A time-sampling water quality testing system for aquaculture

Abstract

A time-sampling water quality monitoring system for aquaculture relates to the field of aquaculture environmental monitoring technology. This system establishes a time-sampling scheduling model, sets sampling frequencies according to different aquaculture stages, and performs sampling and testing at different depths of the water body through a stratified sampling structure. After acquiring water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and temperature, it constructs water quality evaluation indicators and classifies the water body status. Simultaneously, it dynamically adjusts the sampling frequency based on water quality status and parameter change trends, and coordinates with aeration equipment and water exchange devices for regulation, thereby forming a closed-loop control. This invention can improve the accuracy and real-time performance of water quality monitoring and effectively improve the stability of the aquaculture environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture environmental monitoring technology, specifically referring to a time-sampling water quality testing system for aquaculture. Background Technology

[0002] In aquaculture, water quality directly affects the growth rate and survival rate of aquatic organisms. Changes in key indicators such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentration, and pH value have a significant impact on the aquaculture environment. In existing aquaculture models, water quality monitoring typically relies on manual sampling or simple online sensor equipment. These methods suffer from low monitoring frequency, poor data continuity, and delayed response, making it difficult to reflect changes in water quality in a timely manner.

[0003] While some existing automated detection devices can achieve timed sampling and continuous monitoring, they typically use fixed time intervals for detection, failing to incorporate targeted monitoring of key behavioral nodes in the aquaculture process, such as feeding and low-oxygen periods at night, resulting in low detection efficiency. Furthermore, existing equipment often focuses on single-point or single-depth detection, ignoring the vertical stratification of water bodies and making it difficult to accurately reflect problems such as oxygen deficiency or pollution accumulation at the bottom.

[0004] In addition, most existing systems only provide detection data and lack a linkage mechanism with control equipment such as oxygenation and water exchange, so they cannot automatically adjust according to the detection results, thus limiting the actual application effect of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a time-sampling water quality testing system for aquaculture, so as to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a time-sharing sampling water quality detection system for aquaculture, comprising the following steps: S1, establishing a time-sharing sampling scheduling model, dividing the aquaculture cycle according to a preset time period, and setting corresponding basic sampling frequencies for different time periods; S2, sampling the aquaculture water body through a water sampling device, wherein the sampling includes at least stratified sampling at different depths; S3, detecting water quality parameters on the collected water samples, wherein the water quality parameters include at least dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and temperature; S4, constructing water quality evaluation indicators based on the detection results, and classifying and determining the water body state; S5, dynamically adjusting the sampling frequency according to the water body state, the current time period, and the trend of water quality parameter changes, and generating time-sharing sampling control instructions; S6, controlling the sampling device to perform sampling operations according to the time-sharing sampling control instructions, and using the detection results to drive water body regulation equipment; S7, continuously acquiring water quality data during the sampling and regulation process, and dynamically correcting the sampling frequency and regulation strategy according to water quality changes, thereby forming a closed-loop control process.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the time period includes at least the pre-feeding stage, the post-feeding stage, the night stage, and the stable operation stage, with each time period corresponding to a different basic sampling frequency.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the stratified sampling is achieved by sampling channels set at different depths, the different depths including at least the surface, middle and bottom layers of the water, and the sequential sampling of each sampling channel is achieved by an electronically controlled switching structure.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S3, the water quality parameter detection is completed by a multi-parameter sensor assembly or detection unit, and each water sample is detected sequentially to avoid cross-interference between water samples at different depths.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S4, the water quality evaluation indicators include at least the dissolved oxygen risk index, the eutrophication index, and the water body stability index. Each evaluation indicator is obtained by standardizing and weighting the corresponding water quality parameters.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S5, the trend of water quality parameter change is obtained by calculating the rate of change of detection data over multiple consecutive sampling periods, and the rate of change is used as one of the bases for adjusting the sampling frequency.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, when the rate of decrease of dissolved oxygen exceeds a preset threshold or the rate of increase of ammonia nitrogen exceeds a preset threshold, the sampling frequency is increased and abnormal areas are sampled repeatedly.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S6, the water body control equipment includes at least an oxygenation device, a circulating water pump, and a dosing device, and the control equipment automatically performs corresponding control operations based on the water quality status classification results.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S7, when the water quality is detected to be continuously improving and reaching the preset stable condition, the sampling frequency and control intensity are reduced; when the water quality is detected to be continuously deteriorating, the sampling frequency is increased and the control measures are strengthened.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, the generation of the time-sharing sampling control command also includes a priority scheduling process. When multiple water quality parameters are abnormal at the same time, the sampling and control priorities are determined according to the weights and degrees of abnormality of each parameter, and executed in priority order.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: By constructing a time-sharing sampling scheduling mechanism, water quality testing can dynamically adjust the sampling frequency according to different aquaculture stages. This allows for increased testing density during critical periods and decreased frequency during stable phases, achieving a balance between testing efficiency and energy consumption. Compared to fixed-cycle testing methods, this invention can more accurately capture water quality changes, improving the targeting and timeliness of monitoring.

[0017] By setting up a stratified sampling structure, independent sampling and detection at different depths of the water body are achieved, effectively solving the problem that traditional single-point detection cannot reflect the differences in water stratification, and enabling timely detection of conditions such as oxygen deficiency or pollution accumulation at the bottom. Simultaneously, by introducing water quality change trend analysis and a priority scheduling mechanism, the system can perform orderly detection and control based on the degree of anomaly of different parameters, improving overall response efficiency.

[0018] By linking water quality testing results with water body control equipment, a closed-loop control system integrating testing and control is formed. This system can not only monitor water quality, but also automatically perform operations such as oxygenation and water exchange based on the test results, thereby improving the stability of the aquaculture environment and reducing the need for human intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the time-sampling water quality testing method for aquaculture proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a time-sharing water quality testing system for aquaculture, which is applied to aquaculture ponds or recirculating aquaculture environments. The system includes a sampling execution component, a detection component, a control and analysis component, a time-sharing scheduling component, and a water body regulation component. The components are connected to each other through control lines and a data bus.

[0024] Structurally, the sampling execution component is positioned on one side of the aquaculture water body and fixed to the pool wall or floating platform by a support structure. The sampling execution component includes a vertically mounted guide bracket, a sampling head assembly that moves up and down along the guide bracket, and an electric push rod or stepper motor that drives the sampling head to rise and fall. The sampling head assembly has a protective shell on the outside and an inlet and filter structure inside. The inlet is connected to multiple sampling channels via pipelines, each corresponding to a different depth: the surface, middle, and bottom layers of the water body. Each sampling channel is equipped with an electrically controlled switching valve to control the collection and switching of water samples at the corresponding depth.

[0025] After the sampling head assembly moves to a preset depth position via a lifting mechanism, it controls the opening of the electronically controlled switching valve of the corresponding channel, allowing water at that depth to enter the sampling pipeline and be transported to the detection assembly. The detection assembly includes a water sample buffer chamber and a multi-parameter detection unit. The water sample buffer chamber temporarily stores water samples from different sampling channels, and a sequential control structure feeds the water samples one by one into the detection unit for testing. The detection unit includes a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, an ammonia nitrogen detection unit, and a temperature sensor. Each detection unit sequentially tests the incoming water sample, and after testing, the water sample is discharged through a drainage channel, thereby preventing mixing between different water samples.

[0026] The control and analysis component is electrically connected to the detection component to receive and process detection data. Specifically, the control and analysis component standardizes dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and temperature data, and calculates dissolved oxygen risk index, eutrophication index, and water stability index based on a preset algorithm, thereby constructing a comprehensive water quality assessment result and classifying the water quality status into three levels: normal, warning, and abnormal.

[0027] The time-sharing scheduling component controls the working rhythm of the sampling execution component. Internally, it includes a time division unit that divides the aquaculture cycle into pre-feeding, post-feeding, nighttime, and stable operation phases. Within different time periods, the control and analysis component calls the corresponding basic sampling frequency parameters and drives the sampling execution component to perform sampling operations at the set frequency via control signals. For example, in the post-feeding phase, the sampling frequency is set to a high-frequency sampling mode to promptly monitor the impact of feed decomposition on water quality; in the stable operation phase, the sampling frequency is reduced to decrease system energy consumption.

[0028] During system operation, the sampling execution component performs sampling according to the control instructions of the time-sharing scheduling component. After the detection component completes water quality detection, it transmits the data to the control and analysis component for processing and generates water quality status results. When the detection results indicate that the water quality is in an abnormal state, the control and analysis component sends a control instruction to the water body regulation component to drive the aeration equipment to start and increase the dissolved oxygen level in the water. When an increase in ammonia nitrogen concentration is detected, the circulating water pump or water exchange device is controlled to replace the water, thereby achieving automatic regulation of water quality.

[0029] Simultaneously, after each sampling cycle, the system stores the detected data in the data storage unit, forming time-series data for subsequent analysis and scheduling optimization. Through the above structure and process, time-segmented and stratified sampling and detection, as well as basic closed-loop control of aquaculture water bodies, are achieved.

[0030] This embodiment further refines the time-sharing scheduling mechanism and control logic, and introduces water quality change trend analysis and priority scheduling mechanism to achieve more refined dynamic control.

[0031] In practice, after acquiring data from multiple consecutive sampling periods, the control and analysis component calculates the rate of change for each water quality parameter, generating trend data on parameter changes. Specifically, the dissolved oxygen rate of change is obtained by dividing the difference in dissolved oxygen between two adjacent sampling periods by the time interval, and the ammonia nitrogen rate of change is calculated in the same way. When the dissolved oxygen rate of change is consistently negative and the rate of decrease exceeds a preset threshold, the water body is deemed to have a risk of hypoxia; when the ammonia nitrogen rate of change is consistently positive and the rate of increase exceeds a preset threshold, the water body is deemed to have a risk of eutrophication.

[0032] Based on this, the time-sharing scheduling component no longer relies solely on fixed time periods for sampling control, but instead adjusts the sampling frequency by comprehensively considering the current time period, water quality status level, and trends. Specifically, when the system is in the nighttime phase and a significant downward trend in dissolved oxygen is detected, it automatically switches to ultra-high frequency sampling mode and prioritizes repeated sampling of the bottom water body; when the system is in the post-feeding phase and a rapid increase in ammonia nitrogen concentration is detected, the sampling frequency is increased and the middle and bottom water bodies are monitored with a focus.

[0033] During the sampling process, the control and analysis component prioritizes different sampling areas based on the degree of anomaly of various water quality parameters. When the dissolved oxygen level in the bottom layer is higher than that in the surface layer, the sampling head is prioritized to remain in the bottom layer for continuous sampling, reducing the number of samplings in other areas, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy of key areas.

[0034] In terms of control execution, the system takes corresponding measures based on different anomaly types. When a decrease in dissolved oxygen is detected, the oxygenation equipment is activated first and its operating power is increased; when an increase in ammonia nitrogen concentration is detected, the water exchange system is activated and the water circulation rate is controlled. When multiple anomalies coexist, the control analysis component calculates the overall priority based on the weight and rate of change of each anomaly indicator, and executes the control operations in order of priority to avoid control conflicts.

[0035] During the closed-loop control process, the system continuously collects water quality data and evaluates the control effect. When the water quality is detected to be improving for several consecutive cycles and the trend is stabilizing, the sampling frequency and control intensity are gradually reduced to restore the system to a low-energy-consumption operating state. When the water quality is detected to be not improving or to be continuously deteriorating, the sampling frequency is further increased and the control measures are strengthened.

[0036] In addition, the system stores historical data and adjusts the sampling frequency threshold and change rate judgment parameters based on long-term operating data, enabling the system to adapt to different breeding environments and breeding density conditions, thereby improving overall adaptability and stability.

[0037] Through the above improvements, this embodiment realizes a time-sharing sampling scheduling mechanism driven by both time period and water quality change trend, and combines hierarchical sampling and priority control to achieve efficient and accurate detection and dynamic regulation of aquaculture water bodies.

[0038] In one application example of this embodiment, the system is used in a freshwater fish farming pond. The pond is rectangular, with an area of ​​2000 m² and a water depth of 1.8 m. Grass carp are farmed at a stocking density of 1.5 kg / m³, and the fish are fed twice daily at 08:00 and 18:00. The system is installed on a floating platform in the center of the pond, with the sampling and execution component fixedly installed below the floating platform.

[0039] In this embodiment, the water body is divided into three sampling layers along the depth direction: a surface layer at a depth of 0.3m, a middle layer at a depth of 0.9m, and a bottom layer at a depth of 1.6m. The sampling head is driven by an electric push rod to achieve the lifting and lowering action, with the lifting and lowering speed set at 0.05m / s. The parameters for a single sampling are set as follows: a single-layer sampling volume of 500mL, a sampling duration of 8s, and a pipeline flushing time of 5s.

[0040] Based on the aquaculture activities and the diurnal variation patterns of the water body, this embodiment divides different time periods and sets corresponding basic sampling frequencies. Specifically, the basic sampling frequency is once every 10 minutes during the pre-feeding period (07:30–08:00 and 17:30–18:00); once every 3 minutes during the post-feeding period (08:00–10:00 and 18:00–20:00); once every 5 minutes during the night period (22:00–05:00); and once every 20 minutes during the remaining stable periods. In addition, the system has set dynamic adjustment rules: when the dissolved oxygen decrease rate is greater than 0.5 mg / (L·h), the sampling frequency is automatically increased to once every 1 minute; when the ammonia nitrogen increase rate is greater than 0.2 mg / (L·h), the sampling frequency is increased to once every 2 minutes; when the change rate of each water quality indicator is less than 5% within 30 consecutive minutes, that is, when the water quality is determined to be stable, the sampling frequency is reduced to once every 30 minutes.

[0041] Thirty minutes after a feeding operation was completed, the system performed stratified sampling and testing according to the above settings. The actual water quality test data obtained are as follows: the dissolved oxygen concentration in the surface water was 6.2 mg / L, the pH was 7.5, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.12 mg / L, and the temperature was 26.5℃; the dissolved oxygen concentration in the middle water was 5.1 mg / L, the pH was 7.4, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.18 mg / L, and the temperature was 26.2℃; and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom water was 3.8 mg / L, the pH was 7.3, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.32 mg / L, and the temperature was 25.8℃.

[0042] This embodiment uses a weighted calculation method for water quality evaluation, with dissolved oxygen weighted at 0.4, ammonia nitrogen weighted at 0.35, pH weighted at 0.15, and temperature weighted at 0.10. Based on the above detection data, the following results were calculated: the bottom dissolved oxygen risk index is 0.72, which is relatively high; the eutrophication index is 0.65; and the comprehensive water quality score is 68, indicating a warning state.

[0043] Based on the above detection results and evaluation, the system determined that the current state met the conditions of a dissolved oxygen concentration below 4 mg / L and ammonia nitrogen showing a significant upward trend, and then executed dynamic scheduling and control response. First, the sampling frequency for the current post-feeding period was increased from once every 3 minutes to once every 1 minute, and the bottom layer was set as the priority sampling layer, with 3 consecutive sampling operations performed on it. Second, the system automatically issued control commands to improve water quality: the aeration control command increased the aerator's operating power from 50% to 90% and continued to run it for 20 minutes; the circulating water control command started the water pump, running it at a flow rate of 15 m³ / h for 30 minutes.

[0044] After implementing the above control measures and 30 minutes later, the system sampled and tested again, obtaining the following results: surface dissolved oxygen concentration was 6.5 mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.10 mg / L; mid-layer dissolved oxygen concentration was 5.8 mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.14 mg / L; bottom layer dissolved oxygen concentration was 5.2 mg / L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.20 mg / L. Based on these results, the system re-evaluated the water quality and determined that the water quality status had returned from "warning" to "normal," and the bottom layer dissolved oxygen concentration had recovered to a safe range.

[0045] After the water quality returned to normal, the system implemented a scheduling rollback mechanism. First, the sampling frequency was reduced from once every 1 minute to once every 5 minutes, and after maintaining this frequency for 10 minutes, it was further reduced to once every 20 minutes; at the same time, the operating power of the aeration equipment was restored to 30% of the normal level.

[0046] This application example demonstrates that the time-sharing sampling and dynamic scheduling method provided by this invention can promptly and automatically increase the sampling frequency during periods of rapid water quality change after feeding, and focus on monitoring abnormal conditions such as bottom-level hypoxia. The system can automatically activate oxygenation and circulating water control equipment based on the detection results, restoring the aquatic environment to a stable state in a short time. Compared with traditional fixed-period detection methods, the method provided by this invention significantly improves the detection response speed to water quality changes and the efficiency of subsequent control, while effectively reducing unnecessary equipment energy consumption while ensuring water quality safety.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0048] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aquaculture time-sharing sampling water quality detection system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a time-sharing sampling and scheduling model, divide the breeding cycle according to the preset time period, and set the corresponding basic sampling frequency for different time periods; S2. The aquaculture water body is sampled using a water sampling device, and the sampling includes at least stratified sampling at different depths; S3. Detect water quality parameters on the collected water samples. The water quality parameters include at least dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and temperature. S4. Construct water quality evaluation indicators based on the test results, and classify and determine the water body status. S5. Based on the water body state, the current time period, and the trend of water quality parameter changes, the sampling frequency is dynamically adjusted to generate a time-sharing sampling control command. S6. Control the sampling device to perform sampling operations according to the time-sharing sampling control command, and use the detection results to drive the water body regulation equipment; S7. During the sampling and control process, water quality data is continuously acquired, and the sampling frequency and control strategy are dynamically adjusted according to changes in water quality, thereby forming a closed-loop control process.

2. The water quality detection system for aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the time period includes at least the pre-feeding stage, the post-feeding stage, the night stage, and the stable operation stage, with each time period corresponding to a different basic sampling frequency.

3. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the stratified sampling is achieved by sampling channels set at different depths, the different depths including at least the surface, middle and bottom layers of the water, and the sampling of each sampling channel is achieved sequentially by an electronically controlled switching structure.

4. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the water quality parameter detection is completed by a multi-parameter sensor assembly or detection unit, and each water sample is detected sequentially to avoid cross-interference between water samples at different depths.

5. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the water quality evaluation indicators include at least the dissolved oxygen risk index, the eutrophication index, and the water body stability index. Each evaluation indicator is obtained by standardizing and weighting the corresponding water quality parameters.

6. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the trend of water quality parameter change is obtained by calculating the rate of change of detection data over multiple consecutive sampling periods, and the rate of change is used as one of the bases for adjusting the sampling frequency.

7. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the rate of decrease of dissolved oxygen exceeds a preset threshold or the rate of increase of ammonia nitrogen exceeds a preset threshold, the sampling frequency is increased and abnormal areas are sampled repeatedly.

8. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the water body control equipment includes at least an oxygenation device, a circulating water pump, and a dosing device. The control equipment automatically performs corresponding control operations based on the water quality status classification results.

9. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, when the water quality is detected to be continuously improving and reaching the preset stable condition, the sampling frequency and control intensity are reduced; when the water quality is detected to be continuously deteriorating, the sampling frequency is increased and the control measures are strengthened.

10. The aquaculture time-sampling water quality detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the generation of the time-sharing sampling control command also includes a priority scheduling process. When multiple water quality parameters are abnormal at the same time, the sampling and control priorities are determined according to the weights and degrees of abnormality of each parameter, and are executed in priority order.

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