An assembled polygonal double-layer electricity storage brick, an ecological slope protection system thereof and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of solid waste resource utilization, new energy technology, and ecological slope protection. Specifically, it relates to a prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick, its ecological slope protection system, and its preparation method. The energy storage brick is divided into an upper ecological vegetation layer and a lower energy storage layer along its thickness direction, with an insulating flexible isolation layer between the two layers. A supercapacitor module is installed in the lower energy storage layer, and an energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board. A temperature and humidity sensor, a soil microcurrent electrode control system, and an electric heating system are installed in the upper ecological vegetation layer. The above sensors and systems are electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board. Multiple energy storage bricks are assembled into a slope protection system. This invention's energy storage brick and slope protection system make the slope protection structure itself a distributed microgrid, capable of providing in-situ, continuous, and reliable power to auxiliary electronic equipment and ensuring the long-term stability of ecological functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of solid waste resource utilization, new energy technology and ecological slope protection, and specifically relates to a prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick and its ecological slope protection system and preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of society and the economy, the conflict between various engineering constructions and the natural environment is becoming increasingly prominent. Slope management, as a crucial link in ecological protection and engineering safety, has received widespread attention. Slopes are widely distributed in highways, railways, water conservancy projects, mining, and other fields. Traditional slope protection structures, such as concrete blocks, masonry, and lattice beams, are designed primarily for mechanical reinforcement and surface erosion resistance, belonging to passive protection structures. With the development of smart infrastructure, various monitoring sensors (such as displacement gauges, inclinometers, and rain gauges), video surveillance equipment, and early warning devices often need to be deployed on slopes. In remote areas far from the power grid, providing a continuous and stable power supply for these low-power devices has become a prominent engineering challenge. Currently, the main solutions rely on laying separate power cables (which are costly, easily damaged, and difficult to maintain) or periodically replacing batteries (which require frequent maintenance, have unstable battery life, and are environmentally unfriendly). These solutions cannot achieve long-term, reliable, and low-maintenance stable power supply. Therefore, existing slope systems cannot meet the diverse needs of distributed energy storage and external power supply in slope areas.

[0003] Energy storage bricks, as a new type of material that combines building structure function and energy storage function, have gradually entered the research field in recent years. The core of it is to combine energy storage unit with building brick structure to achieve "one thing for two purposes" and can be widely used in building walls, road paving and other scenarios.

[0004] Existing energy storage brick technologies are mainly divided into two categories: high-temperature solid sensible heat storage bricks and electrochemical energy storage bricks. High-temperature solid sensible heat storage bricks use specially made high-density refractory bricks as a carrier to store thermal energy through electric heating. However, their energy conversion efficiency is relatively low, and they have low energy density and require a large footprint, making them unsuitable for scenarios like slopes where space is limited and protective strength must be considered. Electrochemical energy storage bricks, such as biomimetic self-generating and energy storage concrete bricks and conductive carbon concrete energy storage bricks, have solved some energy efficiency problems, but still suffer from low charging efficiency, and their structural design cannot meet the ecological protection requirements of slopes.

[0005] Currently, there is no technical solution that effectively combines energy storage with ecological slope protection systems. Slope areas often possess abundant solar and wind energy resources. If energy storage bricks can be applied to slope protection structures, they can not only achieve the dual functions of slope protection and energy storage, but also fully utilize the renewable energy in the slope area for charging, realizing on-site energy collection, storage, and utilization. This would provide a stable power supply for slope monitoring equipment, emergency lighting, small irrigation equipment, etc., further enhancing the level of intelligence in slope management.

[0006] However, in existing technologies, the application scenarios of energy storage bricks are mainly concentrated in fields such as construction and roads, without considering the requirements of ecological slope protection. Their structural design and protective performance cannot be adapted to the needs of slope protection. At the same time, the low charging efficiency of traditional energy storage bricks leads to slow energy storage response speed and low energy utilization efficiency. Even if they are tried to be applied to slope protection, it is difficult to meet the actual needs of emergency power supply and efficient energy allocation in slope areas, and the synergistic advantages of combining energy storage bricks with ecological slope protection cannot be fully utilized.

[0007] In addition, existing ecological slope protection systems generally suffer from insufficient energy supply. Slope monitoring and ecological maintenance equipment mostly rely on external power grids for power supply. Laying power lines is not only costly and difficult to construct, but also easily restricted by slope topography and geological conditions, and there are hidden dangers such as line damage and unstable power supply. Traditional energy storage equipment is large in size and inconvenient to install, and cannot be organically integrated with the slope protection structure, making it difficult to achieve on-site energy supply.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative solution that can deeply integrate structural protection, ecological greening, distributed energy storage power supply, and solid waste resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick, its ecological slope protection system, and its preparation method. This invention is a prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick that integrates slope protection, ecological greening, distributed energy storage, and power supply, as well as a self-powered slope protection system and its preparation method formed by rapid assembly of the brick. This invention makes the slope protection structure itself a distributed microgrid, which can provide in-situ, continuous, and reliable power to auxiliary electronic equipment and ensure the long-term stability of ecological functions.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick is disclosed. The brick body is divided into an upper ecological vegetation layer and a lower energy storage layer along its thickness direction, with an insulating flexible isolation layer between the two layers. The lower energy storage layer includes a lower brick shell, within which a lower energy storage cavity is formed. A supercapacitor module is installed within the lower energy storage cavity. An energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer, and the supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board. The upper ecological vegetation layer includes an upper brick shell, within which an upper ecological vegetation cavity is formed. The upper ecological vegetation cavity includes, from bottom to top, a ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sublayer and an ecological vegetation layer. A temperature and humidity sensor and a soil microcurrent electrode system are installed within the ecological vegetation layer. An electric heating system is laid in the ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sublayer. An irrigation system is installed above the ecological vegetation layer. The temperature and humidity sensor, soil microcurrent electrode system, electric heating system, irrigation system, and energy storage management circuit board are electrically connected.

[0012] The supercapacitor module includes a capacitor diaphragm, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte, and coarse solid waste aggregate. The capacitor diaphragm, positive electrode plate, and negative electrode plate are disposed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer, and porous insulating plates are respectively provided on the outside to protect the capacitor diaphragm, positive electrode plate, and negative electrode plate and to divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions. Each region is filled with electrolyte and coarse solid waste aggregate, forming a coarse solid waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. The positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate are electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board.

[0013] The energy storage management circuit board integrates a charge and discharge management module. The temperature and humidity sensor is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management module, which is electrically connected to the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the soil microcurrent electrode system, the electric heating system, and the irrigation system.

[0014] The brick body has a regular hexagonal prism structure. The main raw materials of the upper and lower brick shells include industrial solid waste, which is used as admixture or aggregate.

[0015] The insulating flexible isolation layer is a high-density polyethylene waterproof membrane; the porous insulation board is a polypropylene or ceramic partition with uniform micropores, the pore size of which is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid waste coarse aggregate being filled.

[0016] The electric heating system includes a flexible electric heating film or electric heating wire laid in the ceramsite drainage anchoring sub-layer, and the soil microcurrent electrode system includes a pair of corrosion-resistant electrodes suitable for burying in the ecological vegetation layer. The corrosion-resistant electrodes are carbon felt or graphite felt electrodes.

[0017] The bottom of the inner wall of the upper brick shell is provided with drainage channels, and the upper surface of the ecological vegetation layer is 2cm lower than the upper edge of the upper brick shell.

[0018] An ecological slope protection system based on prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks includes a power generation unit, a central control module, and electrical equipment. Multiple energy storage bricks are spliced ​​and laid on the slope, and the charge and discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit boards between adjacent energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the central control module. The central control module is used to control the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor module of the energy storage bricks and to control the supercapacitor module of the energy storage bricks to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope.

[0019] The power generation unit is a solar power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, or another renewable energy power generation unit.

[0020] A method for preparing an ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks includes the following steps:

[0021] S1: Building materials are prepared using industrial solid waste as the main raw material. The upper brick shell and the lower brick shell are formed by casting in one mold. The upper ecological vegetation layer cavity and the lower energy storage layer cavity are formed in one mold. The lower brick shell has a reserved circuit output interface. After curing, the mold is removed.

[0022] S2: Fabrication of the supercapacitor module: A positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a capacitor diaphragm are placed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. Porous insulating plates are provided on the outside of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the capacitor diaphragm. Multiple porous insulating plates divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions, which are filled with electrolyte. Surface-treated coarse waste aggregate is filled into the electrolyte to form a coarse waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. An insulating flexible isolation layer is used to seal the top of the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. At the same time, the energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer. The positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the energy storage management circuit board are electrically connected.

[0023] S3: Connect the power output port on the energy storage management circuit board to the elastic wire. The elastic wire extends from the circuit output interface reserved on the lower brick shell and is snapped into the slot on the outer wall of the lower brick shell. The elastic wire is sealed to the circuit output interface.

[0024] S4: Drainage channels are opened at the bottom of the inner wall of the upper brick shell. The cavity of the upper ecological vegetation layer is filled with the ceramsite drainage anchoring sub-layer and the ecological vegetation layer in sequence. Temperature and humidity sensors, soil micro-current electrode system, electric heating system and irrigation system are buried at the same time to complete the preparation of the electric storage brick.

[0025] S5: Multiple energy storage bricks made of S1~S4 are spliced ​​and laid on the slope surface. Elastic wires electrically connect adjacent energy storage bricks. At the same time, the charge and discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit boards of multiple energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the main control module. The main control module is used to control the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick and to control the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The energy storage brick of this application adopts a double-layer structure design, with the lower layer being an energy storage layer and the upper layer being an ecological protection layer, which satisfies both the structural protection requirements and the ecological protection requirements of the slope. The energy storage brick of this application can both store and discharge electricity. It can be charged by the power generation unit to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope. In addition, the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick can supply power to the electrical equipment in the upper ecological vegetation layer to promote plant growth, forming an integrated structure of energy storage, power supply and ecological greening.

[0028] 2. The lower energy storage layer of the energy storage brick in this application has higher charging efficiency, can efficiently absorb renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy in the slope area, reduce energy loss during the charging process, maximize the utilization of clean energy, and at the same time, complete charging quickly, can store intermittent and fluctuating new energy sources in a timely manner, avoid energy waste, and can quickly respond to the emergency power supply needs of the slope (such as monitoring equipment and emergency lighting), ensuring the stable operation of the equipment; the supercapacitor module of the lower energy storage layer of this invention forms a solid waste coarse aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure, which is formed by adding solid waste coarse aggregate to the electrolyte. This can provide mechanical support for the insulating flexible isolation layer and the cavity sidewall of the lower energy storage layer, improving the load-bearing capacity of the energy storage brick. At the same time, the setting of solid waste coarse aggregate allows the electrolyte to pass through the gaps in the solid waste coarse aggregate quickly, which is conducive to the rapid transport of ions in the electrolyte, thereby improving the ion conductivity. Moreover, due to the high porosity of the solid waste coarse aggregate itself, its pores will adsorb a large amount of electrolyte. When the supercapacitor module is charging, the electrolyte adsorbed on the solid waste coarse aggregate can quickly reach the electrode surface, thereby forming an "ion reservoir" and accelerating the charging rate of the supercapacitor.

[0029] 3. This invention proposes a slope protection system that integrates slope reinforcement, ecological greening, solid waste utilization, autonomous energy storage and distributed power supply. The preparation method realizes the combination of factory prefabrication and on-site rapid assembly, ensuring the consistency of product performance, the convenience of system construction and the reliability of long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the connection point between adjacent energy storage bricks using elastic conductors according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit output interface of the lower brick shell of the assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the plan layout of a slope protection system formed by splicing together multiple energy storage bricks of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage bricks of the present invention being laid on a slope;

[0039] In the attached diagram: 1. Upper ecological vegetation layer; 2. Lower energy storage layer; 3. Ceramsite drainage anchoring sublayer; 4. Drainage channel; 5. Corrosion-resistant electrode; 6. Energy storage management circuit board; 7. Insulating flexible isolation layer; 8. Flexible electric heating film; 9. Temperature and humidity sensor; 10. Porous insulating board; 11. Capacitor diaphragm; 12. Solid waste coarse aggregate; 13. Elastic wire; 14. Circuit output interface; 15. Drainage ditch; 16. Slope. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick, its ecological slope protection system, and its preparation method. This system enables the slope protection structure itself to become a distributed microgrid, which can provide in-situ, continuous, and reliable power to auxiliary electronic equipment and ensure the long-term stability of ecological functions.

[0042] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Please see Figures 1 to 6 A prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick is disclosed. The brick body is divided into an upper ecological vegetation layer 1 and a lower energy storage layer 2 along the thickness direction, with an insulating flexible isolation layer 7 between the two layers. The lower energy storage layer 2 includes a lower brick shell, within which a lower energy storage layer cavity is formed. A supercapacitor module is installed in the lower energy storage layer cavity, and an energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer 7. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board 6. The upper ecological vegetation layer 1 includes an upper brick shell, within which an upper ecological vegetation layer cavity is formed. The upper ecological vegetation layer cavity includes, from bottom to top, a ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sub-layer 3 and an ecological vegetation layer. A temperature and humidity sensor 9 and a soil microcurrent electrode system are installed in the ecological vegetation layer. An electric heating system is laid in the ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sub-layer, and an irrigation system is installed above the ecological vegetation layer. The temperature and humidity sensor 9, the soil microcurrent electrode system, the electric heating system, the irrigation system, and the energy storage management circuit board 6 are electrically connected.

[0044] In this embodiment, the energy storage brick of this application adopts a double-layer structure design, with an upper ecological vegetation layer 1 and a lower energy storage layer 2. This design allows the energy storage brick to meet both the structural protection requirements and the ecological protection requirements of the slope. At the same time, the lower energy storage layer 2 can provide power to the upper ecological vegetation layer 1, achieving self-maintenance. The energy storage management circuit board 6 of the lower energy storage layer 2 is used to control the charging of the supercapacitor module, enabling the supercapacitor module to store electricity. Simultaneously, the temperature and humidity sensor 9 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information of the ecological vegetation layer soil and transmit it to the energy storage management circuit board 6. The energy storage management circuit board 6 controls the discharge of the supercapacitor module based on the temperature and humidity information of the ecological vegetation layer soil, releasing the electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor module to provide power to the irrigation system, soil microcurrent electrode system, and electric heating system, thereby achieving vegetation maintenance and forming an integrated structure of energy storage, power supply, and ecological greening.

[0045] The supercapacitor module includes a capacitor diaphragm 11, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte, and coarse solid waste aggregate 12. The capacitor diaphragm 11, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate are disposed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer, and porous insulating plates 10 are respectively provided on the outside to protect the capacitor diaphragm 11, the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate and to divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions. The regions are filled with electrolyte and coarse solid waste aggregate 12 to form a coarse solid waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board.

[0046] In this embodiment, a solid waste coarse aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure is formed within the supercapacitor module of the lower energy storage layer 2. This structure involves adding solid waste coarse aggregate to the electrolyte. On one hand, the solid waste coarse aggregate provides mechanical support for the insulating flexible isolation layer 7 and the cavity sidewalls of the lower energy storage layer, improving the load-bearing capacity of the energy storage bricks. Simultaneously, the supercapacitor module also includes a porous insulating plate 10 for protection, preventing displacement of the capacitor diaphragm 11, positive electrode plate, and negative electrode plate under external forces. The addition of the solid waste coarse aggregate also disperses the stress acting on the porous insulating plate 10. Secondly, the solid waste coarse aggregate allows the electrolyte to pass quickly through the gaps in the solid waste coarse aggregate, facilitating rapid ion transport in the electrolyte and thus improving ion conductivity. Thirdly, due to the high porosity of the solid waste coarse aggregate, its pores will adsorb a large amount of electrolyte. When the supercapacitor module is charging, electrons migrate into the negative electrode plate. In order to maintain charge balance, positive ions in the electrolyte need to rush into the surface of the negative electrode plate at the same speed to form an electric double layer. The pores of the solid waste coarse aggregate that are in close contact with the negative electrode store a large amount of electrolyte. Due to the extremely close distance and huge contact area between the solid waste coarse aggregate 12 and the negative electrode, the positive ions therein can be replenished to the surface of the negative electrode faster than from the electrolyte body at a greater distance through diffusion and migration, thereby forming an "ion reservoir". That is, the setting of solid waste coarse aggregate removes the limitation of ion transport speed in pure electrolyte and accelerates the charging rate of the supercapacitor module.

[0047] The porous insulating plate 10 is a polypropylene or ceramic separator with uniform micropores. This prevents the solid waste coarse aggregate 12 from contacting the positive and negative electrode plates, thus avoiding short circuits, and also prevents the solid waste coarse aggregate from squeezing and damaging the capacitor diaphragm, causing short circuits. The micropore diameter of the porous insulating plate 10 is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid waste coarse aggregate 12 that is filled, ensuring that the electrolyte flows freely while the solid waste coarse aggregate is completely blocked in an independent cavity area.

[0048] The energy storage management circuit board 6 integrates a charge and discharge management module. The temperature and humidity sensor 9 is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management module, which is electrically connected to the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the soil microcurrent electrode system, the electric heating system, and the irrigation system.

[0049] In this embodiment, the probe of the temperature and humidity sensor 9 is suitable for being buried in the upper ecological vegetation layer. The length of the temperature and humidity sensor 9 itself occupies 1 / 2 in both the expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3 and the ecological vegetation layer. The temperature and humidity sensor 9 is used to detect the temperature and humidity of the soil in the ecological vegetation layer. When the environment is unfavorable to plant growth, it can feed the signal back to the charge and discharge management module. The charge and discharge management module will provide power to the electric heating system, irrigation system, and soil microcurrent electrode system to control soil temperature and humidity and improve the soil environment and plant resistance. The soil microcurrent electrode system is used for some special soil environments to drive the salt ions in the soil to migrate in a directional manner and leave the root zone, thereby improving the soil electrochemically, rather than completely desalinating. It does not pursue the complete removal of salt, but improves the soil environment and plant resistance through microcurrent stimulation.

[0050] The brick body has a regular hexagonal prism structure. The main raw materials of the upper and lower brick body shells include industrial solid waste, which is used as admixture or aggregate. The insulating flexible isolation layer is a high-density polyethylene waterproof membrane, which has elastic deformation capability and can absorb the interlayer micro-strain generated by the brick body under pressure or temperature changes, while ensuring electrical insulation and waterproof sealing between the upper ecological vegetation layer and the lower energy storage layer 2.

[0051] The expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3 is composed of non-fired expanded clay with reasonable gradation and capillary hindrance function. Before filling, the non-fired expanded clay undergoes surface cleaning and passivation treatment, and a bimodal or multimodal gradation is adopted during filling to form a hydraulic transition and filter layer with high permeability. It can quickly guide the infiltrated water flow and effectively intercept fine particles of the upper soil, achieving drainage and soil conservation. At the same time, this layer provides anchoring space for plant roots. The ecological vegetation layer is a lightweight nutrient soil mixed with plant seeds and nutrients, which covers the expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3.

[0052] The ecological vegetation layer includes an upper soil layer and a lower non-fired ceramsite anchoring layer. The upper soil layer is used for planting green plants. However, since the soil layer of this energy storage brick is limited in thickness and simple soil layer is easily washed away by rainwater, the lower non-fired ceramsite anchoring layer is laid under the upper soil layer. In this way, when the plant grows roots, the plant roots will spontaneously extend into the gaps between the ceramsites. The weight of the ceramsites themselves can firmly lock the plant, and the plant roots can lock the soil so that it is not easily washed away by rainwater.

[0053] The electric heating system includes a flexible electric heating film 8 or electric heating wires laid in the expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3. The soil microcurrent electrode system includes a pair of corrosion-resistant electrodes 5 suitable for burying in the upper soil cover layer of the ecological vegetation layer. The corrosion-resistant electrodes 5 are carbon felt or graphite felt electrodes. The system uses a weak electric field to drive the directional migration of salt ions in the soil away from the root zone, thereby improving the soil electrochemically rather than completely desalinizing it. It does not aim to completely remove salt, but rather improves the soil environment and plant resistance through microcurrent stimulation. The irrigation system includes an external water source and a control valve, which is connected to the charge and discharge management module.

[0054] The bottom of the inner wall of the upper brick shell is provided with drainage channel 4, and the upper surface of the ecological vegetation layer is 2cm lower than the upper edge of the cavity of the upper ecological vegetation layer; when multiple energy storage bricks are spliced ​​together, the size difference between the upper and lower energy storage bricks forms a drainage ditch 15 around the brick body, and the drainage channel 4 and the drainage ditch 15 are connected to form an organized drainage system.

[0055] The lower energy storage layer 2 is provided with multiple circuit output interfaces 14, which are cylindrical and respectively located on the side wall of the brick body. Each interface is surrounded by a slot to accommodate the retraction of the elastic conductor 13. There are six circuit output interfaces 14 in total, located on the six side walls of the brick body, 2cm away from the top edge of the outer wall of the lower energy storage layer 2. Each interface has a waterproof sealing structure, allowing electrical connection to adjacent brick bodies or external equipment from any direction, improving the flexibility of system splicing and the reliability of circuit redundancy. The circuit output interface 14 is a hollow cylindrical design, with a diameter of 2cm for the circular surface and a height equal to the wall thickness of the energy storage brick.

[0056] At least one of the circuit output interfaces 14 is designated as a dedicated charging interface, directly connected to the charge / discharge management module of the energy storage management circuit board 6, for connecting external power generation units such as solar photovoltaic panels. The remaining interfaces can be used to connect electrical equipment or as network nodes in electrical parallel connection. The electrical connection is achieved by connecting two adjacent energy storage bricks through cylindrical conductive interfaces using elastic wires 13. The elastic wires 13 have axial elasticity, and their structure can refer to common spring wires or spiral telescopic wires, enabling them to automatically retract to their initial length after stretching.

[0057] The circuit output interface 14 is surrounded by a slot with a length and width of 5cm and a depth slightly less than the wall thickness. When the elastic wire 13 rebounds, the excess wire length will retract into this slot to prevent the elastic wire 13 from being squeezed after the adjacent energy storage bricks come into contact.

[0058] The two ends of the elastic wire 13 are respectively fixedly connected to the circuit output interface 14 on the opposite side of the two bricks, and the interface is provided with a sealing structure to achieve waterproofing.

[0059] The elastic conductor 13 is covered with a waterproof insulating shell, which can effectively prevent leakage or short circuit accidents caused by water seepage at the brick joints and improve the overall circuit safety.

[0060] like Figures 7-8 As shown, an ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks includes multiple energy storage bricks, a power generation unit, a central control module, and electrical equipment. The power generation unit is a solar photovoltaic panel. Multiple energy storage bricks are spliced ​​and laid on the slope, and the charge and discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit board 6 between adjacent energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the central control module. The central control module is used to control the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick and to control the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope 16.

[0061] A method for preparing an ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: Building materials are prepared using industrial solid waste as the main raw material. The upper brick shell and the lower brick shell are formed by casting in one mold. The upper ecological vegetation layer cavity and the lower energy storage layer cavity are formed in one mold. The lower brick shell has a circuit output interface 14 reserved on it. After curing, it is demolded.

[0063] The prefabrication of brickwork and the construction of functional layers begin with the prefabrication of the outer brick shell. Brickwork materials: The outer brick shell is almost entirely made from solid waste materials. The aggregate is 100% recycled construction waste aggregate (crushed and screened), and the cementing material is a "geopolymer cementing material," whose main components are fly ash (60%), steel slag powder (30%), and an alkali activator. This formula not only completely avoids the use of cement, but also incorporates over 90% solid waste.

[0064] Furthermore, a special steel mold is used to cast the outer shell of a regular hexagonal prism brick in one piece. This outer shell has a double-cavity structure. The bricks of the upper ecological vegetation layer 1 have a smaller area than those of the lower energy storage layer 2. The outer diameter of the lower energy storage layer cavity is 50cm, the wall thickness is 5cm, and the height is 25cm; the outer diameter of the upper ecological vegetation layer cavity is 46cm, the wall thickness is 3cm, and the height is 25cm. This difference in size creates a drainage ditch approximately 4cm wide after assembly. During the casting process, a 3mm thick high-density polyethylene waterproof membrane is pre-placed between the upper ecological vegetation layer cavity and the lower energy storage layer cavity as an insulating flexible isolation layer 7. After curing under standard conditions for 28 days, the brick blank is demolded to obtain a one-piece molded brick blank (e.g., Figure 1 , Figure 2 (As shown). At the bottom of the six inner walls of the upper brick shell, drainage channels 4 with a depth equal to the wall thickness and a semi-circular cross-section and a diameter of 1.5 cm are machined.

[0065] S2: Fabrication of supercapacitor module: A positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a capacitor diaphragm are placed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. Porous insulating plates 10 are respectively provided on the outside of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the capacitor diaphragm. Multiple porous insulating plates 10 divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions, which are filled with electrolyte. Surface-treated coarse waste aggregate 12 is filled into the electrolyte to form a coarse waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. An insulating flexible isolation layer 7 is used to seal the top of the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. At the same time, the energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer. The positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the energy storage management circuit board are electrically connected.

[0066] The core energy storage unit for preparing the supercapacitor module is made of bimodal graded non-burning solid waste coarse aggregate with particle sizes of 2-4mm and 5-8mm (made from sintered sewage treatment sludge). It is first soaked and cleaned with 5% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 2 hours to remove soluble impurities and metal ions on the surface, and then repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until the pH is neutral, and then dried for later use.

[0067] Furthermore, within the lower energy storage layer cavity, porous insulating plates 10 with uniform micropores (100 μm in diameter) are placed in parallel. Capacitor diaphragms 11 are placed inside the two middle porous insulating plates, and positive and negative electrode plates are placed inside the two left and right porous insulating plates, respectively. Then, organic electrolyte is injected into the entire cavity, and the treated bimodal graded solid waste coarse aggregate is tightly filled into the electrolyte and sealed to form a "solid waste coarse aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure".

[0068] Furthermore, the aforementioned supercapacitor module was integrated with a multi-functional energy storage management circuit board 6, which integrates a charge and discharge management module. Its expansion interface connects to: a temperature and humidity sensor 9, a flexible electric heating film 8 (made of carbon fiber) laid in the ceramsite drainage anchoring sublayer, a control valve of the irrigation system that can wirelessly receive commands, and a pair of pre-embedded graphite felt electrodes (for soil microcurrent control). This pre-integrated electrical function module was then preliminarily tested.

[0069] Furthermore, the lower energy storage layer 2 is encapsulated by sealing the top of the cavity of the lower energy storage layer with an insulating flexible isolation layer, while sealing the energy storage management circuit board on top of the insulating and waterproof flexible material.

[0070] The flexible insulating layer used in this invention can be made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waterproof membrane. This material has excellent insulation properties (volume resistivity ≥1.0×10^12 Ω·m), waterproof properties (water absorption ≤0.2%), and chemical stability. It is also mature in the market, has controllable costs, and is suitable for large-scale engineering applications.

[0071] The waterproof membrane construction process here is as follows: HDPE self-adhesive waterproof membrane with a thickness ≥1.5mm is cut into hexagons slightly larger than the opening size of the cavity in the lower energy storage layer, with a 40mm flange reserved on each side. Perforations are pre-drilled according to the positions of the temperature and humidity sensors and graphite felt electrodes. When sealing the supercapacitor module, the temperature and humidity sensors and graphite felt electrodes pass through the pre-drilled holes, and the flanges naturally adhere to the six brick walls. Then, a prefabricated aluminum alloy pressure strip is used along the top edge of the energy storage brick wall to press the flanged membrane tightly. Additionally, before installing the pressure strip, a sealing treatment is performed by evenly applying silicone sealant to the contact surface between the membrane flange and the brick wall. After the pressure strip is tightened, the excess sealant naturally fills the gaps. After the sealant has initially cured, a layer of waterproof coating is applied to the surface of the pressure strip and the screw heads.

[0072] S3: Connect the power output port on the energy storage management circuit board to the elastic wire 13. The elastic wire 13 extends from the circuit output interface reserved in the lower brick shell and is snapped into the slot on the outer wall of the lower brick shell. The elastic wire 13 is sealed to the circuit output interface.

[0073] The six power output ports on the energy storage management circuit board 6 are connected to the circuit output interfaces 14 prefabricated on the six side walls of the brick structure via internally embedded elastic wires 13. These interfaces are made of brass, with an exposed diameter of 2cm, and are embedded in the brick wall. Their outer ring has a 5cm × 5cm × 4.5cm (depth) groove. High-performance epoxy resin sealant is used to seal all interfaces and wire lead-out holes, ensuring that the lower energy storage layer 2 forms a completely sealed, waterproof, and moisture-proof independent cavity.

[0074] The flexible conductor 13 is fabricated by cutting a 15cm (natural state) multi-core soft copper conductor and encasing it in a spiral thermoplastic polyurethane elastic sheath, resulting in a flexible conductor 13 that can be stretched up to 20cm. Both ends of the flexible conductor 13 are crimped with gold-plated pins that match the circuit output interface. The pins are covered with silicone rubber waterproof plugs to ensure an IP67 waterproof rating after insertion.

[0075] S4: Drainage channels are opened on the inner wall of the upper brick shell, and then the expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer and the ecological vegetation layer are filled in sequence. At the same time, temperature and humidity sensors, soil microcurrent electrode systems, and electric heating systems connected to the energy storage management circuit are buried, and an irrigation system is arranged to complete the preparation of the energy storage brick. Further, the upper ecological vegetation layer is constructed on top of the sealed lower energy storage layer 2. First, single-grade non-fired expanded clay with a particle size of 10-20mm is filled into the cavity of the upper ecological vegetation layer to form an expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3 with a thickness of about 10cm. During the filling process, temperature and humidity sensor probes connected to the energy storage management circuit board, flexible electric heating film laid in a serpentine pattern, and a pair of graphite felt electrodes spaced about 30cm apart are buried simultaneously. Then, a layer of lightweight nutrient soil (composed of loam, humus, water-retaining agent and herb seeds) about 12cm thick is laid on the expanded clay drainage anchoring sub-layer 3 to form an ecological vegetation layer, filling it to about 3cm below the upper edge of the brick body.

[0076] S5: Multiple energy storage bricks made of S1~S4 are spliced ​​and laid on the slope surface of slope 16. Elastic conductors 13 electrically connect adjacent energy storage bricks. Simultaneously, the charge / discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit boards of multiple energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the main control module. The main control module controls the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor modules of the energy storage bricks and controls the supercapacitor modules of the energy storage bricks to supply power to the electrical equipment on slope 16. Further, the on-site system is laid and integrated, and the target soil slope 16 is trimmed and compacted. Starting from the toe of the slope, the prefabricated energy storage bricks are honeycomb-style tightly assembled horizontally (planar layout as shown). Figure 7 (As shown). During assembly, the circuit output interfaces of adjacent brick sidewalls are connected by plugging in the flexible wires 13. The flexible design of the flexible wires allows for minor installation errors or thermal expansion and contraction displacement between bricks, and excess cable can be retracted and hidden in the slot to avoid compression.

[0077] Furthermore, after all the bricks were connected, a distributed DC microgrid was formed, connecting all the supercapacitor modules in parallel. A 100W flexible solar photovoltaic panel was installed on an unshaded area at the top of the slope to charge the supercapacitor modules.

[0078] Furthermore, by activating the charge and discharge management modules on the energy storage management circuits of each brick using a wireless programmer, parameters such as temperature control thresholds (e.g., activating the electric heating film below 5℃ and triggering an alarm above 30℃), soil moisture, and irrigation thresholds can be set. The power cords of the Beidou / GNSS displacement monitoring station, video surveillance cameras, and other electrical equipment on slope 16 can then be connected to the nearest power output interface of any brick, and the system can be put into operation.

[0079] Application Scenarios: This system is particularly suitable for projects such as mine slope restoration and landfill closure slopes, which require intelligent control, urgently need to solve power supply problems, and have a strong demand for solid waste disposal. Its core value lies in constructing a protective structure with basic energy storage and power supply capabilities at extremely low material costs, while achieving significant environmental benefits.

[0080] This invention is applicable to high-altitude and cold slopes, and features a reinforced design for slope environments characterized by high altitude, cold conditions, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles.

[0081] Material and structural reinforcement: Antifreeze additives are incorporated into the outer brick shell material, and higher-grade cementitious materials are used. The insulating flexible isolation layer uses modified EPDM rubber strips with superior low-temperature resistance. The upper ecological vegetation layer's ceramsite drainage anchoring sublayer uses multi-graded ceramsite with higher porosity, and incorporates a certain proportion of phase change energy storage material microcapsules to buffer sudden temperature changes in the root zone.

[0082] Furthermore, the temperature control system is enhanced: the electric heating system adopts a metal foil-type electric heating film with higher power density, which is evenly laid in the lower part of the ceramic aggregate drainage anchor sub-layer and controlled in layers and zones to achieve energy-saving, efficient de-icing and antifreeze.

[0083] Furthermore, energy storage and connectivity optimizations were implemented: the supercapacitor modules used an electrolyte formulation with superior low-temperature performance. The coarse aggregate used for filling underwent a hydrophobic coating process during pretreatment to reduce the impact of moisture intrusion on the electrolyte. The circuit output interfaces on the brick sidewalls and the sheathing material for the flexible wires were all made of silicone rubber resistant to temperatures down to -40°C. During assembly, antifreeze conductive grease was applied to the interface joints to ensure stable contact resistance at extreme low temperatures.

[0084] Furthermore, system integration: During slope paving, additional solar photovoltaic panels are installed at the toe and middle of the slope to address the problem of insufficient sunlight in winter in high-latitude regions, ensure that the energy storage network still has sufficient charging capacity in winter, guarantee the continuous operation of the heating system, and prevent the frost heave of the vegetation layer from damaging the structure.

[0085] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage brick, characterized in that, The energy storage brick is divided into an upper ecological vegetation layer and a lower energy storage layer along its thickness, with an insulating flexible isolation layer between the two layers. The lower energy storage layer includes a lower brick shell, within which a lower energy storage cavity is formed. A supercapacitor module is installed within the lower energy storage cavity, and an energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer. The supercapacitor module is electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board. The upper ecological vegetation layer includes an upper brick shell, within which an upper ecological vegetation cavity is formed. The upper ecological vegetation cavity includes, from bottom to top, a ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sublayer and an ecological vegetation layer. A temperature and humidity sensor and a soil microcurrent electrode system are installed within the ecological vegetation layer. An electric heating system is laid in the ceramic aggregate drainage anchoring sublayer, and an irrigation system is installed above the ecological vegetation layer. The temperature and humidity sensor, soil microcurrent electrode system, electric heating system, irrigation system, and energy storage management circuit board are electrically connected.

2. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor module includes a capacitor diaphragm, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte, and coarse solid waste aggregate. The capacitor diaphragm, positive electrode plate, and negative electrode plate are disposed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer, and porous insulating plates are respectively provided on the outside to protect the capacitor diaphragm, positive electrode plate, and negative electrode plate and to divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions. Each region is filled with electrolyte and coarse solid waste aggregate, forming a coarse solid waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. The positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate are electrically connected to the energy storage management circuit board.

3. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage management circuit board integrates a charge and discharge management module. The temperature and humidity sensor is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management module, which is electrically connected to the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the soil microcurrent electrode system, the electric heating system, and the irrigation system.

4. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brick body has a regular hexagonal prism structure. The main raw materials of the upper and lower brick body shells include industrial solid waste, which is used as admixture or aggregate.

5. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 2, characterized in that, The insulating flexible isolation layer is a high-density polyethylene waterproof membrane; the porous insulation board is a polypropylene or ceramic partition with uniform micropores, the pore size of which is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid waste coarse aggregate being filled.

6. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric heating system includes a flexible electric heating film or electric heating wire laid in the ceramsite drainage anchoring sub-layer, and the soil microcurrent electrode system includes a pair of corrosion-resistant electrodes suitable for burying in the ecological vegetation layer. The corrosion-resistant electrodes are carbon felt or graphite felt electrodes.

7. The assembled polygonal double-layer energy storage brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the inner wall of the upper brick shell is provided with drainage channels, and the upper surface of the ecological vegetation layer is 2cm lower than the upper edge of the upper brick shell.

8. An ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks, based on the prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power generation unit, a main control module, and electrical equipment. Multiple energy storage bricks are spliced ​​and laid on the slope, and the charge and discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit boards between adjacent energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the main control module. The main control module is used to control the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor modules of the energy storage bricks, and to control the supercapacitor modules of the energy storage bricks to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope.

9. The ecological slope protection system of prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power generation unit is a solar power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, or other renewable energy power generation unit.

10. A method for preparing an ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks, based on the ecological slope protection system using prefabricated polygonal double-layer energy storage bricks as described in claim 8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: Building materials are prepared using industrial solid waste as the main raw material. The upper brick shell and the lower brick shell are formed by casting in one mold. The upper ecological vegetation layer cavity and the lower energy storage layer cavity are formed in one mold. The lower brick shell has a reserved circuit output interface. After curing, the mold is removed. S2: Fabrication of the supercapacitor module: A positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a capacitor diaphragm are placed inside the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. Porous insulating plates are provided on the outside of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the capacitor diaphragm. Multiple porous insulating plates divide the cavity of the lower energy storage layer into multiple regions, which are filled with electrolyte. Surface-treated coarse waste aggregate is filled into the electrolyte to form a coarse waste aggregate-electrolyte composite energy storage structure. An insulating flexible isolation layer is used to seal the top of the cavity of the lower energy storage layer. At the same time, the energy storage management circuit board is sealed above the insulating flexible isolation layer. The positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the energy storage management circuit board are electrically connected. S3: Connect the power output port on the energy storage management circuit board to the elastic wire. The elastic wire extends from the circuit output interface reserved on the lower brick shell and is snapped into the slot on the outer wall of the lower brick shell. The elastic wire is sealed to the circuit output interface. S4: Drainage channels are opened at the bottom of the inner wall of the upper brick shell. The cavity of the upper ecological vegetation layer is filled with the ceramsite drainage anchoring sub-layer and the ecological vegetation layer in sequence. Temperature and humidity sensors, soil micro-current electrode system, electric heating system and irrigation system are buried at the same time to complete the preparation of the electric storage brick. S5: Multiple energy storage bricks made of S1~S4 are spliced ​​and laid on the slope surface. Elastic wires electrically connect adjacent energy storage bricks. At the same time, the charge and discharge management modules of the energy storage management circuit boards of multiple energy storage bricks are connected in parallel to the main control module. The main control module is used to control the power generation unit to charge the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick and to control the supercapacitor module of the energy storage brick to supply power to the electrical equipment on the slope.

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