Combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines

Abstract

This invention provides a combined heat and power system for an internal combustion engine, belonging to the field of combined heat and power technology. An internal combustion engine is connected to the outside via air and fuel passages. The internal combustion engine has a gas passage connected to the outside via a generator and a steam generator. The internal combustion engine also has a cooling medium passage connected to the outside. An absorber is connected to a second absorber via a solution heat exchanger. The second absorber is connected to the generator via a solution pump and a second solution heat exchanger. The generator is connected to a second generator via a second solution heat exchanger. The second generator is connected to the absorber via a second solution pump and a solution heat exchanger. The second generator is connected to the second absorber. The generator is connected to a condenser. The condenser is connected to an evaporator via the second generator and a throttle valve. The evaporator is connected to the low-pressure steam port of an injector. The condenser is connected to the high-pressure steam port of an injector via a second booster pump and a steam generator. The injector is connected to the absorber. The absorber, condenser, second absorber, and evaporator are connected to the outside via heat source medium passages, forming a combined heat and power system for an internal combustion engine.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power, refrigeration and heat pump technology. Background technology:

[0002] High-quality fuels, typically represented by natural gas, gasoline, and diesel, are high-temperature heat sources with temperatures exceeding several thousand degrees Celsius. Whether for power applications, heating and cooling utilization, or combined heat and power systems, it is necessary to minimize irreversible temperature losses and fully leverage the leading role of high-quality fuels.

[0003] Internal combustion engine devices that utilize high-quality fuel to achieve thermal conversion have the advantage of utilizing the thermal energy of the high-temperature section of the gas. The key issue is to effectively utilize the cooling heat load and the gas emission heat load.

[0004] Absorption heat pump technology has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and the ability to directly use thermal energy as a driving energy source; however, its working range and application fields are greatly limited by the properties of the solution and refrigerant medium.

[0005] An ejector is a pressure-boosting component with advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, low investment, and long service life. More importantly, an ejector is also a component that can effectively utilize high-temperature heat loads, which helps improve energy efficiency.

[0006] Based on the fundamental principles of simple and efficient use of high-quality fuels for refrigeration / heating / steam production / power, this invention presents a combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines that integrates technologies, has a reasonable process, low cost, wide parameter range, and achieves efficient energy utilization. Summary of the Invention:

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines. The specific contents of the invention are described in detail below:

[0008] 1. The combined heat and power system (CHP) for internal combustion engines mainly consists of an internal combustion engine, absorber, solution pump, second absorber, solution pump, second solution heat exchanger, generator, second generator, second solution pump, condenser, throttle valve, evaporator, injector, booster pump, and steam generator. It has an external air passage connecting to the internal combustion engine, an external fuel passage connecting to the internal combustion engine, a gas passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the generator and steam generator before connecting to the outside, and a cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the outside. The absorber has a dilute solution pipeline connected to the second absorber via the solution heat exchanger. The second absorber also has a dilute solution pipeline connected to the generator via the solution pump and second solution heat exchanger. The generator has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to the second generator via the second solution heat exchanger. The second generator also has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to the second... The solution pump and solution heat exchanger are connected to the absorber. The second generator also has a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the second absorber. The generator also has a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the condenser. The condenser also has a condensate pipeline connected to the second generator. The second generator then has a condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator via a throttling valve. The evaporator also has a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the ejector. The condenser also has a condensate pipeline connected to the steam generator via a booster pump. The steam generator also has a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the high-pressure steam inlet of the ejector. The ejector also has a medium-pressure refrigerant vapor channel connected to the absorber. The absorber and condenser also have heating medium channels connected to the outside. The second absorber also has a cooling medium channel connected to the outside. The evaporator also has a medium-temperature heat medium channel connected to the outside, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0009] 2. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system described in item 1, with the addition of a compressor and a high-temperature heat exchanger. The external air passage connecting to the internal combustion engine is adjusted to an external air passage connecting to the internal combustion engine via the compressor and the high-temperature heat exchanger. The high-temperature heat exchanger also has a high-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside. The internal combustion engine connects to the compressor and transmits power, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0010] 3. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system described in item 1, with the addition of a compressor, a heater, and a heat source regenerator. An external fuel passage connects the heater to the heater, and an external air passage connects the heater to the heater via the heat source regenerator. The heater also has a gas passage connecting it to the outside via the heat source regenerator. The external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine is adjusted to an external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the compressor and heater. The internal combustion engine connects to the compressor and transmits power, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0011] 4. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system described in item 1, with the addition of a compressor and a combustion chamber. An external fuel passage connects the combustion chamber to the internal combustion engine, and the external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the compressor connects the combustion chamber to the external air passage. The combustion chamber then has an initial gas passage connecting to the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine connects to the compressor and transmits power, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0012] 5. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is formed by adjusting the condenser's condensate pipeline connected to the steam generator via a booster pump to an external liquid medium pipeline connected to the steam generator via a booster pump; adjusting the evaporator's refrigerant vapor channel connected to the injector's low-pressure steam inlet to an evaporator's refrigerant vapor channel connected to the absorber; adjusting the absorber and condenser's respective heated medium channels connected to the outside to an external heated medium channel connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector after passing through the absorber and condenser; and adjusting the injector's medium-pressure refrigerant vapor channel connected to the absorber to an injector's user steam channel connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system; alternatively, the internal combustion engine's gas channel connected to the generator and steam generator, and then connected to the outside, may be adjusted to an internal combustion engine's gas channel connected to the steam generator and then connected to the outside.

[0013] 6. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a booster pump, a steam generator, and an injector to any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-4. The internal combustion engine's gas passage connection to the generator is adjusted to be connected to the generator via the new steam generator. The absorber and condenser's heating medium passage connection to the outside is adjusted to be connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the new injector via the absorber and condenser. An external liquid medium pipeline is connected to the new steam generator via the booster pump. The new steam generator also has a steam passage connecting to the high-pressure steam inlet of the new injector. The new injector also has a user steam passage connecting to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0014] 7. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a two-phase expander and replacing the throttle valve to any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-6, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0015] 8. The combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines is formed by adding an injection pipe and replacing the throttle valve to any of the combined heat and power systems for internal combustion engines described in items 1-6.

[0016] 9. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a second compressor to any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-6, adjusting the connection between the generator's refrigerant vapor passage and the condenser to a connection between the generator's refrigerant vapor passage and the condenser via the second compressor, and connecting the internal combustion engine to the second compressor to transmit power, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0017] 10. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a second compressor to any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-4 and 6, adjusting the connection between the injector refrigerant vapor passage and the absorber to connect the injector refrigerant vapor passage to the absorber via the second compressor, and connecting the internal combustion engine to the second compressor to transmit power, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0018] 11. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system described in any of items 1-4 and 6, with the addition of a new heater. The steam generator is changed from having a gas passage connected to the outside to having a gas passage connected to the outside via the new heater. The new heater also has a heated medium passage connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0019] 12. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system described in any of the items in item 5, wherein an additional heater is added, and the generator is adjusted from having a gas passage connected to the outside to having a gas passage connected to the outside via the additional heater. The additional heater also has a heated medium passage connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0020] 13. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by eliminating the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the outside and eliminating the evaporator and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside in any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-4 and 6; adjusting the second generator's condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator via a throttle valve and the evaporator's refrigerant vapor passage connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector to—the second generator's condensate pipeline connected to the internal combustion engine via a throttle valve, and then the internal combustion engine's refrigerant vapor passage connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0021] 14. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by eliminating the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the outside, and eliminating the evaporator and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside, in any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in items 1-4 and 6; adding a medium-temperature heat exchanger, and adjusting the second generator to have a condensate pipeline connected to the evaporator via a throttle valve and a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector, so that—after the second generator has a condensate pipeline connected to the internal combustion engine and the medium-temperature heat exchanger via a throttle valve, the medium-temperature heat exchanger has a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger also has a medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0022] 15. An internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is, in any of the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power systems described in item 5, wherein the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the outside is eliminated, and the evaporator and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside are eliminated; the second generator having a condensate line connected to the evaporator via a throttle valve and the evaporator having a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the absorber are adjusted to—the second generator having a condensate line connected to the internal combustion engine via a throttle valve, and then the internal combustion engine having a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the absorber, thus forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

[0023] 16. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is defined in any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in item 5, wherein the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine to the outside is eliminated, and the evaporator and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside are eliminated; a medium-temperature heat exchanger is added, and the second generator is connected to the evaporator via a condensate pipe through a throttling valve, and the evaporator is connected to the absorber via a refrigerant vapor passage. The system is adjusted so that the second generator is connected to the internal combustion engine and the medium-temperature heat exchanger via a condensate pipe through a throttling valve, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger is then connected to the absorber via a refrigerant vapor passage. The medium-temperature heat exchanger also has a medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system. Attached image description:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the seventh structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the ninth structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the 10th structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the 11th structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the 12th structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the 13th structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the 14th structure and process of the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines provided by the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram, 1-Absorber, 2-Solution pump, 3-Second absorber, 4-Solution pump, 5-Second solution heat exchanger, 6-Generator, 7-Generator, 8-Second solution pump, 9-Condenser, 10-Throttle valve, 11-Evaporator, 12-Ejector, 13-Boost pump, 14-Steam generator, 15-Two-phase expander, 16-Nozzle, 17-Second compressor, A-Internal combustion engine, B-Compressor, C-High-temperature heat exchanger, D-Heating furnace, E-Heat source regenerator, F-Combustion chamber, G-Added boost pump, H-Added steam generator, I-Added ejector, J-Added heater, K-Medium-temperature heat exchanger. Detailed implementation method:

[0039] First, it should be noted that the structure and process are not repeated unless necessary; obvious processes are not described. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0040] Figure 1 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0041] (1) Structurally, it mainly consists of an internal combustion engine, absorber, solution pump, second absorber, solution pump, second solution heat exchanger, generator, second generator, second solution pump, condenser, throttle valve, evaporator, injector, booster pump, and steam generator; externally, it has an air passage connected to internal combustion engine A, and an external fuel passage connected to internal combustion engine A. Internal combustion engine A also has a gas passage connected to generator 6 and second steam generator 74 before connecting to the outside. Internal combustion engine A also has a cooling medium passage connected to the outside. Absorber 1 has a dilute solution pipeline connected to second absorber 3 via solution heat exchanger 2. Second absorber 3 also has a dilute solution pipeline connected to generator 6 via solution pump 4 and second solution heat exchanger 5. Generator 6 also has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to second generator 7 via second solution heat exchanger 5. Second generator 7 also has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to second solution pump 8 and... The solution heat exchanger 2 is connected to the absorber 1. The second generator 7 is also connected to the second absorber 3 via a refrigerant vapor channel. The generator 6 is also connected to the condenser 9 via a refrigerant vapor channel. The condenser 9 is also connected to the second generator 7 via a condensate pipeline. The second generator 7 is then connected to the evaporator 11 via a throttle valve 10 via a condensate pipeline. The evaporator 11 is also connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the ejector 12 via a refrigerant vapor channel. The condenser 9 is also connected to the second steam generator 74 via a booster pump 13 via a condensate pipeline. The second steam generator 74 is also connected to the high-pressure steam inlet of the ejector 12 via a refrigerant vapor channel. The ejector 12 is also connected to the absorber 1 via a medium-pressure refrigerant vapor channel. The absorber 1 and the condenser 9 are also connected to the outside via heated medium channels. The second absorber 3 is also connected to the outside via a cooling medium channel. The evaporator 11 is also connected to the outside via a medium-temperature hot medium channel.

[0042] (2) In terms of process, external air enters internal combustion engine A, and external fuel enters internal combustion engine A. The fuel and air complete a series of processes, including combustion and expansion, in the cylinder of internal combustion engine A. The exhaust gas emitted by internal combustion engine A flows through generator 6 and steam generator 14 to gradually release heat and cool down before being discharged to the outside. The cooling medium flows through the cooling cylinder liner of internal combustion engine A to carry away the exhaust cooling heat load. The dilute solution of absorber 1 enters the second absorber 3 through solution heat exchanger 2, absorbs refrigerant vapor and releases heat to the cooling medium. The dilute solution of the second absorber 3 enters generator 6 through solution pump 4 and second solution heat exchanger 5. The exhaust gas flows through generator 6, heats the solution entering it, releases refrigerant vapor and supplies it to condenser 9. The concentrated solution of generator 6 enters the second generator 7 through second solution heat exchanger 5, absorbs heat and releases refrigerant vapor and supplies it to second absorber 3. The concentrated solution of the second generator 7 enters absorber 1 through second solution pump 8 and solution heat exchanger 2, absorbs refrigerant vapor and releases heat to the heated medium. The refrigerant vapor entering condenser 9 releases heat to the heated medium. The first stream of condensate discharged from condenser 9 flows through second generator 7 to release heat and cool down, then through throttle valve 10 to reduce pressure and temperature, and enters evaporator 11 to absorb heat and vaporize. The second stream of condensate discharged from condenser 9 flows through booster pump 13 to increase pressure and then enters steam generator 14 to absorb heat and vaporize. The refrigerant vapor discharged from steam generator 14 is provided to injector 12 as working steam. The working steam enters injector 12, flows through nozzles to reduce pressure and increase speed, and forms low pressure. The refrigerant vapor generated by evaporator 11 is drawn into the low-pressure zone of injector 12. After the two streams of steam are mixed, they flow through diffuser to reduce speed and increase pressure to form medium-pressure refrigerant vapor and are supplied to absorber 1. Fuel provides high-temperature driving heat load through combustion. Air and gas carry away the exhaust heat load through the inlet and outlet processes. The heated medium obtains heat load through absorber 1 and condenser 9. The cooling medium carries away the exhaust heat load through second absorber 3. The medium-temperature heat medium provides medium-temperature heat load through evaporator 11. The mechanical energy output by internal combustion engine A is provided to the outside as power, forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

[0043] Figure 2 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0044] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a compressor and a high-temperature heat exchanger are added. The external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine A is adjusted to connect the internal combustion engine A via the compressor B and the high-temperature heat exchanger C. The high-temperature heat exchanger C also has a high-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside. The internal combustion engine A is connected to the compressor B and transmits power.

[0045] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: external air flows through compressor B to increase its pressure and temperature, then flows through high-temperature heat exchanger C to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and then enters internal combustion engine A; the high-temperature heat medium provides the driving heat load through high-temperature heat exchanger C, and the mechanical energy output by internal combustion engine A provides power to compressor B and the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0046] Figure 3 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0047] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a compressor, a heater, and a heat source regenerator are added. There is an external fuel passage connected to the heater D, and an external air passage connected to the heater D via the heat source regenerator E. The heater D also has a gas passage connected to the outside via the heat source regenerator E. The external air passage connected to the internal combustion engine A is adjusted to an external air passage connected to the internal combustion engine A via the compressor B and the heater D. The internal combustion engine A is connected to the compressor B and transmits power.

[0048] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: external fuel enters the heater D, and external air flows through the heat source regenerator E to absorb heat and increase its temperature before entering the heater D. The fuel and air mix and burn in the heater D to form gas. The gas generated in the heater D releases heat to the compressed air flowing through it, then flows through the heat source regenerator E to release heat and decrease its temperature, and then is discharged to the outside. External air flows through the compressor B to increase its pressure and temperature, flows through the heater D to absorb heat and increase its temperature, and then enters the internal combustion engine A. The fuel provides the driving heat load through the heater D, and the mechanical energy output by the internal combustion engine A provides power to the compressor B and the outside, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0049] Figure 4 The energy-carrying internal combustion engine combined cycle heat pump system shown is implemented as follows:

[0050] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a compressor and a combustion chamber are added. An external fuel passage connects to the combustion chamber F. The external air passage connecting to the internal combustion engine A is adjusted to connect the external air passage to the combustion chamber F via the compressor B. The combustion chamber F then has an initial gas passage connecting to the internal combustion engine A. The internal combustion engine A is connected to the compressor B and transmits power.

[0051] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: external fuel enters the combustion chamber F, and external air flows through the compressor B to be pressurized and heated before entering the combustion chamber F; the fuel and compressed air mix and burn in the combustion chamber F to form an air-rich (oxygen-rich) initial combustion gas, which then enters the internal combustion engine A; the fuel provides the driving heat load through the combustion chamber F, and the mechanical energy output by the internal combustion engine A provides power to the compressor B and the external environment, thus forming the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0052] Figure 5 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0053] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the combined heat and power system of the internal combustion engine type shown, the internal combustion engine A is adjusted to have a gas passage connecting to the generator 6 and the steam generator 14 and then to be connected to the outside. The internal combustion engine A is adjusted to have a gas passage connecting to the steam generator 14 and the generator 6 and then to be connected to the outside. The condenser 9 is adjusted to have a condensate pipeline connected to the steam generator 14 via the booster pump 13 and then to have an external liquid medium pipeline connected to the steam generator 14 via the booster pump 13. The evaporator 11 is adjusted to have a refrigerant vapor passage connecting to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12 and then to have the evaporator 11 have a refrigerant vapor passage connecting to the absorber 1. The absorber 1 and the condenser 9 are respectively connected to the outside via heated medium passages and then to have external heated medium passages connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12 via the absorber 1 and the condenser 9. The injector 12 is adjusted to have a medium-pressure refrigerant vapor passage connecting to the absorber 1 and then to have the injector 12 have a user steam passage connecting to the outside.

[0054] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: the exhaust gas emitted by internal combustion engine A flows through steam generator 14 and generator 6, gradually releasing heat and cooling down before being discharged to the outside; the external liquid medium flows through booster pump 13 to increase pressure, flows through steam generator 14 to absorb heat and vaporize, and is then supplied to injector 12 as working steam; the condensate discharged from condenser 9 flows through second generator 7 and releases heat, flows through throttle valve 10 to decrease pressure and temperature, then enters evaporator 11 to absorb heat and vaporize, and is then supplied to absorber 1; the heated medium flows through absorber 1 and condenser 9 to gradually absorb heat and vaporize, and is then supplied to injector 12; the working steam enters injector 12, flows through nozzles to decrease pressure and increase speed to form low pressure, and the steam emitted from condenser 9 is drawn into the low-pressure zone of injector 12. After the two steam streams mix, they flow through diffuser to decrease speed and increase pressure to form medium-pressure steam and are supplied to the user; the user receives steam-type heat load, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0055] Figure 6 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0056] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the combined heat and power system of the internal combustion engine shown, a new booster pump, a new steam generator, and a new injector are added. The connection between the internal combustion engine A and the generator 6 is adjusted so that the internal combustion engine A has a gas passage connected to the generator 6 via the new steam generator H. The connection between the absorber 1 and the condenser 9 and the external environment is adjusted so that the external environment has a heated medium passage connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the new injector I after passing through the absorber 1 and the condenser 9. The external environment has a liquid medium pipeline connected to the new steam generator H via the new booster pump G. The new steam generator H also has a steam passage connected to the high-pressure steam inlet of the new injector I. The new injector I also has a user steam passage connected to the external environment.

[0057] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: the heated medium flows through absorber 1 and condenser 9, gradually absorbing heat and vaporizing, and then supplies it to the newly added injector I; the exhaust gas emitted by internal combustion engine A flows through the newly added steam generator H, generator 6 and steam generator 14, gradually releasing heat and cooling down, and then is discharged to the outside; the external liquid medium flows through the newly added booster pump G, is pressurized, and then enters the newly added steam generator H, absorbing heat and vaporizing. The steam generated by the newly added steam generator H is supplied to the newly added injector I as working steam. The working steam enters the newly added injector I, flows through the nozzle to reduce pressure and increase speed, and forms a low-pressure system. The steam emitted by condenser 9 is drawn into the low-pressure zone of the newly added injector I. After the two steam streams are mixed, they flow through the diffuser to reduce speed and increase pressure, forming medium-pressure steam, which is then supplied to the user; the user receives a steam-type heat load, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0058] Figure 7 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0059] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a two-phase expander 15 is added and replaces the throttle valve 10.

[0060] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared with the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that: the condensate discharged from the second generator 7 flows through the two-phase expander 15 to reduce pressure and do work, and then enters the evaporator 11 to absorb heat and vaporize; the mechanical energy output by the two-phase expander 15 is provided to the outside to do power, forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

[0061] Figure 8 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0062] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the combined heat and power system of the internal combustion engine shown, a nozzle 16 is added and the throttle valve 10 is replaced.

[0063] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that the condensate discharged from the second generator 7 flows through the nozzle 16 to reduce pressure and increase speed, and then enters the evaporator 11 to absorb heat and vaporize, forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0064] Figure 9 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0065] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a second compressor 17 is added, and the refrigerant vapor passage of generator 6 is connected to condenser 9. The connection is adjusted so that the refrigerant vapor passage of generator 6 is connected to condenser 9 via second compressor 17. Internal combustion engine A is connected to second compressor 17 and transmits power.

[0066] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that the refrigerant vapor discharged from the generator 6 flows through the second compressor 17 to increase its pressure and temperature, and then enters the condenser 9 to release heat and condense; the internal combustion engine A provides driving mechanical energy to the second compressor 17, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

[0067] Figure 10 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0068] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a second compressor 17 is added, and the refrigerant vapor passage of the injector 12 is connected to the absorber 1. The refrigerant vapor passage of the injector 12 is connected to the absorber 1 via the second compressor 17. The internal combustion engine A is connected to the second compressor 17 and transmits power.

[0069] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that: the refrigerant vapor discharged by the injector 12 flows through the second compressor 17 to be pressurized and heated, and then enters the absorber 1 to release heat and condense; the internal combustion engine A provides driving mechanical energy to the second compressor 17, forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

[0070] Figure 11 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0071] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, a new heater J is added, and the steam generator 14 is changed from having a gas passage connected to the outside to having a gas passage connected to the outside via the new heater J. The new heater J also has a heated medium passage connected to the outside.

[0072] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared with the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that the gas emitted by the internal combustion engine A flows through the generator 6, the steam generator 14 and the newly added heater J to gradually release heat and cool down before being discharged to the outside; the heated medium obtains the heating load through the newly added heater J, forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

[0073] Figure 12 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0074] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine 1 to the outside is removed, as are the evaporator 11 and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside. The connection between the second generator 7 and the evaporator 11 via the throttle valve 10, and the connection between the evaporator 11 and the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12 via the refrigerant vapor passage, are adjusted to: the second generator 7 has a condensate passage connecting to the internal combustion engine 1 via the throttle valve 10, and then the internal combustion engine 1 has a refrigerant vapor passage connecting to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12.

[0075] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1 Compared to the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that the condensate discharged from the second generator 7 flows through the throttle valve 10 to reduce pressure and temperature, flows through the internal combustion engine A to cool the cylinder liner and absorb heat to vaporize, and then enters the injector 12 through the low-pressure steam inlet to form the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0076] Figure 13 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0077] (1) Structurally, in Figure 1 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine 1 to the outside is removed, as are the evaporator 11 and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside. A medium-temperature heat exchanger K is added. The second generator 7 is connected to the evaporator 11 via a throttle valve 10, and the evaporator 11 is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12 via a refrigerant vapor passage. The system is adjusted so that the second generator 7 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1 and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K via a throttle valve 10, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector 12 via a refrigerant vapor passage. The medium-temperature heat exchanger K is also connected to the outside via a medium-temperature heat medium passage.

[0078] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 1Compared to the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the difference lies in the following: the condensate discharged from the second generator 7 flows through the throttle valve 10 to reduce pressure and temperature, then flows through the internal combustion engine A to cool the cylinder liner and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K to gradually absorb heat and vaporize, and then enters the injector 12 through the low-pressure steam inlet; the medium-temperature heat medium provides medium-temperature heat load through the medium-temperature heat exchanger K, forming the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0079] Figure 14 The combined heat and power system for the internal combustion engine shown is implemented as follows:

[0080] (1) Structurally, in Figure 5 In the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine 1 to the outside is removed, as are the evaporator 11 and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside. A medium-temperature heat exchanger K is added. The second generator 7 is connected to the evaporator 11 via a condensate pipe through a throttle valve 10, and the evaporator 11 is connected to the absorber 1 via a refrigerant vapor passage. The system is adjusted so that the second generator 7 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1 and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K via a throttle valve 10, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K is then connected to the absorber 1 via a refrigerant vapor passage. The medium-temperature heat exchanger K also has a medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside.

[0081] (2) In terms of process, with Figure 5 Compared with the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system shown, the difference is that: the condensate discharged from the second generator 7 flows through the throttle valve 10 to reduce pressure and temperature, flows through the internal combustion engine A to cool the cylinder liner and the medium-temperature heat exchanger K to gradually absorb heat and vaporize, and then enters the absorber 1 to release heat and condense; the medium-temperature heat medium provides medium-temperature heat load through the medium-temperature heat exchanger K, forming the internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

[0082] The effects achievable by this invention—the combined heat and power system for internal combustion engines proposed in this invention has the following effects and advantages:

[0083] (1) New ideas and methods for utilizing temperature difference are presented.

[0084] (2) A new technology for cogeneration using high-quality fuels has been developed.

[0085] (3) The high-temperature heat load of high-quality fuel combustion products enables gradual and in-depth utilization, significantly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0086] (4) New technologies for the efficient and high-value utilization of high-quality fuels in refrigeration / heating / steam / power production and combined cooling / heating / steam / power supply are presented.

[0087] (5) Energy sharing to enhance the efficient and high-value utilization of different energy types.

[0088] (6) Technological integration, giving full play to the advantages of absorption technology and jet technology, and improving the range of working parameters.

[0089] (7) By leveraging the technological advantages of the injector, the shortcomings of the absorption technology can be overcome, and the range of working parameters can be improved.

[0090] (8) Provides a variety of specific technical solutions that can cope with many different actual situations, which is conducive to expanding the application scope and value of internal combustion engine combined heat and power system technology.

Claims

1. The internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system mainly consists of an internal combustion engine, absorber, solution pump, second absorber, solution pump, second solution heat exchanger, generator, second generator, second solution pump, condenser, throttle valve, evaporator, injector, booster pump and steam generator; it has an external air passage connected to the internal combustion engine (A), an external fuel passage connected to the internal combustion engine (A), and the internal combustion engine (A) also has a gas passage connected to the generator (6) and steam generator (14) before being connected to the outside. The machine (A) also has a cooling medium channel connected to the outside. The absorber (1) has a dilute solution pipeline connected to the second absorber (3) via the solution heat exchanger (2). The second absorber (3) also has a dilute solution pipeline connected to the generator (6) via the solution pump (4) and the second solution heat exchanger (5). The generator (6) also has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to the second generator (7) via the second solution heat exchanger (5). The second generator (7) also has a concentrated solution pipeline connected to the second solution pump (8) and the solution heat exchanger (2). The second generator (7) is connected to the absorber (1), and the second generator (6) is also connected to the second absorber (3) via a refrigerant vapor channel. The generator (6) is also connected to the condenser (9) via a refrigerant vapor channel. The condenser (9) is also connected to the second generator (7) via a condensate line. The second generator (7) is then connected to the evaporator (11) via a throttle valve (10). The evaporator (11) is also connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the ejector (12) via a refrigerant vapor channel. The condenser (9) is also connected to the condensate line. The system is connected to the booster pump (13) and the steam generator (14). The steam generator (14) also has a refrigerant steam channel connected to the high-pressure steam inlet of the ejector (12). The ejector (12) also has a medium-pressure refrigerant steam channel connected to the absorber (1). The absorber (1) and the condenser (9) also have heated medium channels connected to the outside. The second absorber (3) also has a cooling medium channel connected to the outside. The evaporator (11) also has a medium-temperature heat medium channel connected to the outside, forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

2. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, wherein a compressor and a high-temperature heat exchanger are added, and the external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine (A) is adjusted to connect the internal combustion engine (A) via the compressor (B) and the high-temperature heat exchanger (C), and the high-temperature heat exchanger (C) also has a high-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside; the internal combustion engine (A) is connected to the compressor (B) and transmits power, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

3. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, with the addition of a compressor, a heater, and a heat source regenerator. An external fuel passage connects the heater (D), and an external air passage connects the heater (D) via the heat source regenerator (E). The heater (D) also has a gas passage connecting it to the outside via the heat source regenerator (E). The external air passage connecting the internal combustion engine (A) is adjusted to connect the internal combustion engine (A) via the compressor (B) and the heater (D). The internal combustion engine (A) is connected to the compressor (B) and transmits power, forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

4. An internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, wherein a compressor and a combustion chamber are added, and an external fuel passage is connected to the combustion chamber (F). The external air passage connected to the internal combustion engine (A) is adjusted to an external air passage connected to the combustion chamber (F) via the compressor (B). The combustion chamber (F) is then connected to the internal combustion engine (A) via an initial gas passage. The internal combustion engine (A) is connected to the compressor (B) and transmits power, thus forming an internal combustion engine-type combined heat and power system.

5. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adjusting the condenser (9) to have a condensate pipeline connected to the steam generator (14) via a booster pump (13) and an external liquid medium pipeline connected to the steam generator (14) via the booster pump (13), adjusting the evaporator (11) to have a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) and adjusting the evaporator (11) to have a refrigerant vapor channel connected to the absorber (1), adjusting the absorber (1) and condenser (9) to have heated medium channels connected to the outside and adjusting the external heated medium channels to have heated medium channels connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) after passing through the absorber (1) and condenser (9), and adjusting the injector (12) to have a medium-pressure refrigerant vapor channel connected to the absorber (1) and adjusting the injector (12) to have a user steam channel connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system; wherein, Alternatively, the internal combustion engine (A) may be connected to the generator (6) and steam generator (14) via a gas passage and then connected to the outside, or the internal combustion engine (A) may be connected to the steam generator (14) and generator (6) via a gas passage and then connected to the outside.

6. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system according to any one of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in claims 1-4, with the addition of a booster pump, a steam generator, and an injector. The internal combustion engine (A) is adjusted to have a gas passage connected to the generator (6) via the booster steam generator (H) and the generator (6). The absorber (1) and condenser (9) are adjusted to have heated medium passages connected to the outside via the absorber (1) and condenser (9) and then connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the booster injector (I). The outside has a liquid medium pipeline connected to the booster pump (G) and the booster steam generator (H). The booster steam generator (H) also has a steam passage connected to the high-pressure steam inlet of the booster injector (I). The booster injector (I) also has a user steam passage connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

7. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a two-phase expander (15) and replacing the throttle valve (10) to any one of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in claims 1-6, thereby forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

8. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a nozzle (16) and replacing the throttle valve (10) to any one of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in claims 1-6, thereby forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

9. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is formed by adding a second compressor (17) to any of the internal combustion engine combined heat and power systems described in claims 1-6, adjusting the generator (6) to have a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the condenser (9) so that the generator (6) has a refrigerant vapor passage connected to the condenser (9) via the second compressor (17), and the internal combustion engine (A) is connected to the second compressor (17) and transmits power, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

10. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system according to any one of claims 1-4 and 6, wherein a second compressor (17) is added, and the refrigerant vapor passage of the injector (12) is connected to the absorber (1) and adjusted so that the refrigerant vapor passage of the injector (12) is connected to the absorber (1) via the second compressor (17), and the internal combustion engine (A) is connected to the second compressor (17) and transmits power, thereby forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

11. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system according to any one of claims 1-4 and 6, wherein a new heater (J) is added, and the steam generator (14) is adjusted to have a gas passage connected to the outside so that the steam generator (14) has a gas passage connected to the outside through the new heater (J), and the new heater (J) also has a heated medium passage connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

12. An internal combustion engine combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system according to any one of claims 5, wherein a new heater (J) is added, and the generator (6) is adjusted to have a gas passage connected to the outside so that the generator (6) has a gas passage connected to the outside through the new heater (J), and the new heater (J) also has a heated medium passage connected to the outside, thus forming an internal combustion engine combined heat and power system.

13. An internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system according to any one of the claims 1-4 and 6, wherein the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine (1) to the outside is removed, the evaporator (11) and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside are removed; the second generator (7) is connected to the evaporator (11) via a throttle valve (10) and the evaporator (11) is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) via a refrigerant vapor passage, and the second generator (7) is connected to the internal combustion engine (1) via a throttle valve (10), and the internal combustion engine (1) is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) via a refrigerant vapor passage, and thus an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is formed.

14. An internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is, in any of the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power systems described in claims 1-4 and 6, the cooling medium channel connecting the internal combustion engine (1) to the outside is removed, the evaporator (11) and its medium-temperature heat medium channel connecting to the outside are removed; a medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is added, and the second generator (7) is connected to the evaporator (11) via a throttle valve (10) and the evaporator (11) is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) via a refrigerant vapor channel, and all are adjusted to be that the second generator (7) is connected to the internal combustion engine (1) and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) via a throttle valve (10), and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is connected to the low-pressure steam inlet of the injector (12) via a refrigerant vapor channel, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is also connected to the outside via a medium-temperature heat medium channel, thus forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

15. An internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is formed by eliminating the cooling medium passage connecting the internal combustion engine (1) to the outside and eliminating the evaporator (11) and its medium-temperature heat medium passage connecting to the outside in any of the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power systems described in claim 5; adjusting the second generator (7) to be connected to the evaporator (11) via a condensate pipe through a throttle valve (10) and the evaporator (11) to be connected to the absorber (1) via a refrigerant vapor passage, and then adjusting the second generator (7) to be connected to the internal combustion engine (1) via a condensate pipe through a throttle valve (10) and the internal combustion engine (1) to be connected to the absorber (1) via a refrigerant vapor passage, thereby forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

16. An internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system is, in any of the internal combustion engine type combined heat and power systems described in claim 5, wherein the cooling medium channel connecting the internal combustion engine (1) to the outside is removed, the evaporator (11) and its medium-temperature heat medium channel connecting to the outside are removed; a medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is added, and the second generator (7) is connected to the evaporator (11) via a throttle valve (10) and the evaporator (11) is connected to the absorber (1) via a refrigerant vapor channel, and all are adjusted to such that the second generator (7) is connected to the internal combustion engine (1) and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) via a throttle valve (10), and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is connected to the absorber (1) via a refrigerant vapor channel, and the medium-temperature heat exchanger (K) is also connected to the outside via a medium-temperature heat medium channel, thus forming an internal combustion engine type combined heat and power system.

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