Intensive air chamber structure and ventilation method for double-line tunnel multi-face construction

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of ventilation technology for tunnel and underground engineering construction, and specifically relates to a centralized ventilation chamber structure and ventilation method for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels. The ventilation chamber structure includes a ventilation chamber space located within the main line away from the inclined shaft. A first and second enclosed wall are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the ventilation chamber space. The drainage ditch inside the ventilation chamber space is leveled by pouring concrete, and the cross passage is fully sealed with color steel plates. The ventilation chamber has an air inlet and multiple air outlets, which are respectively connected to the main air duct of the inclined shaft and the branch air ducts leading to each working face. A variable frequency relay fan is installed at the air outlet and linked to an intelligent ventilation system. This invention achieves a centralized ventilation mode of "centralized air supply and secondary distribution," simplifying the layout of air ducts inside the tunnel, reducing construction interference and ventilation energy consumption, and improving air supply efficiency and smoke extraction capacity. Simultaneously, the modular structure allows for quick assembly and disassembly, resulting in low safety risks, and it is suitable for simultaneous construction of multi-face tunnels in twin-track tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ventilation technology for tunnel and underground engineering construction, and specifically relates to an intensive ventilation chamber structure and ventilation method for multi-face construction of double-track tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel drilling and blasting construction, especially for large-section, long-distance twin-track tunnels, a "long tunnel, short excavation" construction organization mode is often adopted to accelerate the construction progress. This involves setting up multiple working faces (such as inclined shafts and cross passages) in the main tunnel line, creating a situation where multiple working faces are excavated simultaneously. Taking a twin-track tunnel as an example, after entering through the inclined shaft, it is often necessary to simultaneously advance multiple working faces on the main line away from the inclined shaft (the original left line) and the main line closer to the inclined shaft (the original right line).

[0003] In existing technologies, the commonly used ventilation method to ensure fresh air supply to each working face is "forced ventilation." High-powered fans are typically installed at the tunnel entrance or inclined shaft opening, and fresh air is delivered to each working face through main ducts. The limitations of this method are: 1. Complex duct system, interfering with construction: To meet the needs of multiple working faces, multiple large-diameter ducts need to be laid in the narrow tunnel space. Especially at tunnel intersections and cross passages, the ducts intersect and overlap, not only occupying a large amount of clearance and affecting material transportation and mechanical equipment passage, but also being difficult to install and maintain, and prone to damage and leakage. 2. Uneven airflow distribution and high energy consumption: The construction procedures at each working face are different, and the demand for airflow is dynamically changing. Traditional multi-duct independent air supply methods cannot achieve on-demand, dynamic airflow distribution, and usually can only use a constant large airflow supply, resulting in huge energy waste. 3. Low efficiency of long-distance air supply: A single fan directly delivers fresh air to multiple working faces several kilometers away. The long ducts result in high resistance and high leakage rate, leading to insufficient airflow at the working faces and making it difficult to meet the needs of smoke extraction and cooling. 4. Poor ventilation effect: As on-site monitoring data shows, the wind speed at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel is zero, indicating that fresh air cannot effectively enter the main tunnel and be distributed to each working face, resulting in the accumulation of polluted air and poor air quality.

[0004] To address these issues, the industry has attempted to adopt a "partitioned wind tunnel" structure, which involves installing partitions within the main tunnel to create air storage space. However, this structure has significant drawbacks: 1. Short effective distance: Limited by the strength of the partition structure and construction conditions, the wind tunnel length is typically short, resulting in limited air storage capacity and insufficient buffering ability. 2. Long construction period and high cost: Partitioned wind tunnels require on-site casting or welding of large steel structures, leading to complex construction procedures, time-consuming and labor-intensive processes, and high material and labor costs. 3. High safety risks: Partitions often employ suspended or cantilevered structures, posing safety hazards of falls and collapses in high-altitude working environments. 4. Difficult maintenance: Once the partition structure is formed, the internal space is narrow and enclosed, making it difficult for personnel to enter for inspection and maintenance. Issues such as air leakage are extremely difficult to address. 5. High wind resistance: The partition structure imposes numerous restrictions on airflow paths, easily generating localized eddies and wind resistance, affecting air delivery efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve efficient, flexible, energy-saving, safe ventilation with minimal disruption to construction under complex conditions of multi-faceted construction in double-track tunnels is a pressing technical challenge in current tunnel engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems of existing technologies, such as complex duct systems, construction interference, uneven air volume distribution, high energy consumption, and the short distance, long construction period, high cost, high safety risks, difficult maintenance, and high wind resistance of traditional partitioned ventilation chambers when supplying air to multiple tunnel faces, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intensive ventilation chamber structure and ventilation method for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels. This invention utilizes the space of the main tunnel to construct a large ventilation chamber, achieving "centralized air supply and secondary distribution," thereby simplifying duct layout, providing intelligent air supply on demand, reducing energy consumption, improving ventilation efficiency, and improving the working environment. At the same time, it forms an efficient pollutant discharge path and an orderly construction traffic organization.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: an intensive ventilation chamber structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel, the double-track tunnel including a main line on the side away from the inclined shaft, a main line near the inclined shaft, and an inclined shaft arranged in parallel and connected by multiple transverse passages, including a ventilation chamber space located within the main line on the side away from the inclined shaft. A first sealing wall and a second sealing wall are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the ventilation chamber space. One side of the first sealing wall is close to the high-mileage face of the main line away from the inclined shaft, and the high-mileage face of the main line away from the inclined shaft has a corresponding high-mileage face of the main line near the inclined shaft on the same side. One side of the second sealing wall is close to the low-mileage face of the main line away from the inclined shaft, and the high-mileage face of the main line away from the inclined shaft is located on the same side of the main line near the inclined shaft. The small-mileage working face corresponds to the small-mileage working face of the main line near the inclined shaft on the same side. The transverse passage connecting the main line near the inclined shaft in the air chamber space is equipped with a transverse passage enclosure structure. The tunnel connecting the inclined shaft in the air chamber space is equipped with an air inlet. The first enclosure wall is equipped with a second air outlet, and the second enclosure wall is equipped with a first air outlet. A fourth air outlet is provided on the transverse passage of the air chamber space near the first air outlet, and the fourth air outlet leads to the small-mileage working face of the main line near the inclined shaft. A third air outlet is provided on the transverse passage of the air chamber space near the second air outlet, and the third air outlet leads to the large-mileage working face of the main line near the inclined shaft.

[0008] A relay fan is installed on the pipelines of the first air outlet, the second air outlet, the third air outlet, and the fourth air outlet.

[0009] Drainage ditches are provided on both sides of the tunnel within the air chamber space. The drainage ditches are filled with concrete and are flush with the bottom surface of the tunnel within the air chamber space.

[0010] The first and second sealing walls are detachable structures, using steel trusses as the frame and covered with color steel plates on the outside. They are laid along the entire cross section of the tunnel. The first and second sealing walls are sealed with the tunnel walls, bottom and drainage ditches in the ventilation space using sealant or rubber strips.

[0011] The first and second enclosed walls have a passage opening in the middle, and the passage opening is equipped with a closed door. The closed door is provided with a high-density plastic pad, an inflatable sealing strip or a magnetic sealing strip on the edge.

[0012] The relay fan is a variable frequency fan, and the relay fan is connected to a ventilation control system. The ventilation control system is equipped with multiple environmental sensors, which are respectively located at the main line face at a large mileage distance away from the inclined shaft, at a large mileage distance near the inclined shaft, at a small mileage distance away from the inclined shaft, and at a small mileage distance near the inclined shaft. These sensors are used to monitor dust concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and methane concentration in real time.

[0013] A ventilation method for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels, employing the aforementioned integrated ventilation chamber structure for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels, includes the following steps: S1. Ventilation chamber foundation treatment: Select a section in the main line away from the inclined shaft in the double-track tunnel as the ventilation chamber space, pour concrete into the drainage ditches on both sides of the tunnel within this section to make it flush with the bottom of the tunnel, and then level the bottom surface. S2. Wind Tunnel Construction: At both ends of the selected section, a first closed wall and a second closed wall, supported by steel trusses and covered by color steel plates, are erected respectively, and all cross passages within the section are closed as closed cross passages within the wind tunnel space, forming a sealed wind tunnel space. S3. Air intake system access: Connect the main air duct from the tunnel inclined shaft to the air intake interface of the air chamber space, and continuously pressurize fresh air into the air chamber space through the main fan; S4. Air outlet system layout: Install relay fans at the first, second, third and fourth air outlets in the air chamber space; S5. Relay air supply: Start the relay fan to pressurize the fresh air in the air chamber space and send it through each branch air duct to the main line face at a large mileage away from the inclined shaft, the main line face at a large mileage near the inclined shaft, the main line face at a small mileage away from the inclined shaft, and the main line face at a small mileage near the inclined shaft. S6. Traffic organization and management: Material transport vehicles are prohibited from passing through the enclosed ventilation space. They are guided to detour through the unenclosed cross passage outside the ventilation space to enter the main line near the inclined shaft for transportation. S7. Pollutant Discharge: Pollutants generated at the working faces of the main line at large and small mileages away from the inclined shaft are discharged into the main line near the inclined shaft through the unsealed cross passage outside the ventilation chamber. They flow together with pollutants generated at the working faces of the main line near the inclined shaft at large and small mileages towards the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and are finally discharged outside the tunnel through the inclined shaft.

[0014] In step S6, when large vehicles cannot pass through the unclosed cross passage outside the ventilation shaft space, they are allowed to pass through the closed door. Traffic lights / traffic coordinators are set up at the unclosed cross passage outside the ventilation shaft space to guide traffic.

[0015] The technical advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. By constructing a ventilation chamber, this invention terminates the long-distance main air duct from outside the tunnel within the ventilation chamber, eliminating the need to extend multiple large-diameter air ducts to each working face. This fundamentally solves the problem of air ducts intersecting and overlapping at tunnel intersections and cross passages, freeing up valuable passage space for material transport vehicles and large construction equipment, reducing the risk of air duct damage and leakage, and improving construction efficiency and safety. 2. The ventilation chamber of this invention acts as a large "air reservoir," buffering and balancing wind pressure. The main fan can operate stably and efficiently, while the air supply to each working face is independently handled by variable frequency relay fans located at the ventilation chamber outlet. Combined with an intelligent ventilation control system that adjusts in real time based on dust and CO sensor data, it can accurately and dynamically respond to changes in air volume required at each working face during different processes such as slag removal and support. This avoids the waste of a constant large air volume caused by the traditional "large horse pulling a small cart" approach, reducing ventilation energy consumption by approximately 20% to 30%. 3. This invention employs a two-stage pressurization mode of "main fan supplying air to the air chamber + relay fan providing secondary air supply," effectively solving the problems of insufficient terminal air pressure and severe air volume attenuation caused by long-distance air supply from a single fan. The air chamber, acting as a pressure hub, ensures stable air pressure at the inlet of each branch duct, improving air supply efficiency and resolving the persistent issue of "zero wind speed at the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel" observed in field measurements. This ensures sufficient fresh air at the working face and improves the working environment. 4. The enclosed walls and transverse passage structures of the air chamber in this invention utilize detachable and modular materials such as steel trusses and color steel plates, allowing for reuse and overcoming the shortcomings of traditional partitions. 5. This invention pushes pollutants far from the main line on the inclined shaft side to the transverse passage outside the air chamber space with fresh air, then merges into the main line near the inclined shaft side. Together with the pollutants on the main line near the inclined shaft side, they are discharged through the inclined shaft, preventing pollutants from stagnating, flowing back, or forming eddies at the intersection. This creates an orderly and efficient discharge channel, significantly improving the overall air quality inside the tunnel and protecting the health of construction personnel. 6. This invention makes the large-capacity air storage function of the air chamber a "buffer pool". When the air volume required at a certain working face changes suddenly (such as sudden slag discharge) or a local problem occurs in a certain branch air duct, the fresh air stored in the air chamber can be quickly replenished, avoiding drastic fluctuations or air supply interruptions in the entire ventilation system, and improving the system's adaptability and stability to complex and dynamic construction conditions.

[0016] The following will provide further explanation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall layout of an integrated ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pollutant discharge path of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a traffic organization diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Attached label: 1- Inclined shaft; 2- Main line away from the inclined shaft; 3- Main line near the inclined shaft; 4- Ventilation chamber space; 5- First enclosed wall; 6- Second enclosed wall; 7- Enclosed structure of the transverse passage; 8- Air inlet; 9- First air outlet; 10- Second air outlet; 11- Third air outlet; 12- Fourth air outlet; 13- Working face at high mileage on the main line away from the inclined shaft; 14- Working face at low mileage on the main line away from the inclined shaft; 15- Working face at high mileage on the main line near the inclined shaft; 16- Working face at low mileage on the main line near the inclined shaft; 17- Drainage ditch; 18- Enclosed door; 19- Direction of pollutant airflow; 20- Route of material transport vehicles; 21- Enclosed transverse passage within the ventilation chamber space; 22- Intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel; 23- Location of traffic lights / traffic coordinators; 24- Relay fan; 25- Unenclosed transverse passage outside the ventilation chamber space. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example 1 like Figures 1-4 As shown, an intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a dual-track tunnel is disclosed. The dual-track tunnel includes a main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft, a main line 3 on the side near the inclined shaft, and an inclined shaft 1, which are arranged in parallel and connected by multiple cross passages. A ventilation space 4 is included, located within the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft. A first sealing wall 5 and a second sealing wall 6 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the ventilation space 4. One side of the first sealing wall 5 is close to the high-mileage face 13 of the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft. The high-mileage face 13 of the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft corresponds to the high-mileage face 15 of the main line 2 on the side near the inclined shaft. One side of the second sealing wall 6 is close to the low-mileage face 14 of the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft. The low-mileage face 14 of the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft corresponds to the high-mileage face 15 of the main line 2 on the side near the inclined shaft. On the same side of the inclined shaft main line 3, there is a near-inclined shaft side main line small mileage working face 16. The cross passage connecting the near-inclined shaft side main line 3 in the air chamber space 4 is provided with a cross passage enclosure structure 7. The tunnel connecting the inclined shaft 1 in the air chamber space 4 is provided with an air inlet 8. The first enclosure wall 5 is provided with a second air outlet 10. The second enclosure wall 6 is provided with a first air outlet 9. The cross passage on the side of the air chamber space 4 near the first air outlet 9 is provided with a fourth air outlet 12. The fourth air outlet 12 leads to the near-inclined shaft side main line small mileage working face 16. The cross passage on the side of the air chamber space 4 near the second air outlet 10 is provided with a third air outlet 11. The third air outlet 11 leads to the near-inclined shaft side main line large mileage working face 15.

[0023] In this invention, before simultaneous construction of multiple face faces in a dual-track tunnel, a section within the main line 2 on the side furthest from the inclined shaft is first selected as the construction area for the ventilation chamber space 4. A first sealing wall 5 and a second sealing wall 6 are erected at both ends of this area to form a sealed air storage space. Simultaneously, all transverse passages within the ventilation chamber space 4 are sealed using a transverse passage sealing structure 7 to prevent uncontrolled leakage of fresh air. Subsequently, the main air duct at the opening of the inclined shaft 1 is connected to the air inlet 8, and the main fan continuously pressurizes fresh air from outside the tunnel into the ventilation chamber space 4, making the ventilation chamber space 4 a high-pressure, high-capacity "air reservoir". On the air outlet side, a branch duct is connected via the first air outlet interface 9 to the main line face 13 at a higher mileage, away from the inclined shaft. A branch duct is connected via the second air outlet interface 10 to the main line face 14 at a lower mileage, away from the inclined shaft. A branch duct is connected via the third air outlet interface 11, passing through a cross passage to the main line face 15 at a higher mileage, near the inclined shaft. A branch duct is connected via the fourth air outlet interface 12, passing through a cross passage to the main line face 16 at a lower mileage, near the inclined shaft. This embodiment achieves a "centralized air supply, secondary distribution" ventilation mode by constructing the air chamber space 4. Long-distance main air ducts from outside the tunnel only need to be connected to the air chamber, without extending to each face, fundamentally solving the problem of ducts crossing and overlapping at tunnel intersections and cross passages in traditional ventilation methods. This frees up valuable passage space for material transport vehicles and large construction equipment, reduces the risk of duct damage and leakage, and improves construction efficiency and safety.

[0024] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, preferably, a relay fan 24 is provided on the pipelines of the first air outlet 9, the second air outlet 10, the third air outlet 11 and the fourth air outlet 12.

[0025] In this invention, after installing relay fans 24 at each air outlet, these relay fans 24 are started. Fresh air from the air chamber space 4 is first compressed into the air chamber by the main fan and stored there. Then, each relay fan 24 draws air from the air chamber space 4, pressurizes it, and delivers it to the four working faces 13, 14, 15, and 16 through its respective branch duct. The relay fans 24 are installed close to the air outlet and are rigidly connected to ensure that the suction end of the relay fans 24 draws air directly from the air chamber space 4. This embodiment adopts a two-stage pressurization mode of "main fan supplying air to the air chamber + relay fans supplying air for secondary purposes," effectively solving the problems of insufficient terminal air pressure and severe air volume reduction caused by long-distance air delivery by a single fan. The air chamber space 4 acts as a pressure hub, ensuring stable air pressure at the inlet of each branch duct and improving air delivery efficiency. At the same time, the rigid connection avoids the problem of excessive suction pressure from the relay fans damaging the ducts, ensuring the reliability of the system operation.

[0026] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, preferably, drainage ditches 17 are provided on both sides of the tunnel in the air chamber space 4, the drainage ditches 17 are filled with concrete, and the drainage ditches 17 are flush with the bottom surface of the tunnel in the air chamber space 4.

[0027] In this invention, before constructing the ventilation chamber space 4, the drainage ditches 17 on both sides of the tunnel within this section are first cleaned, and then concrete is poured to make the top surface of the drainage ditches 17 flush with the bottom surface of the tunnel. After the concrete has solidified, the bottom surface of the tunnel within the entire ventilation chamber space 4 is leveled to eliminate the grooves and unevenness formed by the drainage ditches 17. In this embodiment, by leveling the drainage ditches 17, the air leakage channels caused by the original drainage ditches 17 are eliminated, ensuring the airtightness of the bottom surface of the ventilation chamber space 4. Combined with the subsequent sealing treatment of the sealing wall, the ventilation chamber space 4 forms a complete sealed space, reducing air leakage loss and improving ventilation efficiency.

[0028] Example 4 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, preferably, the first sealing wall 5 and the second sealing wall 6 are detachable structures, using steel trusses as the skeleton, covered with color steel plates, and laid along the entire cross section of the tunnel. The first sealing wall 5 and the second sealing wall 6 are sealed with the tunnel wall, bottom surface and drainage ditch 17 in the ventilation space 4 using sealant or rubber strips.

[0029] In this invention, steel trusses are first erected at both ends of a selected section as a supporting framework. Then, color steel plates are laid over the steel trusses, extending along the entire tunnel cross-section to form a complete enclosed wall. The joints between the color steel plates and the tunnel walls, bottom, and the already poured drainage ditch 17 are sealed with sealant or rubber strips to ensure airtightness. When the construction phase is complete and the ventilation duct is no longer needed, the process can be reversed: first, the color steel plates are removed, then the steel trusses are dismantled, allowing for material recycling or reuse. This embodiment uses a modular assembly method, which, compared to the traditional on-site pouring or high-altitude welding of partition-type ventilation ducts, offers the following advantages: faster assembly speed, shorter construction period, and lower material and labor costs; no suspended or cantilevered components, eliminating the safety hazards of falling or collapsing; the color steel plates can be partially disassembled, allowing personnel easy access to the ventilation duct space 4 for inspection and maintenance; the ventilation duct has a spacious interior with smooth airflow and low wind resistance; and excellent airtightness is achieved through multiple sealing measures.

[0030] Example 5 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, preferably, a passage opening is reserved in the middle of the first closed wall 5 and the second closed wall 6, and a closed door 18 is installed in the passage opening. The closed door 18 is provided with a densified plastic pad, an inflatable sealing strip or a magnetic sealing strip on the door edge.

[0031] In this invention, during the laying of the color steel plate, an opening is reserved in the middle position to accommodate the movement of large mechanical equipment such as three-arm rock drilling rigs, loaders, and dump trucks. A closed door 18 is installed at this opening, with a reinforced plastic pad or inflatable sealing strip or magnetic sealing strip on the door edge. Under normal ventilation conditions, the closed door 18 remains closed, relying on the sealing strip on the door edge to ensure airtightness. When large equipment needs to pass through the closed wall to enter the ventilation chamber space 4 or to go to the other side of the working face, the closed door 18 is opened to allow the equipment to pass through, and is immediately closed after the equipment has passed through. This embodiment, by setting a closed door 18 with a sealing device on the closed wall, ensures the airtightness of the ventilation chamber space 4 during normal ventilation, and also meets the passage needs of large construction equipment when necessary to pass through the closed wall, achieving a coordinated unity between ventilation function and construction passage function.

[0032] Example 6 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, preferably, the relay fan 24 is a variable frequency fan, and the relay fan 24 is connected to a ventilation control system. The ventilation control system is equipped with multiple environmental sensors, which are respectively set at the main line face 13 far from the inclined shaft, the main line face 15 near the inclined shaft, the main line face 14 far from the inclined shaft, and the main line face 16 near the inclined shaft, for real-time monitoring of dust concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and gas concentration.

[0033] In this invention, environmental sensors are installed at each working face to collect environmental parameters such as dust concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and methane concentration in real time. The sensor data is uploaded to the ventilation control system. Based on preset thresholds and algorithms, the system determines the required air volume for each working face and sends frequency conversion commands to each relay fan 24. For example, when a small-mileage working face 14, far from the inclined shaft, is undergoing slag removal operations and generating a large amount of dust, the system automatically commands the corresponding relay fan 24 to increase its speed and air volume; while other working faces undergoing low-air-demand processes such as support operations maintain their corresponding relay fans at low speeds. This embodiment achieves intelligent ventilation control with "on-demand air supply." The system dynamically adjusts the air volume according to the actual working conditions of each working face, avoiding the energy waste caused by a constant large air volume in traditional methods, and is expected to reduce ventilation energy consumption by approximately 20% to 30%. Meanwhile, the intelligent linkage matches the air volume of the main fan at the inclined shaft, ensuring stable air pressure within the air chamber space 4 and improving the system's reliability and adaptability.

[0034] Example 7 A ventilation method for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels, employing the aforementioned integrated ventilation chamber structure for multi-face construction of twin-track tunnels, includes the following steps: S1. Ventilation chamber foundation treatment: Select a section of the main line 2 on the side away from the inclined shaft in the double-track tunnel as the ventilation chamber space 4, pour concrete on the drainage ditches 17 on both sides of the tunnel within this section to make them flush with the bottom of the tunnel, and then flatten the bottom surface. S2. Wind Chamber Construction: At both ends of the selected section, a first closed wall 5 and a second closed wall 6, supported by steel trusses and covered by color steel plates, are erected respectively, and all cross passages within the section are closed as closed cross passages 21 within the wind chamber space, forming a sealed wind chamber space 4. S3. Air intake system access: Connect the main air duct from the tunnel inclined shaft 1 to the air intake interface 8 of the air chamber space 4, and continuously pressurize fresh air into the air chamber space 4 through the main fan; S4. Air outlet system layout: Relay fans 24 are installed at the first air outlet 9, the second air outlet 10, the third air outlet 11 and the fourth air outlet 12 in the air chamber space 4. S5. Relay air supply: Start the relay fan 24 to pressurize the fresh air in the air chamber space 4 and send it through each branch air duct to the main line high mileage face 13 far from the inclined shaft, the main line high mileage face 15 near the inclined shaft, the main line low mileage face 14 far from the inclined shaft, and the main line low mileage face 16 near the inclined shaft. S6. Traffic organization and management: Material transport vehicles are prohibited from passing through the closed ventilation space 4. Material transport vehicles are guided to detour through the unclosed cross passage 25 outside the ventilation space to enter the main line 3 near the inclined shaft for transportation. S7. Pollutant discharge: Pollutants generated at the main line face 13 (far from the inclined shaft) and face 14 (far from the inclined shaft) are discharged into the main line 3 (near the inclined shaft) via the unsealed cross passage 25 outside the wind tunnel space. They then flow together with pollutants generated at the main line face 15 (near the inclined shaft) and face 16 (near the inclined shaft) along the main line 3 (near the inclined shaft) towards the intersection 22 of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, as indicated by the pollutant airflow direction 19. Finally, they are discharged outside the tunnel through the inclined shaft 1.

[0035] In step S6, when large vehicles cannot pass through the unclosed cross passage 25 outside the ventilation space, they are allowed to pass through the closed door 18. A traffic light / traffic coordinator position 23 is set up at the unclosed cross passage 25 outside the ventilation space, as indicated by the material transport vehicle driving route 20, to guide traffic.

[0036] Example 8 The ventilation method for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel, as described in Example 7, and the integrated ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel, as described in the example, were used for ventilation of the No. 1 inclined shaft construction area of ​​a railway tunnel, as follows: Working Condition: A double-track railway tunnel is being constructed using inclined shafts. After the inclined shaft enters the main tunnel, four working faces need to be advanced simultaneously: the side furthest from the inclined shaft (larger mileage), the side furthest from the inclined shaft (smaller mileage), the side closest to the inclined shaft (larger mileage), and the side closest to the inclined shaft (smaller mileage). The original plan was to install two main ventilation fans at the inclined shaft opening, supplying air to the larger and smaller mileage faces respectively through two main ventilation ducts, thus creating an "F"-shaped ventilation system for train operation. However, this plan encountered problems such as difficulty in controlling airflow, damage to the ventilation ducts from the relay fans, and zero airflow velocity at the working faces and intersections.

[0037] System configuration and workflow: S1. Wind turbine foundation treatment: Within the main line away from the inclined shaft, a section of 837 meters between the No. 2 fire rescue cross passage and the No. 38 vehicle passage was selected as the ventilation chamber space. Concrete was poured into the drainage ditches on both sides of the tunnel within this section to make the drainage ditches flush with the bottom of the tunnel, and the entire bottom surface was leveled to eliminate air leakage channels. S2, Wind Tunnel Construction: At both ends of this section, namely at the No. 2 cross passage and the No. 38 vehicle passage, enclosed walls supported by steel trusses and covered with corrugated steel sheets are erected. The corrugated steel sheets are laid along the entire cross-section of the tunnel, and the sealant is used to reinforce the gaps between the sheets and the tunnel walls and the already poured drainage ditches. A passage opening is reserved in the middle of the corrugated steel sheets, and an enclosed door with reinforced plastic padding is installed. The size of the enclosed door is sufficient to accommodate large equipment such as three-arm rock drilling rigs and loaders. Simultaneously, the No. 2 fire rescue cross passage and the No. 38 vehicle passage within the ventilation chamber space are completely enclosed with corrugated steel sheets, and the gaps between the corrugated steel sheets and the cross passage walls are reinforced. After the ventilation chamber is formed, its volume is approximately 44,361 m³. 3 The air storage capacity is sufficient; S3, Air intake system connection: Connect the air ducts of the two main fans at the inclined shaft opening to the air inlet of the air chamber space, so that fresh air is continuously forced into the main air chamber on the side away from the inclined shaft. S4. Air outlet system layout: Four air outlets are provided, and four variable frequency relay fans are installed accordingly: The first air outlet is set at the end of the wind tunnel space near the main line on the side away from the inclined shaft, i.e., at the closed wall of the No. 38 vehicle passage, and connected to the first air duct, which extends along the main line on the side away from the inclined shaft to the working face of the large mileage. A second air outlet is set up at the end of the wind tunnel space near the main line on the side away from the inclined shaft, i.e. at the closed wall of the No. 2 horizontal passage, and connected to the second branch air duct, which extends along the main line on the side away from the inclined shaft to the working face at the small mileage. Within the ventilation chamber space, a third air outlet is set on the color steel plate sealing structure used to seal the No. 2 horizontal passage. The third relay fan is connected through an opening or an extended steel pipe. The third branch air pipe passes through the No. 2 horizontal passage and enters the main line near the inclined shaft, and then extends along the main line near the inclined shaft to the working face of the large mileage. Within the ventilation chamber space, a fourth air outlet is set on the color steel plate sealing structure used to block the No. 38 vehicle passage. The fourth relay fan is connected through an opening or an extended steel pipe. The fourth branch air pipe passes through the No. 38 vehicle passage and enters the main line near the inclined shaft, and then extends along the main line near the inclined shaft to the small mileage working face. S5, Intelligent Linked Air Supply: Sensors are installed at each working face to monitor the concentration of dust, CO, etc. in real time. When slag removal operations are carried out at a working face far from the main line on the inclined shaft side, generating a large amount of dust, the sensor data is uploaded to the PLC control system. The system determines that the air volume demand has increased and automatically commands the second relay fan to increase its speed and increase the air volume. At the same time, if the other three working faces are in low-air-demand processes such as support, their relay fans will maintain low-speed operation. The entire system realizes "air delivery on demand" and intelligently links and matches the air volume of the main fan at the inclined shaft head, ensuring stable air pressure in the ventilation chamber. S6. Traffic Organization and Management: After the ventilation chamber is formed, no material transport vehicles are allowed to pass through the enclosed ventilation chamber space. Only large equipment such as three-arm rock drilling rigs are allowed to enter through the closed gate when necessary. All material transport vehicles entering and exiting the working faces of the main line far from the inclined shaft side, whether large or small mileage, will enter the main line near the inclined shaft side via the cross passage outside the ventilation chamber space. The main line near the inclined shaft side will be used as a transport channel. When large vehicles cannot pass through the cross passage outside the ventilation chamber space, they can pass through closed gate 18. Traffic lights and traffic coordinators will be set up at the two cross passage entrances to guide traffic. At the same time, temporary steel plates will be laid and concrete will be poured in advance in the section of the main line near the inclined shaft side between cross passage No. 2 and vehicle passage No. 38 to ensure that the section has two-way traffic conditions and to ensure the efficiency of material transport. S7. Pollutant discharge: Pollutants generated at each working face are discharged according to a preset path: pollutants from the working faces at large and small mileages on the main line away from the inclined shaft are propelled by fresh air and flow along the main line to the transverse channels outside the air chamber space. After being guided by jet fans, they enter the main line near the inclined shaft through these two transverse channels; pollutants generated by the working faces at large and small mileages on the main line near the inclined shaft, together with pollutants from the main line away from the inclined shaft, flow along the main line near the inclined shaft towards the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and are finally discharged outside the tunnel at the inclined shaft location by jet fans. S8. Wind Tunnel Maintenance and Conversion: When the section of the main line away from the inclined shaft is completed or the construction phase changes and this ventilation shaft is no longer needed, the steel truss and color steel plate will be removed, the relevant materials will be recycled, and the traffic capacity of the main line away from the inclined shaft will be restored. Implementation Results: By applying the ventilation chamber structure and supporting traffic management scheme of this invention, the problem of zero return air velocity in the area from the tunnel face to the secondary lining trolley was effectively solved, simplifying the layout of ventilation ducts inside the tunnel and freeing up space for vehicle passage. Simultaneously, through intelligent frequency conversion regulation, ventilation energy consumption is expected to be reduced by approximately 20% to 30%, significantly improving the working environment at all four tunnel faces and ensuring the health of construction personnel and the progress of the project.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel, the double-track tunnel comprising a main line (2) on the side away from the inclined shaft, a main line (3) on the side near the inclined shaft, and an inclined shaft (1) arranged in parallel and connected by multiple transverse passages, characterized in that: The system includes a wind tunnel space (4), which is located within the main line (2) away from the inclined shaft. The wind tunnel space (4) has a first enclosed wall (5) and a second enclosed wall (6) on its front and rear sides, respectively. One side of the first enclosed wall (5) is close to the high-mileage working face (13) of the main line away from the inclined shaft. The high-mileage working face (13) of the main line away from the inclined shaft corresponds to the high-mileage working face (15) of the main line near the inclined shaft on the same side as the main line near the inclined shaft (3). One side of the second enclosed wall (6) is close to the low-mileage working face (14) of the main line away from the inclined shaft. The low-mileage working face (14) of the main line away from the inclined shaft corresponds to the low-mileage working face (16) of the main line near the inclined shaft on the same side as the main line near the inclined shaft (3). The wind tunnel space (4) contains... A transverse passage enclosed structure (7) is provided in the transverse passage connecting the main line (3) near the inclined shaft. An air inlet (8) is provided in the tunnel connecting the wind chamber space (4) to the inclined shaft (1). A second air outlet (10) is provided on the first enclosed wall (5). A first air outlet (9) is provided on the second enclosed wall (6). A fourth air outlet (12) is provided on the transverse passage of the wind chamber space (4) near the first air outlet (9). The fourth air outlet (12) leads to the small mileage working face (16) of the main line near the inclined shaft. A third air outlet (11) is provided on the transverse passage of the wind chamber space (4) near the second air outlet (10). The third air outlet (11) leads to the large mileage working face (15) of the main line near the inclined shaft.

2. The intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, A relay fan (24) is provided on the pipelines of the first air outlet (9), the second air outlet (10), the third air outlet (11) and the fourth air outlet (12).

3. The intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Drainage ditches (17) are provided on both sides of the tunnel in the air chamber space (4). The drainage ditches (17) are filled with concrete and are flush with the bottom surface of the tunnel in the air chamber space (4).

4. The intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first closed wall (5) and the second closed wall (6) are detachable structures, with steel trusses as the skeleton and color steel plates covering the outside. They are laid along the entire cross section of the tunnel. The first closed wall (5) and the second closed wall (6) are sealed with sealant or rubber strips between the tunnel wall, bottom surface and drainage ditch (17) in the ventilation space (4).

5. The intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first closed wall (5) and the second closed wall (6) have reserved passage openings in the middle, and the passage openings are equipped with closed doors (18). The closed doors (18) are provided with encrypted plastic pads, inflatable sealing strips or magnetic sealing strips on the door edges.

6. The intensive ventilation structure for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The relay fan (24) is a variable frequency fan. The relay fan (24) is connected to a ventilation control system. The ventilation control system is equipped with multiple environmental sensors. The environmental sensors are respectively set at the main line face at a large mileage (13) far from the inclined shaft, the main line face at a large mileage (15) near the inclined shaft, the main line face at a small mileage (14) far from the inclined shaft, and the main line face at a small mileage (16) near the inclined shaft, for real-time monitoring of dust concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and gas concentration.

7. A ventilation method for multi-face construction of a dual-track tunnel, employing the integrated ventilation chamber structure for multi-face construction of a dual-track tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Ventilation chamber foundation treatment: Select a section in the main line (2) away from the inclined shaft in the double-line tunnel as the ventilation chamber space (4), pour concrete on the drainage ditches (17) on both sides of the tunnel within the section to make them flush with the bottom of the tunnel, and flatten the bottom surface. S2. Wind cell construction: At both ends of the selected section, a first closed wall (5) and a second closed wall (6) supported by steel trusses and covered by color steel plates are erected respectively, and all cross passages within the section are closed as closed cross passages (21) within the wind cell space, forming a closed wind cell space (4). S3, Air intake system access: Connect the main air duct from the tunnel inclined shaft (1) to the air intake interface (8) of the air chamber space (4), and continuously press fresh air into the air chamber space (4) through the main fan. S4. Air outlet system layout: Relay fans (24) are installed at the first air outlet (9), second air outlet (10), third air outlet (11) and fourth air outlet (12) of the air chamber space (4). S5. Relay air supply: Start the relay fan (24) to pressurize the fresh air in the air chamber space (4) and send it through each branch air pipe to the main line high mileage working face (13) far from the inclined shaft, the main line high mileage working face (15) near the inclined shaft, the main line low mileage working face (14) far from the inclined shaft, and the main line low mileage working face (16) near the inclined shaft. S6. Traffic organization and management: The closed ventilation space (4) prohibits the passage of material transport vehicles. The material transport vehicles are guided to detour through the unclosed cross passage (25) outside the ventilation space to enter the main line (3) near the inclined shaft for transportation. S7. Pollutant discharge: Pollutants generated at the main line face at a large mileage (13) and the main line face at a small mileage (14) far from the inclined shaft are discharged into the main line near the inclined shaft (3) via the unsealed cross passage (25) outside the wind tunnel space. They flow together with pollutants generated at the main line face at a large mileage (15) and the main line face at a small mileage (16) near the inclined shaft along the main line near the inclined shaft (3) toward the intersection of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel (22), and are finally discharged outside the tunnel through the inclined shaft (1).

8. A ventilation method for multi-face construction of a double-track tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S6, when large vehicles cannot pass through the unclosed cross passage (25) outside the ventilation space, they are allowed to pass through the closed door (18). Traffic lights / traffic coordinators (23) are set up at the unclosed cross passage (25) outside the ventilation space to guide traffic.

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