Water-permeable material application scenario determination method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of permeable material testing technology, addressing the problem in existing technologies of lacking a comparative evaluation of the heat dissipation performance of permeable pavement materials based on multiple sets of environmental parameters and thus achieving precise matching of materials with target application scenarios. It provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, including: acquiring the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of a test sample under different preset environmental parameters; establishing a correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation results; determining the target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation results based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation results; acquiring multiple application scenarios of the permeable material and the environmental parameters of each application scenario; and determining the target application scenario of the test sample based on the target environmental parameters and the environmental parameters of each application scenario. This invention improves the targeting and reliability of selecting application scenarios for permeable materials.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of the invention patent application filed on November 5, 2025, entitled "Method, Apparatus, Equipment and Storage Medium for Testing the Heat Dissipation Performance of Evaporative Cooling Materials" with application number 202511607678.0. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of permeable material testing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials. Background Technology

[0003] Permeable pavement materials, due to their excellent rainwater infiltration capacity and certain thermal regulation capabilities, are widely used in urban roads, sidewalks, plazas, parking lots, and park landscaping. Different application scenarios exhibit significant differences in environmental temperature, humidity, solar radiation intensity, wind speed, and pavement structure. These environmental parameters directly affect the heat storage, heat dissipation, and evaporative cooling effects of permeable pavement materials. If the actual heat dissipation performance of the permeable pavement material does not match the environmental characteristics of its application scenario, problems such as excessively high surface temperatures, decreased thermal comfort, or insignificant cooling effects can easily occur. Therefore, rationally determining the target application scenario for permeable pavement materials before engineering application is crucial for fully utilizing their heat dissipation and temperature regulation performance.

[0004] In existing technologies, the selection of application scenarios for permeable pavement materials is usually based on the material's physical performance indicators or empirical recommendations. For example, the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, or surface temperature change of the material are tested experimentally, and combined with design specifications or human experience, the material is applied to common scenarios such as roads or squares. Some studies also test the cooling effect of the material under fixed experimental conditions to infer its applicable environmental range. However, such technologies usually only focus on the impact of single or a few environmental factors on heat dissipation performance, lacking a systematic evaluation of the material's heat dissipation performance under various preset environmental parameter combinations, and failing to establish a quantitative correspondence between environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance. This makes it impossible to accurately determine the material's heat dissipation performance in different practical application scenarios, resulting in a high degree of subjectivity and insufficient targeting in the selection of application scenarios.

[0005] Existing Chinese patent CN120334286A discloses a method for testing and processing the performance of building insulation materials, including: collecting temperature and humidity values ​​in the material's application environment, calculating dynamic weights for thermal conductivity and water absorption rate based on the temperature and humidity values, performing a weighted calculation on the dynamic weights and thermal conductivity and water absorption rate to obtain a comprehensive performance evaluation value, and then comparing the comprehensive performance evaluation value with a preset threshold range to output an adaptability evaluation result. While this patent can consider the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and humidity on material performance evaluation to some extent and provide an adaptability evaluation result, its evaluation focuses on comprehensive indicators such as thermal conductivity and water absorption rate of building insulation materials and their threshold judgment logic. It does not compare and evaluate the heat dissipation performance of permeable paving materials under multiple preset environmental parameters, nor does it involve maximizing the heat dissipation performance evaluation results to deduce target environmental parameters, nor does it further match the target environmental parameters with environmental parameters of multiple application scenarios to determine the technical path for the target application scenario.

[0006] Therefore, how to objectively evaluate the heat dissipation performance of permeable pavement materials under various environmental parameters, and thereby achieve accurate matching between permeable pavement materials and actual application scenarios, is a technical problem that needs to be solved by existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, in order to solve the problem in the prior art of lacking comparative evaluation of the heat dissipation performance of permeable pavement materials based on multiple sets of environmental parameters and thereby achieving accurate matching of materials with target application scenarios.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, the method comprising: Based on multiple preset environmental parameters, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the test sample under different preset environmental parameters are obtained; Establish the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; The target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result are determined based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation result. Obtain information on multiple application scenarios for permeable materials and the environmental parameters for each application scenario; Based on the target environment parameters and the environment parameters of each application scenario, the target application scenario of the test sample is determined.

[0009] Preferably, each of the preset environmental parameters is obtained through the following steps: Based on the typical application scenarios of permeable materials, an application scenario set is established, which includes urban roads, squares, parking lots, sidewalks, and garden trails; Based on the set of application scenarios, the four seasonal stages of spring, summer, autumn and winter are classified, and meteorological statistics for each season are obtained. The meteorological statistics include temperature, humidity and wind speed. Based on the meteorological statistics, the average temperature, average humidity and average wind speed of each application scenario under different seasons are extracted to obtain the basic environmental dataset corresponding to the scenario and season. Based on the aforementioned basic environmental dataset, combined with meteorological monitoring data, historical climate data, and on-site sampling data, the average temperature, average humidity, and average wind speed of each scenario and season are corrected to obtain the corrected environmental dataset. Based on the corrected environmental dataset, statistical analysis and clustering of temperature, humidity and wind speed in each scenario and season are performed to obtain a set of basic environmental parameters that can represent typical climate characteristics. Based on the aforementioned basic environmental parameter set, and combined with the heating and heat dissipation characteristics of permeable materials under different climatic conditions, the parameter ranges of temperature, humidity, and wind speed are screened to obtain candidate environmental parameter sets that conform to the characteristics of different seasons. Based on the candidate environmental parameter groups, the coverage and representativeness of each group of parameters are calculated, and the combination of temperature, humidity and wind speed that best represents the actual application scenario is selected to obtain the preset environmental parameters.

[0010] Preferably, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results are obtained through the following steps: Simulated rainfall is conducted on the test sample using a rainfall device, and the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall are obtained. Once the instantaneous moisture content meets the preset conditions, the simulated rainfall is stopped, and the second mass change value of the test sample is obtained over a preset period of time. The test sample is placed in a wind tunnel test platform, and the third mass change value and surface temperature change value of the test sample, the ambient temperature change value, humidity change value and wind speed change value of the wind tunnel test platform are obtained. The wind tunnel test platform has been adjusted to preset environmental parameters, which include temperature, humidity and wind speed. The first mass change value, the second mass change value, and the third mass change value are spliced ​​together in chronological order to obtain the mass change curve; Based on the surface temperature change and the ambient temperature change, the temperature difference is calculated to obtain the cooling curve; Based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, energy balance calculations are performed to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area. Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the permeable material are obtained.

[0011] Preferably, the rainfall device includes a weighing module, a rainfall module, and a rain gauge. The test sample is placed on the weighing module, and the upper surface of the rain gauge is at the same horizontal level as the upper surface of the test sample. The step of simulating rainfall on the test sample using the rainfall device and obtaining the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall includes: The rainfall module is controlled to simulate rainfall on the test sample according to a preset rainfall intensity value; The rainfall intensity error value is obtained by comparing the measured rainfall intensity value output by the rain gauge with the preset rainfall intensity value. The rainfall amount of the rainfall module is adjusted according to the rainfall intensity error value to obtain stable rainfall conditions; The first mass change value is obtained based on the mass change data of the test sample collected by the weighing module during the simulated rainfall phase. Based on the first mass change value and the volume parameters of the sample to be tested, the instantaneous moisture content is obtained by volume conversion.

[0012] Preferably, adjusting the rainfall amount of the rainfall module based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain stable rainfall conditions includes: PID calculations are performed based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain control commands; The spray output is adjusted according to the control command to obtain stable rainfall conditions.

[0013] Preferably, the step of performing energy balance calculations based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value to obtain the proportion of comprehensive heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation per unit area includes: Based on the mass change curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, latent heat is calculated to obtain the evaporative heat dissipation curve; Based on the cooling curve and the wind speed change value, convective heat transfer calculation is performed to obtain the convective heat dissipation curve; Based on the cooling curve and the change in ambient temperature, radiative heat transfer calculations are performed to obtain the radiative heat dissipation curve. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation curve, the convective heat dissipation curve, and the radiative heat dissipation curve, the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area are obtained. The total heat dissipation per unit area is obtained by summing the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area. The ratio of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area to the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated by proportionally calculating the total heat dissipation per unit area and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area.

[0014] Preferably, the step of performing energy balance calculations based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value to obtain the proportion of comprehensive heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation per unit area further includes: The collected mass change curves, surface temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed data are subjected to time-unified processing to obtain sample mass curves and temperature curves at equal time intervals. Based on the sample mass curve, the rate of change of sample mass over time is calculated to obtain the evaporation rate of the sample during the test period. Based on the evaporation rate and air temperature, the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass is calculated to obtain the latent heat of vaporization value; Based on the latent heat of vaporization, evaporation rate, and sample surface area, the energy of the evaporation heat transfer process of the sample is calculated to obtain the evaporation heat dissipation power per unit area. Based on the ambient wind speed, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the sample surface and the air is calculated to obtain the wind speed-related convective heat transfer parameters. Based on the sample surface temperature and the ambient temperature, the convective heat transfer on the sample surface is calculated to obtain the convective heat dissipation power per unit area. The radiative heat transfer process of the sample is calculated based on the sample surface temperature and the average ambient radiation temperature to obtain the radiative heat dissipation power per unit area. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation power, convective heat dissipation power and radiative heat dissipation power, the heat transfer power of each component is integrated over time to obtain the corresponding evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation and radiative heat dissipation. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation, and radiative heat dissipation, the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation per unit area. The proportion of evaporative heat dissipation is calculated based on the ratio of evaporative heat dissipation to total heat dissipation.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for determining the application scenario of permeable materials, the device comprising: The evaluation result acquisition module is used to obtain the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the test sample under different preset environmental parameters based on multiple preset environmental parameters. The relationship establishment module is used to establish the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; An environmental parameter determination module is used to determine the target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation result. The scenario and parameter acquisition module is used to acquire multiple application scenarios of permeable materials and the environmental parameters of each application scenario. The target application scenario determination module is used to determine the target application scenario of the test sample based on the target environment parameters and the environment parameters of each application scenario.

[0016] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a testing device, including: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0017] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0018] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for determining the application scenario of permeable materials, comprising: obtaining heat dissipation performance evaluation results of a test sample under different preset environmental parameters based on multiple preset environmental parameters; establishing a correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; determining the target environmental parameter corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; obtaining multiple application scenarios of the permeable material and environmental parameters of each application scenario; and determining the target application scenario of the test sample based on the target environmental parameter and the environmental parameters of each application scenario. This invention tests the heat dissipation performance of test samples under multiple sets of preset environmental parameters, obtains the heat dissipation performance evaluation results under different combinations of environmental parameters, and further establishes the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results. This allows for a quantitative reflection of the influence of environmental factors on the heat dissipation capacity of materials. Based on this, by determining the target environmental parameter corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result, the material obtains the environmental characteristics corresponding to its optimal heat dissipation performance with the support of objective test data. Then, by combining multiple pre-acquired application scenarios and their corresponding environmental parameters, the target environmental parameter is matched and analyzed with the environmental parameters of each application scenario to determine the target application scenario that is closest to or most consistent with the target environmental parameter. This transforms the selection of application scenarios for permeable pavement materials from traditional experience-based judgment to an objective matching process based on the test results of multiple environmental parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, and these are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for obtaining the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the heat dissipation performance evaluation result in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the device for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

[0022] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0023] It should be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signals, information, or data in this invention are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the locality and with authorization from the owner of the relevant device.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment applies to a system for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, and the system includes: A rainfall device used to simulate rainfall on the test sample; A wind tunnel testing platform is used to simulate the environment for test samples. The rainfall device simulates rainfall on the test sample under controlled conditions to reproduce the water absorption and evaporation characteristics of materials under natural rainfall. The rainfall device includes a support frame, a weighing module, a sample carrying platform, a rainfall module, and a rain gauge. The weighing module is located at the bottom of the support frame, with the sample carrying platform fixedly mounted on its upper surface to support the test sample and monitor its mass change in real time. The rainfall module is positioned above the sample carrying platform and includes a variable frequency water pump, water pipes, and nozzles. The variable frequency water pump is connected to a water storage tank via an inlet pipe and to the nozzles via an outlet pipe. The nozzles are vertically arranged directly above or distributed above the test sample to atomize the water and spray it evenly onto the sample surface. The rain gauge is positioned to the side of the sample carrying platform, with its upper opening at the same level as the upper surface of the test sample. It synchronously receives the sprayed water flow and measures the rainfall intensity in real time, thereby obtaining rainfall data corresponding to the water-receiving surface of the sample. Both the rainfall module and the rain gauge are electrically connected to the central control unit via signal lines. The control unit adjusts the output frequency of the variable frequency water pump based on the feedback signal from the rain gauge, achieving closed-loop control of the spray flow rate. Through this structural layout, the rainfall device forms a vertical system from top to bottom—spraying, water receiving, and monitoring—ensuring uniform spraying, synchronized measurement, and real-time signal feedback. This structure can simulate rainfall environments of varying intensities and durations, and simultaneously quantify changes in sample mass and rainfall, thus providing accurate initial moisture conditions and experimental boundary parameters for subsequent wind tunnel testing.

[0025] A wind tunnel testing platform is used to simulate the external environment for test samples under controlled conditions. It includes the wind tunnel body, air supply module, environmental control module, sample placement module, and multi-parameter sensing and detection module. The wind tunnel body is a sealed cavity made of metal or composite materials, forming a stable and adjustable airflow channel inside. The air supply module is located at the air inlet of the wind tunnel body and includes a frequency converter-driven axial flow fan or centrifugal fan. The output wind speed is adjusted by a frequency converter controller to control different wind field intensities. The environmental control module is located in the middle section of the wind tunnel body or in the circulating air path, including a heating unit, a cooling unit, and a humidifier, used to regulate the temperature and humidity of the air inside the wind tunnel to meet the set test environment conditions. The sample placement module is located at the bottom of the wind tunnel test section, using a heat-insulated support platform structure, used to horizontally place the test sample after rainfall, ensuring that the sample surface is orthogonal to the airflow direction. The sensing and detection module is arranged on the inner wall of the wind tunnel and around the test section, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and infrared thermometers, used to monitor air parameters and sample surface temperature distribution in real time. Each sensor is electrically connected to the central control system via signal lines, adjusting the air supply power and environmental parameters based on real-time data to form a closed-loop control mechanism for temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Through this structural layout, the wind tunnel test platform achieves an integrated design of "airflow generation—environmental regulation—parameter monitoring—feedback control," enabling precise simulation of evaporative cooling environments under different climatic conditions. Furthermore, it utilizes a high-precision sensor network to achieve real-time recording and energy balance analysis of the material's heat dissipation process.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, the method comprising: S101. Simulate rainfall on the test sample using a rainfall device, and obtain the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall. Specifically, the first mass change value refers to the increase in mass of the test sample due to water absorption during simulated rainfall, which is usually dynamic curve data.

[0027] Instantaneous moisture content: refers to the moisture content obtained by converting the mass of water contained in the sample at any given moment with its dry mass and volume parameters.

[0028] This step involves controlled simulated rainfall on the test sample using a rainfall device, while a weighing module continuously records changes in sample mass. The instantaneous moisture content is then calculated in real-time based on the sample's dry mass and volume parameters. The aim is to accurately characterize the dynamic process of water absorption in permeable materials under rainfall conditions, obtaining the rate and total amount of water entering the sample. This enables continuous monitoring and quantitative description of the rainfall-water absorption phase, providing fundamental data for subsequent analysis of a unified moisture content threshold and evaporation performance.

[0029] S102. When the instantaneous moisture content meets the preset conditions, stop the simulated rainfall and obtain the second mass change value of the test sample over a preset time. Specifically, the second mass change value refers to the change in sample mass over time during the water retention phase after rainfall stops. The preset conditions include two selectable starting points: one is saturation start, where the sample is considered saturated when the instantaneous moisture content approaches the material porosity and the slope of the mass increment approaches zero within a short continuous time window. Simulated rainfall is then stopped, and the sample is allowed to stand briefly to identify surface water. If a visible water film exists, the surface water is quickly wiped off according to standardized procedures (such as preset fixed pressure and travel speed, and a limited number of wipes). The baseline mass of the saturated sample without surface water is then measured within a specified time limit. The other is consistent moisture content start, where simulated rainfall is automatically stopped when the instantaneous volumetric moisture content reaches a preset unified target moisture content threshold, and the sample proceeds directly to the next process without wiping. Under both starting points, the sample enters a water retention phase under equal environmental conditions, and the change in sample mass over time is continuously recorded using an electronic scale. The resulting mass-time curve is defined as the second mass change value, used to lock in a consistent initial moisture content state for each sample before evaporation and cooling, and to eliminate interference from differences in surface free water and water absorption rates in subsequent comparisons.

[0030] S103. Place the test sample in a wind tunnel test platform and obtain the third mass change value and surface temperature change value of the test sample, the ambient temperature change value, humidity change value and wind speed change value of the wind tunnel test platform, wherein the wind tunnel test platform has been adjusted to preset environmental parameters, and the preset environmental parameters include temperature, humidity and wind speed. Specifically, the third mass change value refers to the amount of mass reduction of the test sample due to water loss during the evaporation process; The surface temperature change value is a curve of the sample surface temperature changing over time obtained by real-time monitoring using infrared thermometry or thermocouples. The preset environmental parameters are the temperature, humidity, and wind speed values ​​that are manually set by the wind tunnel test platform.

[0031] This step involves placing the test sample, with a moisture content reaching the threshold, into a wind tunnel test platform. The test is run under set temperature, humidity, and wind speed conditions, continuously collecting data on the third mass change, surface temperature change, and ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed inside the wind tunnel. The purpose of this step is to simulate the evaporation-cooling process of the sample under real-world climatic conditions. The technical benefit is achieving repeatable experimental conditions through a controlled environment, obtaining accurate evaporation rates and cooling curves, and providing comprehensive data input for subsequent energy component calculations.

[0032] S104. Based on the first mass change value, the second mass change value, the third mass change value, the surface temperature change value, the ambient temperature change value, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, the heat dissipation performance evaluation result of the test sample is obtained.

[0033] Specifically, the heat dissipation performance evaluation result refers to a comprehensive heat dissipation capacity index formed based on the energy released by the sample during evaporation, convection, and radiation. This typically includes the comprehensive heat dissipation per unit area, the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation, the maximum cooling amplitude, and the cooling duration. This step combines the first, second, and third mass change values ​​to obtain the overall water content change process of the sample during the rainfall, water retention, and evaporation stages. Simultaneously, the surface temperature change value is combined with parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed to characterize the cooling process of the sample under controlled environmental conditions. By comprehensively processing the correspondence between moisture changes and temperature changes, an evaluation result reflecting the sample's heat dissipation capacity can be obtained, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the heat dissipation performance of permeable materials. The purpose of this step is to comprehensively quantify the heat dissipation efficiency of permeable materials. The technical effect is to accurately assess the material's cooling capacity and distinguish the contributions of different heat dissipation methods, thereby providing a scientific basis for the optimized design of paving structures.

[0034] In some implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, the rainfall device includes a weighing module, a rainfall module, and a rain gauge. The test sample is placed on the weighing module, and the upper surface of the rain gauge is at the same horizontal level as the upper surface of the test sample. S101, simulate rainfall on the test sample using the rainfall device, and obtain the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall, including: S201. Control the rainfall module to simulate rainfall on the test sample according to the preset rainfall intensity value; Specifically, the preset rainfall intensity value refers to the target rainfall intensity set as a control, which can be a constant or a set curve that varies over time. The preset rainfall intensity value can be data input by the user during testing or data stored in advance in a database.

[0035] By reading the preset rainfall intensity value, settings are sent to the rainfall module, the spray system is activated, and the water output is adjusted according to the set value to ensure that the rainfall acting on the test sample is approximately equal to the set operating conditions. The purpose is to provide repeatable boundary condition inputs for subsequent water absorption and evaporation evaluations. This allows the test samples to be tested under the same rainfall input, improving the comparability and traceability of the results.

[0036] S202. Based on the measured rainfall intensity value output by the rain gauge and the preset rainfall intensity value, obtain the rainfall intensity error value; Specifically, the measured rainfall intensity value is the actual rainfall intensity obtained by measuring with a rain gauge and converting it according to the effective catchment area; The rainfall intensity error value is the difference between the preset rainfall intensity value and the measured rainfall intensity value.

[0037] The measured rainfall intensity value can be obtained by synchronizing the signal from the rain gauge with time and converting the units. This value is then subtracted point-by-point from the preset rainfall intensity value at the same time to form time-series data of the rainfall intensity error. The purpose is to obtain the deviation required for closed-loop control. This provides a quantitative basis for subsequent automatic adjustment and reduces intensity deviations caused by equipment drift or nozzle pressure loss.

[0038] S203. Adjust the rainfall amount of the rainfall module according to the rainfall intensity error value to obtain a stable rainfall condition; Specifically, stable rainfall conditions refer to a state in which the measured rainfall intensity falls within a set tolerance zone (such as ±2% or ±0.05 mm / min) and is maintained continuously for several sampling cycles.

[0039] This step calculates control variables (such as adjusting pump speed / valve opening) based on the rainfall intensity error value, iteratively corrects the spray output, continuously monitors the error and determines whether its amplitude and variance meet the stability criterion. Once stable, the current state is recorded as a stable rainfall condition. The aim is to ensure that the rainfall input reaches the target and remains stable before proceeding to the water absorption evaluation. This reduces the interference of input fluctuations on the water absorption curve and subsequent moisture content calculation, improving data quality and experimental repeatability.

[0040] In some implementations, adjusting the rainfall amount of the rainfall module based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain stable rainfall conditions includes: PID calculations are performed based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain control commands; Specifically, PID operation refers to: P (proportional): Based on the current error magnitude, it directly generates a control action proportional to the error; the larger the error, the faster the adjustment. I (integral): It accumulates historical errors; if a small error persists for a long time, the integral term will gradually increase, driving the control quantity to eliminate steady-state error. D (derivative): It acts in advance based on the error change trend; if the error changes rapidly, the derivative term increases damping to avoid overshoot.

[0041] Control commands refer to the adjustment quantities sent to the actuator, such as the target speed (rpm / Hz) of the variable frequency pump or the target opening degree (%) of the proportional valve, which are used to directly change the spray flow rate.

[0042] In each sampling period, this step first compares the current preset rainfall intensity value with the measured rainfall intensity value obtained by the rain gauge to obtain the deviation between the two. Then, this deviation is processed in three parts: Proportional calculation: directly amplifying or reducing the current deviation to immediately correct the sprinkler output, making the rainfall intensity quickly approach the target value. Integral calculation: accumulating the deviation over a period of time to eliminate long-term small deviations, ensuring that the rainfall intensity remains consistent with the target value even in a stable state. Differential calculation: observing the rate of change of the deviation to predict trends in advance; if a rapid increase in deviation is detected, the correction is increased in advance to avoid large overshoot or oscillations. The results of the proportional, integral, and differential calculations are combined to form a control command. This command is the adjustment amount that needs to be sent to the actuator of the rainfall module (such as the speed setpoint of the variable frequency pump or the valve opening setpoint) in the next step.

[0043] After the command is generated, the system checks whether it exceeds the allowable range of the pump or valve and limits the change to avoid hardware overload or excessively rapid adjustment. The final control command is sent to the rainfall module, and the sprinkler flow rate is adjusted accordingly. After several iterations, the rainfall intensity gradually stabilizes near the set value, thus achieving stable rainfall conditions.

[0044] The spray output is adjusted according to the control command to obtain stable rainfall conditions.

[0045] Specifically, adjusting the sprinkler output refers to the synchronous adjustment of the frequency of the variable frequency pump, the valve opening, or the distribution branch. This step first sends the control command calculated in the previous step to the actuator to adjust the speed of the variable frequency pump or the valve opening. To avoid system oscillation caused by excessively rapid changes, the execution of the command undergoes amplitude limiting and ramp-up rate smoothing to keep the changes in pump speed or valve position within a reasonable range. Subsequently, the system continuously collects the pulse signals from the rain gauge and calculates the corresponding rainfall intensity value.

[0046] During real-time updates of rainfall intensity, the testing equipment continuously calculates the deviation between the current rainfall intensity and the target value, and statistically analyzes the fluctuation range of the deviation. When the absolute value of the deviation is consistently less than the set allowable range, and the variance of the deviation remains within a preset threshold, and this stable state can be maintained continuously for several sampling windows (e.g., five consecutive sampling periods), it is determined that the current rainfall has reached a stable operating condition. At this point, the system latches the current set parameters and state as the initial conditions for subsequent experiments. The purpose is to implement the calculated adjustment amount into the physical spray output and confirm that the rainfall intensity has stabilized with clear steady-state criteria. The effect is to accurately and traceably map the set value to the actual spray intensity, reduce the interference of input fluctuations on the water absorption curve and threshold determination, and improve the comparability of experiments and data quality.

[0047] S204. Based on the data on the change in mass of the test sample over time collected by the weighing module during the simulated rainfall phase, the first mass change value is obtained; Specifically, the weighing module records the change in sample mass over time at fixed sampling intervals. By performing differential or drift-free processing with the reference mass at the start of rainfall as zero, the first mass change value representing the increase in water absorption (time-series data or its characteristic quantity) is obtained. The purpose is to quantify the amount and rate of water entering the sample during the rainfall phase. This forms the basic data for the water absorption process, providing accurate input for moisture content conversion and threshold determination.

[0048] S205. Based on the first mass change value and the volume parameters of the sample to be tested, a volume conversion is performed to obtain the instantaneous moisture content.

[0049] Specifically, the first mass change value is converted into water volume, and then divided by the volume parameter of the sample to be tested to obtain the instantaneous volumetric water content. Outliers are limited and smoothed to generate a water content time series that can be used for thresholding and modeling. The purpose is to characterize the water content of the sample with a uniform volumetric caliber, which facilitates coupling analysis with the evaporation process.

[0050] For example, assume the preset rainfall intensity value is 2.0 mm / min. The testing equipment sends this target value to the rainfall module, the variable frequency pump adjusts the water output of the nozzles, sprays water onto the surface of the test sample, and begins to simulate the rainfall process.

[0051] The rain gauge recorded 9 tippings within 1 minute, with each tipping corresponding to a rain depth of 0.2 mm. Therefore, the measured rain intensity is: i = 9 × 0.2 mm / min = 1.8 mm / min. The error between this and the preset value of 2.0 mm / min is -0.2 mm / min.

[0052] The testing equipment detected that the measured value was too low and automatically increased the pump speed and nozzle flow rate. After 2–3 feedback iterations, the measured value stabilized at 2.0±0.05 mm / min, achieving stable rainfall conditions.

[0053] During the 10-minute rainfall phase, the weighing module records the increase in sample mass in real time.

[0054] Initial dry weight: 10.0 kg, weight after 10 minutes: 10.50 kg, first mass change value: 0.50 kg (corresponding to water absorption).

[0055] Assume the sample volume is 0.02 m³ and the density of water is 1000 kg / m³.

[0056] Water absorption volume = 0.50 ÷ 1000 = 0.0005 m³, instantaneous volumetric water content = 0.0005 ÷ 0.02 = 0.025 = 2.5% Therefore, after 10 minutes of rainfall, the instantaneous moisture content of the test sample was 2.5%.

[0057] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, in step S104, based on the first mass change value, the second mass change value, the third mass change value, the surface temperature change value, the ambient temperature change value, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, the heat dissipation performance evaluation result of the test sample is obtained, including: S301. The first mass change value, the second mass change value, and the third mass change value are spliced ​​together in chronological order to obtain a mass change curve; Specifically, the mass change curve refers to the curve showing the continuous change in mass of the test sample over time during the rainfall, water retention, and evaporation stages. It serves to uniformly characterize the entry, retention, and release of moisture from the sample. The three mass data segments are timestamped and aligned, then stitched together according to the stage boundaries. Zero-point or drift correction and necessary noise reduction and smoothing are performed before stitching, preserving stage markers and key event moments (such as the moment of rain cessation and the moment of wind tunnel entry). The aim is to create a continuous and traceable moisture evolution trajectory, serving as the core input for subsequent evaporation intensity calculations and energy analysis. This eliminates breakpoints and offsets caused by segmented data acquisition, improving data consistency and providing a stable and continuous mass basis for threshold determination and parameter identification.

[0058] S302. Based on the surface temperature change and the ambient temperature change, calculate the temperature difference to obtain the cooling curve; Specifically, the cooling curve refers to the curve showing the change in temperature difference between the surface of the test sample and the ambient air over time, used to characterize the strength and duration of the surface cooling effect of the material. The surface temperature data is corrected for infrared emissivity or blackbody and aligned with the ambient temperature data along a unified time axis; the temperature difference is calculated moment by moment and slightly smoothed; the moment when the environment stabilizes to preset conditions is taken as the zero point of the cooling curve. The aim is to quantify the instantaneous cooling level of the test sample surface, obtain a directly comparable temperature difference over time curve, facilitate the extraction of evaluation quantities such as the maximum cooling value and effective cooling duration, and provide a reliable temperature boundary for energy component calculations.

[0059] S303. Based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, perform energy balance calculations to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area. Specifically, the total heat dissipation per unit area refers to the total heat dissipation released by the material to the environment through evaporation, convection and radiation during the test period, calculated per unit exposed area.

[0060] Evaporative heat loss ratio refers to the proportion of latent heat loss due to water evaporation in the total heat loss.

[0061] Evaporation intensity is calculated from the mass change curve, and latent heat dissipation is converted by combining air temperature and humidity. Convective heat dissipation is estimated using the cooling curve and wind speed, and radiative heat dissipation is estimated using surface temperature and ambient temperature. The total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated by accumulating the data from each component over time, and the proportion of evaporation is also calculated. The aim is to transform multi-source information on moisture, temperature, and the environment into a unified, dimensionlessly consistent heat dissipation evaluation quantity, distinguish the contributions of different heat dissipation mechanisms, and obtain quantitative indicators that can be compared horizontally and reflect the differences in mechanisms, providing a direct basis for material selection and structural design.

[0062] In some embodiments, S303, based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, an energy balance calculation is performed to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, including: Based on the mass change curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, latent heat is calculated to obtain the evaporative heat dissipation curve; Specifically, the evaporative heat dissipation curve refers to the change in heat carried away by the phase change of water per unit time over time. On a unified time axis, the water loss rate at each moment is calculated based on the mass change curve, and the mass transfer coefficient and effective latent heat are corrected by incorporating the humidity and wind speed at that time, converting them into evaporative heat dissipation power per unit time and per unit area, and then cascading them to form the evaporative heat dissipation curve. The aim is to quantify the instantaneous intensity and evolution of water evaporation as the dominant cooling mechanism. Clearly depicting the differences between the constant-rate evaporation and falling-rate evaporation stages provides direct input for subsequent total integration and contribution assessment.

[0063] Based on the cooling curve and the wind speed change value, convective heat transfer calculation is performed to obtain the convective heat dissipation curve; Specifically, the convective heat dissipation curve refers to the change in convective heat transfer intensity driven by the temperature difference between the test sample surface and the air over time. By aligning the cooling curve with the wind speed change value, and based on the convective heat transfer capacity corresponding to the wind speed (the higher the wind speed and the thinner the boundary layer, the stronger the convection) and the temperature difference between the test sample surface and the air, the convective heat dissipation power at each moment is calculated and continuously stitched into a curve. The aim is to separate and quantify the immediate contribution of convection to overall cooling. This reveals the impact of wind environment changes on cooling intensity and provides a basis for environmental setting optimization.

[0064] Based on the cooling curve and the change in ambient temperature, radiative heat transfer calculations are performed to obtain the radiative heat dissipation curve. Specifically, the radiative heat dissipation curve refers to the data on the change in heat dissipation intensity over time caused by the heat radiation exchange between the surface and the surrounding environment. By aligning the surface temperature in the cooling curve with the ambient temperature change value, the equivalent radiation environment is represented by the ambient temperature (the average radiation temperature can be used as a substitute if necessary). Based on this, the radiative heat dissipation power at each moment is calculated and a curve is formed. The purpose is to quantify the independent contribution of the radiation channel to the overall heat dissipation. The effect is to visually observe the changes in the weight of the radiation term under different temperature settings and surface conditions, which helps in the material surface treatment and environmental parameter settings.

[0065] Based on the evaporative heat dissipation curve, the convective heat dissipation curve, and the radiative heat dissipation curve, the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area are obtained. Specifically, evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation, and radiative heat dissipation per unit area refer to the total energy released per square meter of material surface through the corresponding mechanism during the test period. By summing the three heat dissipation curves over time during the test period and normalizing them according to the exposed area, the evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation, and radiative heat dissipation per unit area are obtained. The aim is to transform instantaneous power curves into energy-based indicators that can be directly compared and summarized. This lays a unified dimensional foundation for quantitative comparisons between different mechanisms and subsequent total summation.

[0066] The total heat dissipation per unit area is obtained by summing the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area. Specifically, the heat dissipation per unit area of ​​the above three items is arithmetically summed to obtain the total heat dissipation released by the material to the environment during the test period (normalized by area). The purpose is to form a single core indicator that can represent the overall cooling capacity of the material. As a direct comparison quantity for different materials and different operating conditions, it can also serve as a target / constraint value for design and operation and maintenance.

[0067] The ratio of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area to the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated by proportionally calculating the total heat dissipation per unit area and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area.

[0068] Specifically, the evaporative heat dissipation ratio refers to the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area to the total heat dissipation per unit area. This contribution is calculated by using the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area as the numerator and the total heat dissipation per unit area as the denominator. The purpose is to assess the dominance of evaporation, a key mechanism, in overall cooling. When the ratio is low, pore size, water volume, or airflow environment can be optimized to improve evaporation efficiency.

[0069] In one embodiment, the step of performing energy balance calculations based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value to obtain the proportion of comprehensive heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation per unit area further includes: The collected mass change curves, surface temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed data are subjected to time-unified processing to obtain sample mass curves and temperature curves at equal time intervals. Specifically, the mass change curve refers to the recorded data of sample mass change over time during the experiment, reflecting the dynamic process of moisture evaporation or adsorption on the sample surface. Surface temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed correspond to the temperature state and airflow conditions of the sample surface and surrounding air, respectively. The purpose of this step is to synchronize the raw data collected by multiple sensors along the time axis to ensure that each parameter corresponds to the same physical state at the same time, providing a unified benchmark for subsequent energy calculations. By setting a unified sampling interval Δt, interpolation and resampling are performed on data from different sensors to unify non-uniform time series data into an equally spaced sequence. At the same time, abnormal data caused by sensor response delays or interference are smoothed or removed to obtain time-aligned sample mass and temperature curves. Through this step, the time error of multi-channel data acquisition can be effectively eliminated, ensuring the synchronization and data accuracy of each physical quantity, providing a highly consistent basis for subsequent differential calculations and integral analysis, and making the heat dissipation calculation results more reliable.

[0070] Based on the sample mass curve, the rate of change of sample mass over time is calculated to obtain the evaporation rate of the sample during the test period. Specifically, the evaporation rate refers to the decrease in sample mass per unit time, used to describe the rate of change in the evaporation of moisture from the material surface. The purpose of this step is to transform the discrete mass change curve into a rate curve that reflects the instantaneous evaporation dynamics, thereby revealing the differences in evaporation intensity at different stages. In this process, the instantaneous evaporation rate is obtained by performing a difference operation on the mass change curve to calculate the ratio of the mass change Δm to the time interval Δt between adjacent time intervals. To reduce noise interference, a moving average or filtering algorithm can be used to smooth the rate curve. This step allows for the acquisition of the evaporation process characteristics of the sample throughout the entire testing period, such as the initial rapid evaporation stage, the steady-state evaporation stage, and the decay stage, thus providing a physical basis for subsequent latent heat calculation and heat dissipation analysis. This method can accurately characterize the evaporation trend and improve the identification of the material's thermal and wet behavior.

[0071] Based on the evaporation rate and air temperature, the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass is calculated to obtain the latent heat of vaporization value; Specifically, latent heat of vaporization refers to the energy required for a unit mass of liquid water to vaporize into water vapor, and its value varies slightly with temperature. The purpose of this step is to calculate the true latent heat of vaporization under the corresponding air temperature in the actual test environment, thereby avoiding errors caused by using a fixed constant. This step ensures that the latent heat value matches the actual test environment, improves the accuracy of energy calculations, and makes the subsequent evaporative heat dissipation power results more consistent with real thermodynamic conditions. Its technical effect lies in improving the credibility of the physical model through temperature correction, achieving consistency between the test environment and calculation parameters.

[0072] Based on the latent heat of vaporization, evaporation rate, and sample surface area, the energy of the evaporation heat transfer process of the sample is calculated to obtain the evaporation heat dissipation power per unit area. Specifically, evaporative heat dissipation power refers to the heat power removed by water evaporation per unit time and per unit area, reflecting the latent heat dissipation capacity of the material surface. The purpose of this step is to quantitatively combine the evaporation rate with latent heat, representing the heat dissipation intensity of the sample during the evaporation process in energy form. In practice, the instantaneous evaporation rate is multiplied by the corresponding latent heat value to obtain the total evaporative heat of the sample per unit time, which is then divided by the sample surface area to obtain the evaporative heat dissipation power curve per unit area. To improve accuracy, the curve can be smoothed by time integration or a sliding window to obtain the average power value in the steady-state phase. This step enables the conversion of physical quantities from mass loss to energy release, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the cooling contribution of the evaporation process. Compared to simple temperature change indicators, this method more intuitively reflects the heat and moisture coupling heat dissipation capacity of permeable materials, providing a reliable basis for performance comparison and engineering optimization of different materials.

[0073] Based on the ambient wind speed, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the sample surface and the air is calculated to obtain the wind speed-related convective heat transfer parameters. Specifically, the convective heat transfer coefficient is a key parameter characterizing the ability of airflow to transfer heat, and its magnitude depends on wind speed, flow field morphology, and sample surface characteristics. The purpose of this step is to establish a quantitative relationship between wind speed and convective heat transfer intensity, thereby accurately calculating heat exchange efficiency under different airflow conditions.

[0074] In practical implementation, the heat transfer coefficient can be solved based on empirical formulas or semi-empirical models. For example, using a linear fitting model or Nusselt number relationship, with ambient wind speed as the main input variable and corrections made based on sample surface smoothness and test area size, the wind speed under experimental conditions can be transformed into a calculable heat exchange parameter, enabling a quantitative description of heat transfer capacity under different ventilation environments. The technical advantage lies in improving the model's applicability and computational accuracy, allowing the obtained heat transfer results to more accurately reflect the sample's heat dissipation level in a natural wind environment.

[0075] Based on the sample surface temperature and the ambient temperature, the convective heat transfer on the sample surface is calculated to obtain the convective heat dissipation power per unit area. Specifically, convective heat transfer power refers to the rate of heat transfer per unit area due to airflow, used to assess the degree of sensible heat loss. The purpose of this step is to calculate the instantaneous heat exchange power between the sample and the air based on the temperature difference, thereby revealing the material's sensible heat dissipation capacity. In this process, the instantaneous convective heat transfer power is obtained by multiplying the calculated convective heat transfer coefficient by the difference between the sample surface temperature and the ambient temperature. To reflect the characteristics of change over time, the time series data can be integrated or averaged. When the sample surface temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, the convective heat transfer is negative, indicating that heat is transferred from the air to the sample in the opposite direction. By accurately obtaining the sensible heat dissipation contribution of the permeable material under different wind speeds and temperature differences, a basis is provided for distinguishing between sensible and latent heat effects. Its technical effect lies in achieving a fine decomposition of the heat balance and improving the physical realism of the heat dissipation process modeling.

[0076] The radiative heat transfer process of the sample is calculated based on the sample surface temperature and the average ambient radiation temperature to obtain the radiative heat dissipation power per unit area. Specifically, radiative heat transfer power refers to the rate at which energy is exchanged between the sample and the environment through infrared radiation. The average ambient radiation temperature can be obtained by weighting the sky radiation temperature and the temperature of surrounding reflectors. The purpose of this step is to quantify non-contact heat transfer pathways and improve the overall heat dissipation model. In the implementation process, based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the fourth-order difference between the sample surface temperature and the average ambient radiation temperature is used as the core parameter, combined with the material surface emissivity constant, to calculate the radiative heat dissipation power curve per unit area of ​​the sample. By supplementing a third heat dissipation mechanism in addition to convection and evaporation, the energy balance calculation is made more complete. At the same time, the radiative heat transfer calculation results can effectively reveal the natural cooling capacity of permeable materials at night or under low wind speed conditions, providing a key reference for passive cooling design.

[0077] Based on the evaporative heat dissipation power, convective heat dissipation power and radiative heat dissipation power, the heat transfer power of each component is integrated over time to obtain the corresponding evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation and radiative heat dissipation. Specifically, evaporative heat dissipation power, convective heat dissipation power, and radiative heat dissipation power represent the heat power dissipated per unit time through evaporation, convection, and radiation, respectively, with units of W / m². The purpose of this step is to convert the time-series data in instantaneous power form into cumulative quantities in energy form, reflecting the energy contribution of each heat exchange mechanism throughout the entire test period. In this process, discrete integration or numerical integration methods are used to accumulate the heat dissipation power curves of each component point-by-point within the test period, and then divide by the test time step to obtain the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, convective heat dissipation per unit area, and radiative heat dissipation per unit area (with units of J / m²). If the power is negative at a certain time point, its true sign is retained to reflect the heat recovery phenomenon. The instantaneous heat dissipation intensity of different heat exchange channels is uniformly converted into an energy-dimensional index, establishing a dimensionally consistent basis for subsequent heat dissipation synthesis and proportion calculation, and enabling quantitative comparison and energy balance analysis between heat dissipation mechanisms. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation, and radiative heat dissipation, the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation per unit area. Specifically, the total heat dissipation refers to the total heat released by a unit area of ​​permeable material to the environment during the test, and is the core indicator for measuring the overall heat dissipation performance of the material. The purpose of this step is to superimpose the energy contributions of the three different heat dissipation mechanisms—evaporation, convection, and radiation—to obtain a unified expression of the overall heat dissipation capacity.

[0078] In the implementation process, the total heat dissipation is obtained by arithmetically summing the three individual heat dissipation items. If any individual heat dissipation item has a negative value, the total is automatically reduced to ensure that the result reflects the true energy transfer direction and net heat dissipation effect. The obtained comprehensive heat dissipation can be further normalized to a unit area value, facilitating horizontal comparisons between different materials or different working conditions. This achieves systematic integration from individual energy items to overall energy, making the heat dissipation results more intuitive and comparable, and providing a quantitative basis for the performance evaluation and optimization of permeable materials. The proportion of evaporative heat dissipation is calculated based on the ratio of evaporative heat dissipation to total heat dissipation.

[0079] Specifically, the evaporative heat dissipation ratio refers to the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area to the total heat dissipation per unit area, used to measure the contribution of the evaporation process to overall heat dissipation. The purpose of this step is to quantitatively distinguish the relative weights of latent heat (evaporation) and sensible heat (convection, radiation) in the total heat dissipation process. In implementation, the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area is used as the numerator, and the total heat dissipation per unit area is used as the denominator, the ratio is calculated and expressed as a percentage. A high ratio indicates a significant evaporative cooling effect of the material; a low ratio indicates that heat dissipation mainly relies on sensible heat mechanisms. This allows for a direct quantification of the contribution of different heat dissipation mechanisms, enabling researchers to specifically optimize the pore structure, moisture content, or airflow conditions of permeable materials to improve evaporation efficiency. Its technical effect lies in providing a scientific basis for material design and environmental adaptation, ensuring that cooling performance evaluation has a clear physical orientation.

[0080] For example, assume that the SI system (mass kg, time s, temperature K, power W, energy J) is used, with "heat released from the material to the environment" as a positive value (cooling is positive, and the reverse is negative).

[0081] Preprocessing Unified time axis: Combine the mass change curve m(t) and surface temperature T s (t), ambient temperature T air The humidity (t), wind speed (u(t)), humidity (RH(t)), and wind speed (u(t)) are aligned to the same sampling grid (interval Δt seconds).

[0082] Select the evaporation analysis time window [t0,t1]: This is usually the time from entering the wind tunnel to the end of the test.

[0083] Known / measured parameters: Sample exposed area A (m²), surface emissivity ε (dimensionless).

[0084] Temperature unit: Kelvin (K) is used when calculating radiative heat transfer.

[0085] Smoothing and Denoising: For m(t), T s (t) Perform light filtering (such as moving average or SG) to avoid amplifying noise in numerical differentiation.

[0086] This is the discrete sampling sequence number.

[0087] Step 1: Latent heat conversion: Evaporative heat dissipation curve Objective: To convert the rate of mass loss into a curve of evaporative heat dissipation power per unit area over time.

[0088] 1. Calculate the evaporation mass flux (discrete form) (kg / s) During the evaporation stage, the mass decreases over time. It is usually a negative value.

[0089] 2. Extract latent heat (J / kg) It can be approximated by air temperature: ( ∘ C).

[0090] For a more rigorous approach, RH(t) and u(t) can be used only for quality control of the mass curve, as latent heat mainly varies with temperature.

[0091] 3. Calculate the evaporative heat dissipation power per unit area. (W / m 2 (The negative sign changes "mass reduction" to "heat dissipation becomes positive".) Obtain the evaporative heat dissipation curve .

[0092] Step 2: Convective heat transfer: Convective heat dissipation curve Objective: To estimate the convective heat dissipation power curve based on the surface-air temperature difference and wind speed.

[0093] 1. Calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient. (W / m²·K) (u in m / s) 2. Calculate the convective power density. (W / m 2 ) If the surface is lower than the air (T) s <T air This item may be negative (the environment is "heating" the material).

[0094] Obtain the convective heat dissipation curve .

[0095] Step 3: Radiative heat transfer: radiative heat dissipation curve Objective: To estimate the radiative heat dissipation power curve using the radiative temperature difference between the surface and the environment.

[0096] 1. Temperature converted to K: T s,k (K), T env,k (K).

[0097] Note: T env Ambient air temperature can be used as an approximation, or mean radiant temperature (MRT) can be used (for greater accuracy).

[0098] 2. Stefan-Boltzmann heat exchange σ = 5.670374 × 10 −8  W / m 2 K 4 .

[0099] If T s <T env This item has a negative value.

[0100] Obtain the radiation heat dissipation curve .

[0101] Step 4: Line integral: Heat dissipation per unit area Objective: To sum up the three power density curves to obtain the energy density (unit: J / m²).

[0102] Discrete integrals are performed for evaporation, convection, and radiation respectively: get: Evaporative heat dissipation per unit area E e (J / m²); Convection heat dissipation per unit area E h ; Heat dissipation per unit area E r .

[0103] Note: If a negative segment appears, retain the true sign, which represents the mechanism corresponding to a certain stage during the heat recovery.

[0104] Step 5: Sum of components: Total heat dissipation per unit area Objective: To synthesize a single total heat dissipation index (J / m²).

[0105] (If a component has a negative value, it will decrease the total amount accordingly, reflecting the actual energy exchange.) Step 6: Proportion Calculation: Evaporative Heat Dissipation Ratio Objective: To measure the share of evaporation in total heat dissipation (dimensionless, expressed as a percentage).

[0106] .

[0107] S304. Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the permeable material are obtained.

[0108] Specifically, the heat dissipation performance evaluation result is a comprehensive characterization of the cooling efficiency of a material under preset environmental conditions. It typically includes a set of indicators such as the total heat dissipation per unit area, the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation, the maximum selectable cooling range, and the effective cooling duration. By indexing and archiving the total heat dissipation and evaporation proportion obtained in the previous stage, and combining them with preset thresholds or grading standards, an evaluation level and recommended conclusions can be generated. The aim is to output clear conclusions that can be used for engineering decisions and material comparisons, forming standardized evaluation results. This can directly drive the optimization of paving schemes and shorten the decision-making link from testing to application.

[0109] In some embodiments, the method further includes: Based on multiple preset environmental parameters, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the test sample under different preset environmental parameters are obtained; Specifically, by repeating experiments under different environmental conditions, a set of evaluation results on the heat dissipation performance of the test sample under various operating conditions is obtained. Preset environmental parameters refer to the combination of temperature, humidity, and wind speed conditions artificially set in the wind tunnel test platform. By setting multiple sets of temperatures (e.g., 25℃, 30℃, 35℃), humidity (e.g., 40%, 60%, 80%), and wind speeds (e.g., 0.5m / s, 1.0m / s, 2.0m / s) in the wind tunnel, the entire process of rainfall-evaporation-cooling is repeatedly carried out on the same test sample. Mass and temperature data are collected, and the heat dissipation performance evaluation results are calculated. This is used to obtain the cooling capacity performance of materials under different external climatic conditions, revealing the sensitivity of material properties to environmental conditions, and providing basic data for cross-sectional comparisons in material selection and engineering design.

[0110] In one embodiment, the preset environmental parameters are obtained through the following steps: Based on the typical application scenarios of permeable materials, an application scenario set is established, which includes urban roads, squares, parking lots, sidewalks, and garden trails; Specifically, based on the typical application areas of permeable materials in urban construction, a set of scenarios for classifying environmental characteristics is established. The heat dissipation and evaporation performance of permeable materials vary significantly across different scenarios due to differences in surface structure, spatial openness, and functional use. Therefore, scenario classification is necessary to differentiate subsequent parameter modeling. By selecting typical urban functional areas, a set of application scenarios is established, including urban roads, squares, parking lots, sidewalks, and garden walkways. Each scenario can be considered a representative type of heat and moisture exchange boundary condition. For example, road scenarios are typically accompanied by vehicle heat load and radiation accumulation, squares have high albedo and strong solar radiation, and garden walkways exhibit high humidity and shading characteristics. By clearly defining scenario classifications, independent modeling can be performed for different climatic exposure conditions and environmental characteristics in subsequent steps, thereby ensuring the representativeness and applicability of the preset environmental parameters.

[0111] Based on the set of application scenarios, the four seasonal stages of spring, summer, autumn and winter are classified, and meteorological statistics for each season are obtained. The meteorological statistics include temperature, humidity and wind speed. Specifically, a systematic stratification of seasonal climate differences is performed to ensure that preset environmental parameters have seasonal adaptability over time. Since the heat dissipation performance of permeable materials is closely related to environmental temperature and humidity conditions, a single annual average cannot reflect the changing characteristics throughout the actual usage cycle. Therefore, the time dimension needs to be divided into four stages: spring, summer, autumn, and winter, and meteorological statistics are extracted for each season. This step uses national or regional meteorological databases as the data source, statistically analyzing the average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data for each season. Representativeness can be improved by setting sampling periods (such as daily averages or ten-day averages). This classification process provides the foundation for subsequently establishing a scenario-season correspondence model, enabling different application scenarios to be distinguished not only spatially but also dynamically in terms of time, thus more realistically simulating the heating and cooling environment of permeable materials throughout their annual operating cycle.

[0112] Based on the meteorological statistics, the average temperature, average humidity and average wind speed of each application scenario under different seasons are extracted to obtain the basic environmental dataset corresponding to the scenario and season. Specifically, the meteorological characteristics of each scenario and season are cross-correlated to form the initial data framework for subsequent parameter correction and fitting. By matching the scenario classification in step one with the seasonal meteorological data in step two, a basic environmental dataset in the form of a two-dimensional matrix can be constructed. In this dataset, each row represents a specific scenario, each column represents a specific season, and each cell stores the average temperature, average humidity, and average wind speed of that scenario in that season. Data sources may include long-term meteorological observation data, urban climate models, or satellite inversion results. The technical effect of this step is to describe the external exposure state of permeable materials under different usage environments and climatic conditions in a structured manner, providing a unified benchmark framework for subsequent multi-source correction and parameter clustering, ensuring that subsequent analysis can be carried out under a unified dimension and spatial reference.

[0113] Based on the aforementioned basic environmental dataset, combined with meteorological monitoring data, historical climate data, and on-site sampling data, the average temperature, average humidity, and average wind speed of each scenario and season are corrected to obtain the corrected environmental dataset. Specifically, the initial statistical data undergoes accuracy and locality correction to make the preset parameters more closely match actual engineering conditions. Since meteorological statistical data mostly comes from regional meteorological stations, it reflects macro-climate characteristics and fails to fully consider the microclimate effects such as the urban heat island effect, differences in surface reflection, and local wind environment changes. Therefore, in this step, correction is performed by fusing three types of data sources: meteorological monitoring data to reflect real-time climate fluctuations, historical climate data to maintain multi-year trend stability, and field sampling data to supplement specific site characteristics (such as building density, ground material, and shading conditions). In practice, methods such as weighted averaging, bias correction, or multiple regression can be used to fuse the three types of data into a corrected result, thereby obtaining temperature, humidity, and wind speed parameters that better reflect actual operating conditions. This correction process significantly improves the accuracy and representativeness of environmental parameters, laying a data foundation for generating accurate and reliable preset environmental parameters.

[0114] Based on the corrected environmental dataset, statistical analysis and clustering of temperature, humidity and wind speed in each scenario and season are performed to obtain a set of basic environmental parameters that can represent typical climate characteristics. Specifically, after data correction, meteorological data under different application scenarios and seasonal conditions are structured, summarized, and classified to extract basic parameter combinations that represent typical climate characteristics. Since temperature, humidity, and wind speed vary and correlate somewhat across different scenarios and seasons, this step involves statistical analysis of the corrected environmental dataset, including extreme value removal, mean calculation, variance evaluation, and distribution fitting, to eliminate outliers and retain the main climate trends. Based on this, clustering algorithms (such as K-means clustering or hierarchical clustering) are used to comprehensively classify temperature, humidity, and wind speed, grouping data points with similar characteristics into the same cluster. Each cluster corresponds to a set of representative meteorological characteristic parameters used to describe a typical climate state. Through clustering, a large amount of discrete measured data can be transformed into a limited number of basic environmental parameter sets, preserving climate diversity while facilitating subsequent analysis and modeling, providing a data foundation for comparing the performance of permeable materials under different climatic backgrounds.

[0115] Based on the aforementioned basic environmental parameter set, and combined with the heating and heat dissipation characteristics of permeable materials under different climatic conditions, the parameter ranges of temperature, humidity, and wind speed are screened to obtain candidate environmental parameter sets that conform to the characteristics of different seasons. Specifically, based on typical climatic parameters, the physical response characteristics of permeable materials are introduced to selectively filter parameter ranges, making the preset environment more closely match the actual working state of the material. Permeable materials exhibit different evaporation rates and thermal conductivity under different temperatures, humidity levels, and wind speeds; relying solely on meteorological data cannot reflect their thermal and humidity response patterns. Therefore, this step analyzes the sensitivity of each parameter to heat dissipation performance in the basic environmental parameter set obtained in the previous stage, combined with experimental test results or theoretical models of the material. For example, when the wind speed is too low, convective heat transfer is insufficient, while when it is too high, the evaporation rate tends to saturate; the combination of temperature and humidity determines the vapor pressure difference on the material surface, thus affecting the cooling intensity. Through this analysis, the range of values ​​for temperature, humidity, and wind speed is limited and optimized, eliminating parameter ranges that are not representative or physically unreasonable under the material's characteristics, ultimately forming a candidate environmental parameter set that conforms to the thermal and humidity conditions of different seasons. This step ensures that the generated parameters better match the material's thermal response characteristics, improving the physical validity of subsequent test results.

[0116] Based on the candidate environmental parameter groups, the coverage and representativeness of each group of parameters are calculated, and the combination of temperature, humidity and wind speed that best represents the actual application scenario is selected to obtain the preset environmental parameters.

[0117] Specifically, the final preset environmental parameters, which are most representative and best reflect the climate characteristics of the actual application scenario, are selected from multiple candidate environmental parameter groups. Since different candidate parameter groups may have some overlap or deviation in their climate ranges, this step introduces "coverage" and "representativeness" indicators for quantitative evaluation to ensure that the final selected parameters are both statistically representative and engineering applicable. Coverage measures the degree to which the candidate parameter group encompasses the actual climate distribution range, while representativeness measures the degree to which the candidate parameter group closely approximates the measured climate center trend. By calculating the comprehensive score of these two indicators, all candidate parameter groups are ranked and screened, with the combination of temperature, humidity, and wind speed with the highest comprehensive score being prioritized as the preset environmental parameters. The resulting multiple sets of preset environmental parameters not only cover the main climate characteristics of different seasons and scenarios but also possess experimental feasibility and strong universality, and can be directly used in wind tunnel tests or environmental simulation experiments. This step ensures that the parameter selection has a scientific basis and statistical robustness, making the test results more representative and comparable.

[0118] Establish the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; Specifically, a one-to-one correspondence table or function model is established to pair each set of environmental parameters with its corresponding heat dissipation performance evaluation results. All test data is input into a database, and a mapping relationship is established based on the structure of environmental parameter combinations and heat dissipation performance evaluation results. This mapping relationship can be a simple two-dimensional or three-dimensional table, or a regression equation, surface fitting, or machine learning model, used to predict performance under unknown operating conditions. The aim is to establish a systematic link between environmental conditions and performance indicators. The results are standardized and visualized to facilitate comparison, retrieval, and subsequent analysis; simultaneously, it lays the data foundation for automated reasoning and prediction.

[0119] The target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum value of the heat dissipation performance evaluation result are determined based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation result.

[0120] Specifically, the target environmental parameters refer to the specific combination of temperature, humidity, and wind speed that enables the material to exhibit optimal cooling performance. The established relational tables or functions are searched and analyzed to identify the maximum value of the heat dissipation performance evaluation results, and the corresponding environmental parameters are extracted as the target environmental parameters. If multiple extreme points exist, the optimal solution can be selected by combining actual engineering constraints (such as energy consumption and comfort). The aim is to clarify under what climatic conditions or engineering environments the cooling effect of permeable materials is most significant. This provides a decision-making basis for permeable pavement design, enabling site-specific optimized layout and usage schemes.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method further includes: Obtain information on multiple application scenarios for permeable materials and the environmental parameters for each application scenario; Specifically, application scenarios refer to the actual engineering environment in which permeable materials are used, such as urban sidewalks, plazas, parking lots, greenways, or roads in humid and hot regions. Typical environmental parameters for different scenarios are obtained through on-site monitoring, meteorological databases, or engineering design manuals. For example: Sidewalk scenario: Average summer temperature 32℃, humidity 65%, wind speed 1.2m / s; Plaza scene: average temperature 35℃, humidity 55%, wind speed 2.0m / s; Parking lot scenario: average temperature 38℃, humidity 45%, wind speed 0.8m / s.

[0122] The aim is to establish background conditions for the practical application of permeable materials, generating external condition data corresponding to the experimental environment. This allows for the connection between laboratory test results and actual engineering environments, avoiding the bias and inapplicability of experimental conclusions.

[0123] Based on the target environment parameters and the environment parameters of each application scenario, the target application scenario of the test sample is determined.

[0124] Specifically, the target application scenario refers to the scenario whose environmental conditions are closest to the target environmental parameters among multiple practical application scenarios, meaning that the material's actual application effect is best in this scenario. Similarity matching or difference calculation methods can be used to compare the target environmental parameters with the environmental parameters of each application scenario. For example, by calculating the weighted comprehensive deviation of the differences in temperature, humidity, and wind speed, the degree of similarity between each scenario and the target environment can be obtained. The scenario with the smallest difference is the target application scenario.

[0125] Example 2 Please see Figure 4 This invention provides a device for determining the application scenario of permeable materials, the device comprising: The simulated rainfall module is used to simulate rainfall on the test sample according to the rainfall device, and to obtain the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall process; The second mass module is used to stop the simulated rainfall when the instantaneous moisture content meets the preset conditions, and to obtain the second mass change value of the test sample over a preset time period. The wind tunnel testing module is used to place the test sample inside the wind tunnel testing platform and obtain the third mass change value and surface temperature change value of the test sample, the ambient temperature change value, humidity change value and wind speed change value of the wind tunnel testing platform, wherein the wind tunnel testing platform has been adjusted to preset environmental parameters, the preset environmental parameters including temperature, humidity and wind speed; The evaluation result module is used to obtain the heat dissipation performance evaluation result of the test sample based on the first mass change value, the second mass change value, the third mass change value, the surface temperature change value, the ambient temperature change value, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value.

[0126] It should be noted that each module and unit in the permeable material application scenario determination device in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each step in the permeable material application scenario determination method in the aforementioned embodiment. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned permeable material application scenario determination method, and will not be repeated here.

[0127] Example 3 In addition, combined Figure 1-3 The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented by testing equipment. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the test equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0128] The testing equipment may include a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions.

[0129] Specifically, the processor may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.

[0130] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0131] Computer-readable media include both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, which can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient media, such as modulated communication signals and carrier waves.

[0132] The processor reads and executes computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the methods for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in the above embodiments.

[0133] In one example, the test device may also include a communication interface and a bus. For example, Figure 5 As shown, the processor 501, memory 502, and communication interface 503 are connected through bus 510 and complete communication with each other.

[0134] The communication interface is mainly used to enable communication between various modules, devices, units and / or equipment in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0135] A bus, including hardware, software, or both, couples components of a test device together. For example, and not limitingly, a bus may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Microchannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses, or combinations of two or more of these. Where appropriate, a bus may include one or more buses. While specific buses are described and illustrated in embodiments of the invention, the invention contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect.

[0136] Example 4 Furthermore, in conjunction with the method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in the above embodiments, this invention can be implemented using a computer-readable storage medium. This computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions; when these computer program instructions are executed by a processor, they implement any of the methods for determining the application scenario of permeable materials in the above embodiments.

[0137] In summary, the method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for determining the application scenario of permeable materials provided in this embodiment of the invention simulate rainfall on the test sample using a rainfall device, and obtain the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall; when the instantaneous moisture content meets a preset condition, the simulated rainfall is stopped, and the second mass change value of the test sample is obtained for a preset duration; the test sample is placed in a wind tunnel test platform, and the third mass change value and surface temperature change value of the test sample, the ambient temperature change value, humidity change value, and wind speed change value of the wind tunnel test platform are obtained, wherein the wind tunnel test platform has been adjusted to preset environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed; based on the first mass change value, the second mass change value, the third mass change value, the surface temperature change value, the ambient temperature change value, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, the heat dissipation performance evaluation result of the test sample is obtained. This invention, through a full-process test of the water absorption, water retention, and evaporative cooling process of permeable materials in simulated rainfall and controlled wind tunnel environments, and by collecting multi-dimensional data such as mass change, surface temperature, and environmental parameters, can comprehensively reflect the heat dissipation performance of the material under actual climatic conditions. This directly achieves a quantitative, comparable, and repeatable evaluation of the cooling capacity of permeable materials, providing a scientific basis for material performance determination and application scenario selection.

[0138] It should be clarified that the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of the present invention is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of steps, after understanding the spirit of the present invention.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0140] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0141] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0142] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0143] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this invention describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this invention is not limited to the order of the steps described above; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0144] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the application scenarios of permeable materials, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on multiple preset environmental parameters, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the test sample under different preset environmental parameters are obtained; Establish the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; The target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result are determined based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation result. Obtain information on multiple application scenarios for permeable materials and the environmental parameters for each application scenario; Based on the target environment parameters and the environment parameters of each application scenario, the target application scenario of the test sample is determined.

2. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the preset environmental parameters is obtained through the following steps: Based on the typical application scenarios of permeable materials, an application scenario set is established, which includes urban roads, squares, parking lots, sidewalks, and garden trails; Based on the set of application scenarios, the four seasonal stages of spring, summer, autumn and winter are classified, and meteorological statistics for each season are obtained. The meteorological statistics include temperature, humidity and wind speed. Based on the meteorological statistics, the average temperature, average humidity and average wind speed of each application scenario under different seasons are extracted to obtain the basic environmental dataset corresponding to the scenario and season. Based on the aforementioned basic environmental dataset, combined with meteorological monitoring data, historical climate data, and on-site sampling data, the average temperature, average humidity, and average wind speed of each scenario and season are corrected to obtain the corrected environmental dataset. Based on the corrected environmental dataset, statistical analysis and clustering of temperature, humidity and wind speed in each scenario and season are performed to obtain a set of basic environmental parameters that can represent typical climate characteristics. Based on the aforementioned basic environmental parameter set, and combined with the heating and heat dissipation characteristics of permeable materials under different climatic conditions, the parameter ranges of temperature, humidity, and wind speed are screened to obtain candidate environmental parameter sets that conform to the characteristics of different seasons. Based on the candidate environmental parameter groups, the coverage and representativeness of each group of parameters are calculated, and the combination of temperature, humidity and wind speed that best represents the actual application scenario is selected to obtain the preset environmental parameters.

3. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation performance evaluation results are obtained through the following steps: Simulated rainfall is conducted on the test sample using a rainfall device, and the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall are obtained. Once the instantaneous moisture content meets the preset conditions, the simulated rainfall is stopped, and the second mass change value of the test sample is obtained over a preset period of time. The test sample is placed in a wind tunnel test platform, and the third mass change value and surface temperature change value of the test sample, the ambient temperature change value, humidity change value and wind speed change value of the wind tunnel test platform are obtained. The wind tunnel test platform has been adjusted to preset environmental parameters, which include temperature, humidity and wind speed. The first mass change value, the second mass change value, and the third mass change value are spliced ​​together in chronological order to obtain the mass change curve; Based on the surface temperature change and the ambient temperature change, the temperature difference is calculated to obtain the cooling curve; Based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, energy balance calculations are performed to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area. Based on the comprehensive heat dissipation and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation, the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the permeable material are obtained.

4. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rainfall device includes a weighing module, a rainfall module, and a rain gauge. The test sample is placed on the weighing module, and the upper surface of the rain gauge is at the same horizontal level as the upper surface of the test sample. The step of simulating rainfall on the test sample using the rainfall device and obtaining the first mass change value and instantaneous moisture content of the test sample during the simulated rainfall includes: The rainfall module is controlled to simulate rainfall on the test sample according to a preset rainfall intensity value; The rainfall intensity error value is obtained by comparing the measured rainfall intensity value output by the rain gauge with the preset rainfall intensity value. The rainfall amount of the rainfall module is adjusted according to the rainfall intensity error value to obtain stable rainfall conditions; The first mass change value is obtained based on the mass change data of the test sample collected by the weighing module during the simulated rainfall phase. Based on the first mass change value and the volume parameters of the sample to be tested, the instantaneous moisture content is obtained by volume conversion.

5. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the rainfall amount of the rainfall module based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain a stable rainfall condition includes: PID calculations are performed based on the rainfall intensity error value to obtain control commands; The spray output is adjusted according to the control command to obtain stable rainfall conditions.

6. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing energy balance calculations based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value to obtain the proportion of comprehensive heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation per unit area includes: Based on the mass change curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value, latent heat is calculated to obtain the evaporative heat dissipation curve; Based on the cooling curve and the wind speed change value, convective heat transfer calculation is performed to obtain the convective heat dissipation curve; Based on the cooling curve and the change in ambient temperature, radiative heat transfer calculations are performed to obtain the radiative heat dissipation curve. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation curve, the convective heat dissipation curve, and the radiative heat dissipation curve, the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area are obtained. The total heat dissipation per unit area is obtained by summing the evaporative heat dissipation per unit area, the convective heat dissipation per unit area, and the radiative heat dissipation per unit area. The ratio of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area to the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated by proportionally calculating the total heat dissipation per unit area and the proportion of evaporative heat dissipation per unit area.

7. The method for determining the application scenario of permeable materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of performing energy balance calculations based on the mass change curve, the cooling curve, the humidity change value, and the wind speed change value to obtain the proportion of comprehensive heat dissipation and evaporative heat dissipation per unit area also includes: The collected mass change curves, surface temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed data are subjected to time-unified processing to obtain sample mass curves and temperature curves at equal time intervals. Based on the sample mass curve, the rate of change of sample mass over time is calculated to obtain the evaporation rate of the sample during the test period. Based on the evaporation rate and air temperature, the latent heat of vaporization per unit mass is calculated to obtain the latent heat of vaporization value; Based on the latent heat of vaporization, evaporation rate, and sample surface area, the energy of the evaporation heat transfer process of the sample is calculated to obtain the evaporation heat dissipation power per unit area. Based on the ambient wind speed, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the sample surface and the air is calculated to obtain the wind speed-related convective heat transfer parameters. Based on the sample surface temperature and the ambient temperature, the convective heat transfer on the sample surface is calculated to obtain the convective heat dissipation power per unit area. The radiative heat transfer process of the sample is calculated based on the sample surface temperature and the average ambient radiation temperature to obtain the radiative heat dissipation power per unit area. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation power, convective heat dissipation power and radiative heat dissipation power, the heat transfer power of each component is integrated over time to obtain the corresponding evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation and radiative heat dissipation. Based on the evaporative heat dissipation, convective heat dissipation, and radiative heat dissipation, the total heat dissipation per unit area is calculated to obtain the comprehensive heat dissipation per unit area. The proportion of evaporative heat dissipation is calculated based on the ratio of evaporative heat dissipation to total heat dissipation.

8. A device for determining the application scenario of permeable materials, characterized in that, The device includes: The evaluation result acquisition module is used to obtain the heat dissipation performance evaluation results of the test sample under different preset environmental parameters based on multiple preset environmental parameters. The relationship establishment module is used to establish the correspondence between preset environmental parameters and heat dissipation performance evaluation results; An environmental parameter determination module is used to determine the target environmental parameters corresponding to the maximum heat dissipation performance evaluation result based on the correspondence between the preset environmental parameters and the heat dissipation performance evaluation result. The scenario and parameter acquisition module is used to acquire multiple application scenarios of permeable materials and the environmental parameters of each application scenario. The target application scenario determination module is used to determine the target application scenario of the test sample based on the target environment parameters and the environment parameters of each application scenario.

9. A testing device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, The method as described in any one of claims 1-7 is implemented when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor.

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