In-situ fidelity sampling device and method for shallow sea floor sediments

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of deep-sea sampling technology, specifically to an in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device and method for shallow seabed sediments. The device includes a sampling cylinder with a sampling chamber at its lower end. A ball groove is formed through the lower end of the sampling chamber, and a ball valve is located inside the ball groove. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve, and a bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. A motor is located on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder, and a bevel gear meshing with the bevel gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. A pressure-reducing assembly is located at the upper end of the sampling cylinder. The pressure-reducing assembly includes a pressure-reducing cavity located at the upper end of the sampling cylinder, with multiple bladder walls inside the pressure-reducing cavity. A ball groove is formed at the lower end of the pressure-reducing cavity, and a ball valve is located within the ball groove. This invention stabilizes the in-situ pressure in the sampling chamber, preventing structural damage to the sample due to sudden pressure changes, and achieving in-situ high-fidelity sediment sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep-sea sampling technology, specifically to an in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device and method for shallow seabed sediments. Background Technology

[0002] Seafloor sediments are a “natural archive” of marine geology, ecology and environmental changes. Sampling them can obtain information on their physical structure, composition and pore fluids, providing direct evidence for studying paleoclimate evolution and sea-level changes. At the same time, it can analyze the distribution of pollutants such as heavy metals and microplastics and assess the quality of the marine environment. Seafloor shallow sediments are important carriers for studying changes in marine geology and ecological environment, and their in-situ sampling and preservation are crucial for marine scientific research. Existing sampling devices are prone to entraining large particles of impurities during diving, causing channel blockage and sample contamination. Furthermore, the pressure retention effect after sampling is poor, and the sudden pressure change during retrieval can easily damage the sediment structure. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device and method for seafloor shallow sediments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in the prior art, this invention provides an in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device and method for shallow seabed sediments.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an in-situ authentic sampling device for shallow seabed sediments, including a sampling tube, a sampling cavity is provided at the lower end of the sampling tube, a ball groove is provided through the lower end of the sampling cavity, a ball valve is provided at the inner end of the ball groove, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve, a bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft, a motor is provided at the inner edge of the sampling tube, and a bevel gear two that meshes with the bevel gear one is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. A pressure-reducing component is provided at the upper end of the sampling cylinder. The pressure-reducing component includes a pressure-reducing cavity opened at the upper end of the sampling cylinder. The inner end of the pressure-reducing cavity is provided with multiple bladder walls. A ball groove is opened at the lower end of the pressure-reducing cavity. A ball valve is provided in the ball groove. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve. A bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. A motor is provided at the inner edge of the sampling cylinder. A bevel gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor and meshes with the bevel gear. A wrapping bladder is provided on the outer wall of the ball valve. A flow cavity is opened inside the wrapping bladder. Multiple elastic hollow balls are provided at the inner end of the flow cavity.

[0005] Specifically, a counterweight is provided at the upper end of the sampling tube, and the bottom cross-section of the sampling tube is set as a hemispherical curved surface.

[0006] Specifically, a cable is fixedly connected to the top of the sampling tube, and wire one and wire two are respectively installed inside the cable. Wire one is electrically connected to motor one and motor two.

[0007] Specifically, the wire is electrically connected to an ultrasonic height sensor.

[0008] Specifically, the multiple capsule walls are arranged in a gradually decreasing manner from top to bottom.

[0009] Specifically, the diameter of the elastic hollow sphere is smaller than the inner diameter of the flow cavity.

[0010] Specifically, the bladder wall located at the bottom surrounds the outer periphery of the ball valve.

[0011] A method for in-situ, high-fidelity sampling of shallow seabed sediments includes the following steps: S1 Descending Preparation: Connect the sampling tube to the surface winch via the top cable. Wire 1 inside the cable provides power to motors 1 and 2, while wire 2 transmits the detection signal from the ultrasonic height sensor. Control motor 1 to drive bevel gear 2, which in turn drives bevel gear 1 to rotate, adjusting ball valve 1 to the 30°-45° open position to prevent large particles from entering. When descending to the seabed, ball valve 1 needs to be rotated to 90° to fully open. Simultaneously, control motor 2 to drive bevel gear 4, which in turn drives bevel gear 3 to rotate, keeping ball valve 2 closed. This ensures the stability of the non-Newtonian fluid filling the flow cavity and the uniformly distributed elastic hollow spheres, preparing for subsequent sampling and pressure holding. S2 Gravity Descent: The cable is released by a winch, and the sampling cylinder relies on its own weight and the weight of the counterweight to overcome the buoyancy of the seawater and achieve unpowered descent. During the descent, seawater enters the sampling chamber through the opened ball valve, so that the pressure of the sampling chamber and the external seawater is balanced in real time, avoiding pressure differential load on the cylinder wall; at the same time, the ultrasonic height sensor detects the distance between the sampling cylinder and the seabed in real time. When the detection distance reaches the preset threshold, it is determined that the sampling cylinder is about to contact the seabed. S3 Penetration Sampling: Under the action of gravity, the sampling tube continues to penetrate downward into the shallow surface sediments of the seabed, and the sediments enter the sampling chamber through the ball valve to complete the sampling. S4 Sealing and Pressure Holding: After sampling is completed, the control motor rotates in the opposite direction, driving the ball valve to rotate 90° to seal the lower end of the sampling chamber, so that the sampling chamber forms a sealed cavity and maintains the in-situ pressure on the seabed; S5 Lifting Recovery: The sampling cylinder is pulled upward by a winch and cable. During the recovery process, the sampling chamber is kept at high pressure in situ on the seabed. As the water depth decreases, the external seawater pressure gradually decreases. The non-Newtonian fluid in the flow chamber and the elastic hollow sphere achieve volume compensation through elastic expansion and contraction, stabilizing the pressure in the sampling chamber and avoiding impact disturbance to the sample. S6 Controllable Depressurization: After the sampling tube is recovered to the sea surface, the control motor drives the ball valve to rotate and open. The high-pressure medium in the sampling chamber enters the flow chamber through the ball valve and pushes the bladder wall to gradually expand, so as to achieve a slow and controllable reduction of the sampling chamber pressure. This avoids sudden pressure changes that may damage the sample structure. At the same time, the bladder wall blocks sediment impurities and prevents contamination of the depressurization chamber and the external environment.

[0012] One of the beneficial effects of this invention is that by classifying and controlling the opening and closing angle of the ball valve, adjusting it to 30°-45° during diving can effectively block large particles of impurities from the seabed from entering the sampling chamber, avoiding blockage of the sampling channel and sample contamination. After touching the bottom, rotating it to 90° to fully open ensures that sediments can enter smoothly, thus achieving impurity control before sampling and unobstructed channel during sampling, improving sampling efficiency and initial sample purity.

[0013] The second beneficial effect of this invention is that the pressure-reducing component and the flow cavity structure formed a dual pressure-maintaining and pressure-reducing system. The non-Newtonian fluid and the elastic hollow sphere in the flow cavity achieve volume compensation through elastic expansion and contraction during the lifting and recovery process, stabilizing the in-situ pressure on the seabed of the sampling chamber and preventing structural damage to the sample due to sudden pressure changes, thus achieving in-situ preservation of sediment. After the ball valve is opened at the sea surface, the high-pressure medium pushes the multi-stage bladder wall to gradually expand, achieving a slow and controllable release of pressure. At the same time, the bladder wall and the encapsulation bladder can effectively block sediment impurities, prevent contamination of the pressure-reducing chamber and the external environment, and ensure the accuracy of subsequent sample detection and analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments provided by the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Sampling cylinder; 10. Counterweight; 11. Cable rope; 12. Ball valve one; 13. Bevel gear one; 14. Motor one; 15. Bevel gear two; 2. Pressure relief assembly; 21. Bag wall; 22. Ball valve two; 23. Bevel gear three; 24. Motor two; 25. Bevel gear four; 101. Sampling chamber; 102. Ball groove one; 103. Flow chamber; 110. Wire one; 111. Wire two; 112. Ultrasonic height sensor; 120. Encapsulation bag; 121. Elastic hollow ball; 201. Pressure relief chamber; 202. Ball groove two. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides the following technical solution: Example 1: An in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments includes a sampling cylinder 1. A sampling chamber 101 is located at the lower end of the sampling cylinder 1. A ball groove 102 extends through the lower end of the sampling chamber 101. A ball valve 12 is located inside the ball groove 102. A rotating shaft 1 is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve 12. A bevel gear 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 1. A motor 14 is located on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder 1. A bevel gear 15, meshing with the bevel gear 13, is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 14. A counterweight 10 is located at the upper end of the sampling cylinder 1. The bottom cross-section of the sampling cylinder 1 is a hemispherical curved surface. A cable rope 11 is fixedly connected to the top of the sampling cylinder 1. Wires 110 and 111 are respectively located inside the cable rope 11. Wires 110 are electrically connected to motors 14 and 111, and wires 111 are electrically connected to an ultrasonic height sensor 112.

[0019] Among them, the counterweight 10 is used to adjust the overall weight of the sampling tube 1 to achieve gravity-driven sinking; the hemispherical bottom can reduce the diving resistance and facilitate the penetration of sediment; the cable 11 has both load-bearing and lifting functions as well as power supply and communication functions; the ultrasonic height sensor 112 is used to detect the distance between the sampling tube 1 and the seabed in real time and provide a signal for bottom contact prediction. Motor 14, Motor 24, and ultrasonic height sensor 112 are electrically connected to an external controller via wires.

[0020] In use, the sampling cylinder 1 is lowered to the sea surface via cable 11. Control motor 14 drives bevel gear 2 15, which in turn drives bevel gear 13 to rotate, rotating ball valve 12 to a 30-degree or 45-degree angle (e.g., ...). Figure 5As shown, by adjusting the opening and closing size of the inner hole of ball valve 12, larger seabed impurities are prevented from entering the sampling chamber 101 during the descent. The sampling cylinder 1 relies on its own weight and the weight of the counterweight 10 to overcome the buoyancy of the seawater and descend. During the descent, a small amount of seawater enters the sampling chamber 101 through the adjustment hole of ball valve 12 to achieve pressure balance inside and outside the cylinder. The ultrasonic height sensor 112 monitors the distance from the seabed in real time. When the preset threshold is reached and the sampling cylinder 1 touches the bottom, the control motor 14 continues to drive, rotating ball valve 12 to 90 degrees, so that its hole is fully opened, and the sediment smoothly enters the sampling chamber 101 to complete the sampling. After the sampling is completed, the control motor 14 rotates in the opposite direction, driving ball valve 12 to rotate and reset and close the lower end of the sampling chamber 101 to form a sealed pressure-holding chamber. Finally, it is pulled up and retrieved by cable rope 11.

[0021] Example 2: The technical solution of this example, which differs from Example 1, includes: a pressure-reducing component 2 is provided at the upper end of the sampling cylinder 1. The pressure-reducing component 2 includes a pressure-reducing cavity 201 opened at the upper end of the sampling cylinder 1. The inner end of the pressure-reducing cavity 201 is provided with multiple bladder walls 21. The lower end of the pressure-reducing cavity 201 is provided with a ball groove 202. A ball valve 22 is provided in the ball groove 202. A rotating shaft 2 is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve 22. A bevel gear 23 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 2. The sampling cylinder 1 contains... A second motor 24 is provided on the edge. The output shaft of the second motor 24 is fixedly connected to a fourth bevel gear 25 that meshes with a third bevel gear 23. The outer wall of the first ball valve 12 is provided with a wrapping bladder 120. A flow cavity 103 is opened inside the wrapping bladder 120. Multiple elastic hollow balls 121 are provided at the inner end of the flow cavity 103. The multiple bladder walls 21 are arranged in a gradually decreasing manner from top to bottom. The diameter of the elastic hollow balls 121 is smaller than the inner diameter of the flow cavity 103. The bottom bladder wall 21 wraps around the outer periphery of the second ball valve 22.

[0022] The pressure relief chamber 201 is used to contain the high-pressure medium to achieve pressure relief and buffering. The multi-stage bladder wall 21 gradually absorbs the high pressure of the sampling chamber 101 through elastic expansion, avoiding sudden pressure changes; the ball valve 22 is used to control the opening and closing of the sampling chamber 101 and the pressure relief chamber 201. The encapsulation capsule 120 works in conjunction with the flow cavity 103 to block sediment impurities and transmit pressure; The elastic hollow sphere 121 and the non-Newtonian fluid filling the flow cavity 103 work together to buffer pressure fluctuations and protect the in-situ structure of the sample. The flow cavity 103 is filled with non-Newtonian fluid, which includes shear-thickening fluid and shear-thinning fluid.

[0023] In use, based on Example 1, after sampling is completed and ball valve 12 is closed, sampling chamber 101 maintains high pressure in situ on the seabed. During the retrieval process, the non-Newtonian fluid in flow chamber 103 and the elastic hollow ball 121 compensate for volume changes through elastic expansion and contraction, stabilizing the pressure in sampling chamber 101. After sampling cylinder 1 is retrieved to the sea surface, control motor 24 drives bevel gear 4 25 to rotate bevel gear 3 23, opening ball valve 22. The high-pressure medium in sampling chamber 101 enters pressure-reducing chamber 201 through encapsulation bag 120, pushing bag wall 21 to gradually expand, realizing the slow and controllable release of pressure in sampling chamber 101, avoiding sudden pressure changes that could damage the sample structure. At the same time, bag wall 21 blocks impurities, preventing contamination of pressure-reducing chamber 201.

[0024] A method for in-situ, high-fidelity sampling of shallow seabed sediments includes the following steps: S1 Descending Preparation: Connect the sampling cylinder 1 to the surface winch via the top cable 11. The first wire 110 inside the cable 11 provides power to the first motor 14 and the second motor 24. The second wire 111 is used to transmit the detection signal of the ultrasonic height sensor 112. Control the first motor 14 to drive the second bevel gear 15 to rotate the first bevel gear 13, and adjust the ball valve 12 to the 30°-45° open position to prevent large particles of impurities from entering. When descending to the seabed, the ball valve 12 needs to be rotated to 90° to fully open. At the same time, control the second motor 24 to drive the fourth bevel gear 25 to rotate the third bevel gear 23, so that the ball valve 22 is in the closed position, ensuring that the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the flow cavity 103 and the uniformly distributed elastic hollow ball 121 remain stable, preparing for subsequent sampling and pressure holding. S2 Gravity Descent: The cable 11 is released by a winch, and the sampling cylinder 1 relies on its own weight and the weight of the counterweight 10 to overcome the buoyancy of the seawater and achieve unpowered descent. During the descent, seawater enters the sampling chamber 101 through the opened ball valve 12, so that the sampling chamber 101 is balanced with the external seawater pressure in real time, avoiding pressure differential load on the cylinder wall; at the same time, the ultrasonic height sensor 112 detects the distance between the sampling cylinder 1 and the seabed in real time. When the detection distance reaches the preset threshold, it is determined that the sampling cylinder 1 is about to contact the seabed. S3 Penetration Sampling: Under the action of gravity, the sampling tube 1 continues to penetrate downward into the shallow surface sediments of the seabed. The sediments enter the sampling chamber 101 through the ball valve 12 to complete the sampling. S4 Sealing and Pressure Holding: After sampling is completed, control motor 14 to rotate in the opposite direction, drive ball valve 12 to rotate 90° to seal the lower end of sampling chamber 101, so that sampling chamber 101 forms a sealed cavity and maintains the in-situ pressure on the seabed; S5 Lifting and Recovery: The sampling cylinder 1 is pulled upward by the winch lifting cable 11. During the recovery process, the sampling chamber 101 is always kept at the high pressure in the seabed. As the water depth decreases, the external seawater pressure gradually decreases. The non-Newtonian fluid in the flow chamber 103 and the elastic hollow sphere 121 achieve volume compensation through elastic expansion and contraction, stabilize the pressure of the sampling chamber 101, and avoid the sample being disturbed by impact. S6 Controllable Depressurization: After the sampling cylinder 1 is recovered to the sea surface, the control motor 24 drives the ball valve 22 to rotate and open. The high-pressure medium in the sampling chamber 101 enters the flow chamber 103 through the ball valve 22, pushing the bladder wall 21 to gradually expand, so as to achieve a slow and controllable reduction of the pressure in the sampling chamber 101, avoiding sudden pressure changes that could damage the sample structure. At the same time, the bladder wall 21 blocks sediment impurities, preventing contamination of the depressurization chamber 201 and the external environment.

[0025] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An in-situ, high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments, comprising a sampling tube (1), wherein a sampling cavity (101) is provided at the lower end of the sampling tube (1), characterized in that, The sampling chamber (101) has a ball groove (102) extending through its lower end. A ball valve (12) is provided inside the ball groove (102). A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both ends of the ball valve (12). A bevel gear (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. A motor (14) is provided on the inner edge of the sampling cylinder (1). A bevel gear (15) that meshes with the bevel gear (13) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (14). The sampling cylinder (1) is provided with a pressure-relieving component (2) at its upper end. The pressure-relieving component (2) includes a pressure-relieving chamber (201) opened at the upper end of the sampling cylinder (1). The pressure-relieving chamber (201) is provided with multiple bladder walls (21) at its inner end. The pressure-relieving chamber (201) is provided with a ball groove (202) at its lower end. The ball groove (202) is provided with a ball valve (22). The two ends of the ball valve (22) are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (2). One end of the rotating shaft (22) is fixedly connected to a bevel gear (23). The sampling cylinder (1) is provided with a motor (24) at its inner edge. The output shaft of the motor (24) is fixedly connected to a bevel gear (25) that meshes with the bevel gear (23). The outer wall of the ball valve (12) is provided with a wrapping bladder (120). The wrapping bladder (120) is provided with a flow cavity (103) inside. The flow cavity (103) is provided with multiple elastic hollow balls (121) at its inner end.

2. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the sampling tube (1) is provided with a counterweight (10), and the bottom cross-section of the sampling tube (1) is set as a hemispherical curved surface.

3. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the sampling tube (1) is fixedly connected to a cable rope (11). The cable rope (11) is provided with a first wire (110) and a second wire (111). The first wire (110) is electrically connected to a first motor (14) and a second motor (24).

4. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second conductor (111) is electrically connected to an ultrasonic height sensor (112).

5. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple capsule walls (21) are arranged in a gradually decreasing manner from top to bottom.

6. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the elastic hollow sphere (121) is smaller than the inner diameter of the flow cavity (103).

7. The in-situ high-fidelity sampling device for shallow seabed sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bladder wall (21) located at the bottom surrounds the outer periphery of the ball valve (22).

8. A method for in-situ high-fidelity sampling of shallow seabed sediments, wherein the method uses the in-situ high-fidelity sampling apparatus for shallow seabed sediments as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Descending Preparation: Connect the sampling tube (1) to the sea surface winch via the top cable (11). The first wire (110) in the cable (11) provides power support for the first motor (14) and the second motor (24). The second wire (111) is used to transmit the detection signal of the ultrasonic height sensor (112). Control the first motor (14) to drive the second bevel gear (15) to drive the first bevel gear (13) to rotate, and adjust the first ball valve (12) to the 30°-45° open state to avoid large particles of impurities from entering. When diving to the seabed, the first ball valve (12) needs to be rotated to 90° to fully open. At the same time, control the second motor (24) to drive the fourth bevel gear (25) to drive the third bevel gear (23) to rotate, so that the second ball valve (22) is in the closed state, ensuring that the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the flow cavity (103) and the uniformly distributed elastic hollow ball (121) remain stable, and prepare for subsequent sampling and pressure holding. S2 Gravity Descent: The cable (11) is released by a winch, and the sampling cylinder (1) relies on its own weight and the weight of the counterweight (10) to overcome the buoyancy of the seawater and achieve unpowered descent. During the descent, the seawater enters the sampling chamber (101) through the opened ball valve (12), so that the sampling chamber (101) and the external seawater pressure are balanced in real time, avoiding the cylinder wall from bearing differential pressure load. At the same time, the ultrasonic height sensor (112) detects the distance between the sampling cylinder (1) and the seabed in real time. When the detection distance reaches the preset threshold, it is determined that the sampling cylinder (1) is about to contact the seabed. S3 Penetration Sampling: The sampling tube (1) continues to penetrate downward into the shallow seabed sediments under the action of gravity. The sediments enter the sampling chamber (101) through the ball valve (12) to complete the sampling. S4 Sealing and Pressure Holding: After sampling is completed, control motor one (14) to rotate in the opposite direction, drive ball valve one (12) to rotate 90° to seal the lower end of sampling chamber (101), so that sampling chamber (101) forms a sealed cavity and maintains the in-situ pressure of the seabed; S5 Lifting and Recovery: The sampling cylinder (1) is pulled upward by the winch lifting cable (11). During the recovery process, the sampling chamber (101) is always kept at high pressure in the seabed. As the water depth decreases, the external seawater pressure gradually decreases. The non-Newtonian fluid in the flow cavity (103) and the elastic hollow sphere (121) achieve volume compensation through elastic expansion and contraction, stabilize the pressure of the sampling chamber (101), and avoid the sample being disturbed by impact. S6 Controllable Depressurization: After the sampling tube (1) is recovered to the sea surface, the control motor (24) drives the ball valve (22) to rotate and open. The high-pressure medium in the sampling chamber (101) enters the flow chamber (103) through the ball valve (22), pushing the bladder wall (21) to gradually expand, so as to achieve a slow and controllable reduction of the pressure in the sampling chamber (101), avoiding sudden pressure changes that could damage the sample structure. At the same time, the bladder wall (21) blocks sediment impurities, preventing contamination of the depressurization chamber (201) and the external environment.

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