An adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger and system

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger and system, including a shell adaptable to the special spatial structure of a ship, a tube-side inlet pipe, a tube-side outlet pipe, a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle, a composite baffle structure, and an external expansion joint; the shell is provided with a shell-side inlet water-collecting pipe and a shell-side outlet water-collecting pipe at both ends; the external expansion joint is located in the middle of the shell, and a bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe is provided near the external expansion joint; a section of the tube bundle corresponding to the axial position of the external expansion joint is a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle; the composite baffle structure includes multiple sets of composite baffle components arranged alternately along the axial direction of the tube bundle, including plate-rod composite baffle components and / or pure plate staggered inclined baffle components; the heat exchanger is configured with a water-collecting heat exchange mode without additional power and a forced heat exchange mode driven by a bottom pump under different navigation conditions, realizing the synergistic optimization of heat transfer enhancement, resistance reduction, stress reduction, and multi-mode heat exchange.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, and particularly relates to an adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger and system. Background Technology

[0002] As the core equipment of a ship's cooling system, the heat exchanger's efficiency, operational reliability, and energy consumption directly affect the overall performance of the ship's propulsion system, equipment lifespan, and navigation economy. The ship's engine room, as the primary application scenario for heat exchangers, is characterized by limited space, fluctuating operating conditions, frequent vibrations and shocks, and complex media. This places higher demands on the structural adaptability, vibration and fatigue resistance, and multi-condition adjustment performance of heat exchangers.

[0003] Currently, shell-and-tube heat exchangers remain the mainstream type of heat exchange system in ships, with the bow-shaped baffle heat exchanger being the most widely used. This type of heat exchanger can enhance heat exchange to some extent by guiding the shell-side fluid to periodically and frequently swoop across the tube bundle through the bow-shaped baffles. However, it also has inherent technical drawbacks: First, the multiple abrupt changes in the flow direction of the fluid on the shell side lead to a significant increase in friction resistance; second, a flow dead zone inevitably forms at the rear end of the baffles, resulting in wasted heat exchange area and increased localized fouling; third, the lateral scouring of the fluid easily causes vibration (i.e., flow-induced vibration), which leads to wear of the heat exchange tube bundle and failure of the tube sheet connection over long-term operation.

[0004] To effectively reduce shell-side friction resistance, novel baffle structures characterized by longitudinal fluid flow in the shell side and spiral baffle structures characterized by oblique helical fluid flow have been proposed and applied. However, these structures also have their limitations. First, the baffle structure relies on the baffle rod to support the tube bundle and guide the longitudinal flow of the fluid outside the tube to achieve heat exchange, resulting in limited heat transfer enhancement. Furthermore, in actual assembly, the baffle structure can only achieve point contact support for the tube bundle, and cannot completely fix and constrain it. At high shell-side flow velocities, the tube bundle vibrates strongly and is prone to local damage at the contact surface due to frequent collisions with the baffle rod, affecting the long-term safe operation of the equipment. Second, although the spiral baffle structure can continuously propel the fluid along the shell axis in a spiral manner, its core design relies on the compatibility between the axisymmetry of the circular shell and the continuous curved surface. This is not suitable for irregularly shaped shells in confined spaces, and may further cause problems such as increased dead zones, internal leakage, and uneven flow fields. Furthermore, spiral baffles present a series of processing challenges, including high-precision forming of irregularly shaped plates, precise control of the helix angle, and effective fitting of the baffle to the inner wall of the shell. Irregularly shaped shells further amplify these challenges. Therefore, this patent utilizes the structural characteristics of baffle rods and spiral baffles, combining them with existing bow-shaped baffles to better adapt them to the heat exchange requirements of confined spaces.

[0005] In addition, the heat exchange tubes of existing heat exchangers are mostly rigid structures, which cannot absorb the thermal expansion and deformation caused by alternating hot and cold temperatures. This easily leads to thermal stress, which, combined with the severe vibrations in the ship's engine room, can easily cause fatigue cracking of the heat exchange tubes and tube sheets. The heat exchange mode is mostly single forced heat exchange, with each piece of equipment operating independently during ship navigation, resulting in high energy consumption and poor economic efficiency. Furthermore, the overall structure is mostly an integrated design, which makes it difficult to meet the maintenance requirements of the narrow space in the ship's engine room.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously solve problems such as heat transfer and resistance balance, vibration and fatigue resistance, multi-condition adaptability, and convenient maintenance. There is an urgent need for a new type of adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger that integrates multiple innovative structures to specifically solve the above-mentioned technical problems and adapt to the special operating conditions of ship engine rooms. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention discloses an adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger, comprising an irregularly shaped shell adaptable to the special spatial structure of a ship, tube-side inlet pipes, shell-side water-collecting inlet pipes, self-compensating heat exchange tube bundles, composite baffle structure, and external expansion joints. The heat exchanger is configured with a water-collecting heat exchange mode without additional power and a forced heat exchange mode driven by a bottom pump under different navigation conditions, achieving synergistic optimization of heat transfer enhancement, resistance reduction, stress relief, and multi-mode heat exchange. This significantly improves the reliability, adaptability, and economy of the equipment under harsh conditions such as the narrow space of the ship's engine room, severe vibration, sudden temperature changes, and complex media.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, the present invention provides an adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger, comprising a shell adaptable to the special spatial structure of a ship, a tube-side inlet pipe, a tube-side outlet pipe, a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle, a composite baffle structure, and an external expansion joint. The shell has a shell-side inlet water catch pipe and a shell-side outlet water catch pipe at its two ends, respectively. The external expansion joint is located in the middle of the shell, and a bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe is located near the external expansion joint. A section of the tube bundle with an axial position corresponding to the external expansion joint is a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle. The composite baffle structure includes multiple sets of composite baffle components arranged alternately along the tube bundle axis. The composite baffle components include plate-rod composite baffle components and / or pure plate staggered inclined baffle components.

[0009] Furthermore, the shape of the composite baffle assembly is adapted to the shape of the housing, and an installation gap is left between the outer edge of the composite baffle assembly and the inner wall of the housing; the composite baffle assemblies are connected by tie rods and spacer tubes to form a modular structure.

[0010] Furthermore, in the plate-rod composite baffle assembly, each baffle plate is divided into two or four quadrant regions, with the upper and lower regions being the baffle rod and baffle plate regions, respectively. Two regions arranged diagonally in the four quadrant regions are the baffle plate regions, and the other two regions arranged diagonally are the baffle rod regions. The regions of adjacent baffle plates are staggered. Non-circular tube holes are provided on the baffle plate regions for the self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle to pass through. The non-circular tube holes can be any of the following shapes: plum blossom, oval, or fan-shaped. The baffle rod regions are composed of multiple parallel baffle rods with circular, elliptical, teardrop, or rectangular cross-sections.

[0011] Furthermore, in each baffle plate surface, the area ratio of the baffle plate region to the baffle rod region is 4:1 to 1:4. When each baffle plate surface is divided into upper and lower regions, in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, the baffle rods are arranged spatially orthogonally. When each baffle plate surface is divided into four quadrant regions, in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, the baffle plate region and the baffle rod region are arranged spatially orthogonally, and the baffle rods are arranged spatially orthogonally.

[0012] Furthermore, the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly includes multiple sets of inclined baffle plates arranged at intervals along the tube bundle axis; each set of inclined baffle plates includes at least two mutually separated pure plate baffle plate units, and the plate surface of each baffle plate unit forms an inclined angle of 30° to 60° with the tube bundle axis.

[0013] Furthermore, the inclined baffle groups adjacent along the tube bundle axis have parallel flow channels between the previous set of baffle units corresponding to the cross-section of the area covered by the next set of baffle units, so that the shell-side fluid forms multiple staggered oblique flows that obliquely sweep across the surface of the heat exchange tube bundle.

[0014] Furthermore, the self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle includes heat exchange tubes with elastic compensation sections, and an expansion joint is provided on the outside of the shell; the elastic compensation section of the self-compensating heat exchange tube is a corrugated tube or annular groove structure, and its axial compensation amount is not less than 5‰ of the length of the heat exchange tube, and the material is the same as that of the heat exchange tube body.

[0015] Furthermore, the shell-side inlet drain pipe and the shell-side outlet drain pipe are located on the top shell side of the heat exchanger, and the shell-side forced inlet pipe is located in the central area of ​​the bottom of the heat exchanger; the inner walls of the shell-side inlet drain pipe, the shell-side outlet drain pipe, and the shell-side forced inlet pipe are coated with a seawater-resistant and scale-resistant coating, and each is equipped with a removable filter screen; the openings of the shell-side inlet drain pipe and the shell-side outlet drain pipe face opposite directions.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention provides an operating method for the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger as described above, which is used in a ship heat exchange system. When the ship is moored or the main engine is operating at low load, it switches to a forced heat exchange mode. The shell-side medium is driven by an external pump through the bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe to enter the shell for forced circulation heat exchange. When the ship is sailing or the main engine is running at full load, it switches to the no-additional-power water-cooling heat exchange mode. The shell-side medium enters the shell through the shell-side inlet water-cooling pipe due to the speed difference generated by the ship's sailing, and is guided by the composite baffle structure to form a natural circulation heat exchange.

[0017] The present invention can also provide a heat exchange system that uses the above-mentioned adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following significant advantages: The composite baffle structure proposed in this application combines the enhanced heat transfer advantages of baffle plates with the low resistance advantages of baffle rods, and coordinates the different heat transfer modes during ship navigation and berthing during heat exchanger operation to achieve synergistic control of enhanced heat transfer and flow resistance under different operating conditions. Compared with single baffle and baffle rod structures, the total shell-side pressure drop is reduced, the heat transfer coefficient is increased, and the overall heat transfer performance is significantly improved. Through the elastic compensation effect of the self-compensating heat exchange tubes and the synergistic cooperation of the external expansion joint, various expansion deformations during equipment operation are effectively absorbed, significantly reducing stress. At the same time, the baffle assembly provides stable support for the tube bundle, and combined with the buffering and vibration reduction effect of the self-compensating structure, it can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the tube bundle, extend the fatigue life of the equipment, and greatly alleviate the equipment damage caused by temperature difference stress and fluid vibration.

[0019] Based on the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger described in this invention, the heat exchange mode can be flexibly adjusted for different navigation modes: the water-lifting heat exchange mode without additional power and the forced heat exchange mode can cover the entire range of operating conditions such as ship berthing, low load, and full load navigation, realizing flexible switching between low-energy water-lifting and high-efficiency forced heat exchange, accurately adapting to the heat exchange requirements of different operating conditions, and achieving significant energy-saving effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the heat exchanger features spatial adaptability and corrosion and scale resistance: its irregularly shaped shell design allows for flexible adaptation to narrow and complex spaces, improving space utilization; core components are coated with a special anti-corrosion and scale-resistant coating, and the internal pipes are equipped with filters, which can effectively resist corrosion from seawater and engine room media, inhibit scale deposition, extend equipment life and cleaning cycle, and make overall maintenance more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 1bThis is a cross-sectional view along the tube bundle of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the plate-rod composite baffle assembly of the present invention, in which each baffle plate is divided into upper and lower regions. Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure in the plate-rod composite baffle assembly of the present invention, in which each baffle plate is divided into four quadrant regions. Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly of the present invention; Figure 2c This is a side view of the assembly structure of the pure plate staggered inclined baffle component of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram showing that each baffle plate in a plate-rod composite baffle assembly is divided into upper and lower regions. Figure 3b A schematic diagram showing the division of each baffle plate surface into upper and lower regions in another type of plate-rod composite baffle assembly; Figure 3c A schematic diagram showing that each baffle plate in a plate-rod composite baffle assembly is divided into four quadrant regions; Figure 3d To and Figure 3c The diagram shows the structure of an adjacent plate-rod composite baffle assembly, where each baffle plate is divided into four quadrant regions.

[0023] Figure 4a The baffle plate in the baffle assembly of this invention has a quincunx-shaped bore. Figure 4b In this invention, the cross-section of the baffle plate hole in the baffle assembly is a fan-shaped pipe. Figure 4c The baffle plate in the baffle assembly of this invention has an oval-shaped cross-section.

[0024] Figure 5a In this invention, the cross-section of the baffle rod in the composite baffle assembly is a rectangular baffle rod; Figure 5b In this invention, the cross-section of the baffle rod in the composite baffle assembly is circular. Figure 5c In this invention, the cross-section of the baffle rod in the composite baffle assembly is an elliptical baffle rod; Figure 5d The cross-section of the baffle rod in the composite baffle assembly of the present invention is a teardrop-shaped baffle rod.

[0025] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of the internal fluid flow in the water-collecting heat exchange mode without additional power according to the present invention. Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of the internal fluid flow in the forced heat exchange mode driven by the bottom pump of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of the first type of corrugated expansion joint of the present invention. Figure 7b Side view of the corrugated expansion joint; Figure 7c This is a schematic diagram of the second type of adaptive heat exchanger tube expansion joint of the present invention. Figure 7d This is a side view of the adaptive heat exchanger tube expansion joint.

[0027] In the attached diagram, 1-shell, 2-front head, 3-rear head, 4-tube-side inlet pipe, 5-tube-side outlet pipe, 6-shell-side inlet drain pipe, 7-shell-side outlet drain pipe, 8-self-compensating heat exchanger tube bundle, 9-external expansion joint, 10-support structure, 11-bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe, 12-front tube sheet, 13-rear tube sheet, 14-spaced tube, 15-tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1, an adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger includes a shell 1, a front end cap 2, a rear end cap 3, a tube-side inlet pipe 4, a tube-side outlet pipe 5, a shell-side inlet water catch pipe 6, a shell-side outlet water catch pipe 7, a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle 8, a composite baffle structure, and an external expansion joint 9. The front end cap 2 and the rear end cap 3 are provided at both ends of the shell 1. The front tube sheet 12 and the rear tube sheet 13 are respectively provided on the inner sides of the front end cap 2 and the rear end cap 3 at both ends of the shell 1. The external part also includes a support structure 10 for support and a bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe 11. The composite baffle structure includes multiple sets of composite baffle components arranged alternately along the tube bundle axis. The composite baffle components include plate-rod composite baffle components and pure plate staggered inclined baffle components, which can be used alone or in combination. The plate-rod composite baffle assembly includes the bow-shaped plate-rod composite baffle assembly and the fancy plate-rod composite baffle assembly. The composite baffle assembly adopts the plate-rod composite baffle assembly or the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly, or the plate-rod composite baffle assembly and the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly can be installed together. The shell 1 is an irregularly shaped shell adaptable to the ship's spatial structure; the shape of the composite baffle structure is adapted to the irregularly shaped shell, and its outer edge is adapted to the inner wall of the shell with an installation gap; the baffle components are fixedly connected by spacer tubes 14 and tie rods 15 to form a modular structure; by designing the shell to adapt to the special spatial structure of the ship, the heat exchanger can be installed in the irregular compartment of the ship. The external expansion joint 9 set in the middle of the shell 1 cooperates with the axially corresponding self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle to absorb the thermal expansion difference between the tube and shell sides and prevent thermal stress damage; the bottom shell side forced inlet pipe 11 can realize forced liquid supply or discharge under different operating conditions, enhancing the adaptability to multiple operating conditions. The composite baffle structure alternately arranges plate-rod composite baffle components and pure plate staggered inclined baffle components along the tube bundle axis, which can flexibly control the shell side flow state and balance heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance.

[0031] like Figure 1c , Figure 2a As shown, in the plate-rod composite baffle assembly of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger, each baffle plate is divided into upper and lower regions or four quadrant regions. The upper and lower regions are the baffle rod and baffle plate regions, respectively. Two regions in each quadrant are diagonally arranged as baffle plate regions, and the other two are baffle rod regions. The regions of adjacent baffle plates are staggered. The area ratio of the baffle plate region to the baffle rod region in each baffle plate is 4:1 to 1:4. In two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, when the baffle plate is divided into upper and lower regions, the baffle rods are spatially orthogonal in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis. When the baffle plate is divided into four quadrant regions, the baffle plate region and the baffle rod region are spatially orthogonal in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, and the baffle rods are also spatially orthogonal. (Refer to...) Figure 1c , Figure 2a , Figure 3a , Figure 3b , Figure 3c , Figure 3d The plate-rod composite baffle assembly divides each baffle plate surface into a baffle rod region and a baffle plate region, integrating both flow guiding structures onto the same plate. This allows the fluid to experience both longitudinal flow around the baffle and transverse flow through different regions of the tube bundle, disrupting the boundary layer, reducing dead zones, and enhancing local heat transfer. The plate-rod composite baffle assembly regions are arranged in a staggered manner, either vertically or diagonally, with adjacent plates staggered together, forcing the fluid to continuously change its flow direction, thus improving shell-side mixing and heat transfer uniformity. In each baffle plate, the area ratio of the baffle plate region to the baffle rod region is 4:1 to 1:4. This allows for optimized matching between heat transfer and pressure drop based on specific media and process requirements. In the upper and lower partitioning scheme of the baffle plate region, the baffle rods of adjacent components are arranged orthogonally in space, which can provide multi-directional support for the tube bundle, reduce fluid-induced vibration, and form spatially staggered longitudinal flow channels. In the four-quadrant partitioning scheme, both the baffle plate region and the baffle rod region are arranged orthogonally in space, and the flow has a three-dimensional turning point, which further enhances fluid disturbance and heat transfer coefficient, improves the uniformity of shell-side velocity distribution, and reduces the tendency of flow deviation and local fouling.

[0032] The baffle region features non-circular tube holes in shapes such as plum blossom, oval, or fan. These holes support the self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle and accommodate axial displacement, while also generating jets and vortices through the irregular flow cross-sections, further enhancing external convective heat transfer. The baffle rod region consists of multiple parallel baffle rods with diverse cross-sectional shapes, allowing for optimization of the wake and drag characteristics as needed. The shape of the composite baffle assembly matches the shape of the shell 1, with an installation gap between the outer edge of the composite baffle assembly and the inner wall of the shell 1. The composite baffle assemblies are connected by tie rods and spacer tubes to form a modular structure. The shape of the composite baffle assembly, adapted to the shell, fully utilizes the irregular shell-side space. Connecting the baffle assemblies into a modular structure via tie rods and spacer tubes facilitates overall manufacturing, quality inspection, and rapid on-site assembly and disassembly, reducing maintenance time and improving equipment maintainability.

[0033] like Figure 2b and Figure 2cAs shown, the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger consists of multiple sets of inclined baffle plates arranged at intervals along the tube bundle axis; the pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly includes multiple sets of inclined baffle plates arranged at intervals along the tube bundle axis; each set of inclined baffle plates includes at least two mutually separated pure plate baffle plate units, and the plate surface of each baffle plate unit forms an inclined angle of 30° to 60° with the tube bundle axis; compared with baffle plates perpendicular to the tube bundle, inclined plates can reduce the sharp turning of the flow direction, reduce local eddy current losses and total pressure drop; the mutually separated plate units form multiple parallel inclined flow channels, increasing fluid acceleration and disturbance, improving the heat transfer film coefficient and reducing flow dead zones.

[0034] Optionally, non-circular tube holes are provided in the baffle region for the self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle to pass through. The non-circular tube holes can be any one of the following shapes: quincunx, oval, or fan-shaped. Figure 4a , Figure 4b , Figure 4c As shown, the baffle region is composed of multiple parallel baffles, the cross-section of which is circular, elliptical, teardrop-shaped, or rectangular. (Refer to...) Figure 5a , Figure 5b , Figure 5c as well as Figure 5d .

[0035] As shown in Figure 6, the heat exchanger in this embodiment is used for seawater cooling of the ship's engine room. The shell-side medium is seawater, and the tube-side medium is the ship's main engine cooling water. The specific working process is as follows: When the ship is moored or the main engine is running at low load: switch to forced heat exchange mode, connect a centrifugal pump through the bottom pump interface, drive seawater to circulate between the shell side and the tube side, enter from the middle of the bottom baffle assembly and spread to both sides to increase the degree of fluid turbulence; When the ship is sailing or the main engine is running at full load: switch to the water-collecting heat exchange mode without additional power. Seawater enters the shell side through the water collection chamber and gravity flow channel of the water-collecting device by relying on the speed difference of the ship, forming a natural circulation. The seawater is guided to flow in the shell side by the composite baffle structure, without the need for external pump power, thus achieving energy-saving operation.

[0036] The self-compensating heat exchanger tube bundle of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger includes heat exchanger tubes with elastic compensation sections. These tubes absorb expansion deformation and, together with an expansion joint located outside the shell, eliminate thermal stress and vibration impact. The elastic compensation section of the self-compensating heat exchanger tube is a corrugated or annular groove structure, with an axial compensation amount not less than 5‰ of the heat exchanger tube length, and its material is consistent with the heat exchanger tube body. An external expansion joint is located in the middle of the shell and is welded to the shell flange. As shown in Figure 7, the external expansion joint includes both corrugated expansion joints and adaptive heat exchanger tube expansion joints, working synergistically with the self-compensating heat exchanger tube bundle to eliminate thermal stress and vibration impact, reducing the overall stress level of the equipment. The self-compensating heat exchanger tube bundle has its own corrugated or annular groove elastic compensation section, which, together with the external expansion joint, can absorb axial thermal displacement and ensure a compensation amount not less than 5‰ of the tube length. This allows it to cope with large temperature difference operating conditions and prevents leakage or damage at the tube head and tube sheet connection due to thermal stress. The compensation section is made of the same material as the heat exchange tube body, which can avoid additional stress caused by the difference in expansion coefficients of dissimilar materials when the temperature changes, and eliminate the risk of galvanic corrosion.

[0037] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive multi-condition composite baffle heat exchanger, characterized in that, The system includes a shell (1) adaptable to the special spatial structure of a ship, a tube-side inlet pipe (4), a tube-side outlet pipe (5), a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle (8), a composite baffle structure, and an external expansion joint (9). The shell (1) is provided with a shell-side inlet water catcher and a shell-side outlet water catcher (7) at both ends. The external expansion joint (9) is located in the middle of the shell (1), and a bottom shell-side forced inlet pipe (11) is provided near the external expansion joint (9). A section of tube bundle with an axial position corresponding to the external expansion joint (9) is a self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle (8). The composite baffle structure includes multiple sets of composite baffle components arranged alternately along the axial direction of the tube bundle. The composite baffle components include plate-rod composite baffle components and / or pure plate staggered inclined baffle components.

2. The self-adapting multi-operation composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the composite baffle assembly is adapted to the shape of the housing (1), and the outer edge of the composite baffle assembly and the inner wall of the housing (1) are left with an installation gap; the composite baffle assemblies are connected by tie rods and spacer tubes to form a modular structure.

3. The self-adapting multi-operation composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the plate-rod composite baffle assembly, each baffle plate is divided into two or four quadrant regions, with the upper and lower regions being the baffle rod and baffle plate regions, respectively. Two regions arranged diagonally in the four quadrant regions are baffle plate regions, and the other two regions arranged diagonally are baffle rod regions. The regions of adjacent baffle plates are staggered. Non-circular tube holes are opened on the baffle plate regions for the self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle (8) to pass through. The non-circular tube holes can be any of the following shapes: plum blossom, oval, or fan-shaped. The baffle rod region is composed of multiple parallel baffle rods with cross-sections of circular, elliptical, teardrop, or rectangular.

4. The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that, In each baffle plate surface, the area ratio of the baffle plate region to the baffle rod region is 4:1 to 1:

4. When each baffle plate surface is divided into upper and lower regions, in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, the baffle rods are arranged spatially orthogonally. When each baffle plate surface is divided into four quadrant regions, in the two sets of plate-rod composite baffle assemblies adjacent along the shell axis, the baffle plate region and the baffle rod region are arranged spatially orthogonally, and the baffle rods are arranged spatially orthogonally.

5. The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure plate staggered inclined baffle assembly includes multiple sets of inclined baffle plates arranged at intervals along the tube bundle axis; each set of inclined baffle plates includes at least two mutually separated pure plate baffle plate units, and the plate surface of each baffle plate unit forms an inclined angle of 30° to 60° with the tube bundle axis.

6. The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inclined baffle groups adjacent along the tube bundle axis have parallel flow channels between the first set of baffle units corresponding to the cross section of the area covered by the second set of baffle units, so that the shell-side fluid forms multiple staggered oblique flows that obliquely sweep across the surface of the heat exchange tube bundle.

7. The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-compensating heat exchange tube bundle (8) includes a heat exchange tube with an elastic compensation section and an expansion joint set outside the shell; the elastic compensation section of the self-compensating heat exchange tube is a corrugated tube or annular groove structure, and its axial compensation amount is not less than 5‰ of the length of the heat exchange tube, and the material is the same as that of the heat exchange tube body.

8. The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell-side inlet drain pipe and the shell-side outlet drain pipe are located on the top shell side of the heat exchanger, and the shell-side forced inlet pipe is located in the central area of ​​the bottom of the heat exchanger. The inner walls of the shell-side inlet drain pipe, the shell-side outlet drain pipe, and the shell-side forced inlet pipe are coated with a seawater-resistant and scale-resistant coating, and each is equipped with a removable filter screen. The openings of the shell-side inlet drain pipe and the shell-side outlet drain pipe face opposite directions.

9. The operating method of the adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, In a ship heat exchange system, when the ship is moored or the main engine is running at low load, it switches to forced heat exchange mode. The shell side medium is driven by an external pump through the bottom shell side forced inlet pipe (11) to enter the shell (1) for forced circulation heat exchange. When the ship is sailing or the main engine is running at full load, it switches to the no-additional-power water-cooling heat exchange mode. The shell-side medium relies on the speed difference generated by the ship's sailing to enter the shell (1) through the shell-side inlet water-cooling pipe (6) and is guided by the composite baffle structure to form a natural circulation heat exchange.

10. A heat exchange system, characterized in that, The adaptive multi-condition composite baffle structure heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1-8 is adopted.

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