Intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid samples

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical supplies technology, specifically to an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens. The cabinet comprises a cabinet body, a partitioned storage system, a control unit (i.e., an industrial-grade main controller), and a communication and control execution module. The cabinet body is integrally formed from 304 stainless steel and includes multiple physically isolated specimen storage areas and a low-temperature storage area. The main controller, based on an ARM Cortex-A series processor and equipped with an embedded system, serves as the core for managing all modules. The communication module enables data interaction with the hospital information system, and the control execution module, controlled by the main controller, centrally manages the electromagnetic locks and status indicators of each storage compartment door. This invention achieves standardized and intelligent temporary storage and transfer of body fluid specimens, improving management automation and reliability, and ensuring storage hygiene and safety as well as the integrity of information management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical supplies technology, specifically to an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens. Background Technology

[0002] In modern hospital diagnostic and treatment processes, the test results of bodily fluid specimens (blood, urine, etc.) are crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. The transit and storage phase from specimen collection to delivery to the laboratory requires proper preservation within specific temperature, humidity, and time limits to ensure the accuracy of test results. With the increasing intelligence of hospitals and stricter medical quality control, this process urgently needs to achieve management goals of environmental control, information traceability, efficient workflow, and error control.

[0003] Currently, the temporary storage of specimens in inpatient wards and centralized blood collection points generally adopts a mixed storage mode of ordinary refrigerators and lockers. This relies on nurses manually filling out handover forms and manually notifying the central transportation department to pick up and deliver specimens. The entire process is manual and has many pain points that urgently need to be addressed: First, there is a lack of environmental control. Ordinary refrigeration equipment has no monitoring alarm for temperature fluctuations, and ambient temperature cabinets have no environmental control, which can easily lead to batch deterioration of specimens. Second, the management method is crude. Specimens are stored in a mixed manner, making it difficult to check and find them, and easily leading to problems such as misplacement, misretrieval, and expiration of time. Third, there are gaps in information tracking. The status of specimens cannot be tracked in real time after they are stored, and paper handover forms are easily lost, creating information silos. Fourth, the transportation process is passive, relying on manual telephone notifications, which is inefficient and cannot prioritize the dispatch of urgent specimens.

[0004] Among the existing improvement solutions, the most similar one is an intelligent specimen storage cabinet with barcode scanning and temperature display. It mainly consists of a cabinet, storage compartments with electronic locks, a barcode scanner, an embedded touch screen, and a simple controller. It can realize specimen barcode scanning for storage and retrieval, compartment status display, and rough temperature display and alarm for refrigerated models. The core is to add automated barcode scanning and status prompt functions to the traditional storage cabinet.

[0005] However, the existing solution still has significant limitations and fails to fundamentally address the aforementioned pain points: First, environmental control is rudimentary, only able to roughly monitor the overall temperature of the cabinet, unable to achieve differentiated and precise temperature control based on specimen type, and lacking humidity control and emergency temperature control guarantees; Second, information management is fragmented, only recording specimen storage location and simple time information, without deep integration with the hospital information system, making it impossible to achieve full-process information traceability for specimens; Third, the degree of process automation is insufficient, with random allocation of storage spaces, specimen transfer, and reminders still relying on manual intervention, failing to achieve automatic scheduling based on preset rules; Fourth, hygiene and safety design is lacking, with the internal structure not optimized for bodily fluid specimens, easily leading to cross-contamination and posing biosafety hazards; Fifth, system reliability is weak, relying on a single mains power supply without a backup power source, power outages or equipment failures can easily lead to data loss and threaten specimen safety. In summary, the existing solution is merely a simple automated storage device, unable to meet the high-quality management requirements of specimen transfer and storage, and a comprehensive intelligent management solution is urgently needed to address this issue. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens, which solves the problems of rudimentary environmental control, fragmented information management, insufficient automation of processes, lack of hygiene and safety design, and weak system reliability of existing specimen temporary storage equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens, comprising: a cabinet body, a partitioned storage system, a control unit, a communication module, and an actuator; The cabinet has multiple physically isolated storage areas, including at least a first area for refrigerated storage, a second area for room temperature sealed storage, and a third area for spill-proof storage. The control unit is used to receive environmental sensor data from each storage area and control the actuators according to preset rules to manage specimen access and environmental regulation; The communication module is used to enable data interaction between the control unit and the external medical information system; The actuators, including electronically controlled locks and status indicators installed on the doors of each storage area, are controlled by the control unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the storage area includes a blood sample area, a urine sample area, a stool sample area, other body fluid sample areas, and a low-temperature storage area; The low-temperature storage area is located at the bottom of the cabinet, while the other body fluid specimen areas are located on the upper right side of the cabinet, adjacent to the blood specimen area on both sides. The blood sample area is located on the upper left side of the cabinet, below which is the urine sample area; The stool specimen area is located on the right side of the middle of the cabinet, adjacent to the urine specimen area on the left and right.

[0009] Furthermore, a semiconductor cooling chip is embedded in the inner wall of the blood sample area, a cooling fan is connected to the back, and a digital temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the top; The base of the urine specimen area is sloping, with a drainage hole at the lowest point. It has a built-in pull-out stainless steel anti-overflow tray, and the tray is lined with an absorbent pad. The stool specimen area is a separate, sealed drawer unit. The drawer panel is equipped with an electronic lock, lined with disposable waterproof paper, and has a silicone sealing strip around the perimeter. Other body fluid specimen areas are equipped with multi-groove flat shelves for the stable placement of containers such as sputum cups; The low-temperature storage area includes an independent compressor refrigeration system, with a heat insulation structure between the refrigeration chamber and the cabinet. The chamber door is a thickened insulated door, and a temperature sensor is installed on the inside.

[0010] Furthermore, the control unit is connected to the sensors and cooling devices in each storage area via an internal bus, which includes one or more of the following: CAN bus, I2C bus, and UART bus. The status indicator is a red, green, and blue LED indicator.

[0011] Furthermore, the control unit has a built-in preset table of environmental parameters for each storage partition, receives environmental data collected by temperature and humidity sensors at a preset frequency, compares the real-time data with preset thresholds, automatically controls the cooling equipment or fan in the corresponding partition to perform adjustment actions, and records the environmental data and timestamps to the local database.

[0012] Furthermore, when the temperature of the blood sample area is higher than the first preset threshold, the control unit increases the current of the thermoelectric cooler and starts the circulating fan; when the temperature is lower than the second preset threshold, the thermoelectric cooler stops working. When the temperature in the low-temperature storage area exceeds the set upper limit, the compressor is activated for powerful cooling.

[0013] Furthermore, the cabinet surface is equipped with a QR code scanning engine and / or an RFID reader / writer; Users trigger the process by scanning the patient's wristband QR code or selecting the storage function on the touch screen. The control unit interacts with the hospital information system to obtain the specimen list. After the best cell is assigned by the specimen matching algorithm, the corresponding electromagnetic lock is opened, and the storage and retrieval operation log is recorded and synchronized to the hospital information system. The rules of the specimen matching algorithm are as follows: match the corresponding storage partition according to the specimen type, and give priority to allocating the disinfected and idle cell closest to the last disinfection time in the target partition. If there is no disinfected cell, then allocate the cell with the longest idle time.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: Environmental anomaly early warning and control system: It monitors environmental data through a background thread. When the environmental data exceeds the threshold for multiple consecutive sampling periods, it triggers a graded alarm and pushes alarm information to the hospital equipment management platform. Transfer and dispatch system: Periodically scans the local database, packages specimens that have exceeded their storage time into transfer task orders, and pushes them to the central transportation dispatch system.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes: Communication and data synchronization system: It adopts a dual-write mechanism, where operation records are simultaneously written to the local database and asynchronously uploaded to the hospital information system; when the network is interrupted, the data to be synchronized is stored in the local synchronization queue, and automatically retransmitted in order after the network is restored.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes: Power and emergency system: Includes an online UPS, which supplies mains power to all critical loads; when the mains power fails, the UPS switches to battery power and sends a power failure signal to the control unit, which executes emergency procedures: sends a power failure warning, shuts down non-core loads, and starts a low-power monitoring mode; when the battery level is lower than a set threshold, it generates a high-priority alarm and pushes it through multiple channels.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. In view of the problems of the simple and single control of the existing technology, the present invention configures independent sensing and adjustment units for different zones and sets differentiated closed-loop control strategies based on specimen type, thereby realizing the refinement and stabilization of specimen storage environment, ensuring the storage quality of various body fluid specimens from the source, and laying the foundation for the accuracy of test results.

[0018] 2. To address the issues of fragmented information management and information silos in existing technologies, this invention, through deep integration with hospital information systems (HIS / LIS) and the adoption of a data synchronization mechanism of "dual writing and breakpoint resume," constructs a traceable information closed loop covering the entire process from clinical medical orders to specimen storage and testing. This achieves real-time transparent management of specimen status and greatly satisfies the core needs of medical quality safety and traceability.

[0019] 3. In response to the problems of existing technology processes relying on manual labor and having low automation, this invention achieves fully automated management of the entire process, from automatic allocation of specimens to storage space and intelligent monitoring of storage time to proactive generation and push of transfer tasks, through built-in intelligent matching algorithms, environmental monitoring and early warning and transfer scheduling systems. This significantly reduces manual intervention and errors and greatly improves the management efficiency of specimen transfer.

[0020] 4. In response to the problems of insufficient hygiene and safety design and easy cross-contamination in existing equipment, this invention significantly improves the hygiene and safety level of the equipment by adopting antibacterial materials, designing spill-proof trays, independent sealed drawers, and a special structure that is easy to clean and disinfect. This effectively reduces the risk of cross-contamination between different specimens and simplifies the daily infection control and maintenance process.

[0021] 5. To address the issues of weak reliability and poor emergency response capabilities in existing systems, this invention significantly enhances the overall reliability and disaster response capabilities of the system by equipping it with an online uninterruptible power supply (UPS), implementing an emergency temperature control plan, and a local data caching protection mechanism. This ensures that critical storage environments are maintained and core business operations are not interrupted in the event of power outages, network interruptions, or other abnormal situations, effectively avoiding the risk of mass damage to specimens. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens of the present invention; Figure 2 This diagram shows the connection relationships between the control unit and each module. Figure 3 A flowchart for specimen retrieval procedures for patients or medical staff; Figure 4 A flowchart for environmental monitoring and abnormal alarm; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the data synchronization mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0024] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens, comprising: a cabinet body, a partitioned storage system, a control unit, a communication module, and a control execution module; The cabinet is a one-piece molded structure made of 304 stainless steel. The partitioned storage system is located within the cabinet, with multiple physically isolated storage areas, including blood sample area, urine sample area, stool sample area, other body fluid sample area, and low-temperature storage area. The control unit is based on an ARM Cortex-A series processor, running an embedded Linux or real-time operating system. As the system core, it connects to and manages all functional modules via an internal bus and general-purpose I / O ports. The communication module uses a wired network or Wi-Fi module to enable data interaction between the control unit and the hospital information system server. The control execution module includes a relay board, electromagnetic locks, and LED status indicators. The electromagnetic locks and LED status indicators are installed on the storage compartment doors of each storage area and are uniformly controlled by the control unit via the relay board.

[0025] This intelligent transfer cabinet is an embedded system. Its core is a control unit (e.g., based on an ARM Cortex-A series processor). This controller acts as the system's brain, connecting and managing all functional modules via internal buses (such as CAN, I2C, and UART) and general-purpose I / O ports. Simultaneously, it exchanges data with the hospital information system (HIS / LIS) server via a wired network or Wi-Fi module. Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens described in this invention has a cabinet body made of 304 stainless steel in one piece. Its interior is divided into five physically isolated storage areas by partitions: a blood specimen storage area in the upper left, a urine specimen storage area in the lower left, a other body fluid specimen storage area in the upper right, a stool specimen storage area in the lower right, and a low-temperature storage area at the bottom. A touch screen and a QR code / RFID scanning window are located on the front of the cabinet. Each independent storage compartment door is equipped with a status indicator light and an electromagnetic lock. The main control system hardware is installed in the main control box mounting area on the back, and the heat dissipation vents are located on the side or back of the cabinet. Figure 2 As shown, the system architecture of the intelligent transfer cabinet of this invention is centered on a control unit (i.e., the control unit). The control unit is connected to the following modules via an internal bus: Environmental monitoring module: corresponding to the temperature and humidity sensors installed in each zone as described in the claims; Identity recognition module: corresponding to the QR code scanning engine and / or RFID reader / writer as described in the claims; Actuator module: corresponding to the electromagnetic lock and LED status indicator controlled by the relay board as described in the claims; Power management module: corresponding to the power supply and emergency system including an online UPS as described in the claims; Communication module: Used to enable data interaction with the hospital information system (HIS).

[0026] Figure 2The data flow and control flow relationships between the modules are clearly illustrated, with all modules controlled by the control unit. The system software runs on an embedded Linux or real-time operating system.

[0027] In this embodiment, the cabinet is made of 304 stainless steel in one piece, and the interior is divided into five physically isolated storage areas by sheet metal partitions.

[0028] In this embodiment, the rigid partitioning created by fixed physical partitions can be implemented in two ways. The first is logical partitioning: all storage cells within the cabinet have a uniform physical structure (e.g., identical size and cooling method). Environmental parameters (temperature, humidity) are independently set for each cell via software, forming a "logical partition." The system assigns the specimen to the appropriate logical partition cell based on its type. Advantages: Extremely flexible layout, allowing dynamic adjustment of storage capacity for different specimen types. The second is modular drawer design: the cabinet has a frame structure, with standardized modular drawers of different functions inserted internally, such as "refrigerated drawers," "room temperature sealed drawers," and "leak-proof drawers." The partition configuration can be changed by replacing the drawer modules. Advantages: Easy maintenance, upgrades, and customization.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the low-temperature storage area is located at the bottom of the cabinet, while other body fluid specimen areas are located on the upper right side of the cabinet, adjacent to the blood specimen area on the left and right. The blood specimen area is located on the upper left side of the cabinet, with the urine specimen area below it. The stool specimen area is located on the middle right side of the cabinet, adjacent to the urine specimen area on the left and right. The cabinet also has a panel area, a display screen, and a code area (QR code scanning area).

[0030] Cabinet: The overall structure is vertical, with a height of approximately 180cm, a width of approximately 120cm, and a depth of approximately 60cm.

[0031] Cabinet doors: Divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is a touch screen and operation panel, and the lower part is multiple independent storage compartment doors, each door is about 30cm wide and about 40cm high, and there are electronic locks and status indicator lights on the doors.

[0032] Storage compartment layout: Top left: Blood specimen area, with a transparent partition and a temperature and humidity sensor on top; Bottom left: Urine specimen area, with an overflow tray inside; Bottom right: Stool specimen area, with a separate sealed drawer; Top right: Other bodily fluid specimen area, such as sputum and saliva; Bottom area: Low-temperature storage area, equipped with a small compressor refrigeration unit; QR code scanning area: Located on the left side of the cabinet door, with a fixed scanning window; Heat dissipation and ventilation vents: Located at the bottom of the back of the cabinet; Power and network interfaces: Located in the middle of the back of the cabinet; Emergency alarm light: Located at the top of the cabinet.

[0033] The code area is used to place QR codes or for wristband scanning to automatically open the door.

[0034] In this embodiment, a semiconductor cooling chip is embedded in the inner wall of the blood sample area, and a cooling fan is connected to the back of the semiconductor cooling chip; a digital temperature and humidity sensor (e.g., SHT30) is installed on the top of the blood sample area, and the digital temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the control unit; the inside of the blood sample area is provided with multiple layers of transparent acrylic partitions to form independent shelves, which facilitates the storage and observation of blood sample tubes.

[0035] The base of the urine specimen area is designed to be inclined, with a drainage hole at the lowest point. A pull-out stainless steel overflow tray is placed in the urine specimen area, with an absorbent pad inside. A temperature sensor for environmental monitoring is also installed in the urine specimen area.

[0036] The stool specimen area is a separate, sealed drawer unit. The drawer panel is equipped with an electronic lock connected to the control unit. The drawer is lined with disposable waterproof paper, and the drawer is surrounded by silicone sealing strips for sealing. When the drawer is closed, it is sealed by the silicone sealing strips around the drawer.

[0037] Other body fluid specimen areas are equipped with flat shelves with multiple circular grooves for stable placement of body fluid specimen containers, including sputum cups.

[0038] The low-temperature storage area includes an independent compressor refrigeration system, which includes a compressor, condenser, and evaporator. A heat insulation structure is installed between the refrigeration chamber and the main cabinet of the low-temperature storage area. The refrigeration chamber door is a thickened insulated door. A temperature sensor connected to the control unit is installed on the inside of the refrigeration chamber door for storing specimens that need to be frozen at -20°C.

[0039] In this embodiment, the blood sample area uses a semiconductor cooling chip, and the low-temperature storage area uses a compressor for cooling. Two other implementation methods are also included. The first is a unified cold source distribution: a small compressor unit is used as a centralized cold source, and cold air is delivered to different zones as needed through air ducts and controllable air valves. The temperature of each zone is controlled by adjusting the opening of the air valve. Advantages: potentially higher energy efficiency and better system integration. The second is a passive emergency temperature control: in the emergency temperature control scheme, in addition to ventilation fans, phase change material (PCM) modules are pre-installed in critical zones. When the main control fails, the PCM absorbs or releases heat through melting or solidification, maintaining a stable temperature for a longer period without electricity. Advantages: completely passive and extremely high reliability.

[0040] In this embodiment, the current solution involves actively scanning a QR code / RFID tag, and the system automatically opens the door after verification. Two other implementation methods are also included. The first method uses facial / fingerprint recognition authorization combined with a manual button: The user first completes identity authentication and logs into the system via biometrics (or card swiping) on ​​the main interface. After logging in, the touchscreen displays a list of specimens associated with the user that need to be stored or retrieved. The user clicks the virtual "Open Door" button next to the corresponding specimen, and the system opens the corresponding compartment. Advantages: Avoids scanning, the process is more intuitive, and it is suitable for scenarios where scanning is inconvenient while wearing gloves. The second method uses voice control or gesture recognition: In a secure environment, the user can trigger the storage / retrieval process via specific voice commands (such as "urine routine storage") or gestures (making specific movements in front of the camera). Subsequent allocation and door opening are automatically completed by the system. Advantages: Enables contactless operation, further improving convenience.

[0041] In this embodiment, the internal bus includes one or more of CAN bus, I2C bus and UART bus. The control unit communicates and controls with the sensors and cooling devices in each storage area through the internal bus. The LED status indicator is a three-color indicator with red, green and blue colors.

[0042] In this embodiment, each storage compartment door is equipped with an electromagnetic lock and LED status indicator lights (red / green / blue), which are uniformly controlled by the control unit through a relay board.

[0043] In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity sensors in each storage partition collect environmental data once per second and transmit it to the control unit via the I2C bus.

[0044] The control unit has a built-in preset table of environmental parameters for each storage partition (e.g., blood zone: 2-8℃; low temperature zone: -20±2℃; normal temperature zone: 15-25℃). After comparing the real-time environmental data with the preset thresholds, it automatically controls the cooling equipment and fans of the corresponding storage partition to perform temperature adjustment actions, and records all environmental data and timestamps to the environmental log table in the local database.

[0045] In this embodiment, if the temperature of the blood sample area is >8°C: the control unit sends a command to the drive circuit of the thermoelectric cooler to increase the current and start cooling; simultaneously, the circulating fan in this area is turned on to make the temperature drop evenly. If the temperature of the blood sample area is <2°C: the thermoelectric cooler stops working. If the temperature of the low-temperature storage area is higher than the set upper limit: the compressor is started for powerful cooling. All sensor data are simultaneously recorded in the "Environmental Log Table" of the local database, including timestamps, area IDs, temperature values, and humidity values.

[0046] In this embodiment, a QR code scanning engine and an RFID reader / writer are installed on the surface of the cabinet, both of which are connected to the control unit. The user triggers the process by scanning the patient's wristband QR code or selecting the storage function on the cabinet's touch screen. The control unit interacts with the hospital information system to obtain the specimen list. After the best cell is allocated by the specimen matching algorithm, the corresponding electromagnetic lock is opened, and the storage and retrieval operation log is recorded and synchronized to the hospital information system. The rules of the specimen matching algorithm are as follows: match the corresponding storage partition according to the specimen type, prioritize the allocation of the disinfected and idle cell closest to the last disinfection time in the target partition, and allocate the cell with the longest idle time if there is no disinfected cell.

[0047] In this embodiment, the current solution matches specimens and storage locations based on preset rules, and also includes two other implementation methods. The first is based on a priority scoring model: A "storage urgency score" is calculated for each specimen to be stored. The score is based on factors such as specimen type (e.g., high arterial blood gas score), the urgency of the medical order, and the waiting time. The system always places the specimen in the available storage location with the highest current score (this location may be adapted by adjusting the environment). Transfer task generation is also triggered based on the cumulative score threshold of specimens within the storage location. Advantage: It can respond more precisely to actual clinical urgent needs. The second method is distributed collaborative scheduling: When there are multiple intelligent transfer cabinets in an area, the cabinets can communicate with each other via a local area network. When a cabinet is full or malfunctions, it can automatically "recommend" or "transfer" a new specimen allocation request to another available cabinet within the same network nearby, and prompt the user on the cabinet's screen to go to the corresponding cabinet for storage. Advantage: It achieves clustered, load-balanced intelligent management.

[0048] In this embodiment, the QR code scanning engine includes a CMOS image scanning head; the RFID reader includes a 13.56MHz RFID reader.

[0049] The specimen storage process of this invention relies on the collaborative operation of a QR code scanning engine, touch screen, and control unit on the surface of the cabinet. It interacts with the hospital's HIS system in real time and completes intelligent allocation of compartments through a specimen matching algorithm. The entire process automatically records operation information. The specific process is as follows: 1. Users can select the "Store Specimen" function via the cabinet touch screen or directly use the QR code scanning engine on the cabinet surface to scan the QR code on the patient's wristband to trigger the specimen storage process. 2. The control unit sends the patient ID obtained from the scan to the hospital's HIS system in real time via the HTTP protocol for association query. After receiving the request, the HIS system returns a list of specimens to be saved for the patient. The list includes key information such as specimen type (e.g., blood routine, urine routine). 3. The list of specimens to be stored is displayed on the touch screen in real time for users to check and confirm. After the user completes the confirmation operation, the control unit automatically starts the specimen matching algorithm. 4. The specimen matching algorithm first matches the corresponding preset storage partition according to the specimen type (e.g., blood routine specimens match the blood specimen area), and then searches for the grid that is "idle" and closest to the last disinfection time in the matched target partition. After calculation, the best storage grid is determined and a grid number is generated. 5. The control unit sends a control command to the relay board to open the electromagnetic lock of the above-mentioned optimal slot, and at the same time switches the LED status indicator corresponding to the slot to a blue flashing state to prompt the user to place the specimen; 6. After the user places the specimen into the compartment and closes the compartment door, the magnetic switch on the door detects the closing action and sends a signal to the control unit. The control unit then updates the compartment status to "occupied", records the specimen storage time and the operator's number, and switches the compartment's LED status indicator to a solid green state. 7. The control unit writes the complete operation log of this storage (including specimen ID, patient ID, storage location, storage time, and operator information) to the local database, and at the same time immediately attempts to synchronize the operation log to the hospital HIS system through the communication module to achieve real-time information exchange.

[0050] The intelligent decision-making logic behind this access control process is as follows: Chained verification of identity and permissions (corresponding to the start of the process and the scanning step): The initiation of the process depends not only on the scanning action but also begins with a chained identity verification. The system first verifies the operator's (e.g., the nurse scanning the employee's badge) permissions, and then initiates a real-time query to the Hospital Information System (HIS) by scanning the patient's wristband QR code. The purpose of this query is to obtain a dynamic "list of specimens to be stored" confirmed by the medical business system, rather than simply identifying the patient. This ensures the legitimacy of subsequent operations and the authority of the data source.

[0051] The multi-level decision-making logic of the specimen matching algorithm (corresponding to the steps of "determining the operation type" and "assigning grid positions / verifying ownership") is the core intelligence of the system.

[0052] Level 1: Type-Partition Mapping: The algorithm first queries the preset specimen type-storage partition mapping table based on the specimen type returned by HIS (e.g., "serum biochemistry") to determine the target partition (e.g., "blood specimen area"). This ensures that the specimen's storage environment meets its medical requirements.

[0053] Level 2: Optimal cell selection within the partition: Within the target partition, the algorithm executes a set of priority rules to allocate cells. Rule A (Hygiene and Safety Priority): Prioritize allocating grid cells marked "Disinfected" and "Available". The system will calculate and select the grid cell closest to the last disinfection time to maximize hygiene and safety margin.

[0054] Rule B (Space Efficiency and Fairness): If there are no "disinfected" compartments, allocate the compartment with the "longest idle time". This is conducive to the efficient recycling of space within the cabinet and also conforms to the management intuition of "first-in, first-out", avoiding the long-term idleness of some compartments.

[0055] Retrieval Verification Logic: For retrieval operations, after verifying the patient's or operator's permissions, the system will strictly check whether the ID of the specimen to be retrieved matches the ID of the actual specimen stored in the compartment. Only if the match is successful will the cabinet door be unlocked to prevent accidental retrieval.

[0056] State machine synchronization and atomic operation recording (corresponding to "door opening for storage / retrieval" and subsequent steps): Each opening and closing of the cabinet door drives a state machine transition within the system (e.g., "idle" -> "occupied" -> "occupied"). The door closing action is triggered by a magnetic sensor, and the system atomically binds this event with the current time, environmental snapshot, and operator ID to generate an immutable operation log. This process ensures a high degree of synchronization and consistency between physical world operations and digital world records.

[0057] Transactional data synchronization attempt (corresponding to the "Synchronize Data" step): After the record is generated, the system immediately initiates an asynchronous, transactional data synchronization task to attempt to upload the log to HIS. Regardless of whether the network succeeds immediately, the complete record is saved locally. This lays the foundation for subsequent data eventual consistency guarantees.

[0058] The input to the specimen matching algorithm includes: specimen type, operation time, status of each cell (idle / occupied / sterilized), and the partition to which the cell belongs. Output: the best cell number. For example, if the specimen type is blood, the blood area is determined as the target storage partition; if there are cells in the target partition that are in a sterilized state, then that type of cell is preferentially assigned to the specimen; if there are no sterilized cells in the target partition, then the cell with the longest idle time in that partition is assigned to the specimen.

[0059] In this embodiment, an environmental anomaly early warning and control system is also included: environmental data is monitored through a background thread, and when the environmental data exceeds the threshold for three consecutive sampling cycles, a level one alarm is triggered, a local audible and visual alarm is activated and an alarm box pops up on the touch screen, and an alarm information is pushed to the hospital equipment management platform. If it is not confirmed within 30 minutes, it is upgraded to a level two alarm and a text message is sent to the administrator. It also includes a transfer scheduling system: every 30 minutes, it scans the local database, packages specimens that have expired into transfer task orders, and pushes them to the pending task queue of the central transportation scheduling system.

[0060] The environmental anomaly early warning control algorithm of the environmental anomaly early warning control system includes: continuously monitoring environmental data in the background and determining thresholds to achieve hierarchical anomaly early warning. The specific execution logic is as follows: 1. Data monitoring: The background thread reads the environmental data queue of each storage partition in real time to obtain real-time temperature and humidity monitoring data; 2. Threshold judgment: If the temperature data of a certain zone exceeds the preset threshold for three consecutive sampling periods (e.g., 3 minutes), a level 1 alarm will be triggered immediately; 3. Level 1 alarm action: The local endpoint lights up the red alarm light on the top of the cabinet, the touch screen pops up an alarm prompt box and starts the buzzer alarm; the network end generates a JSON format alarm message and pushes it to the hospital equipment management platform via the MQTT protocol; 4. Alarm escalation logic: If a Level 1 alarm is not confirmed in the system within 30 minutes, the alarm level will be automatically escalated to Level 2, and an SMS alarm will be sent to the device administrator's mobile phone via SMS API.

[0061] The environmental monitoring and abnormal alarm process of this invention (e.g.) Figure 4 (As shown) Based on a decision-making algorithm with state memory and delayed judgment, its core logic is as follows: Data acquisition and preprocessing: The system background thread polls the sensors in each zone at a fixed frequency (e.g., once per second) to read the raw temperature and humidity data and performs filtering to eliminate instantaneous interference.

[0062] Threshold comparison and anomaly trigger determination: This is the key to the algorithm. The system does not immediately alarm due to a single instance of data exceeding the threshold; instead, it employs a continuous N-times judgment mechanism (e.g., three consecutive sampling cycles). Only when the data consistently exceeds the preset threshold is the system deemed a valid anomaly and triggers an alarm. This design effectively avoids false alarms caused by door opening or momentary interference.

[0063] Tiered Alarms and Status Escalation: The system defines multiple alarm status levels. Upon triggering a Level 1 alarm, the system provides local audible and visual alerts and pushes a message to the HIS (Hospital Information System), while simultaneously starting an internal timer. If the alarm is not confirmed by the operator via the HIS or local interface within a preset response time (e.g., 30 minutes), the system automatically escalates it to a Level 2 alarm. Status escalation signifies that the system has determined the anomaly has not been handled promptly, increasing the risk and triggering a higher-level notification (e.g., sending an SMS). This embodies a time-based, adaptive intelligent alarm strategy.

[0064] Emergency Response and Logging: Upon triggering a high-level alarm, the system will simultaneously activate preset emergency response procedures, such as activating backup ventilation in case of temperature control failure. All alarm events, state transitions, and triggered actions are structured and recorded in the system log, forming a complete audit trail.

[0065] The transfer scheduling algorithm of the transfer scheduling system includes: automating the transfer of specimens through timed scanning, rule filtering, and task pushing. The specific execution logic is as follows: 1. Task generation: The system automatically scans the specimen storage records in the local database at fixed time intervals (e.g., every 30 minutes); 2. Scanning rules: Specimen records with a storage time earlier than "current time - preset storage time limit" are selected and identified as expired specimens that need to be transferred; 3. Task Packaging: The screened expired specimens are integrated according to the rules of the same ward and the same purpose of the laboratory, and packaged into a unified transport task sheet; 4. Task Push: The transfer task order is pushed to the pending task queue of the central transportation dispatch system through the hospital's intranet interface to complete the automated dispatch.

[0066] In this embodiment, a communication and data synchronization system is also included: a dual-write mechanism is adopted, in which operation records are simultaneously written to the local database and asynchronously uploaded to the hospital information system; when the network is interrupted, the data to be synchronized is stored in the local synchronization queue, and automatically retransmitted in order after the network is restored, ensuring that the data is not lost.

[0067] In this embodiment, the current solution is based on a TCP / IP network and employs a "dual-write + local queue" synchronization approach, which also includes two implementation methods. The first method utilizes the hospital's intranet broadcast or message middleware: the cabinet acts as a publish / subscribe client, accessing the hospital's internal message queue (such as RabbitMQ, Kafka). All operation logs are published as messages to a specific topic. The HIS and other systems subscribe to this topic to obtain data. Advantages: good decoupling, supports real-time subscription by multiple systems, and high data distribution efficiency. The second method is based on blockchain-based evidence storage synchronization: key operation records of the specimen (such as storage, retrieval, and environmental alarms) are generated into hash values, and these hash values ​​are periodically uploaded to the blockchain (such as a hospital private blockchain). Complete data is stored locally. When data authenticity needs to be verified, the local data hash can be compared with the on-chain record. Advantages: extremely strong data tamper-proof characteristics, providing technical possibilities for judicial-level traceability.

[0068] This invention employs a dual-write mechanism to ensure data security and information synchronization of operation records. When the system generates a specimen access operation record, it simultaneously performs two core actions: 1. Immediately write the complete operation record to the device's local database to complete the persistent storage of local data; 2. Start an independent asynchronous thread to upload the operation record to the hospital's HIS system's dedicated specimen log interface via network request, thereby achieving data synchronization with the hospital's central information system.

[0069] To address the data synchronization failure issue caused by network interruption, this invention includes a function to resume data transmission after a network outage. The specific execution logic is as follows: The system continuously monitors the current network connection status in the background. If a network interruption occurs, the upload request of the aforementioned asynchronous thread will fail. In this case, the system will mark the unsynchronized operation record as "pending synchronization" and store it in a dedicated queue for synchronization in the local database. At the same time, the system starts a background daemon process, which automatically checks the network connection status and the queue for synchronization every minute. Once the network is detected to be back to normal, the background daemon process will re-upload the operation records in the queue for synchronization to the hospital's HIS system in the order in which they were generated. When a record is successfully uploaded and synchronized, the system will automatically update its status to "synchronized," ensuring that every operation record can eventually achieve data exchange with the hospital's HIS system without any data loss.

[0070] More specifically, this data synchronization mechanism is a highly reliable solution for medical IoT scenarios, and its core principle is as follows: The "dual-write" mechanism and operational atomicity: When any business operation (such as storing / retrieving samples, environmental alarms) generates a data record, the system will treat it as a transaction unit and execute two write operations simultaneously. Write to the local embedded database: As the primary and essential operation, ensure that the data is persisted before the device is powered off.

[0071] Add to asynchronous network sending queue: At the same time, put the record into an in-memory queue, ready to send it to the cloud HIS.

[0072] This design ensures the atomicity of single-point operations, meaning that a record either exists completely locally and in the queue to be sent, or it disappears from both due to extreme failures, thus avoiding the occurrence of half-state data.

[0073] Intelligent degradation and cache management under network anomalies (corresponding to the "Network Anomaly" path): The system monitors network link status in real time. When a network interruption is detected, it does not stop services but immediately switches to "degradation mode".

[0074] If an asynchronous transmission task fails, the system will mark the record as sync_status='pending' and safely dump it from the memory queue to the "pending synchronization queue" table in local solid-state storage (SSD) or Flash memory with power-loss protection. This ensures that the data to be synchronized will not be lost even if a power outage occurs during the synchronization process.

[0075] In this mode, all newly generated data continues to be processed according to the "dual-write" mechanism, except that the network transmission part is transferred to the local cache queue, and the business functions are completely unaffected, realizing true edge computing capabilities.

[0076] Algorithms for resuming interrupted downloads and ensuring consistency (corresponding to the "Network Recovery" and "Data Synchronization" paths): The system has a low-power background daemon that continuously probes for network recovery. Once the network is restored, this process is activated.

[0077] It does not simply send all the cached data at once, but uses an ordered transmission algorithm with acknowledgment and retry mechanisms: Sequential transmission: Read and send data from the "synchronization queue" according to the timestamps generated by the records to ensure the orderliness of events.

[0078] Confirmation and deletion: The system will only delete the record from the local synchronization queue after receiving a successful confirmation (ACK) from the cloud HIS.

[0079] Retry on failure: If transmission fails (e.g., due to timeout), the system will not discard the record but will retry transmission after waiting for a backoff time (e.g., exponential backoff) until successful. This ensures eventual data consistency, meaning that all data will eventually be synchronized as long as the network recovers.

[0080] State synchronization and conflict resolution (implicit logic): During the synchronization process, the system and HIS may also synchronize metadata and state information (e.g., pulling the latest disinfection records from HIS to update the local cell status). For extremely rare bidirectional data modification conflicts (which should theoretically be avoided in this system design), they can be resolved using timestamps or logical clocks based on operation sequence numbers, ensuring that the cloud and device states eventually converge and become consistent.

[0081] In this embodiment, a power supply and emergency system is also included: the system includes an online UPS, through which 220V mains power is supplied to all critical loads; when the mains power fails, the UPS switches to battery power and sends a power failure signal to the control unit, which executes emergency procedures: sending a power failure warning, shutting down non-core loads, and starting a low-power monitoring mode; when the battery level is below 20%, a highest priority alarm is generated and pushed through multiple channels.

[0082] The specific process of the power supply and emergency system includes: connecting a 220V mains power supply to an online uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and the output of the UPS simultaneously powering the control unit, the electromagnetic locks of each storage compartment, all environmental sensors, touch screens and other critical loads.

[0083] The UPS has a built-in voltage detection circuit that can monitor the mains power supply status in real time. When the mains power is interrupted, the UPS immediately and seamlessly switches to the built-in battery power supply mode to ensure that the power supply to critical loads is uninterrupted. The switching process is instantaneous and avoids equipment downtime.

[0084] Simultaneously, the UPS sends a "mains power failure" trigger signal to the control unit via the USB communication interface. Upon receiving this signal, the control unit immediately activates the preset emergency procedure and performs the following response actions: 1. Simultaneously send a warning message "Main power interruption, battery powered" to the touch screen and hospital HIS system to remind on-site staff and back-end management personnel to be aware of the power supply abnormality in a timely manner; 2. Automatically shut down all non-core loads, such as dimming the touchscreen backlight and turning off the disinfection UV lamp, to reduce battery power consumption and extend emergency power supply time; 3. Activate low-power monitoring mode to reduce the data acquisition frequency of environmental sensors in each zone from once per second to once every 30 seconds, maintaining only the core logic operation and communication module of the control unit to operate normally, further saving battery power; 4. The control unit monitors the remaining power of the UPS battery in real time. If the battery power is detected to be below 20%, the system will automatically generate the highest priority alarm "Emergency! Power outage is imminent, please process the specimens immediately!" and send it simultaneously through all available channels (including touch screen pop-ups and SMS messages to the equipment administrator) to urge staff to process the specimens in the cabinet in a timely manner to avoid damage to the specimens due to power outage.

[0085] This invention constructs a comprehensive intelligent transfer and management system for body fluid specimens, specifically as follows: 1. Design a zoned differentiated environment intelligent control system. The cabinet is divided into independent storage zones, each zone is equipped with independent sensing and adjustment units, and the central controller realizes independent closed-loop control according to the preset parameters bound to the specimen type. 2. A multi-rule-based intelligent specimen matching and automatic storage control method is proposed. Through a scanning identifier triggering algorithm, the optimal storage cell is automatically determined according to the rule of "specimen type matching partitioning → priority allocation of disinfected cells → allocation according to idle time". 3. Build a data processing architecture that integrates local decision-making and cloud synchronization, with edge computing capabilities. When the network is interrupted, it can independently complete core functions such as access control, environmental monitoring and alarms locally, and automatically synchronize data after the network is restored. It adopts the "dual writing of local database and remote server" and "breakpoint resume transmission of waiting synchronization queue" mechanism to ensure data consistency. 4. Intelligent scheduling and early warning mechanism for full-process management: The system has a built-in time-based monitoring algorithm that can automatically determine the storage time of specimens and proactively generate transfer tasks to push to relevant systems; environmental monitoring adopts a proactive early warning process of "continuous sampling - threshold comparison - hierarchical alarm - emergency linkage"; 5. Special cabinet structure design for body fluid specimen management: including spill-proof trays for liquid specimens, independent sealed drawers for specimens with high airtightness requirements, and independent compressor refrigeration chambers for low-temperature specimens, combined with antibacterial and easy-to-clean materials.

[0086] 6. High-reliability power supply and emergency temperature control solution: An online UPS is used as the main and backup power supply for the core load, and a backup temperature control measure (such as phase change material and emergency ventilation) is designed to automatically start in the event of power failure or failure of the main temperature control, forming a dual emergency guarantee of power and temperature control.

[0087] In this embodiment, the current solution is a strong edge computing architecture centered on a cabinet-based industrial controller; a cloud-edge collaborative weak terminal architecture can also be adopted: the cabinet only retains necessary sensors, actuators, and lightweight communication modules locally. All core logic, such as authentication, rule calculation, data storage, and scheduling decisions, is deployed on the hospital's cloud server or private cloud platform. The cabinet acts as a "thin client," uploading sensor data and operation requests in real time and receiving control commands (such as which door to open) from the cloud. Advantages: The cost of the cabinet itself may be reduced; algorithm updates and maintenance are all completed in the cloud, facilitating unified management.

[0088] like Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the control unit acts as the core processor and is directly connected to all modules; the environmental monitoring module includes temperature and humidity sensors and a data acquisition unit; the identification module includes a QR code scanner and an optional RFID reader / writer; the storage management module includes a specimen cell allocation algorithm and a storage status database; the communication module includes a Wi-Fi / Ethernet module and an optional 4G / 5G module; the actuator module includes an electronic lock controller, indicator light driver, and alarm; and the power management module includes a main power adapter, a backup battery, and a power switching circuit. The system interfaces with the Hospital Information System (HIS) via the communication module using API or HL7 protocol.

[0089] like Figure 3As shown, after the process begins, the user first scans the QR code on the patient's wristband or specimen tube. After receiving the scan information, the system automatically verifies the operator's identity and operating permissions. After the permission verification is successful, the system determines the type of operation: If it is a storage operation, the system calls the specimen matching algorithm to allocate a suitable compartment and unlocks the corresponding cabinet door. After the user places the specimen and closes the cabinet door, the system automatically records the storage time, compartment location, and current environmental parameters. If it is a retrieval operation, the system first verifies the ownership information of the specimen to be retrieved, and unlocks the corresponding cabinet door after successful verification. After the user retrieves the specimen and closes the cabinet door, the system updates the status of the compartment to "retrieved". Regardless of whether it is a storage or retrieval operation, the system will synchronize the operation data to the Hospital Information System (HIS) after completion, and the process ends.

[0090] like Figure 4 As shown, the environmental monitoring and early warning process is as follows: After monitoring begins, the system first collects temperature and humidity data for each zone and determines whether the data is within the preset threshold. If the data is normal, monitoring continues; if the data is abnormal, the abnormal data is immediately recorded, a local audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the alarm information is sent to the HIS. Then, it is determined whether the abnormal state has lasted for more than 30 minutes. If it has not lasted, monitoring continues; if it has, the alarm level is upgraded and the supervisor is notified. At the same time, the system activates emergency measures such as backup temperature control and ventilation systems, records the abnormal handling log, and finally returns to the normal monitoring state.

[0091] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the synchronization of data between the local machine and the hospital information system, showcasing the "dual-write mechanism" and "breakpoint resume" process. After operational data (storage, retrieval, environmental alarms, etc.) is generated, it is synchronously written to both the local database (SQLite / embedded) and the hospital information system (HIS) cloud database. Real-time bidirectional data synchronization is achieved when the network is normal. In case of network anomalies, the data is temporarily stored in a local "pending synchronization queue" and marked as "not synchronized." Once the network is restored, the system automatically detects the unsynchronized data and uploads it to the HIS in batches according to time sequence. After successful upload, the corresponding local marker is cleared.

[0092] Typical use cases for this intelligent transfer cabinet include inpatient ward nurse stations, outpatient blood collection centers, and emergency department resuscitation areas, where specimens need to be temporarily stored immediately after collection. It meets the needs for safe and compliant temporary storage of specimens awaiting unified transport. Core users include: nurses responsible for specimen storage, status inquiries, and receiving alerts; patients who self-store urine and fecal specimens; central transport personnel who collect transported specimens in batches; and equipment administrators and laboratory staff who monitor equipment status, handle alarms, and maintain data. The existing specimen storage and transport workflow can be simplified to "manual registration → random storage → telephone notification → manual retrieval → manual handover," each step of which carries the risk of delays and errors.

[0093] Example of a routine workflow: After collecting blood and urine samples from patient Zhang San, Nurse A first scans her own work badge to log in to the system, then scans Zhang San's wristband. Upon receiving the information, the system touchscreen displays the two pending medical orders for that patient. Nurse A clicks the "Store All" command. The system automatically calls the specimen matching algorithm, assigning blood sample compartment B02 to the blood section and urine sample compartment C05 to the urine section. The electromagnetic locks on both compartments unlock sequentially, with corresponding indicator lights flashing. After Nurse A places the samples into their respective compartments and closes the cabinet door, the indicator lights turn solid green, and the system simultaneously records the sample storage time. Two hours later, according to preset rules, the system packages the samples from compartments B02 and C05 into a single transport task and pushes it to the central transport operator Wang's PDA terminal, completing the automated transport scheduling.

[0094] Example of an emergency scenario: After a sudden power outage, the cabinet immediately and seamlessly switches to UPS backup power via the power management module. Simultaneously, the embedded touchscreen displays a message: "Power outage, battery powered." To conserve battery power, the high-power semiconductor cooling chip in the blood area is temporarily shut down, with only the temperature sensor continuously operating to collect temperature data. Ten minutes later, under battery power, the temperature in the blood area rises to 9°C, exceeding the preset 8°C threshold. The system immediately triggers a combined alarm for "abnormal temperature under power outage." After the alarm is activated, in addition to triggering a local audible and visual alarm, an emergency alarm SMS is sent to the equipment administrator, Mr. Li, via SMS API, reminding him to address the anomaly promptly.

[0095] This invention aims to provide an intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens, enabling refined and intelligent management of the specimen storage environment: by integrating independent temperature and humidity sensors and control units for different zones, various specimens such as blood and urine can be preserved under their respective suitable and stable environmental parameters, and the environment is automatically maintained through intelligent algorithms, thereby ensuring the quality of specimens from the source.

[0096] Establish a closed-loop, traceable information system for the entire process of specimen circulation: Through deep integration with the hospital information system, not only are specimen access events recorded, but also data from all dimensions, such as the storage environment history, operators, and storage duration, are continuously recorded and associated, enabling full-process digital and traceable management from clinical prescription to specimen entry into the laboratory.

[0097] Promote the automation and intelligence of specimen transfer management process: Through built-in intelligent management algorithms, it automatically completes functions such as grid optimization allocation, storage time limit monitoring, transfer task generation and push, etc., minimizing the manual operation of medical staff in reminders, scheduling, verification, etc., and improving management efficiency and accuracy.

[0098] Enhance the hygiene and safety level of equipment use: By adopting antibacterial materials, designing smooth inner walls and detachable components that are easy to clean and disinfect, and setting up spill-proof trays for liquid specimens, the cabinet structure is optimized to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and simplify daily cleaning and disinfection procedures, thus meeting the hospital's infection control requirements.

[0099] Enhance the overall reliability and emergency response capability of the system: By configuring backup power supplies (UPS) and emergency temperature control solutions (such as phase change materials and backup ventilation), ensure that the core storage environment can be maintained, critical data is not lost, business is not interrupted, and alarms are issued proactively in the event of a mains power outage or a short-term failure of the main system, thereby improving the robustness of the system.

[0100] In summary, the core objective of this invention is to provide a comprehensive solution that integrates precise environmental control, end-to-end information tracking, intelligent process management, enhanced hygiene and safety, and high reliability assurance, thereby systematically addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies in the transfer of bodily fluid samples.

[0101] To verify the technical effectiveness of this invention, an effectiveness evaluation was conducted by referring to clinical research literature on similar intelligent specimen management systems: Significantly improved specimen turnover efficiency: According to a report from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, after adopting the intelligent blood collection management system, nurses can dispense blood samples in an average of only 2.5 seconds, and blood samples can reach the laboratory smoothly and quickly within 50 seconds in a closed track. Specimen turnover time has been reduced by more than 95%, and the time for issuing test reports has also been greatly shortened. Data from Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology shows that the average delivery time of an intelligent delivery robot has been reduced to within 6 minutes, reducing the time medical staff spend traveling to and from the pharmacy by approximately 3 hours per day.

[0102] Significantly reduced error rates: According to research on barcode tracking technology indexed by PubMed, barcode systems can "improve laboratory efficiency, enhance patient safety, and improve patient care." Intelligent specimen management can significantly reduce the rate at which physicians need to additionally verify specimens and substantially decrease specimen processing time (reported in related literature, reductions of up to 61.86% and 37%, respectively). Other studies show that Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) can "reduce laboratory errors."

[0103] Specimen quality is guaranteed: According to a full-process management study published by Tongji Hospital, after adopting the full-process management model of pneumatic tube transport system, the specimen hemolysis rate decreased from 10.68% to 6.1% (p<0.05), nurses' satisfaction with the process increased from 70.00% to 96.00% (p<0.01), and the incidence of adverse events was significantly reduced (p<0.01).

[0104] The workload of medical staff has been significantly reduced: According to a study of RFID tracking systems included in PubMed, after the introduction of RFID and barcode-based tracking systems in the operating room, working time has been reduced to about one-tenth of the original time.

[0105] The above data shows that the intelligent specimen transfer management system proposed in this invention can significantly improve specimen transfer efficiency, effectively reduce error rate, effectively ensure specimen quality, and greatly reduce the management burden on medical staff in practical applications, thus having significant clinical application value.

[0106] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens, characterized in that, include: Cabinet, partitioned storage system, control unit, communication module, and actuator; The cabinet contains multiple physically isolated storage areas, including at least a first area for refrigerated storage, a second area for room temperature sealed storage, and a third area for spill-proof storage. The control unit is used to receive environmental sensor data from each storage area and control the actuator according to preset rules to manage specimen access and environmental regulation. The communication module is used to enable data interaction between the control unit and an external medical information system; The actuator includes an electronically controlled lock and a status indicator device installed on the door of each storage area, and is controlled by the control unit; The control unit has built-in preset environmental parameter thresholds corresponding to each storage area.

2. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage area includes a blood sample area, a urine sample area, a stool sample area, other body fluid sample areas, and a low-temperature storage area; The low-temperature storage area is located at the bottom of the cabinet, while the other body fluid specimen areas are located on the upper right side of the cabinet, adjacent to the blood specimen area on both sides. The blood sample area is located on the upper left side of the cabinet, below which is the urine sample area; The stool specimen area is located on the right side of the middle of the cabinet, adjacent to the urine specimen area on the left and right.

3. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the blood sample area is embedded with a semiconductor cooling chip, a cooling fan is connected to the back, and a digital temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the top. The bottom plate of the urine specimen area is inclined, with a drainage hole at the lowest point, and a pull-out stainless steel anti-overflow tray inside, with an absorbent pad lining the tray. The stool specimen area is an independent sealed drawer unit with an electronic lock on the drawer panel, a disposable waterproof liner, and a silicone sealing strip around the perimeter. The other body fluid specimen area is equipped with a multi-groove flat shelf for stably placing containers such as sputum cups; The low-temperature storage area includes an independent compressor refrigeration system, with a heat insulation structure between the refrigeration chamber and the cabinet, and the chamber door is a thickened insulated door with a temperature sensor on the inside.

4. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is connected to the sensors and cooling devices in each storage area via an internal bus, which includes one or more of the following: CAN bus, I2C bus, and UART bus. The status indicator is a red, green, and blue LED indicator.

5. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit has a built-in preset table of environmental parameters for each storage partition. It receives environmental data collected by temperature and humidity sensors at a preset frequency, compares the real-time data with preset thresholds, automatically controls the cooling equipment or fan in the corresponding partition to perform adjustment actions, and records the environmental data and timestamps to the local database.

6. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the temperature of the blood sample area is higher than the first preset threshold, the control unit increases the current of the thermoelectric cooler and starts the circulating fan; when the temperature is lower than the second preset threshold, the thermoelectric cooler stops working. When the temperature in the low-temperature storage area exceeds the set upper limit, the compressor is activated for powerful cooling.

7. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet surface is equipped with a QR code scanning engine and / or an RFID reader / writer; Users trigger the process by scanning the patient's wristband QR code or selecting the storage function on the touch screen. The control unit interacts with the hospital information system to obtain the specimen list. After the best cell is assigned by the specimen matching algorithm, the corresponding electromagnetic lock is opened, and the storage and retrieval operation log is recorded and synchronized to the hospital information system. The rules of the specimen matching algorithm are as follows: match the corresponding storage partition according to the specimen type, and give priority to allocating the disinfected and idle cell closest to the last disinfection time in the target partition. If there is no disinfected cell, then allocate the cell with the longest idle time.

8. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Environmental anomaly early warning and control system: It monitors environmental data through a background thread. When the environmental data of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods exceeds the threshold, it triggers a graded alarm and pushes alarm information to the hospital equipment management platform. Transfer and dispatch system: Periodically scans the local database, packages specimens that have exceeded their storage time into transfer task orders, and pushes them to the central transportation dispatch system.

9. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Communication and data synchronization system: It adopts a dual-write mechanism, where operation records are simultaneously written to the local database and asynchronously uploaded to the hospital information system; when the network is interrupted, the data to be synchronized is stored in the local synchronization queue, and automatically retransmitted in order after the network is restored.

10. The intelligent transfer cabinet for body fluid specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Power and emergency system: Includes an online UPS, which supplies mains power to all critical loads; when the mains power fails, the UPS switches to battery power and sends a power failure signal to the control unit, which executes emergency procedures: sends a power failure warning, shuts down non-core loads, and starts a low-power monitoring mode; when the battery level is lower than a set threshold, it generates a high-priority alarm and pushes it through multiple channels.

Images