A BIM-based geological modeling method

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a BIM-based geological modeling method. The method includes: acquiring the current geological cross-section model of the tunnel face and advanced geological exploration data; combining the two to infer and generate a virtual geological cross-section model of the tunnel face; and then constructing a geological exploration model to represent the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section. During tunnel excavation, based on newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face, an exposed geological model is constructed to represent the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The exposed geological model is compared with the geological exploration model, and the construction process of subsequent geological exploration models is optimized based on the comparison results. This disclosure enables the geological model to be dynamically updated as the construction progresses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of tunnel geological modeling technology, and in particular to a BIM-based geological modeling method. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, existing tunnel geological modeling methods mostly employ static or single-data-source approaches, making it difficult to effectively integrate face sketches with multi-source advanced geological prediction data such as tunnel seismic prediction (TSP), ground-penetrating radar, and advanced horizontal drilling. This results in geological model generation lagging behind construction progress and limited prediction accuracy. Existing technologies also suffer from low automation in geological sketch construction or BIM-based advanced geological prediction modeling, a disconnect between detection and exposure models, and difficulty in supporting dynamic decision-making. Consequently, they fail to meet the needs for real-time updates of geological information and intelligent decision support during tunnel construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a BIM-based geological modeling method.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a BIM-based geological modeling method is provided, comprising:

[0005] The current tunnel face geological cross-section model is obtained, as well as the advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel; the current tunnel face geological cross-section model is obtained based on the geological sketch data; the advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data. Based on the aforementioned advanced geological exploration data and combined with the current geological cross-section model of the working face, at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face is inferred and generated. A geological detection model is constructed based on the current geological cross-section model of the working face and the virtual geological cross-section model of the working face; the geological detection model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section; During the tunnel excavation process, newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face are obtained, and an exposed geological model is constructed based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face. The exposed geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The exposed geological model is compared with the exploration geological model to obtain the comparison results, and the subsequent exploration geological model construction process is optimized based on the comparison results.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a BIM-based geological modeling apparatus is provided, comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the geological cross-section model of the current tunnel face and the advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel; the geological cross-section model of the current tunnel face is obtained based on the geological sketch data; the advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data. The inference unit is used to infer and generate at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face based on the advanced geological exploration data and the current geological cross-section model of the working face. The first construction unit is used to construct a geological exploration model based on the current geological cross-section model of the working face and the virtual geological cross-section model of the working face; the geological exploration model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section; The second construction unit is used to acquire newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face during the tunnel excavation process, and to construct an exposed geological model based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face. The exposed geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The comparison unit is used to compare the exposed geological model with the exploration geological model to obtain a comparison result, so as to optimize the subsequent exploration geological model construction process based on the comparison result.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0010] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure can include the following beneficial effects: by acquiring the current geological cross-section model of the tunnel face and advanced geological exploration data, a virtual geological cross-section model of the tunnel face is generated by combining the two, and then a geological exploration model for characterizing the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section is constructed; during the tunnel excavation process, an exposed geological model for characterizing the actual geological conditions of the excavated section is constructed based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face, and the exposed geological model is compared with the geological exploration model. Based on the comparison results, the construction process of the subsequent geological exploration model is optimized, realizing the effective coupling of the tunnel face sketch data with advanced borehole and geophysical exploration data, so that the geological model can be dynamically updated with the construction progress; by establishing a comparison and verification mechanism between the geological exploration model and the exposed geological model, the actual geological information exposed in the excavated section is fed back to the prediction modeling process of the unexcavated section, forming a dynamic optimization closed loop, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of the subsequent geological prediction of the unexcavated section.

[0011] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a BIM-based geological modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the current geological cross-section model of the working face proposed in this publication.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the virtual horizontal borehole axis proposed in this publication.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the virtual working face geological cross-section model proposed in this publication.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stratigraphic boundary points proposed in this publication.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a virtual horizontal borehole axis and triangular mesh vertices proposed in this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a stratigraphic triangular prism proposed in this publication.

[0020] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of a stratigraphic triangular prism proposed in this publication.

[0021] Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of a stratigraphic triangular prism proposed in this publication.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of tunnel geological modeling based on the working face, advanced drilling, and geophysical data, as proposed in this publication.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a block diagram illustrating a BIM-based geological modeling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] Figure 12 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for a BIM-based geological modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure Labels 1. Current geological cross-section model of the tunnel face; 2. Triangular mesh; 3. Vertex; 4. Virtual horizontal borehole axis; 5. Lateral offset; 6. Vertical offset; 7. Point set after offset; 8. Virtual geological cross-section model of the tunnel face; 9. Stratigraphic triangular prism; 10. Intersection point; 11. Stratigraphic boundary point; 12. 3D route model; 1101-Acquisition unit; 1102-Inference unit; 1103-First construction unit; 1104-Second construction unit; 1105-Comparison unit; 1200-Device; 1202-Processing component; 1204-Memory; 1206-Power component; 1208-Multimedia component; 1210-Audio component; 1212-I / O interface; 1214-Sensor component; 1216-Communication component; 1220-Processor. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure.

[0027] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of this disclosure. The singular forms "a" and "the" as used in this disclosure are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0028] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in embodiments of this disclosure, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if” and “suppose” as used herein may be interpreted as “when”, “when”, or “in response to a determination”.

[0029] Furthermore, various forms of processes shown in the embodiments of this disclosure can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and no limitation is imposed herein.

[0030] It should be noted that the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information involved in the technical solution disclosed herein all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a BIM-based geological modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it should be noted that the BIM-based geological modeling method of this disclosure is applied to a BIM-based geological modeling device. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the geological cross-section model 1 of the current tunnel face and obtain advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel.

[0032] Among them, the current geological cross-section model 1 of the tunnel face is based on geological sketch data. Advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data.

[0033] In one embodiment, geological sketch data refers to the intuitive geological information obtained by geological technicians through on-site observation, measurement, and recording during tunnel construction, after the tunnel face has been excavated and before the next construction cycle. This data is typically presented in the form of charts and text, and its specific content includes the lithology exposed at the tunnel face and its distribution boundaries, the occurrence and development degree of rock mass structural surfaces (such as joints, fissures, and bedding), the integrity and fracturing of the surrounding rock, the state of groundwater (such as dry, wet, or linear water flow), and adverse geological phenomena (such as faults, interlayers, and weak zones). In this disclosure, geological sketch data serves as the basic input for describing the actual geological conditions of the excavated section, used to construct a geological cross-sectional model of the tunnel face, and to support the generation and verification of subsequent exposed geological models.

[0034] In this embodiment, on the one hand, based on the on-site geological sketch results of the current tunnel excavation face, a geological cross-section model 1 of the current tunnel face is created through vectorization processing. Specifically, based on the sketch information, geological boundaries are drawn within the tunnel design excavation outline and strata are filled in. Dedicated layers are set for the geological boundaries and strata filling to represent the actual geological conditions of the current exposed face in a structured manner. On the other hand, multi-source advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel is acquired simultaneously, including advanced borehole data and geophysical data such as TSP and ground-penetrating radar. Various heterogeneous exploration information is converted into structured data through a data input interface and associated with and stored with the corresponding engineering information and the tunnel structure BIM model. These two types of data together constitute the input basis for dynamic modeling, providing data support for subsequent inferences about the geological conditions of the unexcavated section based on the current geological conditions.

[0035] Step 102: Based on advanced geological exploration data and combined with the current geological cross-section model 1 of the working face, at least one virtual geological cross-section model 8 of the working face is generated.

[0036] In the embodiments disclosed herein, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, advanced borehole data can be parsed to generate a set of three-dimensional coordinates of the stratigraphic boundary points 11 revealed by the boreholes, and geophysical data (such as TSP and ground-penetrating radar) can be analyzed to identify stable sections similar to the current working face geological conditions. These sections are then defined as the generation range of virtual working faces. Based on this, multiple virtual working faces are generated within this range at preset intervals. The stratigraphic filling boundary lines in the current working face geological cross-section model 1 are extracted and converted into three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary lines. Then, combined with the coordinates of the borehole stratigraphic boundary points 11, the three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary lines corresponding to each virtual working face are calculated using an interpolation algorithm. Finally, these three-dimensional boundary lines are converted into planar lines and corresponding stratigraphic filling information is generated, thus forming a series of virtual working face geological cross-section models 8 that reflect the predicted geological conditions of the unexcavated section ahead. This process realizes the digital extension from the currently known geological face to the unknown area, laying a data foundation for constructing a continuous three-dimensional geological exploration model.

[0037] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 102 may specifically include the following steps: The first analytical result is obtained by analyzing the advanced borehole data, and a set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary is generated based on the first analytical result. The geophysical data is analyzed to obtain the second analysis result. Based on the second analysis result, a stable interval matching the current geological conditions of the tunnel face is determined, and the stable interval is defined as the mileage range of the virtual tunnel face. Based on the preset virtual tunnel face generation spacing, multiple virtual tunnel faces are generated within the mileage range; Extract the stratigraphic filling boundary line from the current geological cross-section model 1 at the working face, and convert the stratigraphic filling boundary line into a three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line; Based on the three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line and the set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary, an interpolation algorithm is used to calculate the corresponding three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line in each virtual working face; The three-dimensional boundary lines of the strata in each virtual tunnel face are converted into planar lines, and the corresponding strata filling information is generated to obtain the geological cross-section model 8 of the virtual tunnel face.

[0038] Understandably, the 3D stratigraphic boundary line is a vector line element that digitally describes the stratigraphic interface boundary in 3D space. It originates from the spatial transformation of the 2D stratigraphic boundary line in the current tunnel face geological cross-section model 1. By assigning it actual 3D coordinate information, the stratigraphic boundary line, originally located within the tunnel face plane, can be spatially positioned along the tunnel extension direction. This boundary line not only accurately depicts the dividing positions of different lithological layers on the tunnel face, but more importantly, it serves as a spatial reference for stratigraphic extension. Combined with advanced borehole data, interpolation algorithms can be used to calculate the stratigraphic boundaries corresponding to each virtual tunnel face. This provides crucial geometric constraints and attribute boundary basis for constructing virtual borehole stratigraphic information, generating stratigraphic prisms 9, and ultimately forming a continuous 3D geological model.

[0039] The core of step 102 lies in using multi-source detection data to digitally infer the geological conditions of the unexcavated section. Its specific implementation is a multi-stage data processing and model generation process.

[0040] In one embodiment, the basis for inference is first established by analyzing two types of advanced geological exploration data: On the one hand, the data from the advanced boreholes are analyzed to extract the strata boundary points revealed by the boreholes, forming a set of strata boundary points with precise three-dimensional coordinates. These points constitute the control framework for future strata changes. On the other hand, by analyzing geophysical data (such as TSP and ground-penetrating radar), analyzing their reflection characteristics or wave velocity distribution, stable sections that are highly similar to the current geological conditions of the working face (such as lithology and surrounding rock integrity) are identified, and the starting and ending mileage of the section is determined as the generation range of the virtual working face (i.e., the mileage range).

[0041] After determining the generation range, the virtual tunnel face generation spacing (e.g., 1.2 meters) is set based on the preset modeling accuracy requirements, and a series of equally spaced virtual tunnel faces are generated in batches within the aforementioned mileage range. In order to endow these virtual tunnel faces with stratigraphic information, the two-dimensional stratigraphic filling boundary line in the current tunnel face geological cross-section model 1 is extracted and converted into a three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line with actual spatial location, which serves as the starting reference for stratigraphic extension.

[0042] Subsequently, based on the aforementioned generated three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary lines and using the set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundaries as spatial constraints, interpolation algorithms (such as inverse distance weighted interpolation or kriging interpolation) are employed to calculate the specific spatial location of the three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary lines corresponding to each virtual working face. Essentially, this process involves a smooth transition or trend prediction between the known current stratigraphic morphology and the borehole control points ahead, ensuring that the generated stratigraphic boundaries both continue the geological characteristics of the current working face and conform to the actual stratigraphic changes revealed by the borehole.

[0043] Finally, the calculated 3D stratigraphic boundary lines on each virtual working face are transformed by coordinate transformation, rotating and translating them into the 2D plane coordinate system of that virtual working face, forming closed boundary lines within the plane. Based on these boundary lines, corresponding stratigraphic filling information is automatically generated. At this point, each virtual working face possesses a complete geological cross-sectional description, forming a sequence of 8 virtual working face geological cross-sectional models that can be used for subsequent 3D modeling, providing crucial data support for constructing continuous 3D geological exploration models.

[0044] Step 103: Construct a geological exploration model based on the current geological cross-section model 1 and the virtual geological cross-section model 8 of the working face.

[0045] Among them, the geological model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section.

[0046] In the embodiments disclosed herein, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, by converting the current face outline into a triangular mesh 2 and generating multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes 4 that run through each virtual face, continuous virtual borehole stratigraphic information is generated based on the axes and the three-dimensional boundary lines of the strata in each virtual face. Then, based on the virtual borehole stratigraphic information corresponding to each triangle in the current face triangular mesh 2 as the top face and its three vertices 3, stratigraphic triangular prisms 9 are generated segment by segment. After merging the triangular prisms of the same strata, the stratigraphic attributes and geophysical data are bound together to form a three-dimensional continuous geological model for characterizing the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section.

[0047] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 103 may specifically include the following steps a1-a5: Step a1: Convert the outline of the current geological cross-section model 1 of the tunnel face into a triangular mesh 2, and number each vertex 3 of each triangular mesh 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, a triangulation algorithm can be used to convert the continuous excavation outline boundary and internal stratum boundary into a triangular mesh 2 composed of multiple triangular facets, and each vertex 3 in the mesh is assigned a unique number. This process transforms the two-dimensional cross-sectional graphic into a point-line-surface topological structure that can be recognized and calculated by a computer, laying the foundation for subsequent three-dimensional spatial operations; wherein the vertex 3 number is used to establish the mapping relationship between vertex 3 and the virtual borehole axis and stratum attributes, so that the spatial position and stratum information of each triangular vertex 3 can be accurately tracked and associated during the longitudinal extension process.

[0049] Step a2: Based on the coordinates of the current face vertex 3 and the corresponding tunnel extension direction, generate multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes 4 within the modeling range.

[0050] In this embodiment of the disclosure, taking each vertex 3 in the current tunnel face triangular mesh 2 as the starting point, a series of virtual horizontal drilling axes 4 that run through each virtual tunnel face are generated within a preset modeling range based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertex 3 and the longitudinal extension direction of the tunnel.

[0051] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, for each selected vertex 3, the three-dimensional route model 12 within the modeling mileage range is first extracted, and a set of three-dimensional points is obtained at equal intervals along the route. Then, the lateral offset 5 and vertical offset 6 of vertex 3 relative to the three-dimensional route model 12 are calculated. The same offset is applied to each point in the subsequent mileage point set to ensure that the virtual borehole axis maintains a fixed relative position with the tunnel design axis during the extension process. Finally, the starting vertex 3 is connected to all offset point sets 7 in sequence to form a complete three-dimensional curve, i.e., a virtual horizontal borehole axis 4. By traversing all vertices 3 of the current face triangular mesh 2 and repeating the above process, multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes covering the entire modeling range are generated. These axes constitute the spatial skeleton connecting the current face and each virtual face, providing a continuous path basis for the subsequent allocation of stratigraphic information along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0052] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step a2 may specifically include the following steps: Select a vertex 3 in the triangular mesh 2 of the current working face and obtain its three-dimensional coordinates; Extract the three-dimensional route model 12 within the preset modeling mileage range, and obtain the three-dimensional point set at equal intervals on the three-dimensional route model 12; Calculate the horizontal offset 5 and vertical offset 6 of vertex 3 relative to the 3D route model 12; Each point in the three-dimensional point set is offset according to the horizontal offset 5 and the vertical offset 6 to obtain the offset point set 7; Connect vertex 3 to the offset point set 7 in sequence to generate virtual horizontal drilling axis 4; Return to the step of selecting a vertex 3 in the current working face triangular mesh 2 and obtaining its three-dimensional coordinates, traverse all vertices 3 of the current working face triangular mesh 2, and obtain all virtual horizontal borehole axes 4.

[0053] In the embodiments disclosed herein, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, for any selected vertex 3, its precise three-dimensional coordinates are obtained. These coordinates serve as the starting point of the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4. The three-dimensional route model 12 within the preset modeling mileage range is extracted. This model represents the spatial orientation of the tunnel design. On this model, sampling is performed at equal intervals to obtain a series of three-dimensional point sets distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. These point sets constitute the spatial reference for the extension of the virtual borehole axis.

[0054] To ensure that the virtual borehole axis accurately reflects the geological extension trend at the location of vertex 3 during its extension, the lateral offset 5 and vertical offset 6 of vertex 3 relative to the 3D route model 12 are calculated. These two offsets describe the specific position of vertex 3 on the tunnel cross-section, i.e., its horizontal and vertical distances from the tunnel design centerline.

[0055] Based on the aforementioned offset, each point in the previously obtained 3D point set is spatially offset, moving it from the tunnel design centerline to a position relative to the same cross-section as vertex 3, thus obtaining the offset point set 7. Finally, vertex 3 is sequentially connected to all the offset point sets to form a complete 3D curve, which is the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 corresponding to vertex 3.

[0056] Repeat the above process, traversing all vertices 3 in the current face triangular mesh 2, and generating a corresponding virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 for each vertex 3. All axes together form a spatial curve network covering the entire modeling range. Each axis maintains a consistent relative position with the tunnel design axis, providing a precise path basis for the subsequent continuous allocation of stratigraphic information along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0057] Step a3: Based on the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 and the three-dimensional boundary lines of the formation in each virtual working face, generate the formation information of the virtual horizontal borehole.

[0058] In this embodiment, for each virtual horizontal borehole axis 4, the intersection points 10 with all virtual face triangular meshes 2 can be calculated to obtain a set of intersection points 10 distributed along the axis. Each intersection point 10 is then determined to be within the three-dimensional boundary line of the stratum in the virtual face, and the stratum attribute corresponding to that boundary line is assigned to the intersection point 10. When the stratum attributes of two adjacent intersection points 10 are different, it indicates that there is a stratum interface between the two virtual faces. In this case, the midpoint between the two intersection points 10 is taken as the stratum boundary point 11, and the stratum attribute of the previous intersection point 10 is assigned to the midpoint and inserted into the set of intersection points 10, thereby ensuring that the precise location of the stratum interface is recorded. Starting from the second intersection point 10, the distance of each intersection point 10 from the first intersection point 10 along the axis is calculated as the borehole depth, and the stratum attribute of the current intersection point 10 is used as the borehole stratum between it and the previous intersection point 10, thereby obtaining continuous and complete stratum information for each virtual borehole from the current face to the end of the modeling range. This process converts discrete cross-sectional strata data into borehole columnar information that is continuously distributed along the tunnel longitudinal direction, providing a basis for the precise strata properties of each vertex 3 on each cross section for the subsequent generation of the strata triangular prism 9.

[0059] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step a3 may specifically include the following steps: Calculate the intersection points 10 of each virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 with all virtual face triangular meshes 2 to obtain the set of intersection points 10; Determine the stratum boundary line of each intersection point 10 within its virtual working face, and assign the stratum attribute corresponding to the stratum boundary line to intersection point 10. If the stratigraphic properties of two adjacent intersection points 10 are different, then take the midpoint of the two adjacent intersection points 10, assign the stratigraphic properties of the previous intersection point 10 to the midpoint, insert the midpoint into the set of intersection points 10, and determine the midpoint as the stratigraphic boundary point 11. Starting from the second intersection point 10, the distance from the first intersection point 10 along the virtual borehole axis of each intersection point 10 is calculated as the borehole depth, and the formation properties of the current intersection point 10 are used as the borehole formation between it and the previous intersection point 10 to obtain complete virtual borehole formation information; the first intersection point 10 is the starting intersection point 10 of the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4.

[0060] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 is spatially associated with the formation information on each virtual working face, so as to provide the precise formation attributes of each vertex 3 at each cross section for the subsequent generation of the formation triangular prism 9.

[0061] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, for each generated virtual horizontal borehole axis 4, its spatial intersection points 10 with all virtual face triangular meshes 2 within the modeling range are calculated. Since the virtual borehole axis runs through the current face and every subsequent virtual face, a series of intersection points 10 distributed along the axis are obtained, each intersection point 10 corresponding to the intersection position of a virtual face and the axis. These intersection points 10 constitute discrete sampling points distributed along the borehole path.

[0062] After obtaining the set of intersection points 10, each intersection point 10 needs to be assigned a stratigraphic attribute. Specifically, such as... Figure 5 As shown, for the intersection point 10 of the virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 on a certain virtual working face, based on the coordinates of the intersection point 10, it is determined which closed area enclosed by the three-dimensional boundary line of the strata in the virtual working face it falls within, and the lithological information of the corresponding strata in that area is assigned to the intersection point 10. This process maps the two-dimensional stratigraphic zoning information on the virtual working face to the corresponding position of the three-dimensional borehole axis.

[0063] After assigning attributes to intersection point 10, it is necessary to handle the stratigraphic changes between adjacent virtual working faces. If the stratigraphic attributes of two adjacent intersection points 10 are the same, it indicates that the stratigraphy remains continuous between the two working faces; if the stratigraphic attributes of two adjacent intersection points 10 are different, it indicates that there is a stratigraphic boundary between the two virtual working faces. In this case, the midpoint between these two intersection points 10 is taken as the approximate location of the stratigraphic boundary point 11, the stratigraphic attributes of the previous intersection point 10 are assigned to this midpoint, and this midpoint is inserted into the set of intersection points 10 in sequence. This process ensures that the precise location of the stratigraphic boundary can be recorded, avoiding model distortion caused by abrupt changes in stratigraphy.

[0064] Finally, as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, starting from the second intersection point 10 (or the inserted midpoint, i.e. the stratigraphic boundary point 11), the curved distance from each intersection point 10 along the virtual borehole axis to the first intersection point 10 (i.e. the intersection point 10 on the current working face) is calculated sequentially, and this distance is recorded as the borehole depth; and the stratigraphic properties of the current intersection point 10 are used as the borehole stratigraphic properties between it and the previous intersection point 10.

[0065] After the above processing, each virtual horizontal borehole axis 4 is converted into a virtual borehole columnar diagram containing multiple stratigraphic segments, each stratigraphic segment having a clear depth range and lithological information, providing the precise stratigraphic attribute basis for each vertex 3 at each cross section for the subsequent generation of stratigraphic triangular prism 9.

[0066] Step a4: Using each triangle in the current face triangle mesh 2 as the top face, generate multiple formation triangular prisms 9 based on the virtual horizontal borehole formation information corresponding to the three vertices 3 of the triangle.

[0067] In the embodiments disclosed herein, such as Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, each triangle in the current face triangle mesh 2 is used as a basic unit. Based on the formation information of the virtual borehole corresponding to its three vertices 3, formation triangular prisms 9 are constructed segment by segment between adjacent cross-sections. For each triangle, the three-dimensional coordinates of the three vertices 3 and the coordinates of their corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual face are first obtained. Then, it is determined whether there is a formation boundary point 11 between the current face and the next virtual face for the virtual borehole corresponding to each vertex 3. If there is, the first triangular prism is generated with the vertex 3 of the current face triangle as the top face and the formation boundary point 11 as the bottom face. Then, the second triangular prism is generated with the boundary point as the top face and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual face as the bottom face. If there is no boundary point, a single triangular prism is generated directly with the vertex 3 of the current face triangle as the top face and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual face as the bottom face. Each triangular prism uses the formation attribute of its bottom face as the formation attribute of the volume unit. By traversing all triangles in the current face triangular mesh 2, a series of stratigraphic triangular prisms 9 covering the entire modeling range are generated, providing the basic geometric and attribute units for the subsequent construction of a complete geological exploration model.

[0068] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step a4 may specifically include the following steps: Read a triangle from the current face triangle mesh 2 and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of its three vertices 3; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection point 10 of the virtual drilling axis corresponding to each of the three vertices 3 on the next virtual working face; Determine whether there is a stratigraphic boundary point 11 between the current working face and the next virtual working face for each virtual borehole corresponding to vertex 3; If a stratigraphic boundary point 11 exists, then: Using the triangle vertex 3 on the current working face as the top vertex 3 of the first triangular prism, and the stratum boundary point 11 of each region as the bottom vertex 3 of the first triangular prism, the first triangular prism entity is generated, and its bottom stratum attribute is used as the stratum attribute of the triangular prism. Using the stratigraphic boundary point 11 as the top vertex 3 of the second triangular prism, and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual working face as the bottom vertex 3 of the second triangular prism, a second triangular prism entity is generated, and the stratigraphic properties of the bottom surface of the second triangular prism entity are used as its stratigraphic properties. If there is no stratigraphic boundary point 11, then the triangle vertex 3 on the current working face is used as the top face, and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual working face is used as the bottom face to generate a triangular prism entity, and the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face are used as the stratigraphic properties of the triangular prism. Repeat the step of reading a triangle in the current face triangle mesh 2, traverse all triangles in the current face triangle mesh 2, and generate all the formation triangular prisms 9.

[0069] In this embodiment, each triangle in the current face triangular mesh 2 is used as a basic construction unit. Utilizing the virtual borehole stratigraphic information corresponding to its three vertices 3, triangular prism entities that accurately reflect stratigraphic changes are constructed segment by segment between adjacent cross-sections. By traversing all triangles and executing a set of geometric construction logic including conditional judgments for each triangle, a basic geological unit covering the entire modeling range is ultimately generated.

[0070] Specifically, for any triangle in the current tunnel face triangular mesh 2, the three-dimensional coordinates of its three vertices 3 are read. These three points constitute the top face of the future triangular prism. Simultaneously, the coordinates of the intersection points 10 of the virtual borehole axes corresponding to each of these three vertices 3 on the next virtual tunnel face are obtained. These three intersection points 10 constitute the reference points for the bottom face of the future triangular prism. Then, detailed stratigraphic information of the virtual borehole corresponding to each vertex 3 between the current tunnel face and the next virtual tunnel face is further obtained, particularly determining whether a stratigraphic boundary point 11 exists between these two sections.

[0071] Based on the information obtained above, if a virtual borehole corresponding to a vertex 3 has a stratigraphic boundary point 11 between the current working face and the next virtual working face, it indicates that the geological body needs to be further subdivided. In this case, the first triangular prism is generated: using the triangle vertex 3 on the current working face as the top face and the stratigraphic boundary points 11 as the bottom face, a triangular prism entity is generated, and the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face are used as the stratigraphic properties of this prism. Next, using the stratigraphic boundary point 11 as the bottom face as the top vertex 3 of the second triangular prism, and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual working face as the bottom vertex 3 of the second triangular prism, a second triangular prism entity is generated, again using the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face as its stratigraphic properties. By splicing these two triangular prisms, the stratigraphic interface is precisely embedded within them.

[0072] like Figure 9 As shown, if there is no stratigraphic boundary point 11 between the current working face and the next virtual working face for all virtual boreholes corresponding to vertex 3, it means that the stratigraphy in this area is continuous. A single stratigraphic prism 9 can be generated by taking the triangle vertex 3 on the current working face as the top face and the corresponding intersection point 10 on the next virtual working face as the bottom face, and the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face can be used as the stratigraphic properties of the prism.

[0073] After processing the current triangle, return to the step of "reading a triangle in the current face triangle mesh 2" to begin processing the next triangle. By traversing all triangles in the current face triangle mesh 2 and repeating the complete construction logic described above, a series of interconnected and continuously distributed stratigraphic triangular prisms 9 are finally generated. These prisms not only constitute a complete geological skeleton from the current face to the unexcavated section ahead, but each prism also carries precise stratigraphic attribute information, providing a solid geometric and attribute foundation for subsequent merging of identical strata and construction of a complete three-dimensional geological exploration model.

[0074] Step a5: Merge the triangular prisms of the same stratum and bind the stratum attributes and geophysical data to form a geological exploration model.

[0075] In this embodiment of the disclosure, adjacent triangular prisms with the same stratigraphic properties are geometrically merged to eliminate internal redundant interfaces and form a continuous and complete geological body entity. The corresponding stratigraphic lithology information is bound to each merged geological body, and the original multi-source geophysical data (such as TSP reflection intensity, ground-penetrating radar wave velocity, etc.) are associated with the corresponding geological body as attribute fields to form a geological exploration model that contains both three-dimensional geometric shape and rich geological and geophysical information.

[0076] It should be noted that the geological model can intuitively and quantitatively reflect the spatial distribution and lithological changes of the strata in the unexcavated section, providing a complete geological basis for subsequent construction decisions.

[0077] Step 104: Obtain geological sketch data of the newly exposed tunnel face during the tunnel excavation process, and construct an exposed geological model based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face.

[0078] Among them, the geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section.

[0079] In this embodiment, as tunnel excavation progresses, after each excavation cycle is completed and a new tunnel face is exposed, a field geological sketch of the new tunnel face is acquired. Based on the sketch information, geological boundaries are drawn within the designed excavation outline of the tunnel, and strata are filled in. Simultaneously, dedicated layers are set for the geological boundaries and strata filling, resulting in a corresponding geological cross-section model of the tunnel face. Based on this, and using the geological cross-section model of the tunnel face at the tunnel starting point and multiple geological cross-section models accumulated within the excavated section, a continuous three-dimensional exposed geological model is generated by converting the tunnel face outline into a triangular mesh 2 and constructing a stratigraphic triangular prism 9. This model, based on the actual geological information revealed by excavation, accurately reconstructs the stratigraphic distribution, lithological changes, and geological structure of the excavated section, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent comparative verification of the accuracy of the geological model and optimization of geological predictions for the unexcavated section.

[0080] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 104, which involves constructing an exposed geological model based on newly exposed geological sketch data of the working face, may specifically include the following steps: Based on the newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face, the geological boundary line is determined according to the geological sketch data. The geological boundary line is the design excavation outline of the tunnel. Stratigraphic filling is carried out in the area enclosed by the geological boundary line and the excavation outline. A special layer is set for the geological boundary line and the geological filling to obtain the corresponding geological cross-section model of the tunnel face. Based on the geological cross-section model of the tunnel face at the tunnel starting point and multiple geological cross-section models of the tunnel face within the excavation section, an exposed geological model is generated by converting the tunnel face outline into a triangular mesh 2 and constructing a stratigraphic triangular prism 9.

[0081] In this embodiment, each newly exposed tunnel face can be independently modeled in two dimensions. As tunnel excavation progresses and a new tunnel face is exposed, on-site geological sketch data of that face is acquired. Based on the sketch information, geological boundaries are drawn within the designed tunnel excavation outline. Stratigraphic filling is then performed within the closed areas enclosed by each geological boundary and the excavation outline. Dedicated classification layers are also set for all geological boundaries and stratigraphic filling areas. This process converts the on-site engineer's hand-drawn sketches or digital records into a structured, computer-recognizable geological cross-sectional model of the tunnel face, providing accurate two-dimensional input for subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction.

[0082] Based on the modeling of individual tunnel face cross sections, these discrete cross section information are further integrated into a continuous three-dimensional entity. Specifically, taking the geological cross section model of the tunnel face at the tunnel starting point as the starting benchmark, and combining all the geological cross section models of the tunnel faces accumulated within the excavation section, the same core technology as that used to construct the exploration geological model is employed. That is, by converting the tunnel face outline into a triangular mesh 2 and constructing stratigraphic triangular prisms 9 between adjacent cross sections, three-dimensional geological entities are generated segment by segment. This ensures that the revealed geological model maintains a high degree of consistency with the measured tunnel face sketch data in terms of geometric shape and stratigraphic properties.

[0083] The final exposed geological model, based on the geological information revealed by actual excavation, accurately reconstructs the spatial distribution of strata, lithological variations, and geological structural characteristics of the excavated section. The exposed geological model not only provides a true record of the geological conditions of the constructed section but also offers a reliable data foundation for subsequent comparison and verification with the exploration geological model, analysis of the accuracy of advanced forecasts, and optimization of geological predictions for the unexcavated section.

[0084] Step 105 involves comparing the revealed geological model with the exploration geological model to obtain comparison results, which are then used to optimize the subsequent exploration geological model construction process.

[0085] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the accuracy of advanced geological prediction is quantitatively verified by spatially comparing and analyzing the geological models revealed in the excavated section and the geological models detected in the unexcavated section, and a dynamic optimization closed loop is established based on the comparison results.

[0086] Specifically, the geometric deviations and stratigraphic property differences between the two models within the same mileage range can be statistically analyzed to generate comparative result data containing deviation values, locations, and types. This deviation data is then stored in an auxiliary decision-making knowledge base. Based on this, the construction parameters of subsequent geological exploration models can be adjusted in reverse according to the accumulated deviation data. This includes correcting the virtual face generation spacing, optimizing the weight allocation of the interpolation algorithm, or adjusting the generation density of virtual boreholes. This allows the geological prediction of subsequent unexcavated sections to continuously absorb the verification feedback from excavated sections, thereby continuously improving the accuracy and reliability of geological modeling.

[0087] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 105 may specifically include the following steps: The deviation data between the geological detection model and the geological exposure model are statistically analyzed and stored in a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base. Adjust the virtual face generation parameters, interpolation algorithms, or virtual borehole generation strategies based on deviation data to optimize the construction of the geological exploration model.

[0088] In one embodiment of this disclosure, a feedback optimization mechanism is established from the actual geological conditions revealed to future geological predictions. By comparing and analyzing the real geological model of the excavated section with the previously predicted geological model, the accuracy of the advance prediction is quantified, and the verification results are used to improve the geological modeling process of the subsequent unexcavated section.

[0089] Specifically, the study compares and analyzes the revealed geological model and the probe geological model, comparing the geometric differences of stratigraphic interfaces and the matching of stratigraphic attributes point by point within the same mileage range. This allows for the statistical analysis of multi-dimensional deviation data, including geometric deviation values, attribute misjudgment rates, and deviation distribution characteristics. This deviation data is systematically stored in a pre-constructed auxiliary decision-making knowledge base, linked to corresponding geological features, detection methods, and modeling parameters, forming a traceable and reusable accumulation of experience.

[0090] Based on the accumulation of sufficient deviation data, the strategy for constructing the geological exploration model is dynamically adjusted according to these historical deviation data.

[0091] For example, if deviation analysis shows that the generation spacing of virtual face is too large under certain geological conditions, resulting in loss of detail, adjust the generation spacing parameter; if the interpolation algorithm is found to have a large prediction deviation under a specific lithological combination, optimize the weight allocation of the interpolation algorithm or switch to a more suitable interpolation method; if the virtual borehole generation strategy fails to effectively capture the actual formation pinch-out or lens, adjust the density or generation method of the virtual borehole.

[0092] It should be noted that through the parameter optimization based on the actual verification results, the geological model for subsequent unexcavated sections can continuously absorb the feedback experience from excavated sections, thereby achieving a continuous improvement in the accuracy of geological prediction.

[0093] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method may further include: Extract key geological information from the currently constructed geological exploration model or geological exposure model to generate structured query text; Retrieve historical cases similar to structured query text from a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base; the auxiliary decision-making knowledge base stores historical tunnel construction cases, each of which includes geological feature data and corresponding construction decision data; The retrieved historical tunnel construction cases are combined with structured query text to form enhanced prompts, which are then input into a large language model to generate structured construction scheme suggestions. The types of construction scheme suggestions include at least one of the following: excavation method, advanced support, reinforced support, and lining.

[0094] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the completed geological model is intelligently linked with historical construction experience to provide scientific and traceable construction plan suggestions for tunnel excavation.

[0095] First, key geological information is extracted from the currently constructed exploration or exposure geological model. This information includes core features required for decision-making, such as tunnel face mileage, lithology type, surrounding rock grade, surrounding rock integrity, groundwater status, tunnel depth, and span. This information is then formatted into structured query text, such as "Current tunnel face mileage: 1230 meters; Lithology: Class V strongly weathered granite; Surrounding rock integrity: fractured; Groundwater: linear outflow." This step transforms the spatial and attribute information in the 3D geological model into standardized text input that can be processed by the subsequent retrieval module.

[0096] Secondly, similar case searches are performed in a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base. This knowledge base stores a large number of historical tunnel construction cases, each containing two parts of structured data: one is geological characteristic data (such as lithology, surrounding rock grade, groundwater, etc.), and the other is construction decision data matching the geological conditions (such as the selected excavation method, advanced support measures, reinforcement support parameters, and lining type). The input query text can be vectorized, and similarity calculations can be performed in the knowledge base to recall multiple historical cases most similar to the current geological conditions. These cases constitute the reference basis for subsequent intelligent generation.

[0097] Finally, the system combines the retrieved historical cases with the original query text to form an enhanced prompt, which is then input into the large language model for understanding and reasoning. This prompt explicitly instructs the model to recommend suitable construction schemes based on the provided historical cases and current geological conditions. The large language model, based on the decision-making logic in the reference cases and combined with the current geological characteristics, generates structured construction scheme suggestions, with output covering at least one of the following: excavation method type, advanced support type, reinforced support type, and lining type. In this way, the generated scheme suggestions are supported by historical experience and possess interpretability and traceability, providing a practical and effective reference for on-site construction decisions.

[0098] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the method may further include: After constructing the geological exploration model, the trained auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. After constructing the geological model, the auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. Based on the first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion, the second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion is reviewed and verified to obtain the target decision scheme.

[0099] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by calling the intelligent agent to generate scheme suggestions in stages and establishing a before-and-after comparison and verification mechanism, it is ensured that the construction decision can dynamically adapt to changes in geological conditions.

[0100] First, after constructing the geological exploration model, based on the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section represented by the geological exploration model, a pre-trained auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. This scheme suggestion reflects a preliminary judgment on the construction strategy to be adopted for the unexcavated section ahead, based on the current advanced geological prediction information, covering excavation methods, advanced support, reinforced support, and lining type, providing a forward-looking reference for subsequent construction preparations.

[0101] Subsequently, once tunnel excavation has progressed to this section, the new tunnel face has been exposed, and the exposed geological model has been constructed, the auxiliary decision-making agent can be invoked again to generate a second auxiliary decision-making scheme recommendation based on the actual geological conditions of the excavated section as represented by the geological model. This scheme recommendation is based on the actual exposed geological information and reflects the construction strategy recommended by the system under the current real geological conditions.

[0102] After obtaining the second proposed solution, it is compared and verified with the first proposed solution generated based on the geological exploration model. By analyzing the differences between the two proposed solutions and considering the actual geological conditions revealed on site, engineering technicians can review and revise the second proposed solution, ultimately determining the target decision solution applicable to the currently revealed geological conditions. This review and verification mechanism ensures that the final adopted construction plan both references the experience of previous predictions and fully respects the actual geological facts revealed, forming a complete closed loop from prediction to verification to decision confirmation.

[0103] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the decision-making aid can adopt a collaborative architecture of "large language model + retrieval-enhanced generation (RAG) mechanism + knowledge base". Its core principle is that upon receiving new geological data, instead of allowing the large language model to generate answers out of thin air, it first retrieves the most relevant historical cases from the knowledge base as reference, and then submits them to the large language model for induction and generation, thereby ensuring the scientific nature, interpretability, and traceability of the decision recommendations.

[0104] When decision support is needed, key geological information from the currently constructed "exploratory geological model" or "revealed geological model" will be extracted and formatted to generate a structured query text. This text contains key features required for decision-making, such as: "Current tunnel face mileage: 1230 meters; Lithology: Class V strongly weathered granite; Surrounding rock integrity: fractured; Groundwater: linear outflow; Tunnel depth: 50 meters; Tunnel span: 12 meters."

[0105] The structured query text is input into the retrieval module. This module vectorizes the query text and performs a similarity search in the decision support knowledge base, recalling the K most similar historical cases (e.g., K=3) to the current geological situation. These K cases constitute the "reference context".

[0106] During the enhancement phase, the retrieved K historical cases (including their "feature data" and "decision data") are combined with the original query text to form an enhanced suggestion. This suggestion explicitly instructs the large language model: Based on the provided historical cases, recommend appropriate excavation methods, advanced support, reinforced support, and lining types for the current geological conditions.

[0107] After receiving the enhanced prompts, the large language model performs understanding and reasoning, ultimately generating structured suggestions for decision support. The output format is clear and concise, for example: {Suggested excavation method: bench method with temporary invert arch; Suggested advanced support method: Φ42 advanced small guide pipes, circumferential spacing 0.3m; Suggested reinforced support method: I20b I-beam arch frame, spacing 0.6m; Suggested lining type: S5a type composite lining} In some embodiments of this disclosure, the optimization of the aforementioned intelligent agent does not rely on the retraining of the large language model itself, but is achieved through the continuous enrichment of the knowledge base and closed-loop feedback of case data. The results of the "solution suggestion result verification analysis" after each mining cycle (i.e., the actually adopted solution, the deviation from the suggested solution, verification analysis conclusions, etc.) are treated as a new case, reviewed, and then stored in the auxiliary decision-making knowledge base. As high-quality cases accumulate in the knowledge base, the RAG retrieval mechanism can recall more accurate reference cases, thereby making the final suggestions generated by the large language model more aligned with engineering practice, achieving continuous iterative optimization of the intelligent agent.

[0108] In some embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 10 As shown, this technical solution starts with the current face sketch, sets up geological boundary layers and stratum filling layers through vectorization processing, and inputs multi-source geological data by combining advanced horizontal drilling data and geophysical data such as TSP and ground-penetrating radar. This allows for the generation of a virtual face geological cross-section model, and the construction of a detection geological model to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section. After the detection model is built, an auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate auxiliary decision-making results, including suggestions for excavation methods, reinforced support schemes, advanced support schemes, and lining type schemes. Subsequently, the system collects the next face sketch for the current excavation section and determines whether a next face exists. If it does, the system returns to process the next face sketch; if not, it organizes all face sketches from the current excavation process, creates geological cross-section models of all faces in the excavation section, and constructs an exposure geological model based on these models to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. After the model is built, the auxiliary decision-making agent is called again to regenerate auxiliary decision-making schemes, including suggestions for excavation methods, reinforced support, advanced support, and lining types. The generated scheme suggestions are then reviewed to form the basis for the final decision.

[0109] According to the BIM-based geological modeling method proposed in this disclosure, a virtual geological cross-section model of the tunnel face is generated by acquiring the current geological cross-section model of the tunnel face and advanced geological exploration data, and then constructing an exploration geological model to represent the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section. During tunnel excavation, an exposed geological model is constructed based on newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face to represent the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The exposed geological model is compared with the exploration geological model, and the construction process of the subsequent exploration geological model is optimized based on the comparison results. This achieves effective coupling between the tunnel face sketch data and advanced borehole and geophysical data, enabling the geological model to be dynamically updated with the construction progress. By establishing a comparison and verification mechanism between the exploration geological model and the exposed geological model, the actual geological information revealed in the excavated section is fed back to the prediction modeling process of the unexcavated section, forming a dynamic optimization closed loop, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of subsequent geological predictions for the unexcavated section.

[0110] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of a BIM-based geological modeling device according to an exemplary embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 11 The device includes an acquisition unit 1101, a prediction unit 1102, a first construction unit 1103, a second construction unit 1104, and a comparison unit 1105.

[0111] The acquisition unit 1101 is used to acquire the geological cross-section model of the current tunnel face and the advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel. The geological cross-section model of the current tunnel face is obtained based on geological sketch data. The advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data. The inference unit 1102 is used to infer and generate at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face based on advanced geological exploration data and the current geological cross-section model of the working face. The first building unit 1103 is used to build a geological exploration model based on the current geological cross-section model of the working face and the virtual geological cross-section model of the working face; the geological exploration model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section; The second building unit 1104 is used to acquire newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face during the tunnel excavation process, and to build an exposed geological model based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face. The exposed geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The comparison unit 1105 is used to compare the exposed geological model with the exploration geological model to obtain the comparison results, so as to optimize the subsequent exploration geological model construction process based on the comparison results.

[0112] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the speculation unit 1102 may specifically be used for: The first analytical result is obtained by analyzing the advanced borehole data, and a set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary is generated based on the first analytical result. The geophysical data is analyzed to obtain the second analysis result. Based on the second analysis result, a stable interval matching the current geological conditions of the tunnel face is determined, and the stable interval is defined as the mileage range of the virtual tunnel face. Based on the preset virtual tunnel face generation spacing, multiple virtual tunnel faces are generated within the mileage range; Extract the stratigraphic filling boundary line from the current geological cross-section model of the working face, and convert the stratigraphic filling boundary line into a three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line; Based on the three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line and the set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary, an interpolation algorithm is used to calculate the corresponding three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line in each virtual working face; The three-dimensional boundary lines of the strata in each virtual tunnel face are converted into planar lines, and the corresponding strata filling information is generated to obtain the geological cross-section model of the virtual tunnel face.

[0113] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first building unit 1103 may specifically be used for: The outline of the current geological cross-section model of the working face is converted into a triangular mesh, and each vertex of each triangular mesh is numbered. Based on the vertex coordinates of the current tunnel face and the corresponding tunnel extension direction, multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes are generated within the modeling range; Based on the virtual horizontal borehole axis and the three-dimensional boundary lines of the formation in each virtual working face, virtual horizontal borehole formation information is generated. Using each triangle in the current face triangle mesh as the top face, multiple formation triangular prisms are generated based on the formation information of the virtual horizontal boreholes corresponding to the three vertices of the triangles; By merging triangular prisms of the same stratum and binding them with stratum properties and geophysical data, a geological exploration model is formed.

[0114] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first building unit 1103 may specifically be used for: Select a vertex in the triangular mesh of the current working face and obtain its three-dimensional coordinates; Extract the 3D route model within the preset modeling mileage range, and obtain 3D point sets at equal intervals on the 3D route model; Calculate the lateral and vertical offsets of the vertices relative to the 3D route model; Each point in the 3D point set is offset according to the horizontal and vertical offsets to obtain the offset point set; Connect the vertices to the offset point set in sequence to generate a virtual horizontal borehole axis; Return to the previous step of selecting a vertex in the current face triangle mesh and obtaining its 3D coordinates, then traverse all vertices of the current face triangle mesh to obtain all virtual horizontal borehole axes.

[0115] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first building unit 1103 may specifically be used for: Calculate the intersection points of each virtual horizontal borehole axis with all virtual face triangular meshes to obtain the set of intersection points; Determine the 3D boundary line of the stratum to which each intersection point belongs in the virtual working face, and assign the stratum attribute corresponding to the 3D boundary line to the intersection point; If the stratigraphic properties of two adjacent intersection points are different, then take the midpoint of the two adjacent intersection points, assign the stratigraphic properties of the previous intersection point to the midpoint, insert the midpoint into the intersection point set, and determine the midpoint as the stratigraphic boundary point. Starting from the second intersection point, the distance from the first intersection point along the virtual borehole axis is calculated as the borehole depth, and the formation attribute of the current intersection point is used as the borehole formation between it and the previous intersection point to obtain complete virtual borehole formation information; the first intersection point is the starting intersection point of the virtual horizontal borehole axis.

[0116] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first building unit 1103 may specifically be used for: Read a triangle from the current face triangle mesh and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of its three vertices; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection points of the virtual drilling axes corresponding to the three vertices on the next virtual working face; Determine whether there is a stratigraphic boundary point between the current working face and the next virtual working face for each vertex corresponding to the virtual borehole; If a stratigraphic boundary exists, then: The first triangular prism entity is generated by taking the triangle vertex on the current working face as the top vertex of the first triangular prism and the stratum boundary points of each region as the bottom vertex of the first triangular prism. The stratum properties of its bottom surface are used as the stratum properties of the triangular prism. Using the stratigraphic boundary point as the top vertex of the second triangular prism, and the corresponding intersection point on the next virtual working face as the bottom vertex of the second triangular prism, a second triangular prism entity is generated, and the stratigraphic properties of the bottom face of the second triangular prism entity are used as its stratigraphic properties. If no stratigraphic boundary point exists, a triangular prism entity is generated by taking the vertex of the triangle on the current working face as the top face and the corresponding intersection point on the next virtual working face as the bottom face, and the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face are used as the stratigraphic properties of the triangular prism. Repeat the step of reading a triangle in the current face triangle mesh, traverse all triangles in the current face triangle mesh, and generate all formation triangular prisms.

[0117] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus further includes a generation unit, which may specifically be used for: Extract key geological information from the currently constructed geological exploration model or geological exposure model to generate structured query text; Retrieve historical cases similar to structured query text from a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base; the auxiliary decision-making knowledge base stores historical tunnel construction cases, each of which includes geological feature data and corresponding construction decision data; The retrieved historical tunnel construction cases are combined with structured query text to form enhanced prompts, which are then input into a large language model to generate structured construction scheme suggestions. The types of construction scheme suggestions include at least one of the following: excavation method, advanced support, reinforced support, and lining.

[0118] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the comparison unit 1105 may specifically be used for: The deviation data between the geological detection model and the geological exposure model are statistically analyzed and stored in a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base. Adjust the virtual face generation parameters, interpolation algorithms, or virtual borehole generation strategies based on deviation data to optimize the construction of the geological exploration model.

[0119] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the second building unit 1104 may specifically be used for: Based on the newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face, the geological boundary line is determined according to the geological sketch data. The geological boundary line is the design excavation outline of the tunnel. Stratigraphic filling is carried out in the area enclosed by the geological boundary line and the excavation outline. A special layer is set for the geological boundary line and the geological filling to obtain the corresponding geological cross-section model of the tunnel face. Based on the geological cross-section model of the tunnel face at the tunnel starting point and multiple geological cross-section models of the tunnel face within the excavation section, an exposed geological model is generated by converting the tunnel face outline into a triangular mesh and constructing a stratigraphic triangular prism.

[0120] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus further includes a decision-making unit, which may specifically be used for: After constructing the geological exploration model, the trained auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. After constructing the geological model, the auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. Based on the first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion, the second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion is reviewed and verified to obtain the target decision scheme.

[0121] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0122] According to the BIM-based geological modeling device proposed in this disclosure, a virtual geological cross-section model of the tunnel face is generated by acquiring the current geological cross-section model of the tunnel face and advanced geological exploration data, and then a geological exploration model is constructed to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section. During tunnel excavation, an exposed geological model is constructed based on newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The exposed geological model is compared with the geological exploration model, and the construction process of the subsequent geological exploration model is optimized based on the comparison results. This achieves effective coupling between the tunnel face sketch data and advanced borehole and geophysical data, enabling the geological model to be dynamically updated with the construction progress. By establishing a comparison and verification mechanism between the geological exploration model and the exposed geological model, the actual geological information revealed in the excavated section is fed back to the prediction modeling process of the unexcavated section, forming a dynamic optimization closed loop, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of subsequent geological predictions for the unexcavated section.

[0123] Figure 12 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for a BIM-based geological modeling method according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, apparatus 1200 may be an electronic device, such as a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, tablet device, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0124] Reference Figure 12 The device 1200 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 1202, a memory 1204, a power component 1206, a multimedia component 1208, an audio component 1210, an input / output I / O interface 1212, a sensor component 1214, and a communication component 1216.

[0125] Processing component 1202 typically controls the overall operation of device 1200, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording operations. Processing component 1202 may include one or more processors 1220 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 1202 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 1202 and other components. For example, processing component 1202 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 1208 and processing component 1202.

[0126] Memory 1204 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of device 1200. Examples of this data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 1200, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, etc. Memory 1204 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0127] The power supply component 1206 provides power to the various components of the device 1200. The power supply component 1206 may include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the device 1200.

[0128] Multimedia component 1208 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device 1200 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of the touch or swipe action but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 1208 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the device 1200 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0129] Audio component 1210 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 1210 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when device 1200 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 1204 or transmitted via communication component 1216. In some embodiments, audio component 1210 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0130] I / O interface 1212 provides an interface between processing component 1202 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0131] Sensor assembly 1214 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessments of various aspects of device 1200. For example, sensor assembly 1214 may detect the on / off state of device 1200, the relative positioning of components such as the display and keypad of device 1200, changes in the position of device 1200 or a component of device 1200, the presence or absence of user contact with device 1200, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of device 1200, and temperature changes of device 1200. Sensor assembly 1214 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 1214 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 1214 may also include an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0132] Communication component 1216 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between device 1200 and other devices. Device 1200 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, 2G, or 3G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 1216 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 1216 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 1200 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the methods described above.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 1204 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 1220 of the device 1200 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that implements the above-described method when executed by the processor 1220 of the device 1200.

[0136] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0137] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

1. A BIM-based geological modeling method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the geological cross-sectional model of the current tunnel face, and obtain advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel; The current geological cross-section model of the working face is obtained based on geological sketch data; the advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data; Based on the aforementioned advanced geological exploration data and combined with the current geological cross-section model of the working face, at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face is inferred and generated. A geological detection model is constructed based on the current geological cross-section model of the working face and the virtual geological cross-section model of the working face; the geological detection model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section; During the tunnel excavation process, newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face are obtained, and an exposed geological model is constructed based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face. The exposed geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The exposed geological model is compared with the exploration geological model to obtain the comparison results, and the subsequent exploration geological model construction process is optimized based on the comparison results.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the advanced geological exploration data and combined with the current geological cross-section model of the working face, at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face is inferred and generated, including: The first analytical result is obtained by analyzing the advanced borehole data, and a set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary is generated based on the first analytical result. The geophysical data is analyzed to obtain a second analysis result. Based on the second analysis result, a stable interval matching the current geological conditions of the tunnel face is determined, and the stable interval is determined as the mileage range of the virtual tunnel face. Based on a preset virtual tunnel face generation spacing, multiple virtual tunnel faces are generated within the mileage range; Extract the stratigraphic filling boundary line from the current geological cross-section model of the working face, and convert the stratigraphic filling boundary line into a three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line; Based on the three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line and the set of three-dimensional coordinate points of the borehole stratigraphic boundary, an interpolation algorithm is used to calculate the corresponding three-dimensional stratigraphic boundary line in each virtual working face; The three-dimensional boundary lines of the strata in each virtual tunnel face are converted into planar lines, and the corresponding strata filling information is generated to obtain the geological cross-section model of the virtual tunnel face.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the exploration geological model based on the current working face geological cross-section model and the virtual working face geological cross-section model includes: The outline of the current geological cross-section model of the working face is converted into a triangular mesh, and each vertex of each triangular mesh is numbered. Based on the vertex coordinates of the current tunnel face and the corresponding tunnel extension direction, multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes are generated within the modeling range; Based on the virtual horizontal borehole axis and the three-dimensional boundary lines of the formation in each virtual working face, virtual horizontal borehole formation information is generated. Using each triangle in the current face triangle mesh as the top face, multiple formation triangular prisms are generated based on the formation information of the virtual horizontal boreholes corresponding to the three vertices of the triangles; By merging triangular prisms of the same stratum and binding them with stratum properties and geophysical data, a geological exploration model is formed.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process involves generating multiple virtual horizontal borehole axes within the modeling range based on the vertex coordinates of the current tunnel face and the corresponding tunnel extension direction, including: Select a vertex in the triangular mesh of the current working face and obtain its three-dimensional coordinates; Extract a three-dimensional route model within a preset modeling mileage range, and obtain a three-dimensional point set at equal intervals on the three-dimensional route model; Calculate the lateral and vertical offsets of the vertex relative to the 3D route model; Each point in the three-dimensional point set is offset according to the horizontal and vertical offsets to obtain the offset point set; By sequentially connecting the vertices with the offset set of points, a virtual horizontal borehole axis is generated; Return to the step of selecting a vertex in the triangular mesh of the current working face and obtaining its three-dimensional coordinates, traverse all vertices of the triangular mesh of the current working face, and obtain all virtual horizontal borehole axes.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of generating virtual horizontal borehole formation information based on the virtual horizontal borehole axis and the three-dimensional boundary lines of the formation in each virtual working face includes: Calculate the intersection points of each virtual horizontal borehole axis with all virtual face triangular meshes to obtain the set of intersection points; Determine the stratum boundary line of the virtual working face to which each intersection point belongs, and assign the stratum attribute corresponding to the stratum boundary line to the intersection point. If the stratigraphic properties of two adjacent intersection points are different, then take the midpoint of the two adjacent intersection points, assign the stratigraphic properties of the previous intersection point to the midpoint, insert the midpoint into the intersection point set, and determine the midpoint as the stratigraphic boundary point. Starting from the second intersection point, the distance from the first intersection point along the virtual borehole axis is calculated as the borehole depth, and the formation attribute of the current intersection point is used as the borehole formation between it and the previous intersection point to obtain complete virtual borehole formation information; the first intersection point is the starting intersection point of the virtual horizontal borehole axis.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of generating multiple formation triangular prisms based on the virtual horizontal borehole formation information corresponding to the three vertices of each triangle in the current face triangle mesh, with each triangle as its apex, includes: Read a triangle from the current face triangle mesh and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of its three vertices; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection points of the virtual drilling axes corresponding to the three vertices on the next virtual working face; Determine whether there is a stratigraphic boundary point between the current working face and the next virtual working face for each vertex corresponding to the virtual borehole; If a stratigraphic boundary exists, then: The first triangular prism entity is generated by taking the triangle vertex on the current working face as the top vertex of the first triangular prism and the stratum boundary points of each region as the bottom vertex of the first triangular prism. The stratum properties of its bottom surface are used as the stratum properties of the triangular prism. Using the stratigraphic boundary point as the top vertex of the second triangular prism, and the corresponding intersection point on the next virtual working face as the bottom vertex of the second triangular prism, a second triangular prism entity is generated, and the stratigraphic properties of the bottom surface of the second triangular prism entity are used as its stratigraphic properties. If no stratigraphic boundary point exists, a triangular prism entity is generated by taking the vertex of the triangle on the current working face as the top face and the corresponding intersection point on the next virtual working face as the bottom face, and the stratigraphic properties of its bottom face are used as the stratigraphic properties of the triangular prism. Repeat the steps of reading a triangle from the current face triangle grid, traverse all triangles in the current face triangle grid, and generate all formation triangular prisms.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Extract key geological information from the currently constructed geological exploration model or geological exposure model to generate structured query text; Retrieve historical cases similar to the structured query text from a pre-built auxiliary decision-making knowledge base; the auxiliary decision-making knowledge base stores historical tunnel construction cases, each of which includes geological feature data and corresponding construction decision data; The retrieved historical tunnel construction cases are combined with the structured query text to form enhanced prompt words, which are then input into a large language model to generate structured construction plan suggestions. The types of construction plan suggestions include at least one of the following: excavation method type, advanced support type, reinforced support type, and lining type.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the exposed geological model with the probe geological model to obtain comparison results includes: The deviation data between the geological detection model and the geological exposure model are statistically analyzed, and the deviation data is stored in a pre-constructed auxiliary decision-making knowledge base; Based on the deviation data, adjust the virtual face generation parameters, interpolation algorithm, or virtual borehole generation strategy to optimize the construction of the geological exploration model.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the exposed geological model based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the working face includes: Based on the newly revealed geological sketch data of the tunnel face, the geological boundary line is determined according to the geological sketch data. The geological boundary line is the design excavation outline of the tunnel. Stratigraphic filling is carried out in the area enclosed by the geological boundary lines and the excavation outline. A special layer is set for the geological boundary line and the geological filling to obtain the corresponding geological cross-section model of the tunnel face. Based on the geological cross-section model of the tunnel face at the tunnel starting point and multiple geological cross-section models of the tunnel face within the excavation section, an exposed geological model is generated by converting the tunnel face outline into a triangular mesh and constructing a stratigraphic triangular prism.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: After constructing the geological exploration model, the trained auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. After constructing the geological model, the auxiliary decision-making agent is invoked to generate a second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion. Based on the first auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion, the second auxiliary decision-making scheme suggestion is reviewed and verified to obtain the target decision scheme.

11. A BIM-based geological modeling device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the geological cross-sectional model of the current tunnel face and to acquire advanced geological exploration data of the unexcavated section of the tunnel. The current geological cross-sectional model of the working face is obtained based on the geological sketch data; the advanced geological exploration data includes advanced borehole data and geophysical data; The inference unit is used to infer and generate at least one virtual geological cross-section model of the working face based on the advanced geological exploration data and the current geological cross-section model of the working face. The first construction unit is used to construct a geological exploration model based on the current geological cross-section model of the working face and the virtual geological cross-section model of the working face; the geological exploration model is used to characterize the geological prediction information of the unexcavated section; The second construction unit is used to acquire newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face during the tunnel excavation process, and to construct an exposed geological model based on the newly exposed geological sketch data of the tunnel face. The exposed geological model is used to characterize the actual geological conditions of the excavated section. The comparison unit is used to compare the exposed geological model with the exploration geological model to obtain a comparison result, so as to optimize the subsequent exploration geological model construction process based on the comparison result.

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