Capacitive deionization circuit, water purification apparatus, method, and medium
By using the discharge regulation module and adjustable power supply module in the capacitor deionization circuit, the problem of uncontrollable current during reverse discharge of the capacitor deionization module is solved, realizing active control of the discharge current and improving the stability of water quality and circuit.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FOSHAN MIDEA CHUNGHO WATER PURIFICATION MFG
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN122324934A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of capacitive deionization technology, and in particular to capacitive deionization circuits, water purification equipment, methods and media. Background Technology
[0002] Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and simple operation. In the actual use of household water purification equipment, when it is necessary to switch between different drinking water modes, such as from tea mode to mineral water mode, different currents need to be applied to adjust the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) value of the output water to meet the TDS requirements of tea mode and mineral water mode.
[0003] However, in existing water purification equipment based on capacitive deionization technology, the electrical characteristics of the capacitive deionization module are equivalent to a large-capacity capacitor, possessing charge storage capabilities. This leads to a situation where, during reverse discharge, the residual voltage causes the module to discharge autonomously through an internal circuit, resulting in uncontrolled transient current. This uncontrollable current during reverse discharge can easily lead to excessive discharge current, damaging circuit components. Furthermore, the uncontrollable current also hinders the control of the TDS value of the effluent, potentially causing it to fail to meet set requirements, thus affecting water quality stability and user experience. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, this application proposes a capacitor deionization circuit that makes the current during the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module controllable.
[0005] This application also proposes water purification equipment, methods, and media.
[0006] The capacitor deionization circuit according to the first aspect of this application includes: Capacitor deionization module; A switching module is connected to the capacitor deionization module, and the switching module is used to charge or discharge the capacitor deionization module. A discharge regulation module is connected to the switching module; The control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module and the controlled terminal of the discharge regulation module, respectively. The discharge adjustment module is used to adjust the current during the discharge of the capacitor deionization module.
[0007] The capacitive deionization circuit according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The control module controls the switching module to control the charging and discharging of the capacitive deionization module, thereby realizing the water purification process. By providing a discharge regulation module connected to the switching module and the control module, when the capacitive deionization module needs to discharge, the control module controls the switching module to enter the discharge state. Simultaneously, the discharge regulation module is controlled to intervene in the discharge process of the capacitive deionization module to adjust the current magnitude during discharge, thus actively intervening and limiting the discharge current magnitude. Therefore, based on the structure with the discharge regulation module, when the capacitive deionization module performs reverse discharge, the discharge current magnitude can be actively controlled, avoiding excessive transient current, making the discharge process of the capacitive deionization module more stable and controllable, which is beneficial to improving the stability of water quality.
[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, it further includes an adjustable power supply module, the switching module is connected to the adjustable power supply module, the control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module, and the control module is used to control the output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module.
[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the switching module includes a charging branch and a discharging branch connected to the capacitor deionization module, the discharging branch includes a current limiting unit, and the discharging adjustment module is connected to the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit. The magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit is controlled by the controlled terminal voltage or the controlled terminal current of the current limiting unit.
[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the charging branch includes a first upper bridge arm switch and a first lower bridge arm switch, and the discharging branch includes a second upper bridge arm switch and a second lower bridge arm switch. The first upper bridge arm switch, the first lower bridge arm switch, the second upper bridge arm switch, and the second lower bridge arm switch are connected to form a full-bridge circuit. The full-bridge circuit is connected to the capacitor deionization module, and the control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the full-bridge circuit. Wherein, at least one of the second upper bridge arm switch and the second lower bridge arm switch is used as the current limiting unit, or the current limiting unit is connected in series with the second upper bridge arm switch or the second lower bridge arm switch.
[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the current limiting unit includes a field-effect transistor, and the discharge regulation module is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor. The discharge regulation module is used to make the field-effect transistor operate in the linear region when the capacitor deionization module discharges.
[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the switching module further includes a driving unit, the control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the full-bridge circuit through the driving unit, the second lower bridge arm switch is a current limiting unit and the second lower bridge arm switch is a field-effect transistor, and the discharge regulation module is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor through the driving unit.
[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the discharge regulation module includes a signal generation unit, which is connected to the control module and the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit respectively. The signal generation unit is used to generate an adjustment signal to adjust the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit according to the input current limiting signal.
[0014] According to one embodiment of this application, a detection module is further included. The discharge regulation module further includes a feedback regulation unit. The detection module is connected to the capacitor deionization module to detect the current of the capacitor deionization module. The feedback regulation unit is connected to the detection module, the control module, and the signal generation unit respectively. The feedback regulation unit is used to generate a current limiting signal input to the signal generation unit based on the target current signal of the control module and the detection current signal of the detection module.
[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the signal generating unit is provided with an enable terminal, and the control module is connected to the enable terminal to enable or disable the signal generating unit.
[0016] A water purification device according to a second aspect embodiment of this application includes a device body, the device body being provided with the aforementioned capacitor deionization circuit.
[0017] According to the third aspect of this application, the capacitor deionization control method, applied to the above-mentioned capacitor deionization circuit or the above-mentioned water purification equipment, includes: When controlling the discharge of the capacitor deionization module, a discharge upper limit current value is determined to generate a target current signal, the discharge regulation module is activated, and the target current signal is transmitted to the discharge regulation module; Based on the discharge current value of the capacitor deionization module, when the discharge current value is less than the current threshold, the discharge regulation module is disabled; or when the discharge duration of the capacitor deionization module reaches the duration threshold, the discharge regulation module is disabled.
[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, the capacitor deionization circuit includes an adjustable power supply module, the switching module is connected to the adjustable power supply module, the control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module, and the method further includes: When controlling the charging of the capacitor deionization module, the power supply voltage and / or power supply current are determined based on the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value. The output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module are controlled according to the power supply voltage and / or the power supply current.
[0019] A non-transitory readable storage medium according to a fourth aspect of this application stores a program thereon, characterized in that the program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described capacitor deionization control method.
[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the capacitor deionization circuit structure provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging branch of the capacitor deionization circuit provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge branch of the capacitor deionization circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a full-bridge circuit in one embodiment of the capacitor deionization circuit provided in this application.
[0025] Figure label: 100: Capacitor deionization module; 200: Switching module; 201: Current limiting unit; 202: Full-bridge circuit; 210: First upper bridge arm switch; 220: First lower bridge arm switch; 230: Second upper bridge arm switch; 240: Second lower bridge arm switch; 250: Drive unit; 300: Discharge regulation module; 310: Signal generation unit; 320: Feedback regulation unit; 400: Control module; 500: Adjustable power supply module; 600: Detection module. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this application, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application.
[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0028] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0029] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0030] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0031] refer to Figure 1 This application provides a capacitor deionization circuit, including: Capacitor deionization module 100; A switching module 200 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100, and the switching module 200 is used to charge or discharge the capacitor deionization module 100. The discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the switching module 200; The control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module 200 and the controlled terminal of the discharge regulation module 300, respectively. The discharge adjustment module 300 is used to adjust the current magnitude when the capacitor deionization module 100 discharges.
[0032] The control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to control the charging and discharging of the capacitor deionization module 100, thereby realizing the water purification process. A discharge regulation module 300 is provided, connected to the switching module 200 and the control module 400. When the capacitor deionization module 100 needs to discharge, the control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to enter the discharge state. Simultaneously, the discharge regulation module 300 intervenes in the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module 100 to adjust the current magnitude during discharge, thus actively intervening and limiting the discharge current of the capacitor deionization module 100.
[0033] Therefore, based on the structure equipped with the discharge regulation module 300, when the capacitor deionization module 100 performs reverse discharge, the magnitude of the discharge current can be actively controlled to avoid excessive transient current, making the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module 100 more stable and controllable, which is beneficial to improving the stability of water quality.
[0034] Understandably, under the control of the control module 400, the water purification process mainly includes two cyclical stages: adsorption purification and desorption regeneration. In the adsorption purification stage, the control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to activate the charging branch, charging the capacitor deionization module 100. This generates a strong electrostatic field in the capacitor deionization module 100. When water flows through the capacitor deionization module 100, ions in the water migrate towards the oppositely charged electrodes under the influence of the electric field and are adsorbed onto the electrode surface, effectively removing dissolved salts and impurities from the water. When the electrode adsorption of the capacitor deionization module 100 reaches saturation or when the effluent water quality needs adjustment, the desorption regeneration stage begins. The control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to shut off the charging branch and activate the discharging branch, causing the capacitor deionization module 100 to discharge. The electric field generated by the capacitor deionization module 100 disappears or reverses, and the ions originally adsorbed on the electrodes lose their electric field binding and are discharged with the water flow, preparing for the next water purification cycle.
[0035] It should be noted that when the capacitor deionization module 100 performs reverse discharge, it actively releases the electrical energy stored during charging based on its capacitive characteristics. Without intervention, the current generated by releasing this stored energy is determined by the equivalent impedance forming the discharge circuit. This discharge process is independent of the power supply; therefore, even if the power supply is disconnected (i.e., the supply voltage is zero), a discharge current will still be generated, leading to uncontrolled current during reverse discharge. This can affect the stability of the effluent water quality and pose a potential risk of damage to circuit components due to excessive instantaneous current. In this application, a discharge regulation module 300 is incorporated. During reverse discharge, the discharge regulation module 300 intervenes to control the discharge current, preventing uncontrolled current and ensuring the stability of the effluent water quality and the reliability of the circuit operation.
[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the control module 400 may include implementations of devices with control and processing functions such as microcontrollers and FPGA chips.
[0037] refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, an adjustable power supply module 500 is also included. The switching module 200 is connected to the adjustable power supply module 500, and the control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module 500. The control module 400 is used to control the output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module 500.
[0038] By incorporating an adjustable power supply module 500, the control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module 500 to control its output voltage and / or output current. The adjustable power supply module 500 is connected to the switching module 200, enabling the adjustable power supply module 500 to supply power to the capacitor deionization module 100 via the switching module 200, i.e., to charge the capacitor deionization module 100. In this way, the output voltage and output current of the adjustable power supply module 500 can be actively adjusted according to different water purification needs, i.e., the power supply voltage and current supplied to the capacitor deionization module 100 can be adjusted, which helps improve adaptability to different water quality treatment requirements.
[0039] It should be noted that, compared to a fixed voltage power supply method, the adjustable power supply module 500 in this application, based on its structure, can dynamically adjust the output voltage and current of the adjustable power supply module 500 according to the corresponding effluent TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) requirements of different water purification modes and the actual influent TDS. This avoids the problems of substandard water quality or over-treatment caused by a fixed voltage method, improves water quality stability, and is beneficial for energy saving and consumption reduction. Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, an influent detection module and an effluent detection module, both connected to the control module 400, may be included. The influent detection module detects the influent TDS, and the effluent detection module detects the effluent TDS, allowing the control module 400 to adjust the adjustable power supply module 500 according to the actual influent and effluent TDS values, thereby ensuring that the effluent TDS value meets the requirements.
[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the adjustable power supply module 500 may include implementations of circuits or modules such as digitally controlled programmable switching power supplies, multi-winding transformer multi-stage relay switching power matrix, and DC-DC buck-boost converter circuits (such as Buck-Boost circuits) to achieve dynamic adjustment of power supply voltage and power supply current output.
[0041] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the switching module 200 includes a charging branch and a discharging branch connected to the capacitor deionization module 100. The discharging branch includes a current limiting unit 201, and the discharging adjustment module 300 is connected to the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit 201. The magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit 201 is controlled by the controlled terminal voltage or controlled terminal current of the current limiting unit 201.
[0042] The switching module 200 includes a charging branch and a discharging branch, and a current limiting unit 201 is provided in the discharging branch. The discharging regulation module 300 is connected to the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit 201. The discharging regulation module 300 controls the current flowing through the current limiting unit 201 by adjusting the voltage and current applied to the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit 201. By adjusting the signal at the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit 201, the current control function is realized, making the current control during the discharge of the capacitor deionization module 100 more direct and the adjustment of the discharge current more rapid.
[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the current limiting unit 201 may include devices or circuits such as a field-effect transistor (FET), a voltage-controlled variable resistor network (VRC), a bipolar transistor (BJT), or an adjustable constant current diode circuit. The discharge current can be adjusted by utilizing the relationship between the current flowing through the FET and the gate voltage when the FET is operating in the linear region. The equivalent impedance of the discharge circuit can be adjusted by changing the resistance connected to the discharge circuit through the VRC network, thereby adjusting the discharge current. The discharge current can also be adjusted by utilizing the characteristic that the collector current of a BJT is controlled by the base current when the BJT is operating in the amplification region.
[0044] In some embodiments of this application, in actual water purification applications, the capacitive deionization module 100 may include a symmetrical electrode structure, meaning both electrodes can serve as either anodes or cathodes. When the capacitive deionization module 100 reaches saturation in a forward electric field or needs to switch water quality modes, the switching module 200 performs reverse discharge. After the reverse discharge reduces the voltage across the module to zero or a safety threshold, reverse charging can then be performed, rapidly establishing a reverse electric field with opposite polarity inside the capacitive deionization module 100. At this point, the original anode becomes the cathode, and the original cathode becomes the anode, and the resulting reverse electric field can also achieve adsorption and purification. This alternating operation mechanism of forward water purification, reverse discharge, and reverse charging not only helps to inhibit electrode scaling but also improves work efficiency. In this case, the charging branch and the discharging branch of the switching module 200 are relative, and the two branches can be switched. Both branches are equipped with current limiting units 201 to ensure that the discharge regulation module 300 can adjust the discharge current when the capacitive deionization module 100 is discharging.
[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the capacitor deionization module 100 may also adopt a fixed anode and a fixed cathode, in which case the charging branch and the discharging branch of the switching module 200 are also fixed.
[0046] refer to Figure 4In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the charging branch includes a first upper bridge arm switch 210 and a first lower bridge arm switch 220, and the discharging branch includes a second upper bridge arm switch 230 and a second lower bridge arm switch 240. The first upper bridge arm switch 210, the first lower bridge arm switch 220, the second upper bridge arm switch 230, and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 are connected to form a full-bridge circuit 202. The full-bridge circuit 202 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100, and the control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the full-bridge circuit 202. Wherein, at least one of the second upper bridge arm switch 230 and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 serves as the current limiting unit 201, or the current limiting unit 201 is connected in series with the second upper bridge arm switch 230 or the second lower bridge arm switch 240.
[0047] A full-bridge circuit 202 is formed by a first upper bridge arm switch 210, a first lower bridge arm switch 220, a second upper bridge arm switch 230, and a second lower bridge arm switch 240. The full-bridge circuit 202 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100. The control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminals of the full-bridge circuit 202, that is, to the controlled terminals of the first upper bridge arm switch 210, the first lower bridge arm switch 220, the second upper bridge arm switch 230, and the second lower bridge arm switch 240, respectively, to control the switching states of the four components, thereby enabling control of the charging and discharging of the capacitor deionization module 100.
[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the current limiting unit 201 is multiplexed with at least one of the second upper bridge arm switch 230 or the second lower bridge arm switch 240. In this case, the current limiting unit 201 may include implementations of devices such as field-effect transistors and bipolar transistors, so as to achieve both discharge current regulation and switching functions. In this way, by multiplexing devices, it is beneficial to simplify the circuit structure and reduce implementation costs.
[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the first upper bridge arm switch 210, the first lower bridge arm switch 220, the second upper bridge arm switch 230, and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 may be implemented using devices such as relays or switching transistors, wherein at least one of the second upper bridge arm switch 230 and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 is a switching transistor to be reused as the current limiting unit 201.
[0050] In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the current limiting unit 201 includes a field-effect transistor, and the discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor. The discharge regulation module 300 is used to make the field-effect transistor work in the linear region when the capacitor deionization module 100 discharges.
[0051] The current limiting unit 201 includes a field-effect transistor (FET), specifically a MOSFET. The discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the gate of the FET, enabling it to operate in the linear region when the capacitor deionization module 100 discharges. Utilizing the physical characteristic that the drain current of the FET is controlled by the gate-source voltage when it is in the linear region, the FET, which has switching function, can also be used as an analog voltage-controlled constant current source to regulate the discharge current. Furthermore, by utilizing the characteristic that the FET operates in the linear region, the discharge regulation module 300 can precisely regulate the magnitude of the discharge current by adjusting the voltage output to the gate of the FET, which has the advantage of high regulation accuracy and is beneficial to improving the controllability and accuracy of discharge current regulation.
[0052] In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 201 may also include an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and control it to operate in the active region during discharge, or include a bipolar transistor and control it to operate in the amplification region during discharge, etc., to achieve regulation and control of the discharge current.
[0053] refer to Figure 4 In some embodiments of this application, the first upper bridge arm switch 210 is a relay S1, the first lower bridge arm switch 220 is a MOSFET S4, the second upper bridge arm switch 230 is a relay S2, and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 is a MOSFET S3. Relays S1, S2, S3, and S4 are connected to form a full-bridge circuit 202. When the capacitor deionization module 100 is charging, relay S1 and MOSFET S4 are turned on while relay S2 and MOSFET S3 are turned off, meaning the charging branch formed by relay S1 and MOSFET S4 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100. When the capacitor deionization module 100 is discharging, relay S1 and MOSFET S4 are turned off while relay S2 and MOSFET S3 are turned on, meaning the discharging branch formed by relay S2 and MOSFET S3 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100. In the discharge branch, the MOSFET S3 is also multiplexed as the current limiting unit 201. During discharge, the discharge regulation module 300 applies a gate voltage to the MOSFET S3, causing the MOSFET S3 to operate in the linear region. At this time, the current flowing through the MOSFET S3, i.e. the discharge current, is controlled by the gate voltage output by the discharge regulation module 300, thereby achieving regulation of the discharge current.
[0054] It is important to emphasize that when the capacitor deionization module 100 can include a symmetrical electrode structure, where both electrodes can serve as either anode or cathode, the charging branch and the discharging branch are relative terms. Figures 2 to 4Explanation: During forward charging with a forward voltage applied, relay S1 and MOSFET S4 conduct to form a charging branch. During reverse discharge, relay S2 and MOSFET S3 conduct to form a discharge branch after forward charging. After the capacitor deionization module 100 releases its stored energy, a reverse voltage is applied for reverse charging. Relay S2 and MOSFET S3 remain conducting to form a charging branch during reverse charging. During reverse discharge, relay S1 and MOSFET S4 conduct to form a discharge branch after reverse charging. In this case, MOSFETs S3 and S4 are both reused as current limiting units 201. The discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the gates of MOSFETs S3 and S4 respectively, so that during reverse discharge, the corresponding MOSFET S3 or S4 operates in the linear region, thereby regulating the discharge current.
[0055] Based on the above illustrative examples, in practical applications, depending on the requirements, four MOSFETs can be used to form a full-bridge circuit 202, and at least one MOSFET in the discharge branch can be multiplexed as a current limiting unit 201; the second upper bridge arm switch 230 in the discharge branch can be a MOSFET and multiplexed as a current limiting unit 201, while the second lower bridge arm switch 240 in the discharge branch can be a relay; other full-bridge circuit 202 structures based on the same principle can also be used.
[0056] Besides reusing components from the full-bridge circuit 202 as the current limiting unit 201, in some embodiments of this application, the current limiting unit 201 can also be implemented using components independent of the full-bridge circuit 202, such as MOSFETs, bipolar transistors, etc. The current limiting unit 201 is connected in series with the second upper bridge arm switch 230 or the second lower bridge arm switch 240. During charging, the discharge regulation module 300 controls the MOSFET or bipolar transistor to conduct, without affecting the charging process of the capacitor deionization module 100. During discharging, the discharge branch formed by the second upper bridge arm switch 230 and the second lower bridge arm switch 240 is turned on, and at the same time, the discharge regulation module 300 controls the MOSFET to operate in the linear region or controls the bipolar transistor to operate in the amplification region to regulate the discharge current. In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 201 may further include a switching power supply circuit, which is connected in series with the second upper bridge arm switch 230 or the second lower bridge arm switch 240. The discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching power supply circuit. During discharge, the discharge regulation module 300 regulates the output current of the switching power supply circuit by adjusting the PWM signal transmitted to the switching power supply circuit, thereby regulating the discharge current.
[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the switching module 200 may include, in addition to the implementation of the full-bridge circuit 202, the implementation of devices such as double-pole double-throw relays, so as to realize the switching control of charging and discharging of the capacitor deionization module 100 by providing two branches as charging branches and discharging branches.
[0058] In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the switching module 200 further includes a driving unit 250, the control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the full-bridge circuit 202 through the driving unit 250, the second lower bridge arm switch 240 serves as a current limiting unit 201 and is a field-effect transistor, and the discharge regulation module 300 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor through the driving unit 250.
[0059] When the control module 400 and the discharge regulation module 300 cannot directly drive the components in the full-bridge circuit 202, the switching module 200 also includes a drive unit 250. Both the control module 400 and the discharge regulation module 300 are connected to their respective controlled terminals through the drive unit 250. The drive unit 250 amplifies the signals from the control module 400 and the discharge regulation module 300 to improve the driving capability and ensure that the control module 400 and the discharge regulation module 300 can reliably control their respective controlled components.
[0060] When the second lower bridge arm switch 240 is a field-effect transistor and serves as a current limiting unit 201, the drive unit 250 provides sufficient drive capability to ensure the stability of the gate signal of the field-effect transistor. At the same time, the drive unit 250 is also beneficial for isolating the weak current environment on the control side from the strong current environment on the execution side, thereby improving the anti-interference capability and reliability of the control process.
[0061] In some embodiments of this application, the driving unit 250 may include implementations of devices or circuits such as optocoupler isolation driving circuit, half-bridge driving circuit, driving chip or magnetic isolation driving circuit.
[0062] refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the discharge regulation module 300 includes a signal generation unit 310, which is connected to the control module 400 and the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit 201 respectively. The signal generation unit 310 is used to generate an adjustment signal to adjust the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit 201 according to the input current limiting signal.
[0063] The control module 400 generates a signal that is transmitted to the signal generation unit 310 based on the upper limit value of the discharge current or the target value of the discharge current. The signal generation unit 310 generates an adjustment signal based on the input current limiting signal, and the adjustment signal is used to adjust the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit 201.
[0064] In some embodiments of this application, the signal generation unit 310 may include a digital-to-analog converter to convert the digital signal of the control module 400 into an analog level signal, or include a PWM signal generation circuit and a filtering circuit to generate a smooth analog voltage signal so as to control the operating state of the field-effect transistor or other devices when the current limiting unit 201 includes such devices; the signal generation unit 310 may also include a PWM signal generation circuit, which, by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, can control the conduction frequency of the switching transistor in the switching power supply circuit to adjust the magnitude of the output current when the current limiting unit 201 includes such a switching power supply circuit.
[0065] refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, a detection module 600 is further included. The discharge regulation module 300 further includes a feedback regulation unit 320. The detection module 600 is connected to the capacitor deionization module 100 to detect the current of the capacitor deionization module 100. The feedback regulation unit 320 is connected to the detection module 600, the control module 400 and the signal generation unit 310 respectively. The feedback regulation unit 320 is used to generate a current limiting signal input to the signal generation unit 310 based on the target current signal of the control module 400 and the detection current signal of the detection module 600.
[0066] To further improve the accuracy of discharge current regulation, a detection module 600 connected to the capacitor deionization module 100 and a feedback regulation unit 320 are included in the discharge regulation module 300. By combining the target current signal from the control module 400 and the detection current signal from the detection module 600, the difference between the actual detected discharge current and the target discharge current can be obtained, thereby generating a corresponding current limiting signal and forming a closed-loop negative feedback control. This can offset the disturbances caused by capacitor voltage drop or changes in the external environment in real time, which is conducive to more accurate regulation of the discharge current and makes the actual discharge current value closer to the target discharge current value.
[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the detection module 600 may include a current sensor or other device or circuit implementation to detect the current of the capacitor deionization module 100. Additionally, the detection module 600 may also include a voltage sensor or other device or circuit implementation to detect the voltage of the capacitor deionization module 100. The feedback adjustment unit 320 may include a subtraction circuit, an error amplification circuit, a comparison circuit, a microcontroller, or other circuit or device implementation.
[0068] refer to Figure 1In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization circuit of this application, the signal generation unit 310 is provided with an enable terminal, and the control module 400 is connected to the enable terminal to enable or disable the signal generation unit 310.
[0069] The signal generation unit 310 is provided with an enable terminal, and the control module 400 is connected to the enable terminal to enable or disable the signal generation unit 310, enabling the signal generation unit 310 to quickly intervene or withdraw from regulating the discharge current. When the capacitor deionization module 100 is charging or when it is not necessary to regulate the discharge current, disabling the signal generation unit 310 helps reduce energy consumption and avoid false triggering.
[0070] The water purification equipment provided in this application is described below. The water purification equipment described below can be referred to in correspondence with the capacitor deionization circuit described above.
[0071] This application also provides a water purification device, including a device body, wherein the device body is provided with the aforementioned capacitor deionization circuit.
[0072] Based on integrating the capacitor deionization circuit provided in this application into the device body, when the capacitor deionization module 100 is performing reverse discharge, the control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to make the capacitor deionization module 100 enter the discharge state. At the same time, the discharge adjustment module 300 is controlled to intervene in the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module 100 to adjust the current magnitude of the capacitor deionization module 100 during discharge, thereby realizing active intervention and limiting the discharge current magnitude of the capacitor deionization module 100.
[0073] Therefore, based on the structure equipped with the discharge regulation module 300, when the capacitor deionization module 100 performs reverse discharge, the magnitude of the discharge current can be actively controlled to avoid excessive transient current, making the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module 100 more stable and controllable, which is beneficial to improving the stability of water quality.
[0074] In some embodiments of this application, the water purification equipment may specifically be a household water purifier, a tea maker, a coffee machine with water quality selection function, or a direct drinking water station, etc.
[0075] The capacitor deionization control method provided in this application is described below. The capacitor deionization control method described below can be referred to in correspondence with the capacitor deionization circuit and water purification equipment described above.
[0076] This application also provides a capacitor deionization control method, applied to the aforementioned capacitor deionization circuit or the aforementioned water purification equipment, including: When the deionization control module 100 discharges, the upper limit current value of the discharge is determined to generate a target current signal, the discharge regulation module 300 is activated, and the target current signal is transmitted to the discharge regulation module 300. Based on the discharge current value of the capacitor deionization module 100, when the discharge current value is less than the current threshold, the discharge regulation module 300 is disabled, or when the discharge duration of the capacitor deionization module 100 reaches the duration threshold, the discharge regulation module 300 is disabled.
[0077] In situations requiring reverse discharge of the capacitor deionization module 100, such as during desorption regeneration or water purification mode switching, a target current signal is generated by determining the upper limit of the discharge current. The discharge regulation module 300 is then activated to ensure that the capacitor deionization module 100 discharges under controlled discharge current. When the discharge current of the capacitor deionization module 100 is less than the current threshold or the discharge duration reaches the duration threshold, the capacitor deionization module 100 is considered to have completed discharging, and the discharge regulation module 300 is deactivated.
[0078] Therefore, by activating the discharge regulation module 300 and transmitting a target current signal to it, the discharge regulation module 300 controls the discharge current below the upper limit of the discharge current value when the capacitor deionization module 100 performs reverse discharge. This avoids excessive discharge current and makes the discharge process of the capacitor deionization module 100 more stable and controllable, which is beneficial to improving the stability of water quality. The discharge regulation module 300 intervenes only during the discharge of the capacitor deionization module 100 during the constant current discharge process. It automatically exits when the capacitor energy is basically released or the time is up to standard, balancing control accuracy and operating efficiency, and avoiding unnecessary continuous current limiting losses.
[0079] In some embodiments of this application, the current threshold can be determined based on the upper limit of the discharge current value, such as a current threshold of 90% of the upper limit of the discharge current value; the current threshold can also be a preset fixed value, or a different preset value can be adopted according to switching different water purification modes. The duration threshold can be a preset fixed value, or a different preset value can be adopted according to switching different water purification modes.
[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the capacitor deionization control method may be implemented by the control module 400.
[0081] In some embodiments of the capacitor deionization control method of this application, the capacitor deionization circuit includes an adjustable power supply module 500, the switching module 200 is connected to the adjustable power supply module 500, and the control module 400 is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module 500. The method further includes: When the capacitor deionization module 100 is being charged, the power supply voltage and / or power supply current are determined based on the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value. The output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module 500 are controlled according to the power supply voltage and / or the power supply current.
[0082] When the capacitor deionization module 100 is charging, i.e., during adsorption and water purification, the purification effect is related to the charging current. Based on the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value, the supply voltage and / or supply current values are determined, thereby controlling the output of the adjustable power supply module 500. This ensures that the capacitor deionization module 100 charges according to the required charging current, achieving the desired water purification effect. Thus, by controlling the output voltage and current values of the adjustable power supply module 500 according to the actual influent and effluent water quality, precise control of the desalination rate of the capacitor deionization module 100 is achieved. This avoids situations where the water quality does not meet standards or is overtreated due to a constant voltage power supply, which is beneficial for improving water quality stability and energy conservation.
[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the supply voltage and / or supply current values are determined based on the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value. This can be done by using a multi-dimensional lookup table set matching algorithm that pre-stores influent-effluent-electrical parameters, or by using a water quality analysis model based on machine learning to determine real-time electrical parameters.
[0084] It should be noted that when controlling the discharge of the capacitor deionization module 100, the output voltage of the adjustable power supply module 500 can be controlled to 0V. The control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to disconnect the charging branch and connect the discharging branch, activating the discharge regulation module 300 to enable controlled discharge of the capacitor deionization module 100 until the discharge current value is less than the current threshold or the discharge duration reaches the duration threshold, at which point the discharge regulation module 300 is deactivated. Then, the control module 400 controls the switching module 200 to connect the charging branch and disconnect the discharging branch, controlling the output voltage and output current of the adjustable power supply module 500 according to the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value, so that the capacitor deionization module 100 is charged for water purification.
[0085] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a non-transitory readable storage medium storing a program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the capacitor deionization control method provided in the above embodiments.
[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of this application do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application and should be covered within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A capacitive deionization circuit, characterized by, include: Capacitor deionization module (100); A switching module (200) is connected to the capacitor deionization module (100), and the switching module (200) is used to charge or discharge the capacitor deionization module (100). The discharge regulation module (300) is connected to the switching module (200); The control module (400) is connected to the controlled terminal of the switching module (200) and the controlled terminal of the discharge regulation module (300), respectively. The discharge adjustment module (300) is used to adjust the current magnitude of the capacitor deionization module (100) during discharge.
2. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 1, wherein, It also includes an adjustable power supply module (500), the switching module (200) is connected to the adjustable power supply module (500), the control module (400) is connected to the controlled end of the adjustable power supply module (500), and the control module (400) is used to control the output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module (500).
3. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 1, wherein, The switching module (200) includes a charging branch and a discharging branch connected to the capacitor deionization module (100). The discharging branch includes a current limiting unit (201), and the discharging adjustment module (300) is connected to the controlled end of the current limiting unit (201). The magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit (201) is controlled by the controlled terminal voltage or controlled terminal current of the current limiting unit (201).
4. The capacitor deionization circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The charging branch includes a first upper bridge arm switch (210) and a first lower bridge arm switch (220), and the discharging branch includes a second upper bridge arm switch (230) and a second lower bridge arm switch (240). The first upper bridge arm switch (210), the first lower bridge arm switch (220), the second upper bridge arm switch (230), and the second lower bridge arm switch (240) are connected to form a full bridge circuit (202). The full bridge circuit (202) is connected to the capacitor deionization module (100), and the control module (400) is connected to the controlled end of the full bridge circuit (202). Wherein, at least one of the second upper bridge arm switch (230) and the second lower bridge arm switch (240) serves as the current limiting unit (201), or the current limiting unit (201) is connected in series with the second upper bridge arm switch (230) or the second lower bridge arm switch (240).
5. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 4, wherein, The current limiting unit (201) includes a field-effect transistor, and the discharge regulation module (300) is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor. The discharge regulation module (300) is used to make the field-effect transistor work in the linear region when the capacitor deionization module (100) discharges.
6. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 5, wherein, The switching module (200) further includes a driving unit (250). The control module (400) is connected to the controlled terminal of the full-bridge circuit (202) through the driving unit (250). The second lower bridge arm switch (240) serves as a current limiting unit (201) and is a field-effect transistor. The discharge regulation module (300) is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor through the driving unit (250).
7. The capacitive deionization circuit of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein, The discharge regulation module (300) includes a signal generation unit (310), which is connected to the control module (400) and the controlled terminal of the current limiting unit (201) respectively. The signal generation unit (310) is used to generate an adjustment signal to adjust the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit (201) according to the input current limiting signal.
8. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 7, wherein, It also includes a detection module (600), and the discharge regulation module (300) further includes a feedback regulation unit (320). The detection module (600) is connected to the capacitor deionization module (100) to detect the current of the capacitor deionization module (100). The feedback regulation unit (320) is connected to the detection module (600), the control module (400) and the signal generation unit (310) respectively. The feedback regulation unit (320) is used to generate a current limiting signal input to the signal generation unit (310) based on the target current signal of the control module (400) and the detection current signal of the detection module (600).
9. The capacitive deionization circuit of claim 7, wherein, The signal generation unit (310) is provided with an enable terminal, and the control module (400) is connected to the enable terminal to enable or disable the signal generation unit (310).
10. Water purification apparatus, characterized in that It includes a device body, which is provided with a capacitor deionization circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A capacitor deionization control method, characterized in that, Applied to the capacitor deionization circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 or the water purification device as described in claim 10, comprising: When controlling the discharge of the capacitor deionization module, a discharge upper limit current value is determined to generate a target current signal, the discharge regulation module is activated, and the target current signal is transmitted to the discharge regulation module; Based on the discharge current value of the capacitor deionization module, when the discharge current value is less than the current threshold, the discharge regulation module is disabled; or when the discharge duration of the capacitor deionization module reaches the duration threshold, the discharge regulation module is disabled.
12. The capacitor deionization control method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The capacitor deionization circuit includes an adjustable power supply module, the switching module is connected to the adjustable power supply module, and the control module is connected to the controlled terminal of the adjustable power supply module. The method further includes: When controlling the charging of the capacitor deionization module, the power supply voltage and / or power supply current are determined based on the influent TDS value and the target effluent TDS value. The output voltage and / or output current of the adjustable power supply module are controlled according to the power supply voltage and / or the power supply current.
13. A non-transitory readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the capacitor deionization control method as described in claim 11 or 12.