S5 is less than the distance between the first branch 33 and the sixth side S6; the distance between the second branch 34 and the fifth side S5 is less than the distance between the second branch 34 and the sixth side S6. It should be noted that, compared to the second example, in the third example, the first branch 33 and the second branch 34 are moved downwards. Therefore, in order to ensure that the first reference electrode 41 is coupled to the first branch 33, and the second reference electrode 42 is coupled to the second branch 34, the length of the extension of the third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 must also be extended accordingly. Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the third sub-reference electrode is 0.16λ2 to 0.18λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in this frequency band.

[0091] Figures 8b-8c show simulation diagrams of the antenna in the third example. The antenna parameters in this third example are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.16λ² to 0.18λ², and the length of the radiating body 32 in the first direction is 0.17λ² to 0.22λ², where λ² is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in this band. As can be seen from the simulation diagrams, compared to Comparative Example 3, the antenna resonant point in the third example can be adjusted to within the operating frequency band, the VSWR is reduced to below 1.8, and the antenna out-of-roundness is maintained below ±2.50 dB. It exhibits good radiation efficiency.

[0092] The fourth example: The antenna operates in the 1710-1830MHz frequency band. Referring to Figure 9a, the structural difference between the fourth example and the second example lies in the structure of the third sub-reference electrode. Specifically, taking the third sub-reference electrode 413 of the first reference electrode 41 as an example, in this embodiment, the third sub-reference electrode 413 includes a first sub-electrode 4131, a second sub-electrode 4132, a third sub-electrode 4133, and a fourth sub-electrode 4134 connected sequentially. The first sub-electrode 4131 is connected to the corresponding second sub-reference electrode 412, and the extension direction of the second sub-electrode 4132 is perpendicular to the first direction. The angle formed by the second sub-electrode 4132 and the third sub-electrode 4133 is the first angle α1, and the angle formed by the third sub-electrode 4133 and the fourth sub-electrode 4134 is the second angle α2. Both the first angle α1 and the second angle α2 are obtuse angles, and the first angle α1 is greater than the second angle α2. This ensures that the third sub-reference electrode 413 is coupled to the radiating body 32. It should be noted that in the second example, the third sub-reference electrode 413 of the first reference electrode 41 is coupled to the first branch 33, and the third sub-reference electrode 423 of the second reference electrode 42 is coupled to the second branch 34. In the fourth example, the third sub-reference electrode 413 of the first reference electrode 41 is coupled to the radiation body 32 via the side of the first branch 33 away from the second branch 34, and the third sub-reference electrode 423 of the second reference electrode 42 is coupled to the radiation body 32 via the side of the second branch 34 away from the first branch 33. It is understood that the third sub-reference electrode 423 of the second reference electrode 42 includes a first sub-electrode 4231, a second sub-electrode 4232, a third sub-electrode 4233, and a fourth sub-electrode 4234 connected in sequence, and the structure of the third sub-reference electrode 423 is symmetrical to that of the third sub-reference electrode 413, which will not be described in detail here.

[0093] Comparative Example 3: The antenna in this example operates at the same frequency as the antenna in the fourth example. The structural difference lies in that the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 51 located on the first surface P1 is perpendicular to the extension directions of the two first sub-reference electrodes 411 / 421. That is, the first sub-signal electrode 51 extends downward, the first sub-reference electrode 411 of the first reference electrode 41 extends to the left, and the second sub-reference electrode 421 of the second reference electrode 42 extends to the right. Furthermore, the second sub-reference electrodes 412 / 422 of the first reference electrode 41 and the second reference electrode 42 are disposed on different connection sides from the second sub-signal electrode 52.

[0094] Figures 9a-9b show simulation diagrams of the antenna in the fourth example, and Figures 10a-10b show simulation diagrams of the antenna in Comparative Example 3. The antenna parameters in the fourth example are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.13λ² to 0.08λ², and the length of the radiating main body 32 in the first direction is 0.17λ² to 0.22λ², where λ² is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in this band. The simulation parameters of the antenna in Comparative Example 4 are: the length of the third sub-reference electrode 413 / 423 is 0.13λ² to 0.08λ², and the length of the radiating main body 32 in the first direction is 0.17λ² to 0.22λ², where λ² is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in this band. As can be seen from the simulation diagrams, compared to Comparative Example 4, the antenna non-circularity in the fourth example is reduced from ±1.66dB to ±1.05dB, providing a larger coverage area. Furthermore, the VSWR of both examples is within 3.0, indicating good radiation efficiency.

[0095] In some examples, the antenna also includes a reflective structure 6 disposed on the side of the radiating structure 3 facing away from the carrier substrate 1. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the reflective structure 6. As shown in Figure 11, the reflective structure 6 includes a dielectric substrate 61 opposite to the carrier substrate 1, and a reflective layer 62 disposed on the dielectric substrate 61. The reflective layer 62 has a first opening 63 extending through its thickness direction. For example, the first opening 63 can be located in the middle of the reflective layer 62, and its shape can be circular, rectangular, or other shapes. The material of the reflective layer 62 can be metal.

[0096] Furthermore, the reflective structure 62 has a first notch at the position corresponding to the signal electrode 5. For example, the first notch can be rectangular, with a width W of 0.05λ-0.08λ and a length L of 0.13λ-0.16λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band. By setting a reflective structure above the radiating structure 3, the antenna's VSWR and radiation pattern can be improved, thereby enhancing the antenna's radiation performance and improving communication quality.

[0097] Secondly, this disclosure also provides an antenna device comprising multiple antennas as described in the above embodiments, at least some of which operate in different frequency bands. Each antenna shares a common carrier substrate 1 and is positioned at different locations on the carrier substrate 1. For example, as shown in FIG12, the antenna device includes an antenna of a first example (antenna 1), two antennas of a second example (antenna 2 and antenna 4), and an antenna of a fourth example (antenna 3). Antenna 1 is positioned at the upper left corner of the carrier substrate 1, antenna 2 at the upper right corner, antenna 3 at the lower right corner, and antenna 4 at the lower right corner. Each antenna operates independently, enabling single-band or multi-band multiple-transmit / multi-receive functionality.

[0098] Thirdly, this disclosure provides an electronic device including the antenna device and other circuit structures described in the above embodiments. The electronic device further includes a shielding cover 8 for isolating the antenna device and other circuit structures. As shown in FIG13, the shielding cover 8 covers the antenna device and is connected to the reflective structure 6 of the antenna device via a conductive structure 7 to achieve electromagnetic shielding.

[0099] Taking the antenna in the fourth example as an example, Figures 14a-14b show the simulation results after adding the conductive structure 7 and the shielding cover 8 to the antenna in the fourth example. As can be seen from the figures, the antenna's VSWR is further reduced, with the VSWR dropping below 2.25 throughout the operating frequency band. Although the non-circularity is improved, it remains within ±2.0 dB, meeting the requirements for use.

[0100] In some examples, the aforementioned other circuit structures may specifically include: a transceiver unit, an RF transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can serve as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the RF transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the electronic device can process it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and RF transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0101] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0102] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission by the electronic device, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. It combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits the signals to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception by the electronic device, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0103] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0104] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0105] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising a carrier substrate and a boss structure disposed on the carrier substrate; the boss structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, and at least one connecting side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface, wherein the second surface is closer to the carrier substrate than the first surface; One of the at least one connecting side is the first connecting side; The antenna further includes a transmission structure and a radiation structure disposed on the carrier substrate; wherein... The transmission structure includes a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode, and a signal electrode disposed between the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode; The signal electrode extends to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side, and is electrically connected to the radiating structure; the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode both extend to the carrier substrate via the first surface and the first connecting side, and are coupled to the radiating structure.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to each other; the first sub-signal electrode is disposed on the first surface, and the second sub-signal electrode is disposed at least on the first connecting side; The maximum width of the second sub-signal electrode is no greater than the width of the first sub-signal electrode, and the width of the second sub-signal electrode is smaller the closer it is to the carrier substrate.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating structure includes interconnected connecting parts and radiating main body parts; The connecting portion includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side; the first side is connected to the signal electrode; the second side is connected to the radiating body portion. In the direction from the first side to the second side, the distance between the third side and the fourth side increases monotonically.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to each other; the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode each include a first sub-reference electrode, a second sub-reference electrode and a third sub-reference electrode connected in sequence; the first sub-signal electrode is disposed on the first surface, and the second sub-electrode is disposed at least on the first connecting side; the first sub-reference electrode is disposed on the first surface, the second reference electrode is disposed on the first connecting side, and the third sub-reference electrode is disposed on the carrier substrate; The first sub-signal electrode extends in the same direction as the first sub-reference electrode, and the portion of the second sub-signal electrode disposed on the first connecting side surface extends in the same direction as the second sub-reference electrode.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The third sub-reference electrode is coupled to the connecting portion; The third sub-reference electrode includes a main coupling portion and an extension portion that are connected to each other, and the main coupling portion is connected to the second sub-reference electrode; the angle formed by the main coupling portion and the extension portion is an obtuse angle, and the extension portion has the same extension direction as the first sub-reference electrode.

6. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The radiation structure further includes a first branch and a second branch disposed on two opposite sides of the radiation body portion in the direction from the first side to the second side; The first branch is coupled to the third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode, and the second branch is coupled to the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode; the angle between the extension direction of the first branch and the direction from the first side to the second side is an obtuse angle; the angle between the extension direction of the second branch and the direction from the first side to the second side is an obtuse angle.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein, There is a first distance between the first branch and the connection point of the connecting part and the radiating main body, and there is a first distance between the second branch and the connection point of the connecting part and the radiating main body; the first distance is greater than zero and less than half the length of the radiating main body in the direction from the first side to the second side.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein, Both the first branch and the second branch are located at the connection between the connecting part and the radiating main body.

9. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The radiation structure further includes a first branch and a second branch disposed on two opposite sides of the radiation main body; both the first branch and the second branch are disposed at the connection between the connecting part and the radiation main body. The third sub-reference electrode of the first reference electrode is coupled to the radiation body portion via the side of the first branch portion away from the second branch portion; the third sub-reference electrode of the second reference electrode is connected to the radiation body portion via the side of the second branch portion away from the first branch portion. The angle formed between the first branch and the radiating main body is an obtuse angle; the angle formed between the second branch and the radiating main body is also an obtuse angle.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The third sub-reference electrode includes a first sub-electrode, a second sub-electrode, a third sub-electrode, and a fourth sub-electrode connected in sequence; The first sub-electrode is connected to the second reference electrode; the extension direction of the second sub-electrode is perpendicular to the direction from the first side to the second side; the angle formed by the second sub-electrode and the third sub-electrode is the first angle, and the angle formed by the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode is the second angle; both the first angle and the second angle are obtuse angles, and the first angle is greater than the second angle.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein, The antenna also includes a reflective structure disposed on the side of the radiating structure opposite to the supporting substrate; The reflective structure includes a dielectric substrate opposite to the carrier substrate, and a reflective layer disposed on the dielectric substrate, the reflective layer having a first opening extending through its thickness direction.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The reflective structure has a first notch at the position corresponding to the signal electrode.

13. An antenna device comprising a plurality of antennas as described in any one of claims 1-12; wherein each of the antennas shares the same carrier substrate; and at least some of the antennas operate in different frequency bands.

14. An electronic device comprising the antenna device as described in claim 13.

Images