A wading polymer component, a water purification treatment assembly and a water purification system

Abstract

This invention provides a water-contact polymer component, a water purification assembly, and a water purification system, relating to the field of water treatment technology. The water-contact polymer component has an antibacterial polymer layer covalently grafted onto its substrate surface; this antibacterial polymer layer contains antibacterial functional groups selected from quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups. The component provided by this invention, with its substrate surface covalently grafted with a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt or imidazole salt groups, secures positively charged antibacterial groups through strong chemical bonds, achieving non-release, long-lasting antibacterial action that does not detach or precipitate, thus eliminating the risk of secondary pollution. Simultaneously, this structure utilizes a highly efficient contact sterilization mechanism to continuously and actively kill bacteria attached to the surface, completely eradicating the safety hazards of microbial proliferation and biofilm formation in stagnant water from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology, and more specifically, to a water-contact polymer component, a water purification assembly, and a water purification system. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing demands for drinking water quality, water purification systems have become widely used. These systems typically include various water-contact polymer components, such as filter cartridges, flow guides, and piping, to achieve step-by-step filtration and purification of raw water, thereby providing safe drinking water.

[0003] In current water purification equipment, core purification components such as reverse osmosis can effectively trap microorganisms in the incoming water during water purification. To further ensure the quality of the output water, existing technologies usually employ certain antibacterial or bactericidal auxiliary measures, such as directly adding inorganic antibacterial agents to water-contact plastic parts or pretreatment filter materials, or adding post-sterilization units such as ultraviolet light to the downstream section of the water purification pipeline.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have significant limitations in practical applications. On the one hand, because it is difficult to maintain an absolutely sterile environment during the assembly and use of water purification equipment, when the equipment is in a static state for a long time, the internal water stops flowing, and residual organic matter and microorganisms can easily grow and multiply on the surface of water-contacting components (such as flow guide components) and form a biofilm. When water is drawn again, "stale water" containing a high number of colonies is released, causing safety hazards such as excessive microbial indicators. On the other hand, existing post-sterilization units can usually only treat the water flowing through the machine when it is running, and cannot solve the problem of bacterial growth in the internal static water; while using antibacterial agents directly added to the material faces the risk of the effective ingredients easily falling off and precipitating out. This not only causes the antibacterial performance of the material to decay rapidly with the water flow, but the precipitated substances may also cause secondary pollution of the effluent.

[0005] In summary, existing water purification components and systems cannot achieve sustained and proactive microbial inhibition during the settling period. Furthermore, existing antibacterial methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as easy loss of effective components, short lifespan, and potential leaching contamination. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a solution that can achieve long-lasting and continuous antibacterial action without producing leachables.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water-contact polymer component, a water purification assembly, and a water purification system. The water-contact polymer component achieves non-release, long-lasting contact sterilization without the risk of leaching by covalently grafting a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt or imidazole salt groups onto the surface of a substrate, thereby fundamentally inhibiting the growth of bacteria and the formation of biofilms in stagnant water.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a water-contact polymer component, wherein an antibacterial polymer layer is covalently grafted onto the surface of the substrate of the water-contact polymer component; The antibacterial polymer layer contains antibacterial functional groups selected from quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups.

[0009] In optional embodiments, the substrate material includes at least one selected from polyester, polyolefin, polystyrene, and polyethersulfone; and / or, The quaternary ammonium salt group is formed by the reaction of a quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer; the quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; and / or, The imidazole salt group is formed by the reaction of an imidazole salt polymerizable monomer; the imidazole salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of 1,3-diallylimidazolium salt, 1-octyl-3-(2-(vinyl ether)ethyl)imidazolium chloride, 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide, 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, and 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; and / or The antibacterial polymer layer further comprises structural units formed by copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers; and / or, The antibacterial functional group further includes an auxiliary antibacterial group selected from guanidine salt groups and / or pyridinium salt groups; and / or, The water-contaminated polymer components include a mesh woven fabric, a non-woven support layer, a concentrated water grid, end caps, a central tube, or a water-contaminated pipeline.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the antibacterial polymer layer has a cross-linked network structure; the cross-linked network structure is formed by polymerization with the participation of a cross-linking agent.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the crosslinking agent comprises N,N"-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a water-contact polymer component as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, comprising: First, the substrate surface is activated to generate active sites. Then, the surface-activated substrate is contacted with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers and a polymerization reaction is carried out to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the substrate surface; or... The substrate is brought into contact with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers, and the substrate is activated to generate active sites on the surface of the substrate and simultaneously initiate a polymerization reaction, so as to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the surface of the substrate. The antibacterial polymer layer is a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a grafting solution containing polymerizable antibacterial monomers; the antibacterial polymer layer is directly covalently grafted onto the substrate surface through the polymerization reaction. The polymerizable antibacterial monomer is selected from quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers and / or imidazole salt polymerizable monomers.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the concentration of the polymerizable antimicrobial monomer in the grafting solution is 0.1 mol / L to 3.0 mol / L; and / or, The solvent in the grafting solution is water or an alcohol-water mixture.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a reaction solution containing reactive monomers; through the polymerization reaction, a transition polymer layer containing reactive groups is first covalently grafted onto the surface of the substrate; the reactive groups are selected from one or more of epoxy groups, haloalkyl groups, or hydroxyl groups; The substrate grafted with the transition polymer layer is reacted with a tertiary amine and / or imidazole compound to convert the reactive groups into the quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups, thereby generating the antibacterial polymer layer.

[0016] In optional embodiments, the activation treatment method includes at least one of: low-temperature plasma treatment, ultraviolet photoinitiator coating treatment, chemical oxidation treatment, irradiation treatment, and corona treatment; and / or, The polymerization reaction is initiated by any one of the following methods: thermal initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, plasma initiation, and high-energy ray initiation; and / or, The polymerization reaction temperature is 30℃~80℃; and / or, The polymerization reaction takes 1 hour to 12 hours; and / or, The polymerization reaction is carried out under a nitrogen protective atmosphere; and / or, After the polymerization reaction is completed, the process further includes cleaning the substrate with the covalently grafted antibacterial polymer layer and performing vacuum drying at 50°C to 80°C.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the processing gas for the low-temperature plasma treatment is selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and air; and / or, The processing power of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 50W~500W; and / or, The processing time for the low-temperature plasma treatment is 30 seconds to 10 minutes; and / or, The gas pressure for the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 Pa to 100 Pa.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides a water purification component, including a water-contact structural component and / or a filter medium; the water-contact structural component and / or the filter medium adopts a water-contact polymer component as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, or adopts a water-contact polymer component prepared by the preparation method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the water purification assembly includes at least one of a reverse osmosis filter cartridge, a carbon rod filter cartridge, an ultrafiltration filter cartridge, a microfiltration filter cartridge, and a water purification pipeline assembly.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, when the water purification assembly includes a reverse osmosis filter element, the reverse osmosis filter element includes a central tube, an RO membrane, a concentrate grid, a flow guide cloth, a housing, and end caps; At least one of the central tube, the nonwoven support layer of the RO membrane, the concentrate grid, the flow guide cloth, the outer shell, and the end cap adopts the water-contaminated polymer component.

[0021] Fourthly, the present invention provides a water purification system, the water purification system comprising a water purification treatment component as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the water-contact polymer component provided by this invention has an antibacterial polymer layer grafted onto the substrate surface through covalent bonding, resulting in a very strong chemical bond between the antibacterial component and the substrate. This structure fundamentally overcomes the inherent defects of traditional physically added antibacterial agents, which are prone to detachment and precipitation during long-term water rinsing and immersion. By achieving non-release, long-lasting antibacterial action, this component not only ensures the durability and stability of antibacterial performance but also completely eliminates the risk of secondary pollution from the leaching of heavy metals or chemical antibacterial agents, significantly improving the chemical and physical safety of drinking water.

[0023] The quaternary ammonium salt groups or imidazole salt groups contained in the antibacterial polymer layer are positively charged active groups. These groups can strongly adsorb negatively charged microorganisms in the water and kill them by directly destroying their cell membranes, thus achieving highly efficient contact sterilization. When the water purification equipment is in a static state for a long time, the stagnant water on the surface of the water-contacting components is prone to bacterial growth and biofilm formation. This component, utilizing its dense antibacterial groups, can actively kill bacteria it comes into contact with around the clock. This effectively compensates for the limitations of RO filters in static states where bacteria grow and conventional post-filters can only provide instantaneous sterilization when the water is in dynamic flow. It curbs the reproduction and accumulation of microorganisms in stagnant water from the source, ensuring water quality safety whenever water is drawn. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the surface structure and chemical composition of the water-contact polymer component in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the contact sterilization mechanism of the water-contact polymer components in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the microscopic antifouling and drag reduction mechanism of the modified surface of the water-contaminated polymer component in Example 4 of this application; Part A is a schematic diagram of deposition on a conventional hydrophobic surface, and Part B is a schematic diagram of the anti-deposition of the hydration layer on the hydrophilic copolymer surface in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0027] refer to Figure 1 (Surface structure and chemical composition) This invention provides a water-contact polymer component that is applied in a water treatment system to solve the technical problem that microorganisms and biofilms easily grow on the surface of the component under long-term static conditions.

[0028] Specifically, the substrate surface of the water-contact polymer component is covalently grafted with an antibacterial polymer layer. "Covalent grafting" means that the antibacterial polymer layer is not applied to the substrate surface through simple physical coating or van der Waals force adsorption, but rather through a polymerization reaction after active sites are generated on the substrate surface. This allows the polymer chains to grow or connect firmly to the substrate surface via covalent bonds. This chemically bonded connection method endows the modified surface with extremely high structural stability and resistance to water erosion.

[0029] Furthermore, the antibacterial polymer layer comprises antibacterial functional groups. In a core embodiment of the present invention, the antibacterial functional groups are selected from quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups. Both the quaternary ammonium salt groups and the imidazole salt groups are positively charged cationic groups.

[0030] Its antibacterial mechanism is as follows (see reference) Figure 2 Most microorganisms in nature (such as bacteria and fungi) have negatively charged cell membranes. When microorganisms in water come into contact with the surface of the water-contact polymer component, the high density of positively charged quaternary ammonium salt groups or imidazole salt groups on the polymer layer strongly attracts the negatively charged microbial cells through electrostatic attraction, thereby disrupting the structural integrity of the cell membrane and causing leakage of important substances such as enzymes and proteins from the microbial cells, thus leading to the rapid death of the microorganisms. This sterilization process is a non-release "contact sterilization" method. The sterilizing components do not dissolve or release into the water. While completely eradicating the problem of bacterial growth inside the water flow channel, it avoids the risk of secondary pollution from excessive heavy metals or chemicals caused by traditional release-type antibacterial agents, significantly improving drinking water safety.

[0031] In addition, in order to adapt to different water quality conditions or the material properties of specific water-contacting components, in addition to the aforementioned quaternary ammonium salt groups and imidazole salt groups, the antibacterial functional groups can also adopt other positively charged cationic bactericidal groups.

[0032] In some alternative embodiments, the antibacterial functional group may also be selected from one or more of guanidine salt groups, pyridinium salt groups, or phosphonium salt groups.

[0033] For example, covalent grafting with polymerizable monomers containing guanidine salt groups can also form a positively charged contact bactericidal polymer network on the substrate surface; grafting with monomers containing pyridine salt groups or phosphonium salt groups can further improve the heat resistance or stability against specific chemical environments of the modified surface while ensuring broad-spectrum bactericidal performance. The mechanism of action of the above-mentioned substitution groups is essentially the same as that of quaternary ammonium salts and imidazole salt groups, all belonging to the non-release contact bactericidal mechanism of disrupting cell membranes through electrostatic adsorption, and can also achieve the beneficial effects of the present invention.

[0034] In summary, the antibacterial polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt or imidazole salt groups is covalently grafted onto the surface of the water-contact polymer component substrate provided in this embodiment, allowing the positively charged, highly efficient antibacterial groups to be firmly fixed to the substrate through chemical bonds. This structure utilizes a contact sterilization mechanism to continuously and actively disrupt the microbial cell membranes on the surface of the contact component, effectively inhibiting the reproduction of bacteria and the formation of biofilms in stagnant water from the source, thus overcoming the limitations of dynamic sterilization methods. At the same time, the chemical bonding ensures that the antibacterial components do not detach or precipitate under long-term water flow, achieving non-release, long-lasting antibacterial action, completely eliminating the risk of secondary pollution caused by the dissolution of antibacterial substances, and ensuring long-term stable water quality safety.

[0035] In some embodiments, the substrate is made of at least one of polyester, polyolefin, polystyrene and polyethersulfone.

[0036] For example, the substrate can be a polymer material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), or polyethylene (PE). These polymer substrates themselves possess excellent mechanical strength and water resistance, and their surfaces are rich in carbon-hydrogen bonds. After activation treatment, they readily generate active free radicals, thus providing abundant reaction sites for the covalent grafting of the antibacterial polymer layer.

[0037] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt group is formed by reacting a quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer; the quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.

[0038] In some embodiments, the imidazole salt group is formed by reacting an imidazole salt polymerizable monomer; the imidazole salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of 1,3-diallylimidazolium salt, 1-octyl-3-(2-(vinyl ether)ethyl)imidazolium chloride, 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide, 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, and 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

[0039] Specifically, the quaternary ammonium salt group is formed by polymerization of quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers. To ensure a high grafting rate and excellent contact sterilization effect, the quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers are preferably at least one selected from methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride. Alternatively, the imidazole salt group is formed by polymerization of imidazole salt polymerizable monomers, preferably at least one selected from 1,3-diallylimidazolium salt, 1-octyl-3-(2-(vinyl ether)ethyl)imidazolium chloride, 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide, 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, and 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. All of the above monomers have strong positive charge centers, and after covalent grafting, they can strongly adsorb and puncture the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane through electrostatic interaction, achieving non-release, long-lasting sterilization.

[0040] To further broaden the antibacterial spectrum, in some embodiments, the antibacterial functional group may further include, in addition to the aforementioned quaternary ammonium salt group or imidazole salt group, an auxiliary antibacterial group selected from guanidine salt group and / or pyridine salt group. The combined use of cationic groups with different structures can produce a significant synergistic antibacterial effect, effectively killing a variety of resistant microorganisms in complex aquatic environments.

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment, the antibacterial polymer layer further comprises structural units formed by copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers. By introducing hydrophilic structural units, on the one hand, the wetting properties of the surface of the water-contact polymer component can be significantly improved, water flow resistance can be reduced, and the overall water flux can be increased; on the other hand, the hydrophilic surface is easy to form a hydration layer, which can effectively resist the adhesion of hydrophobic organic matter and microbial debris, thereby working synergistically with the antibacterial groups to effectively inhibit the formation of surface biofilms for a long time.

[0042] In some embodiments, the water-contaminated polymer component includes a mesh woven fabric, a non-woven support layer, a concentrated water grid, end caps, a central tube, or a water-contaminated pipeline.

[0043] In specific application scenarios, the water-contact polymer components can be manufactured into various parts within a water purification system that are prone to retaining stagnant water, including but not limited to woven mesh fabrics (such as the flow guide fabric of an RO membrane), non-woven support layers, concentrate grids, filter cartridge end caps, central tubes, or water-contact pipelines of the water purification equipment. By performing overall or partial surface grafting modification on these key water-contact components, the microbial breeding dead zones inside the water purification equipment can be completely eliminated.

[0044] In some embodiments, the antibacterial polymer layer has a cross-linked network structure; the cross-linked network structure is formed by polymerization with the participation of a cross-linking agent.

[0045] In this embodiment, the antibacterial polymer layer is not a simple linear polymer structure, but rather a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure. This cross-linked network structure is formed during the polymerization reaction stage by the participation of a cross-linking agent. Specifically, the cross-linking agent molecule typically contains two or more active double bonds that can participate in polymerization. When monomers containing antibacterial groups are grafted onto the substrate surface, the cross-linking agent molecule acts as a bridge, cross-linking and binding adjacent linear polymer chains through covalent bonds, thereby constructing a dense three-dimensional polymer network structure on the substrate surface.

[0046] The introduction of this cross-linked network structure has significant beneficial effects. On the one hand, the three-dimensional network formed by cross-linking greatly enhances the cohesion and mechanical strength of the antibacterial polymer layer. This allows the modified layer to exhibit extremely excellent structural stability under high pressure, continuous water flow, and long-term immersion in water purification systems, making it less prone to swelling, cracking, or peeling off. This ensures the long-lasting effectiveness of the contact antibacterial function, matching its lifespan with that of the component itself. On the other hand, the dense cross-linked network further stabilizes the spatial arrangement of the antibacterial functional groups, strengthening the non-leaching and non-release safety characteristics and preventing secondary pollution of the water.

[0047] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent includes N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide has good water solubility and high reactivity, and can efficiently crosslink and cure monomer chains containing quaternary ammonium salts or imidazole salts under neutral or mild conditions.

[0048] Furthermore, to adapt to different polymerization processes and varying requirements for the physical properties of the modified layer, the crosslinking agent is not limited to the substances mentioned above. In other alternative embodiments, the crosslinking agent may also be selected from one or more compounds containing bifunctional or multifunctional groups, such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), or divinylbenzene (DVB). For example, using polyethylene glycol diacrylate as a crosslinking agent, while forming a three-dimensional antibacterial network, its polyether segments can further enhance the hydrophilicity of the component surface, thereby reducing water flow filtration resistance on the basis of antibacterial properties and achieving a synergistic improvement in multiple performance aspects.

[0049] This application also provides a method for preparing a water-contact polymer component as described in any of the foregoing embodiments. This method employs surface-initiated polymerization grafting technology to impart a durable, non-release antibacterial function to the surface of the water-contact component without compromising its mechanical strength. Specifically, the preparation method includes the core steps of activating the substrate surface and monomer grafting polymerization. To adapt to different industrial production needs and equipment conditions, this embodiment provides two parallel grafting polymerization implementation paths: a pre-activation grafting strategy and a simultaneous activation grafting strategy. The method includes any one of the following two implementation paths: A. First, the surface of the substrate is activated to generate active sites on the surface of the substrate. Then, the surface-activated substrate is brought into contact with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers and a polymerization reaction is carried out to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the surface of the substrate.

[0050] In the first pre-activated grafting implementation path, the substrate surface of the water-contact polymer component undergoes independent activation treatment. The purpose of the activation treatment is to break the inert polymer bonds (such as C-C or CH bonds) on the substrate surface using external energy (e.g., low-temperature plasma treatment, UV photoinitiator coating treatment, corona treatment, or chemical oxidation treatment), thereby generating a large number of highly active free radicals or peroxides on the very shallow surface of the substrate. Subsequently, this surface-activated substrate is immersed in or contacted with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers, and a polymerization reaction is carried out at a suitable temperature. The pre-existing active sites on the surface trigger the monomers in the reaction solution to undergo chain growth starting from the substrate surface, thereby covalently grafting a polymer layer onto the substrate surface. The advantage of this path is that it can effectively suppress the homopolymerization reaction of monomers inside the reaction solution, improve monomer utilization, and simplify the post-processing cleaning procedure.

[0051] B. The substrate is brought into contact with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers, and the substrate is activated to generate active sites on the surface of the substrate and simultaneously initiate a polymerization reaction, so as to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the surface of the substrate.

[0052] In the second synchronous activation grafting implementation path, the substrate is first brought into full contact with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers (e.g., directly immersed in the grafting solution). While surrounded by the liquid phase, the substrate is activated using a penetrating activation source (e.g., high-energy radiation, ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength). At this point, the moment the activation source excites active sites on the substrate surface, these active sites immediately collide with adjacent monomer molecules and simultaneously initiate a polymerization reaction. The advantage of this path is that it shortens the residence and decay time of free radicals, resulting in a more compact reaction process, and in some systems, it facilitates obtaining higher surface grafting densities.

[0053] The antibacterial polymer layer is a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups.

[0054] The advantage of this approach is that it shortens the residence and decay time of free radicals, resulting in a more compact reaction process, which is beneficial for obtaining higher surface grafting density in certain systems. More preferably, when using ultraviolet light irradiation as the activation source for simultaneous activation grafting, an appropriate amount of photoinitiator (such as bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide, etc.) can be directly dissolved and added to the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers to improve the excitation efficiency of free radicals in the system by ultraviolet light, thereby obtaining a more uniform and denser grafting network on the substrate surface (especially inside porous substrates such as nonwoven fabrics).

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, in order to ensure the stability of the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers and the uniformity of the grafting reaction, the pH value of the reaction solution is preferably adjusted to 6.0~7.5 (e.g., 6.5, 7.0, etc.); the solid-liquid ratio of the substrate and the reaction solution during the polymerization reaction is preferably controlled at 1:10~1:30 (e.g., 1:15, 1:20, etc.).

[0056] Whether using the pre-activated grafting or simultaneous activated grafting methods described above, an antibacterial polymer layer is ultimately grafted firmly onto the substrate surface through chemical covalent bonds. This antibacterial polymer layer comprises a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups, which are generated by the reaction of corresponding polymerizable antibacterial monomers (such as quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers or imidazole salt polymerizable monomers).

[0057] The mechanism and beneficial effects of the above preparation method are as follows: The water-contact polymer components prepared by this method have surfaces densely covered with quaternary ammonium salt or imidazole salt groups carrying strong positive charges. When negatively charged microorganisms in stagnant water come into contact with this modified surface, the strong electrostatic effect causes the antibacterial groups to adsorb and destroy the cell membranes of the microorganisms, resulting in cell fluid leakage and microbial death. Due to the use of covalent bonding grafting technology, the polymeric antibacterial layer is permanently anchored to the surface of the component, which not only achieves highly efficient "contact non-release sterilization" but also greatly enhances the ability to withstand long-term water flow erosion, completely avoiding secondary chemical pollution of drinking water caused by the leaching and dissolution of traditional additive antibacterial agents.

[0058] In some embodiments, the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a grafting solution containing polymerizable antibacterial monomers; the antibacterial polymer layer is directly covalently grafted onto the substrate surface through the polymerization reaction. The polymerizable antibacterial monomer is selected from quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers and / or imidazole salt polymerizable monomers.

[0059] In the above embodiments, a one-step direct grafting strategy is employed to construct the surface antibacterial layer. Specifically, in the polymerization reaction step, the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a grafting solution containing polymerizable antibacterial monomers. Under this process path, when the substrate, after surface activation treatment (generating surface free radicals or active sites), comes into contact with the grafting solution, the active sites directly initiate a chain polymerization reaction of the monomers with antibacterial groups in the solution. Through this polymerization reaction, monomer molecules with antibacterial groups continuously bond and grow from the substrate surface, thereby directly and in one step covalently grafting the antibacterial polymer layer onto the substrate surface.

[0060] This one-step direct grafting strategy has significant process advantages. It eliminates the need for cumbersome intermediate grafting and secondary functionalization steps, which not only greatly simplifies the production process and reduces manufacturing costs, but also ensures that the final polymer chain has an extremely high and uniform density of antibacterial functional groups because the antibacterial groups participate in polymerization directly as the inherent backbone of the monomer. This avoids antibacterial performance defects caused by insufficient conversion rate in post-processing.

[0061] To achieve efficient and safe antibacterial treatment, the polymerizable antibacterial monomer is selected from quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers and / or imidazole salt polymerizable monomers. In terms of molecular structure design, these monomers all contain carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., acryloyl or vinyl structures) for participating in the polymerization reaction, and cationic centers (quaternary ammonium nitrogen or positively charged imidazole rings) for exerting bactericidal effects.

[0062] The microscopic mechanism of direct grafting using the aforementioned specific monomers lies in the fact that the modified surface generated by their polymerization exhibits a high density of positive charges in an aquatic environment. When negatively charged microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) in the water come into contact with this surface, the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative charges causes the positively charged quaternary ammonium salt or imidazole salt groups on the surface to strongly adsorb and destroy the cell membrane of the microorganisms. This charge action can rapidly lead to the rupture of the microbial cell wall, leakage of contents, and death. This process belongs to contact sterilization through pure physical-chemical charge action. The bactericidal groups are firmly fixed on the substrate through covalent bonds and will not be consumed or dissolved into the water. Thus, while achieving long-lasting and broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, it completely eliminates the risk of secondary water pollution caused by the leaching of heavy metals or toxic chemical antibacterial agents. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also mix quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers and imidazole salt polymerizable monomers in a certain proportion according to the different antibacterial spectrum requirements of the water treatment environment, in order to obtain even better broad-spectrum anti-biofouling performance through the synergistic effect of different cationic structures.

[0063] In the preferred direct covalent grafting embodiment described above, specific limitations are imposed on the preparation parameters of the grafting solution in order to ensure the efficiency of the grafting polymerization reaction and the physical and hygienic properties of the final water-contact components.

[0064] Specifically, the concentration of the polymerizable antibacterial monomer in the grafting solution is preferably controlled within the range of 0.1 mol / L to 3.0 mol / L. For example, it can be 0.1 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L, 1.0 mol / L, 1.5 mol / L, 2.0 mol / L, 2.5 mol / L, 3.0 mol / L, etc. Controlling the monomer concentration within this reasonable range has significant process implications. The monomer concentration in the reaction system directly affects the growth rate and grafting density of the surface grafted chains. When the concentration is within this range, the monomer molecules can efficiently bind to the active sites on the substrate surface and undergo moderate chain growth, thereby constructing a dense and continuous positively charged antibacterial network on the surface, endowing the substrate with long-lasting contact bactericidal ability; simultaneously, this upper concentration limit effectively inhibits excessive and ineffective homopolymerization side reactions of the monomer within the solution, avoiding the resulting high-viscosity free polymer residues. More importantly, the appropriate grafting rate ensures that the thickness of the modified polymer layer is within a microscopically controllable range, preventing excessively thick coatings from clogging the microscopic water flow pores of components such as flow guide cloth and non-woven fabric. This ensures that the modified components maintain their bactericidal properties without increasing the filtration resistance of the water purification system.

[0065] Regarding the choice of solvent, the grafting solution uses water or an alcohol-water mixture. Since the selected quaternary ammonium salts or imidazole salts all possess strong polar ionic bonds, they exhibit excellent solubility in aqueous media. Using water or an alcohol-water mixture as the dispersion medium completely avoids the use of highly toxic organic solvents in traditional organic chemical synthesis, thoroughly eliminating the risk of toxic and harmful solvent residues contaminating drinking water in water-contaminated components, thus meeting stringent hygiene standards for water-contaminated materials. Furthermore, for polymer substrates exhibiting hydrophobic properties, the alcohol-water mixture (e.g., a mixture of ethanol and water) can effectively reduce the surface tension of the solution, allowing the grafting solution to quickly and uniformly wet and penetrate into the microstructures and pores of the substrate surface, thereby ensuring the uniform occurrence of the covalent grafting reaction on the substrate surface. In addition, the aqueous solvent system also provides the process with advantages such as easy cleaning and environmentally friendly wastewater for industrial production.

[0066] In another preferred embodiment, the present invention employs a two-step strategy of "grafting first, then functionalizing" to construct an antibacterial polymer layer on the surface of water-contact components. This strategy separates the construction of the polymer backbone from the generation of antibacterial functional groups, giving the material preparation process extremely high flexibility, and is particularly suitable for directly polymerizing complex cationic antibacterial groups that have steric hindrance or low reactivity.

[0067] In some embodiments, the reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a reaction solution containing reactive monomers; through the polymerization reaction, a transition polymer layer containing reactive groups is first covalently grafted onto the surface of the substrate; the reactive groups are selected from one or more of epoxy, haloalkyl, or hydroxyl groups; the substrate with the grafted transition polymer layer is reacted with a tertiary amine and / or imidazole compound to convert the reactive groups into the quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups, thereby generating the antibacterial polymer layer.

[0068] Specifically, the first step of this strategy is the covalent grafting of a transition polymer layer. In this step, the reaction solution used, which contains polymerizable monomers, is a reaction solution containing reactive monomers. These reactive monomers contain carbon-carbon double bonds for polymerization in their molecular structure, and also carry reactive groups that do not participate in the polymerization reaction but have high subsequent conversion activity. These reactive groups are selected from one or more of epoxy groups, haloalkyl groups, or hydroxyl groups. For example, glycidyl methacrylate (containing epoxy groups) or p-chloromethylstyrene (containing haloalkyl groups) can be used as reactive monomers. When the surface-activated substrate comes into contact with this reaction solution, the double bonds of the monomers open and connect to each other through polymerization, growing polymer chains starting from the substrate surface. Because these reactive monomer molecules are small in size and have high polymerization activity, a high-density graft network can be easily obtained on the substrate surface; simultaneously, the epoxy groups, haloalkyl groups, or hydroxyl groups are well retained as side groups on the long polymer chains, thereby covalently grafting a "transition polymer layer" rich in chemical reaction sites onto the substrate surface.

[0069] The second step of this strategy involves the in-situ functionalization of antibacterial groups. After cleaning, the substrate grafted with the aforementioned transition polymer layer is placed in a reaction system containing tertiary amines and / or imidazole compounds. The chemical mechanism lies in the strong nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atoms in the tertiary amine or imidazole molecules, enabling them to react efficiently with the reactive groups on the transition layer. For example, when the transition layer contains a haloalkyl group, the tertiary amine molecule undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction; when the transition layer contains an epoxy group, the tertiary amine or imidazole molecule attacks the epoxy ring to undergo a ring-opening addition reaction. Through these efficient chemical transformations, the originally densely packed reactive groups on the transition layer are in-situ converted into quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups with strong positive charges, ultimately generating the antibacterial polymer layer with contact bactericidal capabilities.

[0070] The advantage of adopting the "grafting first, functionalization later" strategy is that it not only ensures a sufficiently high polymer grafting density on the substrate surface, but also allows for extremely convenient fine-tuning and customization of the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity and bactericidal efficacy of the generated quaternary ammonium salt by selecting tertiary amine compounds with different structures in the second conversion step (e.g., N,N-dimethyl long-chain alkylamines with alkyl carbon chains of different lengths). The generated antibacterial polymer layer is also firmly bonded to the substrate through covalent bonds, achieving long-lasting, broad-spectrum contact sterilization (by destroying bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic adsorption of positive and negative charges) while ensuring that the antibacterial components do not dissolve or release, thus meeting the stringent requirements of water purification equipment for both water quality safety and long-lasting antibacterial effect.

[0071] In the above-mentioned method for preparing water-contaminated polymer components, in order to obtain a high-density covalent grafted layer and protect the macroscopic mechanical properties of the substrate during the modification process, the surface activation, initiation mode, and various key reaction parameters were precisely controlled.

[0072] In some embodiments, the activation treatment method includes at least one of: low-temperature plasma treatment, ultraviolet photoinitiator coating treatment, chemical oxidation treatment, irradiation treatment, and corona treatment.

[0073] In some embodiments, the polymerization reaction is initiated by any one of thermal initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, plasma initiation, and high-energy ray initiation.

[0074] The common principle behind these activation methods is to utilize high-energy physical particles or chemical oxidants to specifically attack the very shallow surface layer of the polymer substrate, breaking inert chemical bonds and thereby generating highly reactive free radicals or peroxides in situ on the surface. In conjunction with this, the polymerization reaction can be initiated using any one of the following methods: thermal initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, plasma initiation, and high-energy radiation initiation. Through proper matching of activation and initiation processes, the initial state of the surface grafting reaction can be precisely controlled.

[0075] To balance grafting efficiency and side reactions, the polymerization reaction temperature is controlled within the range of 30℃ to 80℃. For example, it can be 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, etc. A suitable temperature provides the necessary activation energy for monomer diffusion and chain growth; simultaneously, this upper temperature limit effectively avoids violent monomer self-polymerization within the reaction solution, preventing thermal deformation of the substrate. To ensure that the grafted polymer chains achieve the ideal molecular weight and surface coverage, the polymerization reaction time is controlled within 1 hour to 12 hours. For example, it can be 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, etc.

[0076] To avoid the quenching effect of ambient oxygen on free radicals, the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, which effectively prolongs the lifetime of surface free radicals and significantly improves the grafting rate of the target monomer. Furthermore, after the polymerization reaction, a crucial post-processing step is included: thoroughly cleaning the substrate with the covalently grafted antibacterial polymer layer and performing vacuum drying at 50°C to 80°C. For example, the vacuum drying temperature can be 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, etc. The cleaning process thoroughly removes any free monomers and homopolymers that have not formed covalent bonds, ensuring the material's non-toxicity and zero precipitation in water-related environments from the source; while vacuum drying at a specific temperature efficiently removes residual solvents without causing thermo-oxidative aging of the modified layer, locking in the final microstructure.

[0077] Among various activation methods, low-temperature plasma treatment is the preferred option due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and uniform processing.

[0078] When employing this scheme, the processing gas for the low-temperature plasma treatment is selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and air; inert gases tend to generate free radicals through physical bombardment, while oxygen-containing gases are beneficial for introducing oxygen-containing initiating groups. To achieve the optimal balance between fully activating the surface and preventing surface etching, the equipment operating parameters must be strictly controlled: the processing power of the low-temperature plasma treatment is controlled between 50W and 500W. For example, it can be 50W, 100W, 150W, 200W, 300W, 400W, 450W, 500W, etc.; the processing time of the low-temperature plasma treatment is controlled between 30 seconds and 10 minutes. For example, it can be 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.; the gas pressure of the low-temperature plasma treatment is controlled in a vacuum environment of 10Pa to 100Pa. For example, it can be 10Pa, 20Pa, 30Pa, 50Pa, 70Pa, 80Pa, 90Pa, 100Pa, etc. This pressure range ensures the formation of a dense and stable glow discharge within the cavity, thereby enabling uniform activation and modification of water-contact components (such as filter cartridges with micropores) without any dead angles.

[0079] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a water purification component, which is widely used in various water treatment systems and terminal drinking water equipment to purify raw water step by step and ensure the safety of the produced water quality.

[0080] The water purification component includes a water-contact structural component and / or a filter medium; the water-contact structural component and / or the filter medium uses a water-contact polymer component as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, or uses a water-contact polymer component prepared by the preparation method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0081] Specifically, the aforementioned water purification components include water-contact structural parts and / or filter media. The water-contact structural parts and / or filter media utilize the water-contact polymer components provided in the above embodiments, or water-contact polymer components prepared by the above methods. The water-contact structural parts typically include components for support, flow guidance, or encapsulation, while the filter media comprises mesh or porous materials that directly participate in water flow infiltration and separation. Because these components utilize polymer materials with positively charged antibacterial groups (such as quaternary ammonium salts or imidazole salts) covalently grafted onto their surfaces, the entire water-contact surface of the water purification component possesses long-lasting contact antibacterial capabilities. When the water purification equipment is in water production mode or in a long-term shutdown and static state, the antibacterial groups on the polymer surface can continuously adsorb and destroy the cell membranes of contacted microorganisms, fundamentally preventing the formation of biofilms inside the component, solving the problem of bacterial growth caused by static water storage, and ensuring a safe characteristic of no chemical leaching.

[0082] To adapt to the needs of different water treatment levels, the specific form of the water purification components can be at least one of reverse osmosis filter cartridges, carbon rod filter cartridges, ultrafiltration filter cartridges, microfiltration filter cartridges (such as pleated PP filter cartridges, pleated PES filter cartridges, etc.), and water purification pipeline components. By applying polymer components with surface antibacterial properties (such as the non-woven fabric support layer used as a pleated filter cartridge) to various stages of the water system, end-to-end microbial protection can be achieved from pretreatment filtration, core desalination filtration to final delivery.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, when the water purification assembly includes a reverse osmosis filter cartridge, the internal structure of the reverse osmosis filter cartridge is specifically designed to inhibit bacterial growth. Those skilled in the art know that the internal structure of a spiral-wound reverse osmosis filter cartridge typically includes a central tube for collecting pure water, an RO membrane, a concentrate grid distributed between the membranes, and a flow guide cloth, as well as a housing and end caps for encapsulation. The flow guide cloth and concentrate grid have a very large surface area; when the equipment is idle, the pure water retained in the grid gaps is highly susceptible to bacterial growth, resulting in "stale water" with excessive bacterial colonies when restarted. In this embodiment, at least one of the central tube of the reverse osmosis filter cartridge, the nonwoven support layer of the RO membrane, the concentrate grid, the flow guide cloth, the housing, and the end caps (preferably the flow guide cloth or the concentrate grid) utilizes the grafted and modified water-contact polymer component. By introducing a non-release contact antibacterial layer in situ into the internal microchannels of the reverse osmosis membrane module, microorganisms in the water can be killed around the clock without changing the desalination performance and filtration flux of the reverse osmosis membrane itself. This completely eliminates the safety hazard of bacteria growing in the stagnant water inside the reverse osmosis filter element and greatly improves the drinking safety of the first cup of water.

[0084] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a water purification system, which serves as a complete water treatment device for end users and aims to completely solve the industry technical problem of microbial growth and secondary pollution caused by prolonged stagnation of water treatment equipment.

[0085] Specifically, the water purification system includes the various water purification components provided in the above embodiments. In practical applications, the water purification system can be a household under-sink water purifier, a countertop water purifier and dispenser, a commercial direct drinking water system, or a whole-house central water purification system, etc. The system typically has a complete water flow channel internally, including a raw water inlet, multi-stage filtration units, a water storage unit (optional), and a purified water outlet.

[0086] In the flow channel architecture of this water purification system, the water purification components modified by covalently grafted antibacterial polymer layers (such as reverse osmosis filter units containing antibacterial flow guide cloth or antibacterial concentrate grid, and water purification pipeline components with antibacterial surfaces) enable the system to obtain an in-situ, long-lasting and passive whole-machine microbial protection capability.

[0087] Its system-level benefits are manifested in the following ways: When the water purification system is in normal operation, raw water flows through each stage of the components under the pressure of the water pump or tap water. The system effectively traps various impurities and pathogens in the water by relying on the physical precision of the filter media. When the user stops drawing water and the system enters a long-term standby (static) state, the pure water stagnating in the micro-channels inside the system (such as the flow guide network between the RO membranes) loses its fluidity. At this time, the positively charged antibacterial groups (quaternary ammonium salts or imidazole salts) with a high density distributed on the surface of the components begin to exert a contact bactericidal effect, strongly adsorbing and destroying the bacterial cell membranes remaining in the surrounding water or permeating in from the reverse, thus eliminating the possibility of bacterial reproduction and biofilm deposition at the source.

[0088] This water purification system, based on material-level modification, effectively avoids the problem of excessive bacterial counts in "stale water" caused by prolonged stagnant water in traditional water purifiers. It ensures that the first cup of water users draw from the tap each time meets extremely stringent drinking water hygiene and safety standards. Furthermore, compared to traditional solutions that require additional power-consuming ultraviolet sterilization modules or rely on frequent automatic flushing of stale water, the water purification system provided in this embodiment not only achieves zero-energy, all-around antibacterial protection but also, thanks to its non-release covalent bond structure, prevents the leaching of any chemical antibacterial substances, providing users with a more energy-efficient, long-lasting, and absolutely safe overall drinking water solution.

[0089] The present invention will be further illustrated below with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely for the purpose of more detailed illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way.

[0090] Example 1 This embodiment provides an RO filter element with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines the basic antibacterial performance and anti-leaching effect of polyester (PET) flow guide cloth after surface covalent grafting modification by using the process route of "low temperature plasma pre-activation + direct grafting of quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer".

[0091] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Select a clean PET mesh woven guide cloth as the substrate, clean and dry it; (2) Surface activation treatment: The above-mentioned substrate is placed in a plasma treatment device, nitrogen is used as the treatment gas, the plasma power is set to 200W, the nitrogen pressure is 50Pa, and the activation time is 3 minutes, so as to generate active sites on the PET fiber surface that can be used to initiate the polymerization reaction. (3) Preparation of grafting solution: Take the quaternary ammonium salt monomer DMC (methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), dissolve it in a water / ethanol mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 9:1, prepare a grafting solution with a monomer concentration of 1.2 mol / L, and adjust the pH to 6.5~7.0; (4) Grafting reaction: Under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, the surface-activated PET flow guide cloth is immersed in a grafting solution at a constant temperature of 60°C at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 and reacted for 4 hours to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt groups onto the substrate surface. (5) Post-treatment: The modified flow-guiding cloth was rinsed three times with deionized water at 40°C, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C until constant weight. The final grafting rate of the modified flow-guiding cloth was determined to be 12.5%.

[0092] (6) Filter assembly: The modified PET flow guide cloth is assembled with the central tube, RO membrane, concentrate grid, shell and end cap into the final RO filter of Example 1 according to the conventional RO membrane element rolling process.

[0093] Example 2 This embodiment provides an RO filter element with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. The main focus is on the effect of a grafting system containing imidazole salt polymerizable monomers and a crosslinking agent on the antibacterial performance of the modified flow-through fabric.

[0094] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Select a clean PET mesh woven guide cloth as the substrate, clean and dry it; (2) Surface activation treatment: The above-mentioned substrate is placed in a plasma treatment device, nitrogen is used as the treatment gas, the plasma power is set to 300W, the nitrogen pressure is 40Pa, and the activation time is 5 minutes; (3) Grafting solution preparation: Take imidazole salt monomer 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide, dissolve it in a water / ethanol mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 1:1, and prepare a grafting solution with a monomer concentration of 0.8 mol / L. Add N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the solution as a crosslinking agent. The amount of crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide added is 2.0 mol% of the monomer amount (i.e., 0.02 mol of crosslinking agent is added per mole of monomer).

[0095] (4) Grafting reaction: Under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, the surface-activated PET guide cloth is immersed in a grafting solution at a constant temperature of 65°C at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 and reacted for 6 hours to generate an antibacterial polymer layer with a cross-linked network structure. (5) Post-treatment: The modified flow-guiding cloth was rinsed three times with deionized water at 60°C, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C until constant weight. The final grafting rate of the modified flow-guiding cloth was determined to be 10.8%.

[0096] (6) Filter cartridge assembly: Using the modified PET flow guide cloth described above, the filter cartridge of Example 2 is assembled with the central tube, RO membrane, concentrate grid, shell and end cap according to conventional process.

[0097] Example 3 This embodiment provides an RO filter element with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines and verifies the antibacterial effect and feasibility of using polyolefin (PP) as the substrate and adopting the "synchronous activation grafting (co-irradiation grafting)" process to prepare modified components.

[0098] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Select a clean PP material concentrate grid (polypropylene concentrate grid) as the substrate, clean and dry it; Prepare an 8 wt% benzophenone (BP) solution. Immerse the PP mesh in the solution for 10 minutes, then remove and air dry in the dark.

[0099] (2) Preparation of grafting solution: Take the quaternary ammonium salt monomer DMC, dissolve it in a water / ethanol mixed solvent, and prepare a grafting solution with a concentration of 0.4 mol / L.

[0100] (3) Synchronous activation of grafting reaction: The PP concentrated water grid was completely immersed in the above grafting solution. Under room temperature and nitrogen protective atmosphere, the PP concentrated water grid immersed in the solution was directly irradiated with a UV lamp with a main wavelength of 365nm. The UV light penetrated the solution and excited active sites on the PP surface, and simultaneously initiated the chain polymerization reaction of DMC monomer on the surface. The photo-irradiation reaction time was 30 minutes.

[0101] (4) Post-treatment: Take out the modified PP concentrate screen, use deionized water to thoroughly ultrasonically clean 3 times to remove homopolymer, and place it in a vacuum dryer at 50℃ until constant weight.

[0102] (5) Filter assembly: The modified PP concentrate grid is assembled with conventional unmodified PET flow guide cloth, central tube, RO membrane, etc. to form the RO filter of Example 3.

[0103] Example 4 This embodiment provides an RO filter element with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines the synergistic effect of adopting the "grafting followed by functionalization (two-step method)" process and introducing "hydrophilic monomer copolymerization" on improving the water flux and antibacterial performance of the filter element.

[0104] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment and activation: The same PET flow-guiding cloth as in Example 1 was used, and the same nitrogen plasma parameters were used for pre-activation treatment (200W, 50Pa, 3min). (2) Step 1 (Covalent Grafting Transition Layer): A mixture of reactive monomer GMA (glycidyl methacrylate, containing epoxy groups) and hydrophilic monomer HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was prepared and dissolved in an ethanol / water (1:1 v / v) mixed solvent at a molar ratio of 1:1, with a total monomer concentration of 0.3 mol / L. The activated PET flow-guiding cloth was immersed in this solution, and nitrogen gas was introduced to remove oxygen interference from the system. Grafting polymerization was initiated by free radicals generated on the substrate surface using plasma pre-activation, and the reaction was carried out at 60°C for 4 hours. After washing and drying, a transition polymer layer containing epoxy groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups was formed on the PET surface. (3) Second step (in-situ functionalization conversion): The PET flow-guiding cloth grafted with the transition layer is immersed in a 10% (w / w) trimethylamine aqueous solution, and 20% isopropanol and 0.5% potassium iodide are added as phase transfer catalysts. The reaction is heated at 60°C for 6 hours. Trimethylamine undergoes a ring-opening addition reaction with the epoxy groups on the polymer side chain, converting it in-situ into quaternary ammonium salt groups; (4) Post-processing and assembly: After thorough washing and vacuum drying, the modified PET flow guide cloth is used to assemble the RO filter element of Example 4.

[0105] Example 5 This embodiment provides a PES filter cartridge with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines the applicability of the grafting modification technology of the present invention on polyethersulfone (PES) membrane material, and its antibacterial effect as an independent filter cartridge in water purification system pretreatment or direct drinking water.

[0106] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Select commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) film as substrate, use deionized water and ethanol alternately to clean the surface impurities and air dry naturally; (2) Surface activation treatment (UV photoinitiator coating treatment): Prepare a 1% (w / w) benzophenone (BP) ethanol solution as a photoinitiator. Immerse the PES membrane in the solution for 2 minutes, remove it and evaporate the solvent in the dark to make a layer of photoinitiator molecules uniformly adhered to the surface of the membrane fibers; (3) Preparation of grafting solution: Take the quaternary ammonium salt monomer MAPTAC (methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride), dissolve it in water, prepare a grafting aqueous solution with a monomer concentration of 50% (wt), and purge with nitrogen for 30 minutes to remove oxygen; (4) Grafting reaction: The PES membrane fibers coated with initiator were completely immersed in the grafting solution. Under nitrogen protection, the system was uniformly irradiated with an ultraviolet light source with a main wavelength of 280-300 nm. After the surface photoinitiator absorbed the ultraviolet light, it generated free radicals, which initiated the polymerization and grafting of MAPTAC monomers on the surface of the PES membrane fibers. The ultraviolet irradiation reaction time was 10 minutes. (5) Post-treatment: Take out the modified PES membrane and use deionized water at 50°C to thoroughly ultrasonically clean it 3 times to wash away unreacted monomers and homopolymers, and then vacuum dry it at 50°C. (6) Filter assembly: The modified PES membrane is encapsulated with the central tube, end cap and shell to form the PES filter of Example 5.

[0107] Example 6 This embodiment provides a water-contact pipeline component with an inner wall antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines the application of the technology of the present invention in non-filtered water-contact structural components of polyolefin (PE) to solve the problem of microbial growth in stagnant water in the post-pipeline of the water purification system.

[0108] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Cut a 2-point PE (polyethylene) water purification pipe section commonly used in water purifiers, clean the inner wall and blow dry; (2) Surface activation treatment: Connect the PE tube to the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment equipment, introduce air / argon mixed gas (gas pressure about 80Pa) into the tube, turn on the plasma generator (power 200W), and perform glow discharge treatment on the inner wall of the PE tube for 2 minutes to generate oxygen-containing active groups on the inner wall. (3) Preparation of grafting solution: Take imidazole salt monomer 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, dissolve it in methanol / water (1:1), and prepare grafting solution with a concentration of 40 vol%. (4) Grafting reaction: The grafting solution is pumped into the surface-activated PE pipe and filled and sealed. The pipe section is placed in a water bath at 60°C for 5 hours to react at a constant temperature, so that the imidazole salt polymer is covalently grafted onto the inner wall of the PE pipe. (5) Post-treatment: After the reaction is completed, drain the grafting solution, rinse the inner wall of the pipeline with deionized water for 30 minutes, and dry it for later use to obtain the antibacterial PE water purification pipeline of Example 6.

[0109] Example 7 This embodiment provides a PP nonwoven fabric material with continuous antibacterial function and its preparation method. It mainly examines and verifies the antibacterial effect and feasibility of preparing modified parts using polyolefin (PP) as the base material and adopting the "synchronous activation grafting (co-irradiation grafting)" process.

[0110] Experimental methods: (1) Substrate pretreatment: Select clean PP non-woven fabric as the substrate, clean and dry it; (2) Grafting solution preparation: Dissolve the quaternary ammonium salt monomer DMC in deionized water to prepare a grafting solution with a concentration of 0.6 mol / L. Add 0.5 wt% of the ultraviolet photoinitiator BAPO (photoinitiator 819) to the grafting solution and stir until uniformly dispersed. (3) Synchronous activation of grafting reaction: The pretreated PP nonwoven fabric is completely immersed in the above grafting solution. Under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature, the PP nonwoven fabric immersed in the solution is irradiated on both sides using a UV lamp with a main wavelength of 365nm. The UV light penetrates the solution and excites active sites on the PP surface, and simultaneously initiates the chain polymerization reaction of DMC monomer on the surface. The irradiation reaction time is 25min. (4) Post-treatment: Take out the modified PP nonwoven fabric, rinse the surface with deionized water, and then wash with deionized water at room temperature for 15 minutes each time to remove homopolymer and unreacted monomers. Place it in a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ and dry to constant weight; (5) Filter assembly: The modified PP nonwoven fabric is used as a support layer and applied to the upper and lower support layers of the pre-folded PP or folded PES. Through the folding process and the connection of the end caps, antibacterial folded PP filter and antibacterial folded PES filter are respectively made.

[0111] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a conventional 400G PD-RO filter cartridge, which is manufactured using a standard membrane winding process. It uses a common central tube, concentrate grid, flow guide cloth, and DOW-RO membrane to form a 400G RO filter cartridge. This serves as a baseline control group to examine the bacterial growth and basic physicochemical leaching of conventional water purification devices without surface antibacterial modification in water after prolonged standing.

[0112] Experimental methods: Using commercially available PET flow guide cloth (without any surface chemical modification) and following the same conventional RO membrane element rolling process as in the example, a conventional RO filter element is assembled with a central tube, RO membrane, concentrate grid, outer shell and end cap to form a conventional RO filter cartridge.

[0113] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a water purification component that employs a conventional post-sterilization solution: it includes a conventional 400G PD-RO filter cartridge, which is manufactured using a standard membrane winding process, employing a common central tube, concentrate grid, flow guide cloth, and DOW-RO membrane sheet to form a 400G RO filter cartridge; and a commercially available 2L / min flow-through UV lamp. The aim is to examine whether the traditional "post-instantaneous dynamic sterilization unit" can solve the technical problem of excessive bacterial growth in stagnant water inside the RO filter cartridge.

[0114] Experimental methods: The same conventional unmodified RO filter cartridge as Comparative Example 1 was used, and a post-ultraviolet sterilization module (UV lamp) was added to the pipeline at the pure water output end of the filter cartridge.

[0115] To verify the practical application effect of the RO filter element with continuous antibacterial function prepared in this application, specific comparative tests were conducted on the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples on "bacterial count in pure water effluent lifetime" and "TOC content in pure water rinsing".

[0116] Test Example 1: Comparison Test of Bacterial Count in Pure Water Output 1. Test Method: Simulating the actual operating conditions of a water purifier, a usage cycle of "8 hours of flow (water production) - 16 hours of shutdown and settling" was adopted. At the points where the total accumulated water flow through the filter cartridge reached 0L (initial stage), 1000L, 2000L, 3000L, and 4000L, the first cup of purified water after settling was taken for a bacterial count (CFU / mL) test.

[0117] For Example 5 (PES filter element), it was directly connected to municipal tap water for a water flow-static circulation test; for Example 6 (antibacterial PE pipeline), it was connected in series to the outlet of a conventional reverse osmosis pure water system to simulate the water storage state of the pipeline for testing.

[0118] 2. Test Results: See Table 1 for detailed data. Table 1. Comparison of bacterial counts in purified water output from different schemes

[0119] 3. Results Analysis: As shown in Table 1, the test results indicate that Comparative Example 1 (conventional RO filter cartridge) experienced a bacterial explosion after 1000L of water flow, with the bacterial count reaching over 2700 CFU / mL in the later stages, posing a significant risk of secondary pollution from stagnant water. Although Comparative Example 2 used post-UV sterilization, it was an instantaneous sterilization process that could not address the source of growth inside the filter cartridge. As its service life increased (after 3000L), it faced a serious risk of bacterial penetration, with the final total bacterial count also reaching 2847 CFU / mL.

[0120] In contrast, Examples 1 and 2 of this application construct a high-density cationic contact antibacterial layer directly on the flow channel guide fabric, where bacteria are most likely to proliferate, through a covalent grafting method. Example 2 further introduces a cross-linked network structure. Throughout their long-lasting lifespan of up to 4000L, the total bacterial count in the purified water effluent after 16 hours of settling remained consistently at an extremely low level of ≤12 CFU / mL (with Example 2 showing almost zero bacteria throughout the entire test period), fully demonstrating that the RO filter cartridge of this invention can achieve a source-based, long-lasting, and continuous passive antibacterial effect.

[0121] Furthermore, the test results of Examples 3 and 4 show that regardless of whether PP substrate synchronous activation grafting is used or a two-step conversion process is employed, excellent long-lasting antibacterial rates can be achieved, which are essentially consistent with those of Examples 1 and 2. Meanwhile, Example 7 (PP nonwoven support layer of antibacterial pleated filter cartridge), prepared using UV light synchronous activation grafting, also maintained an extremely low total bacterial count in the effluent during the lifespan test, confirming the highly efficient antibacterial ability of this photo-initiated grafting system on porous nonwoven materials.

[0122] Data from Examples 5 and 6 show that the covalent grafting antibacterial technology of the present invention is not only perfectly applicable to the internal components of reverse osmosis systems, but can also be successfully applied to filter cartridges made of polyethersulfone and conventional PE water-contacting pipelines, achieving antibacterial protection of stagnant water in multiple scenarios of the whole water system.

[0123] It should be noted that, regarding Comparative Example 2, although UV light can effectively kill most bacteria flowing through the water while the machine is running, bacteria can easily grow in the dead corners inside the pipes and at the filter connections during the water purifier's resting and shutdown period, as the UV lamp is usually off. This directly contaminates the first cup of water. Furthermore, when the water flow is fast or the internal bacterial count becomes too high in the later stages of use, some bacteria may penetrate beyond the UV lamp's killing limit and enter the downstream pipes. During the subsequent resting period, these escaped bacteria will continue to multiply exponentially, ultimately leading to severely excessive bacteria levels in the effluent. This further highlights the technical advantages and necessity of the 'covalently grafted antibacterial layer' used in this invention, which enables comprehensive, all-weather, contact-based active sterilization.

[0124] Test Example 2: TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Dissolution Test During Pure Water Rinsing 1. Test Method: Initial leaching was investigated for newly prepared components. The filter media was rinsed with ultrapure water at a flow rate of 50 ml / min. A sample was taken every 50 mL of effluent (i.e., every 1 minute of effluent flow), for a total of 9 consecutive samples. The TOC content (mg / L) of the effluent samples at each stage was tested.

[0125] 2. Test Results: See Table 2 for detailed data. Table 2. Comparison of TOC content in pure water rinsing under different schemes

[0126] 3. Results Analysis: As shown in the table above, Comparative Example 1 (unmodified PET substrate) represents the background TOC level of the test environment (approximately 0.2~0.4 mg / L). The modified flow-guiding fabrics prepared in Examples 1 and 2 exhibited extremely low TOC elution (maximum only 0.9 mg / L) only during the initial 1~2 minute rinsing period, followed by a rapid decrease and stabilization of TOC within a very short time (from the 3rd~4th minute) to a very low value (≤0.4 mg / L), which is basically consistent with the background level of Comparative Example 1.

[0127] This result provides a very clear demonstration that this application uses chemical covalent bonding instead of the traditional physical addition of antibacterial agents. The antibacterial groups are firmly anchored to the material surface, and after a very short period of cleaning by free impurities, they exhibit excellent "zero leaching, non-release" safety characteristics throughout their service life. This not only completely eliminates the risk of secondary pollution from heavy metals or organic matter caused by the leaching of antibacterial agents, but also ensures the durability of the antibacterial layer against high-intensity water flow from a physical structure perspective.

[0128] Combining the TOC test results of Examples 5 and 6, it can be seen that: For the PES filter cartridge (Example 5) and the PE water-contact pipe (Example 6), during the initial 1-2 minutes of rinsing, the TOC leaching amount fluctuated only slightly due to the washing out of trace amounts of unbound residue; from the 3rd minute onwards, the TOC content in the effluent rapidly decreased and remained stable at an extremely low level of 0.2-0.3 mg / L, which is basically consistent with the background value of the unmodified material. This fully demonstrates that the covalent grafting process used in this invention also has extremely high bonding strength for polyethersulfone and polyolefin substrates. The modified antibacterial layer exhibits a "zero leaching, non-release" safety characteristic under continuous water flow, completely eliminating the risk of secondary organic pollution.

[0129] The test data in Example 7 further confirms that even on PP nonwoven fabric substrates with a large specific surface area, UV synchronous grafting by adding a photoinitiator also has extremely high bonding strength. After the slight fluctuation at the beginning of rinsing, it quickly drops to the background value, showing excellent zero dissolution characteristics.

[0130] Test Example 3: Basic Water Purification Performance Test of Filter Cartridge (Pure Water Flux and Desalination Rate) 1. Test objective: To verify whether the covalent grafting of antibacterial polymer layer onto the surface of the flow guide cloth or concentrate grid will block the internal micro water flow channels and thus affect the core water purification performance of the RO filter element, and to examine the synergistic effect of hydrophilic monomer copolymerization.

[0131] 2. Test Method: The RO filter cartridges prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 (conventional unmodified RO filter cartridge) were installed in a standard test membrane housing. Spiked water conforming to GB34914-2021 "Water Efficiency Limits and Water Efficiency Grades for Water Purifiers" was used as the raw water. After continuous operation for 1 hour under standard conditions of 25℃ and 100psi, the pure water production flow (L / h) and desalination rate (%) of each filter cartridge were measured.

[0132] 3. Test results: See Table 3 for specific data.

[0133] Table 3. Comparison of Basic Water Purification Performance of RO Filter Cartridges from Different Schemes

[0134] 4. Results Analysis: (1) As shown in Table 3, the pure water flux (563-577 GPD) of Examples 1-3 is basically the same as that of the unmodified Comparative Example 1 (579 GPD), and the desalination rate is maintained in a stable range of 95.16%-95.87%. This strongly proves that by controlling the grafting process, this application makes the polymer antibacterial layer at an extremely microscopic thickness level, without causing macroscopic blockage of the flow guide cloth / grid pores. While achieving 100% source sterilization, it retains the original water production efficiency and desalination accuracy of the RO filter element.

[0135] (2) Of particular note is that, in Example 4, the surface wettability of the modified flow-guiding fabric was greatly improved due to the introduction of HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), a hydrophilic monomer, into the transition layer for copolymerization. Combined with... Figure 3 The comparison diagram of the microscopic antifouling and drag reduction mechanism shown can further illustrate the reason for the increase in pure water flux: like Figure 3As shown in Part A, for conventional unmodified hydrophobic polymer surfaces, biological contaminants in the water (such as lipids) and the remains of dead bacteria killed by cationic surfaces are very likely to adhere to and accumulate on their surfaces. The deposition of such hydrophobic contaminants will continuously encroach on the originally tiny flow-guiding mesh space, resulting in a significant increase in water flow resistance.

[0136] On the contrary, such as Figure 3 As shown in Part B of the diagram, the hydrophilic groups introduced into the polymer layer in Embodiment 4 of the present invention can strongly attract surrounding water molecules on its surface, thereby spontaneously forming a dense "hydration layer" on the surface of the water-contacting component. This highly fluid hydration layer effectively blocks the adhesion and deposition of hydrophobic contaminants and bacterial debris in physical space, making it difficult for various contaminants to contact the substrate surface and allowing them to be smoothly washed away by the water flow.

[0137] It is precisely due to the construction of this "hydration layer" that the surface frictional resistance of pure water flowing between the flow guide mesh is significantly reduced. Therefore, the test results show that Example 4 not only has no impact on the desalination rate, but its pure water flux has also increased to 686 GPD, which is a significant increase of about 18.48% compared to the conventional comparative example 1. This fully demonstrates the great progress brought about by the synergistic effect of the hydrophilic structural unit and the antibacterial group, which can not only provide long-term antifouling and sterilization, but also achieve a positive increase in the water flux of the filter element.

[0138] Furthermore, a pure water flux test was conducted on the PES filter element of Example 5. Its initial water flux showed no significant decrease compared to the unmodified PES filter element of the same specification. Moreover, due to the excellent hydrophilicity of the surface cationic modification layer, its anti-fouling cycle was increased by approximately 20% (not listed in the table). This further demonstrates that the covalent grafting modification process imparts antibacterial function to the filter element without sacrificing the original porosity and permeability of the filter membrane.

[0139] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-contact polymer component, characterized in that, The substrate surface of the water-contact polymer component is covalently grafted with an antibacterial polymer layer; The antibacterial polymer layer contains antibacterial functional groups selected from quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups.

2. The water-contact polymer component as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate material includes at least one of polyester, polyolefin, polystyrene, and polyethersulfone; and / or, The quaternary ammonium salt group is formed by the reaction of a quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer; the quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; and / or, The imidazole salt group is formed by the reaction of an imidazole salt polymerizable monomer; the imidazole salt polymerizable monomer is selected from at least one of 1,3-diallylimidazolium salt, 1-octyl-3-(2-(vinyl ether)ethyl)imidazolium chloride, 1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide, 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, and 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; and / or The antibacterial polymer layer further comprises structural units formed by copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers; and / or, The antibacterial functional group further includes an auxiliary antibacterial group selected from guanidine salt groups and / or pyridinium salt groups; and / or, The water-contaminated polymer components include a mesh woven fabric, a non-woven support layer, a concentrated water grid, end caps, a central tube, or a water-contaminated pipeline.

3. The water-contact polymer component as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The antibacterial polymer layer has a cross-linked network structure; the cross-linked network structure is formed by polymerization with the participation of a cross-linking agent. Preferably, the crosslinking agent comprises N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

4. A method for preparing a water-contact polymer component as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: First, the substrate surface is activated to generate active sites on the substrate surface. Then, the surface-activated substrate is contacted with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers and a polymerization reaction is carried out to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the substrate surface. or, The substrate is brought into contact with a reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers, and the substrate is activated to generate active sites on the surface of the substrate and simultaneously initiate a polymerization reaction, so as to covalently graft an antibacterial polymer layer onto the surface of the substrate. The antibacterial polymer layer is a polymer layer containing quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups.

5. The method for preparing the water-contact polymer component as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a grafting solution containing polymerizable antibacterial monomers; through the polymerization reaction, the antibacterial polymer layer is directly covalently grafted onto the surface of the substrate. The polymerizable antibacterial monomer is selected from quaternary ammonium salt polymerizable monomers and / or imidazole salt polymerizable monomers; Preferably, the concentration of the polymerizable antibacterial monomer in the grafting solution is 0.1 mol / L to 3.0 mol / L; and / or, the solvent in the grafting solution is water or an alcohol-water mixture.

6. The method for preparing the water-contact polymer component as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reaction solution containing polymerizable monomers is a reaction solution containing reactive monomers; through the polymerization reaction, a transition polymer layer containing reactive groups is first covalently grafted onto the surface of the substrate; the reactive groups are selected from one or more of epoxy groups, haloalkyl groups, or hydroxyl groups; The substrate grafted with the transition polymer layer is reacted with a tertiary amine and / or imidazole compound to convert the reactive groups into the quaternary ammonium salt groups and / or imidazole salt groups, thereby generating the antibacterial polymer layer.

7. The method for preparing the water-contact polymer component as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The activation treatment method includes at least one of: low-temperature plasma treatment, ultraviolet photoinitiator coating treatment, chemical oxidation treatment, irradiation treatment, and corona treatment; and / or, The polymerization reaction is initiated by any one of the following methods: thermal initiation, ultraviolet light initiation, plasma initiation, and high-energy ray initiation; and / or, The polymerization reaction temperature is 30℃~80℃; and / or, The polymerization reaction takes 1 hour to 12 hours; and / or, The polymerization reaction is carried out under a nitrogen protective atmosphere; and / or, After the polymerization reaction is completed, the process further includes cleaning the substrate with the covalently grafted antibacterial polymer layer and performing vacuum drying at 50°C to 80°C.

8. The method for preparing the water-contact polymer component as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The processing gas for the low-temperature plasma treatment is selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and air; and / or, The processing power of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 50W~500W; and / or, The processing time for the low-temperature plasma treatment is 30 seconds to 10 minutes; and / or, The gas pressure for the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 Pa to 100 Pa.

9. A water purification treatment component, characterized in that, Includes water-contact structural components and / or filter media; the water-contact structural components and / or the filter media employ water-contact polymer components as described in any one of claims 1-3, or employ water-contact polymer components prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 4-8; Preferably, the water purification assembly includes at least one of a reverse osmosis filter cartridge, a carbon rod filter cartridge, an ultrafiltration filter cartridge, a microfiltration filter cartridge, and a water purification pipeline assembly; More preferably, when the water purification assembly includes a reverse osmosis filter element, the reverse osmosis filter element includes a central tube, an RO membrane, a concentrate grid, a flow guide cloth, a housing, and an end cap; at least one of the central tube, the nonwoven support layer of the RO membrane, the concentrate grid, the flow guide cloth, the housing, and the end cap uses the water-contaminated polymer component.

10. A water purification system, characterized in that, The water purification system includes the water purification treatment components as described in claim 9.

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