781 results about "Product testing" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of product test data management, and discloses a product test data storage and management system based on an MES system. The system comprises a dynamic configuration module which can use a self-adaptive parameter adjustment algorithm to configure data acquisition parameters according to experiment types; the closed-loop feedback module is used for binding experimental data with production batches and process parameters based on a real-time association algorithm; the two-stage verification module is used for detecting data exception through a double-layer cascade verification algorithm; and the intelligent storage module is used for generating hierarchical storage labels by using a multi-dimensional structured coding algorithm. In addition, the system integration module realizes data interaction with ERP and SCADA systems based on an interface adaptation algorithm. The system solves the problems that in a traditional data management mode, collection parameters are fixed, data relevance is poor, a verification mechanism is imperfect, storage and retrieval are inconvenient and the like, data can be efficiently collected, accurately associated, strictly verified and intelligently stored, and the enterprise data management level and production competitiveness are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility conducted immunity testing, and discloses an electromagnetic compatibility conducted immunity calibration system and method, and the system comprises a signal generation module, a coupling and decoupling network adaptive assembly system, a calibration load access system, an auxiliary equipment terminating system, and a grounding protection system. The method can adapt to different types of coupling and decoupling networks, normalizes the calibration process, reduces the calibration uncertainty, and reduces the introduced uncertainty by 17.9% compared with a conventional method. The invention further discloses an automatic calibration method, the calibration process of conduction immunity is optimized, the initial level can be set through an algorithm, the target level addressing time can be reduced, the calibration time can be shortened, the effective detection time proportion can be improved, and various parameters of an actually measured product are embedded in all links of the calibration process, so that the calibration accuracy is improved. The device can better simulate the testing process of an actually measured product, and improves the calibration accuracy and applicability.

According to the automatic test error-proofing detection method and detection system disclosed by the invention, after a test instruction is received, verification requests generated by bar codes of a needle bed upper mold and a needle bed lower mold are received; sending to a selected product test program to judge whether the needle bed upper die and the needle bed lower die and whether the needle bed name is matched with the current product test program or not; if not, stopping the test, otherwise, after the to-be-tested product is placed in place, receiving a serial number of the to-be-tested product generated by the bar code of the to-be-tested product, and querying and obtaining internal card binding information of the corresponding to-be-tested product; controlling the test tool to start and electrify the to-be-tested product, acquiring identity information of an internal clamping piece actually mounted in the to-be-tested product, comparing the identity information with inquired binding information of the internal clamping piece, if the identity information is consistent with the binding information of the internal clamping piece, carrying out subsequent function test, otherwise, sending error information of the internal clamping piece, and controlling the test tool to pull open an upper die and a lower die of the needle bed; therefore, automatic error-proofing detection of each module test of the industrial control system is realized.

The invention relates to the field of product testing, in particular to an efficient production testing method, device and system for TBOX testing. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of TBOXs for communication connection; sorting the test items to obtain an item sequence; testing each TBOX item by item according to the item sequence to obtain an individual result of each TBOX; simultaneously testing all TBOXs item by item according to the item sequence to obtain an overall result; performing communication quality comparison on each test item according to the overall result and the individual result of each TBOX to obtain an interference value of each test item; adjusting the sequence of the test items in the item sequence according to the interference value of each test item to obtain a plurality of test sequences; according to the test sequence, the test routes are set differently; and carrying out yield test on the TBOX by adopting a test route. According to the invention, the problem that the efficiency and the quality of the TBOX cannot be considered in the production and measurement process is solved.

Provided is a method for heat diffusion test of a completed new energy vehicle. 【Solution means】 The method of the present invention includes the steps of: performing initial modification on the battery system, triggering the battery pack to generate thermal runaway, and monitoring the state change of the battery system; performing video capture on the vehicle after thermal runaway by a video capture device, and monitoring the presence or absence and corresponding time of smoke emission, ignition, and explosion inside and outside the vehicle passenger compartment and the battery; collecting the surface temperature data of the contact objects in the passenger compartment, the gas concentration data of the high-temperature exhaust smoke in the passenger compartment, and the temperature data of the high-temperature exhaust smoke, and comparing the surface temperature data, gas concentration data, and temperature data of the high-temperature exhaust smoke of the contact objects in the passenger compartment with the corresponding safety standards, and evaluating the heat diffusion ability of the completed vehicle of the vehicle from the comparison results. The present invention provides a basis and guidance for actual product testing, and improves the safety and reliability of the verified product.

The invention discloses multi-Pitch adjustable four-side needle inserting equipment, and aims to provide the multi-Pitch adjustable four-side needle inserting equipment which is simple in structure, is provided with an independent adjusting mechanism and is matched with a visual positioning system for multi-side independent adjustable probe testing. The device comprises a machine table, four probe adjusting modules and a conveying correction module, the four probe adjusting modules are arranged at the upper end of the machine table, the conveying correction module is arranged at the lower end of the machine table, and a lower probe avoiding opening is formed in the upper end of the machine table. And the probe ends of the four groups of probe adjusting modules are respectively matched with corresponding lower probe positions on a product on the conveying and correcting module through the lower probe avoiding openings. The method is applied to the technical field of product testing.

The invention relates to the field of wireless product testing, and provides a multi-device cooperative closed-loop testing method based on state machine driving, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring the data output of a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) interface of a tested device in real time; analyzing the data output by the UART interface of the tested equipment to identify the current running state of the tested equipment; dynamically generating at least one control instruction according to a preset state transition rule set and the identified current operation state; distributing the at least one control instruction to corresponding external test equipment to drive the external test equipment to execute corresponding test operation on the tested equipment; and repeatedly executing the steps of monitoring, analyzing, generating the control instruction and distributing, and automatically and continuously propelling the test process based on the response state of the tested equipment until all test items are completed. According to the technical scheme, multi-device closed-loop testing is driven through the state machine, and the testing automation degree and the process continuity are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a device for electrical performance test and high-temperature aging test of a high-power-density module product, and relates to the technical field of electronic product test and aging. A large-current clamping structure is arranged, so that the reliability requirement of long-time repeated clamping of a large-current pin in the electrical performance test and high-temperature aging test process of the high-power density module is met; a vertical pressing structure and a double-sided heat dissipation structure are arranged, so that the heat dissipation requirement of a high-power density module in an electrical performance test and a high-temperature aging test when a product works in a high heating state is met; and a double-sided temperature measurement structure is arranged, so that real-time temperature measurement and monitoring can be carried out on the upper surface and the lower surface of the high-power density module product in the electrical performance test and high-temperature aging test processes.

The invention relates to the technical field of product detection and marking, in particular to a resistance test marking machine which comprises a rack, a feeding structure, a workbench and a discharging structure are arranged on the rack, and a temperature detection structure, a resistance detection structure and a marking structure are sequentially arranged on the workbench. The feeding structure is used for sequentially conveying a plurality of fuses to the workbench, the temperature detection structure is used for detecting the temperature of terminals at the two ends of the fuses, the resistance detection structure is used for detecting the resistance values of the fuses, and the marking structure is used for marking the detected fuses to end covers of the fuses. And the discharging structure is used for conveying the detected and marked fuses away from the workbench. The fuse testing device has the advantages that the fuse is conveyed to the workbench through the feeding structure, accurate testing and direct marking of the resistance value of the fuse are achieved on the workbench, and the testing accuracy is improved. And due to cooperative work of a plurality of stations, automatic production is realized, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

The invention relates to product testing equipment, in particular to performance testing equipment of a sweeping robot, which is used for being matched with a testing device to test the sweeping robot and comprises a bearing module and an auxiliary testing module, the bearing module is used for fixing the sweeping robot; and the auxiliary test module is arranged on the bearing module and is used for applying force to a to-be-tested part of the sweeping robot placed on the bearing module, so that the test device can test the to-be-tested part. According to the embodiment of the invention, the key parts of the finished sweeping robot can be tested.

The utility model discloses and provides a test device for testing a keyboard of a tablet computer, which is efficient and adjustable in angle and height, has the advantages of simple structure, compact layout, convenience in operation and the like, and can quickly adjust the angle and height of a back plate module by rotating a screw on the side edge. Tablet computer keyboard products at different angles are tested, so that the testing efficiency is greatly improved. The testing keyboard comprises an electric cabinet module, a carrier plate module, a back plate module and a testing module, the carrier plate module is fixedly matched on the top surface of the electric cabinet module, the back plate module is fixedly matched on the carrier plate module, the testing keyboard is divided into a knocking end and a bending supporting end, the knocking end is matched with the bending supporting end through a rotating shaft, the knocking end is limited and matched on the carrier plate module, and the bending supporting end is matched with the knocking end through a rotating shaft. The bending supporting end is in limiting fit with the back plate module, the testing module is in limiting fit with the back plate module, and the testing module is in limiting fit with the knocking end on the testing keyboard. The device is applied to the field of product testing.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic testing, in particular to a test probe. The test probe is used for detecting a tested product, the test probe comprises a plurality of contact parts, the plurality of contact parts are located at one end of the test probe, and the plurality of contact parts can be contacted with the tested product at the same time. The contact area between the test probe and the tested product during the open and short circuit test is increased, and the good contact between the test probe and the tested product (such as an FPC extension socket) is realized, so that the high misjudgment rate of the open and short circuit test is improved, and the production efficiency of equipment is improved.

The application discloses a kind of test system and method of radio frequency module, belong to product test technical field.System includes: multiple host computers respectively control multiple test equipment on multiple radio frequency modules to be tested placed and open radio frequency test mode;Multiple-port radio frequency test instrument is detected by multiple test ports respectively multiple radio frequency modules in radio frequency test mode The radio frequency data generated by multiple radio frequency modules, and multiple radio frequency data generated by multiple radio frequency modules are sent to multiple host computers respectively;Multiple host computers according to multiple radio frequency data generated by multiple radio frequency modules, multiple test information corresponding to multiple radio frequency modules are sent to server device;Server device generates multiple radio frequency module placement instruction according to multiple test information, and sends multiple radio frequency module placement instruction to pick-and-place device;Pick-and-place device according to multiple radio frequency module placement instruction, multiple radio frequency modules are classified and placed, multiple radio frequency modules are realized parallel automated test, and test efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of satellite product testing, in particular to a space attitude adjusting device, system and method for satellite testing. The device comprises a rotary connecting seat, wherein the rotary connecting seat comprises an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate and a connecting column; the top surface of the upper connecting plate is rotatably connected with a rotating mechanism, and the upper surface of the lower connecting plate is fixedly connected with a hanging mechanism; the system further comprises a tilt angle sensor and a servo driving system. The method comprises the following steps: respectively connecting the free ends of the slings with different end parts of a test satellite; adjusting the length of each sling, and adjusting the pitch angle and the roll angle of the tested satellite; the rotation driving device is started to drive the rotation connecting seat to rotate integrally, and the azimuth angle of the test satellite is adjusted to the test azimuth angle; after the satellite to be tested is static, space attitude adjustment is completed. The problems that in the prior art, the attitude adjustment range is small, the testing efficiency is low, and the testing result error is large are solved.

The invention relates to an accelerated test system and method based on a weak link of an electronic component, and belongs to the technical field of electronic product testing, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the hierarchy analysis and modeling preparation of a whole machine structure, and carrying out the structural layering of a target whole machine system; weak link identification: identifying a key failure path influencing the reliability in the whole machine, and determining a weak component; acceleration pre-test: carrying out acceleration pre-test on the identified weak component, and obtaining degradation behavior data of the weak component through multi-stage acceleration stress loading; constructing a complete machine acceleration model, and calculating the influence of temperature stress, electric stress and vibration stress on the failure degradation rate of the product; acceleration factor calculation: calculating an acceleration factor based on the activation energy of the weak link part; and predicting the service life of the whole machine through acceleration factors, failure mode analysis and component service life data. The failure of the whole machine is converted into the failure of a weak link; the service degradation process of the whole machine can be reflected more truly, and the accuracy of a prediction result is improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of glass product testing, and discloses a glass product strength testing instrument which comprises an impact testing machine, a testing box, an impact device and a cover plate, the testing box is located on the right side of the impact testing machine, and the impact device is fixedly installed on the top of the testing box and electrically connected with the impact testing machine. In the process of carrying out an impact test on a glass product through an impact test machine, the glass product needs to be placed in an inner cavity of a test box, and the impact test effect on the glass product is achieved through mutual cooperation of an impact device and a falling ball, but the top of the test box needs to be in adaptive butt joint with the impact device and the falling ball; the problem that certain potential safety hazards are caused to a user due to the fact that the periphery of the glass product cannot be protected due to the fact that the glass product can generate certain glass fragments after being impacted and cannot be protected in the splashing process of the glass fragments in the prior art is solved.

The utility model discloses a breathing blasting test fixture for a new energy battery cover plate. The breathing blasting test fixture is characterized by comprising an upper cavity and a lower cavity, an upper cavity is arranged in the middle of the upper cavity, a first vent hole is formed in the middle of the left side face and communicated with the upper cavity, four first positioning pins are arranged at the four corners of the upper cavity, a lower cavity is arranged in the middle of the lower cavity, two symmetrical first grooves are formed in the left side and the right side of the lower cavity, a plurality of second positioning holes are formed in the bottoms of the first grooves, and a plurality of sets of third positioning holes are formed in the front side and the rear side of the first grooves. And a first positioning hole matched with the first positioning pin is formed in the lower cavity. According to the utility model, the upper cavity and the lower cavity can be quickly positioned by arranging the first positioning pin, and the plurality of second positioning holes and the plurality of third positioning holes are respectively inserted with the second positioning pins and the third positioning pins for quickly positioning various different products to be tested, so that the test fixture is suitable for testing various products with different specifications, the test efficiency is greatly improved, and the test cost is reduced. And the production cost of a plurality of test jigs and a large amount of labor cost are saved.

The invention discloses a voice interaction product test method and device based on artificial intelligence and a product, and the method comprises the steps: generating a corresponding question according to a selected question class through a first artificial intelligence large model; the questioning question is converted into questioning voice; the voice interaction product needing to be tested responds to the questioning voice and outputs corresponding answering voice; the answer voice is converted into a character answer; and evaluating the matching accuracy of the character answers and the corresponding questions by using the second artificial intelligence large model, and outputting the accuracy as a test result. The invention discloses a voice interaction product test method and device based on artificial intelligence and a product, and the method comprises the steps: generating a questioning question through a first artificial intelligence large model, evaluating the matching accuracy of a character answer and the corresponding questioning question through a second artificial intelligence large model, and outputting a test result. The system has the characteristics of high automation degree of voice interaction product testing, full testing and accurate testing effect.

The utility model discloses a USB interface product testing device. The USB interface product testing device comprises a base, a testing mechanism and a moving mechanism. The testing mechanism comprises a first driving piece, a connecting plate, at least two connecting pieces, at least two elastic pieces and a connecting seat, the first driving piece is connected to the base, the driving end of the first driving piece is in driving connection with the connecting plate, the connecting pieces movably penetrate through the connecting plate, the connecting seat is used for fixing the USB connector, one end of each connecting piece is connected to the connecting seat, and the other end of each connecting piece is connected to the elastic piece. One end of the connecting piece is connected with the connecting base, the other end of the connecting piece movably abuts against the surface of the side, away from the connecting base, of the connecting plate, the at least two connecting pieces are located in the extending direction of the connecting plate at intervals, one elastic piece correspondingly sleeves one connecting piece and is located between the connecting base and the connecting plate, and the first driving piece drives the connecting plate and the connecting base to move in the horizontal direction. When the USB connector and the USB interface are in butt joint, the correction activity amount is achieved, the USB connector can be shifted, aligned plugging after interface correction during plugging is guaranteed, and the test efficiency and accuracy are improved.

The invention relates to the field of testing equipment, in particular to full-automatic multi-channel radiator product testing equipment which comprises a circulating feeding device, a carrying device, a detecting device and a discharging device. The circulating feeding device is used for driving the jig to move circularly, and the jig is used for positioning a workpiece; the carrying device is used for carrying the workpiece in the jig to the detection device; the detection device is used for detecting whether the workpiece is qualified or not; the discharging device is used for driving qualified workpieces to be discharged. The detection efficiency and accuracy are effectively improved, and errors and cost caused by manual intervention are reduced.

The utility model discloses a device for synchronously carrying out product testing and feeding, which comprises a turntable which is horizontally arranged and is connected with a cam divider, the turntable is driven to rotate around a vertical axis by the cam divider, and the cam divider is in transmission connection with an adjustable-speed motor; the plurality of positioning plates are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the turntable and are vertically connected with the turntable in a sliding manner, and a plurality of product placing holes are formed in the upper surfaces of the positioning plates. The device has the beneficial effects that the device for synchronously carrying out product testing and feeding can simultaneously carry out product feeding and testing, the product testing and feeding can be automatically completed, manual feeding and testing are not needed, the feeding speed is high, the efficiency is high, and the product testing efficiency is greatly improved; in addition, the first movable limiting plate and the second movable limiting plate are arranged on the positioning plate, so that the acupuncture point gap is increased, and feeding is facilitated.

The utility model relates to the technical field of washing machines, in particular to an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) testing and marking all-in-one machine for a washing machine, which comprises a feeding and supplying device and a testing and marking device which is arranged on one side of the feeding and supplying device in an abutting manner, a rotating disc and a testing mechanism are arranged on one side in the testing and marking device, a marking and visual inspection mechanism is arranged on the surface of the testing and marking device and located on one side of the rotating disc and the testing mechanism, and a discharging mechanism is arranged on one side of the testing and marking device. According to the utility model, feeding, testing, marking and visual inspection are integrated, so that the automation degree is improved, the labor intensity during product testing and marking is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; in addition, the marking position is accurate, and the phenomenon of marking missing or marking errors is avoided; and meanwhile, the defective products at each station are discharged at the current station, so that the phenomenon of line mixing of the defective products is avoided, and the yield during production is increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit product testing, in particular to an integrated circuit product testing device and a method thereof.The integrated circuit product testing device comprises a first conveying belt, a testing table and a second conveying belt, a detection machine body is installed on the testing table, a probe is arranged on the lower end face of the detection machine body, and a bottom supporting plate is arranged below the probe; mounting plates are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom supporting plate, an auxiliary conveying belt is arranged on the sides of the mounting plates, a Z-axis pressing strip is arranged on one side of the auxiliary conveying belt, a containing cavity for containing the bottom supporting plate is formed in the testing table, a group of lateral main clamping plates are rotationally mounted on each of the two horizontal sides of the bottom supporting plate, and pressing pieces are mounted on the lateral main clamping plates through detachable structures; according to the invention, the test of the integrated circuit product can be rapidly and continuously carried out, the manual intervention and the test time are obviously reduced, accurate positioning can be provided, and the circuit product is ensured to be located at the same test position during each test, so that the consistency and the reliability of the test are improved.

The invention discloses and provides a product multi-action linkage jig which has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient and fast to operate, moderate in cost, capable of achieving multi-action linkage and the like, other action mechanisms are completely linked through pushing of one air cylinder, and by controlling movement of a sliding rail assembly, the product quality is improved. And the motion precision of the product in the processes of flattening, clamping, needling and vacating the test space is ensured. The multi-action linkage jig comprises a jig carrier and a multi-action linkage module, product elements are arranged on the multi-action linkage module and the jig carrier in a limiting fit mode, the multi-action linkage module comprises a large fixing block, a linkage air cylinder, a Y-direction check block module, a pressing block assembly module and a side pressing module, and the linkage air cylinder is fixedly matched with the bottom of the large fixing block; the Y-direction check block module, the pressing block assembly module and the side pressing module are fixedly matched at the top of the large fixing block, the movable end of the linkage air cylinder pushes the Y-direction check block module, and the pressing block assembly module and the side pressing module are matched with product elements. The invention is applied to the field of product test linkage jigs.

This utility model discloses a tooling for an adjustable special valve, relating to the field of valve product testing technology. It includes a sleeve, a first connecting pipe, and a second connecting pipe. One end of the first connecting pipe is inserted into the sleeve and has an external thread for connection to a pressure testing bench. One end of the second connecting pipe is inserted into the sleeve and has a flange for connection to the product. Both are installed in the sleeve using a plug-in method and can be infinitely adjusted axially to adapt to different installation positions. The inner wall of the sleeve has a guide rail groove, and the middle of the connecting pipe has a guide rail that slides with it to achieve guidance and anti-rotation. A sealing sliding assembly is provided between the two connecting pipes and the sleeve, consisting of a rubber O-ring and a PTFE ring forming a double seal, and equipped with a wear-resistant ring to improve durability. This tooling has a compact structure, strong adaptability, and can be quickly clamped during pressure testing of valve products of different specifications, ensuring sealing reliability, improving testing efficiency, and reducing maintenance costs.

The utility model discloses a flapping door locking force detection device, which comprises a mounting base, a moving mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a dynamometer and a displacement sensor, and is characterized in that the mounting base is mounted on a flapping door mounting table, the moving mechanism is mounted on the mounting base, the lifting mechanism is connected with the moving mechanism, and the moving mechanism drives the lifting mechanism to move; the dynamometer is mounted on the lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism drives the dynamometer to lift, and the displacement sensor is mounted on the mounting base, so that the current situation that the locking force of the flap door unit cannot be accurately and quantitatively detected originally is changed, the equipment debugging and testing efficiency is improved, the flap door unit product testing and model selecting time of an owner is shortened, and the product testing efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, through the arrangement of the lifting mechanism, the height of the dynamometer can be conveniently adjusted, so that the device can detect the locking force of different positions of the flapping door, and the multi-position locking force measurement is realized.

The invention relates to a method for acquiring RF test data through code scanning. The method comprises the following steps: providing test data of RF related edge computing equipment; scanning a two-dimensional code of a to-be-tested product by using a code scanning gun, reading a text as a trigger instruction, judging whether the two-dimensional code is correct or not, and binding the text to test data; analyzing the format of the data returned by the equipment, obtaining the latest group of data and moving the test file to a preset storage system or a specified path; before test data processing is executed, test items modified by a user are dynamically obtained, and processing is carried out according to conditions after comparison; through the above steps, latest product test data and latest test items set by an operator can be obtained, and the data and the test product are associated and bound.

The utility model discloses an electronic product anti-falling performance testing device, which relates to the technical field of electronic product testing and comprises a shell, a height adjusting assembly is mounted on the shell, a clamping assembly is mounted on the height adjusting assembly, and the clamping assembly is used for fixing an electronic product. A bearing part is installed in the lower end of the rear side of the shell through a bearing, a plurality of test plates are rotatably installed on the bearing part at equal angles through torsional springs, a driving part is installed between the lower portion of the bearing part and the shell and used for driving the bearing part to rotate, and a jacking part is installed in the lower end of the shell and used for jacking the bearing part to rotate. And the jacking piece is used for driving the test plate positioned above the jacking piece to turn over. According to the anti-falling performance testing device for the electronic product, different types of grounds are simulated through different testing plates, so that various possible falling ground environments of the electronic product in the actual use process are more comprehensively simulated, and the tested materials are conveniently collected.

The invention discloses a hair washing and caring product component detection method, system and terminal, and relates to the field of washing and caring product detection. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring identification component information of a to-be-detected product, wherein the identification component information comprises a component name and an addition amount; generating expected detection data of each component according to the component name and the additive amount; obtaining a product sample and carrying out component analysis to obtain actual detection data; comparing the expected detection data with the actual detection data to obtain a detection deviation value of each component; and generating a component conformity evaluation result according to the detection deviation value. Through quantitative comparative analysis of the expected detection data and the actual detection data, accurate evaluation of product component conformity is realized, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are remarkably improved.

The application discloses a kind of multi-Pitch adjustable four-face needle equipment, to provide a kind of simple structure, with independent adjusting mechanism, cooperate visual positioning system multi-face independent adjustable probe test multi-Pitch adjustable four-face needle equipment.The application includes machine, probe adjustment module and transmission correction module, four groups probe adjustment module are arranged on the upper end of the machine, the transmission correction module is arranged on the lower end of the machine, the lower needle avoidance opening is arranged on the upper end of the machine, and the probe end of the four groups probe adjustment module is respectively matched with the corresponding lower needle position on the product on the transmission correction module.The application is applied to the technical field of product testing.