Railway circuit compensation capacitor, manufacturing method and railway circuit

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of track circuit technology, specifically relating to a track circuit compensation capacitor, its manufacturing method, and a track circuit. The two ends of the compensation capacitor are respectively connected to the two rails of the track, and the compensation capacitor is a series-connected dual-core capacitor. The series-connected dual-core design of the track circuit compensation capacitor in this invention improves the voltage withstand performance of the compensation capacitor and effectively reduces the probability of a short-circuit fault in the overall compensation capacitor, thereby improving the reliability of the track circuit system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of track circuit technology, specifically relating to a track circuit compensation capacitor, its manufacturing method, and the track circuit itself. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Railway signaling compensation capacitors (i.e., track circuit compensation capacitors) are used to compensate for rail inductance, improve the signal-to-interference ratio and transmission length of the track circuit, enable the detection of rail breaks, and increase the short-circuit current of the locomotive signal at the track circuit entrance.

[0004] The working principle of the compensation capacitor is to treat each compensation section of rail L and capacitor C as a "series resonance", such as... Figure 1 As shown, a resistive load R is obtained at the entrance (A, A') of the compensation section, and a higher output level is obtained at the exit (C, C'). When the track bed resistance changes from its lowest value to infinity, the characteristic impedance of the track circuit changes little, and the output level is relatively stable. When the compensation capacitor fails, it will cause a drop in the received voltage of the track circuit receiver. When multiple compensation capacitors fail simultaneously in the same section, the corresponding track relay in that section may fall, resulting in a "red light band" fault, affecting transportation efficiency.

[0005] Existing railway signal compensation capacitors have a single-core internal structure. During field use, the failure rate gradually increases with service time. Common failure modes include capacitance degradation, changes in appearance, and broken lead wires. The failure mechanisms mainly fall into three categories: open circuit, short circuit, and poor contact. Because existing compensation capacitors are single-core, a short circuit directly causes a short circuit "red light band" on the track, affecting frequency shift signal transmission. Furthermore, capacitor failures are difficult to locate, resulting in a long-lasting and wide-ranging impact. When a capacitor becomes open-circuited at a point in the track section, it effectively loses its compensation function, causing a decrease in received voltage. However, a single open circuit in a capacitor does not cause a "red light band." Poor contact in the track circuit causes received voltage fluctuations, but also does not cause a "red light band." Therefore, short circuits have a greater impact on the track circuit than open circuits or poor contact. Thus, it is necessary to develop a compensation capacitor that reduces the probability of internal short circuits and minimizes its impact on the track circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a track circuit compensation capacitor, a manufacturing method, and a track circuit. The track circuit compensation capacitor is a series-connected dual-core capacitor, which improves the voltage withstand performance of the compensation capacitor and effectively reduces the probability of short-circuit failure of the compensation capacitor as a whole, thereby improving the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a track circuit compensation capacitor, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the two rails of the track, and the compensation capacitor is a series-connected dual-core capacitor.

[0008] Furthermore,

[0009] The compensation capacitor includes a first core and a second core;

[0010] The first core and the second core are connected in series, and a lead wire is connected to both the side of the first core away from the second core and the side of the second core away from the first core.

[0011] Furthermore,

[0012] The first core and the second core are connected in series by copper foil welding;

[0013] A gold plating layer is provided on one end face of the first core and the second core, and the gold plating layer is connected to one end of the lead wire by soldering.

[0014] Furthermore,

[0015] The other end of the lead wire is equipped with a plug head or a copper terminal, and the lead wire is connected to the rail of the track through the plug head or the copper terminal.

[0016] Furthermore,

[0017] It also includes a metal casing;

[0018] The metal shell contains the first core and the second core.

[0019] Furthermore,

[0020] It also includes plastic casings;

[0021] The metal shell is encased in the plastic shell.

[0022] The spaces between the first core and the second core and the metal shell, and between the metal shell and the plastic shell, are filled with epoxy resin potting.

[0023] Furthermore,

[0024] It also includes a monitoring module for monitoring the state of the compensation capacitor;

[0025] The monitoring module is located outside the compensation capacitor;

[0026] The monitoring module includes a current sensor and a data acquisition and processing unit;

[0027] The current sensor is used to monitor the current flowing through the compensation capacitor;

[0028] The acquisition and processing unit is used to process and analyze the current signal monitored by the current sensor and provide location warnings and alarm information.

[0029] Furthermore,

[0030] The compensation capacitor has a unique device address;

[0031] The data acquisition and processing unit includes a data acquisition submodule, a communication submodule, an external server, and a track circuit diagnostic system.

[0032] The acquisition submodule is used to acquire the detection data of the current sensor and send the detection data to the external server through the communication submodule;

[0033] The external server processes the detection data and then uploads it to the track circuit diagnostic system.

[0034] The track circuit diagnostic system analyzes the uploaded data and provides location warnings and alarm information based on the device address of the compensation capacitor.

[0035] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a track circuit compensation capacitor with a dual-core series structure, the method comprising:

[0036] Core winding: The metallized dielectric film is wound into shape using a winding device to form a capacitor core;

[0037] Core gold plating: A metal layer is sprayed onto the two end faces of the capacitor core to serve as the capacitor's lead-out electrodes;

[0038] Core heat setting: The capacitor core after gold plating is subjected to heat setting treatment;

[0039] Single-core testing: Individual capacitor cores are tested and screened. Test parameters include capacitance, loss tangent (tanδ), and withstand voltage.

[0040] Dual-core series welding: For single-core capacitors that have passed the test, copper foil welding is used to connect the two capacitor cores in series;

[0041] Dual-core testing: The series-connected dual-core chips are tested and screened. The test indicators include capacitance, loss tangent tanδ and withstand voltage.

[0042] Lead wire welding: For the tested and qualified double core, weld the lead wires to the end faces on both sides of the double core;

[0043] Terminal crimping: Using crimping equipment, a plug head or copper terminal is crimped onto the end of the lead wire away from the two cores;

[0044] Rubber coating and vulcanization: The connection between the plug head or copper terminal and the lead wire is wrapped with a rubber sleeve and then vulcanized.

[0045] Assembly and potting: The dual cores are installed into the housing and epoxy potting compound is poured in for curing and protection.

[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a track circuit, the track circuit including a track circuit compensation capacitor, the track circuit compensation capacitor being the track circuit compensation capacitor as described above, or the track circuit compensation capacitor being manufactured using the manufacturing method described above.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] 1. Structural innovation: The addition of a core in series forms a dual-core series compensation capacitor, which effectively improves the voltage withstand performance of the compensation capacitor, greatly reduces the probability of short circuit failure of the compensation capacitor as a whole, and improves the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0049] 2. The two capacitor cores are connected in series by copper foil welding, which is convenient to construct, reliable in connection, and can well meet the quality requirements of dual-core series connection;

[0050] 3. The track circuit compensation capacitor also includes a monitoring module for monitoring the status of the compensation capacitor. By adding a monitoring module, the status of the compensation capacitor can be monitored well, and capacitor faults can be detected and located in a timely manner. This facilitates guidance for on-site personnel to handle faults in a timely manner, and can further prevent the occurrence of overall short circuits of the compensation capacitor, thereby improving the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0051] 4. The manufacturing method of the track circuit compensation capacitor with a dual-core series structure has a reasonable process design, is easy to construct and has high manufacturing efficiency, and can well meet the production and quality requirements of track circuit compensation capacitors.

[0052] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0053] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a compensation capacitor in the prior art.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a compensation capacitor with a dual-core series structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the working principle of the compensation capacitor.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of simulation analysis of a single-core short circuit in a compensation capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the copper foil welding structure between two cores in a compensation capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a compensation capacitor monitoring module and its working principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The markings in the diagram are: 1-compensation capacitor, 2-plug head, 3-lead wire, 4-plastic shell, 5-first core, 6-second core, 7-epoxy resin, 8-metal shell, 9-lead wire, 10-solder, 11-copper foil, 12-acquisition section, 13-transmission cable, 14-current sensor, 15-server, 16-diagnostic system. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0063] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a track circuit compensation capacitor 1, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the two rails of the track, and the compensation capacitor 1 is a series-connected dual-core capacitor.

[0064] In the above technical solution, the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 is a series dual-core capacitor, that is, a dual-core series structure is adopted, which improves the voltage withstand performance of the compensation capacitor 1 and effectively reduces the probability of short circuit failure of the compensation capacitor 1 as a whole, thereby improving the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0065] In this embodiment, the dual-core series structure includes two capacitor cores connected in series. The capacitor cores are film capacitors. For film capacitors, generally, the larger the capacitance value, the larger the core size. When multiple cores are connected in series (1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + ... + 1 / Cn), the total capacitance value will be smaller than the capacitance value of a single core. Therefore, to obtain a compensation capacitor 1 with a certain capacitance value, two or more cores with larger capacitance values ​​(and larger sizes) need to be connected in series, which increases the overall volume of the compensation capacitor 1, the amount of raw materials used, the process cost, and the on-site installation space. Therefore, considering the production process and on-site installation requirements, the compensation capacitor 1 preferably adopts a structure with two cores connected in series, i.e., a dual-core series structure.

[0066] This invention provides a compensation capacitor 1 with a dual-core series structure, that is, the compensation capacitor 1 has two capacitor cores C1 and C2 (C1' and C2') connected in series inside, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0067] When the two cores C1 and C2 inside compensation capacitor 1 are connected in series, the capacitance decreases, but the withstand voltage increases. When a lightning surge or large traction current occurs, the probability of compensation capacitor 1 breaking down and short-circuiting is reduced because the series-connected cores have higher withstand voltages. Assuming one core short-circuits, the other core continues to operate. Through simulation analysis (e.g.... Figure 4 When a single core of the compensation capacitor 1 is short-circuited while the other core is working normally, it will only cause a decrease in the voltage received by the track circuit and will not cause the "red light band".

[0068] Figure 4 In the example, the carrier frequency is 1700Hz, the section length is 971m, the track bed resistance is 1Ω·km, the number of compensation capacitors is 16, and the capacitance value of the compensation capacitors is 25μF (i.e., the nominal capacitance value of the capacitor is 25μF). When compensation capacitor 1 adopts a dual-core series structure, the nominal capacitance value of both cores is 50μF. When one core is short-circuited, the capacitance value of compensation capacitor 1 rises to 50μF, the compensation effect weakens, the overall transmission channel becomes inductively biased, the frequency-shifted signal experiences a certain degree of attenuation on the rail, the receiving voltage decreases but remains above the track relay pick-up threshold, and the track circuit can operate normally. Therefore, the dual-core series structure of compensation capacitor 1 can improve the withstand voltage performance, reduce the failure rate of the track circuit system, and improve system reliability.

[0069] Furthermore, the compensation capacitor 1 includes two capacitor cores, namely a first core 5 and a second core 6. The first core 5 and the second core 6 are connected in series. A lead wire 3 is connected to both the side of the first core 5 away from the second core 6 and the side of the second core 6 away from the first core 5. The first core 5 and the second core 6 can be connected by internal leads 9 (one or more), or by electrode plates. The compensation capacitor formed by the two capacitor cores connected in series is used to compensate for the rail inductance, so that the track circuit characteristics are purely resistive, ensuring stable transmission of frequency shift signals. The internal structure of the compensation capacitor 1 is a series connection of two cores. The lead wire 3 at each end of the compensation capacitor 1 facilitates connecting the two ends of the compensation capacitor 1 to the two rails of the track.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first core 5 and the second core 6 are connected in series by copper foil welding; a gold plating layer is provided on one end face of the first core 5 and the second core 6, and the gold plating layer is connected to one end of the lead wire 3 by welding. In this embodiment, the two cores are connected by internal leads 9, and in specific implementation, copper foil welding is directly used to achieve series connection; after the metal layer (i.e., gold plating layer) is sprayed on the end face of the capacitor core, the lead wire 3 is welded to connect the lead wire 3 to the capacitor core.

[0071] In some embodiments, the end of the lead wire 3 furthest from the capacitor core is equipped with a plug head 2 or a copper terminal, and the lead wire 3 is connected to the rail of the track via the plug head 2 or the copper terminal. In this embodiment, the plug head 2 or the copper terminal and the lead wire 3 are connected by crimping, and the function of the plug head 2 or the copper terminal is to connect the compensation capacitor 1 to the rail. The example in the figure of this embodiment shows a plug head 2 installed at one end of the capacitor core.

[0072] In some embodiments, the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 further includes a metal shell 8 and a plastic shell 4. The metal shell 8 houses the first core 5 and the second core 6, and the metal shell 8 is externally encapsulated by the plastic shell 4. Epoxy resin 7 is used to encapsulate the spaces between the first core 5 and the second core 6 and the metal shell 8, and between the metal shell 8 and the plastic shell 4. In this embodiment, the dual cores are externally encapsulated by the metal shell 8 and the plastic shell 4. Epoxy resin 7 is used to encapsulate the gaps between the cores and the metal shell 8, and between the plastic shell 4 and the metal shell 8, to achieve a sealed and protected environment for the compensation capacitor 1.

[0073] The working principle of the compensation capacitor 1 with the dual-core series structure in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3As shown, when a short circuit occurs in core C1 of compensation capacitor 1 due to lightning surges, high traction currents, or other reasons, core C2 can still function normally. The overall capacitance increases, weakening the compensation effect, causing the rail to become inductive, resulting in a certain degree of attenuation of the frequency-shifted signal on the rail and a decrease in the receiving voltage. Simulation analysis shows that even when a single capacitor core is short-circuited and its capacitance increases, the receiving voltage remains above the track relay's pick-up threshold, allowing the track circuit to function normally. Therefore, the advantage of the dual-core compensation capacitor 1 over the single-core compensation capacitor lies in its improved overall voltage withstand capability, reducing the probability of internal short-circuit faults and enhancing the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0074] In this embodiment, the capacitor core uses a thin-film capacitor. While increasing the sheet resistance of the metallized film or increasing the thickness of the dielectric film can improve the capacitor's withstand voltage, the improvement is not as significant as with two capacitors connected in series. When two capacitors are connected in series, the overall withstand voltage is the sum of the withstand voltages of both capacitors.

[0075] As described above, in this embodiment, the track circuit compensation capacitor 1, which uses two cores connected in series, can still function even if one core experiences a short circuit. The entire compensation capacitor will continue to operate, although the voltage at the track circuit receiving end will decrease, but it will not drop below a threshold, allowing the track circuit system to continue functioning normally. Therefore, in practice, compensation capacitor 1 is generally used continuously. However, even with continued use of compensation capacitor 1, the possibility of the other core short-circuiting cannot be ruled out. If both cores short-circuit, i.e., compensation capacitor 1 is short-circuited as a whole, it is equivalent to a train shunting, causing a "red light" in the track circuit, resulting in the train stopping and the fault being redirected to the safe side.

[0076] To further prevent overall short circuits in the compensation capacitor 1, this embodiment of the invention further includes a monitoring module for monitoring the status of the compensation capacitor 1. By adding this monitoring module, the status of the compensation capacitor 1 can be effectively monitored, enabling timely detection and location of capacitor faults, facilitating timely troubleshooting by on-site personnel. The monitoring module is located outside the compensation capacitor 1 and includes a current sensor 14 and a data acquisition and processing unit. The current sensor 14 monitors the current flowing through the compensation capacitor 1, and the data acquisition and processing unit processes and analyzes the current signal monitored by the current sensor 14 and provides location warnings and alarm information. In this embodiment, the monitoring module consists of a current sensor 14 and a data acquisition and processing unit. The current sensor 14 is essentially an induction coil that senses changes in the current on the lead wire 3 of the compensation capacitor 1 through electromagnetic induction. Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the acquisition and processing unit includes an acquisition section 12. The current sensor 14 is connected to the acquisition section 12 via a transmission cable 13 (in this embodiment, the acquisition section 12 includes an acquisition submodule and a communication submodule, as well as a power supply module). The current sensor 14 is sleeved on the lead wire 3 of the compensation capacitor 1 to monitor the current flowing through the capacitor in real time. When one of the cores is short-circuited, the current curve will change, thereby timely detecting the deterioration of the state of the compensation capacitor 1.

[0077] Furthermore, the compensation capacitor 1 has a unique device address. The data acquisition and processing unit includes a data acquisition submodule, a communication submodule, an external server 15, and a track circuit diagnostic system 16. The data acquisition submodule is used to acquire the detection data of the current sensor 14, and sends the detection data to the external server 15 through the communication submodule. The external server 15 processes the detection data and uploads it to the track circuit diagnostic system 16. The track circuit diagnostic system 16 analyzes the uploaded data and provides location warnings and alarm information based on the device address of the compensation capacitor 1. In the track circuit system, each compensation capacitor 1 corresponds to a unique device address. After capacitor deterioration, fault location is performed based on the device address, and location warnings and alarm information are provided. In this embodiment, the data acquisition submodule is used to acquire the current detected by the current sensor 14 to realize the current acquisition function; the communication submodule consists of an IoT chip and an antenna to realize the data transmission function; the power supply module consists of a power supply board and a battery to realize the power supply function for the entire acquisition part 12. Figure 6 As shown, in specific implementation, the collected data is sent to an external server 15 via a base station. In this embodiment, the external server 15 is a Data Transfer Unit (DTU). The server 15 processes the data and uploads it to the track circuit diagnostic system 16. The diagnostic system 16 can analyze the uploaded data and provide early warnings, alarms, etc., to guide on-site personnel to handle faults in a timely manner. The monitoring module and the monitoring of the status of the compensation capacitor 1 can be further referred to CN110988585A (Online Diagnostic Device and Method for Compensation Capacitor Faults Based on the Internet of Things) or existing technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0078] In summary, the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 with a dual-core series structure not only improves the voltage withstand performance of the compensation capacitor 1, effectively reducing the probability of a short circuit failure of the entire compensation capacitor 1, but also plays a certain buffering role, facilitating timely replacement of the dual-core series compensation capacitor 1 with a short circuit in one core, and further effectively preventing the occurrence of a short circuit of the entire compensation capacitor 1, thereby improving the reliability of the track circuit system.

[0079] This embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a track circuit compensation capacitor 1 with a dual-core series structure. A preferred process flow is as follows: core winding - core gold spraying - core heat setting - single core testing - dual-core series welding - dual core testing - lead wire welding - terminal crimping - encapsulation and vulcanization - assembly and potting.

[0080] The manufacturing method specifically includes:

[0081] Core winding: The metallized dielectric film is wound into shape by a winding device to form the capacitor core; in this embodiment, the capacitor core is a thin film capacitor, which is formed by winding the metallized dielectric film by a winding device.

[0082] Core gold spraying: A metal layer is sprayed onto the two end faces of the capacitor core as the lead-out electrodes of the capacitor; in this embodiment, the capacitor core is cylindrical, and the gold spraying process is to spray a metal layer, usually zinc or zinc-tin alloy, onto the two end faces of the cylindrical core as the lead-out electrodes of the capacitor.

[0083] Core heat setting: The capacitor core after gold plating is subjected to heat setting treatment; in this embodiment, the capacitor core is placed in a temperature test chamber and heat-treated at a certain temperature.

[0084] Single-core testing: Individual capacitor cores are tested and screened. Test parameters include capacitance, loss tangent (tanδ), and withstand voltage. This step is a core screening test to remove unqualified cores.

[0085] Dual-core series welding: For single-core capacitors that have passed the test, the two capacitor cores are connected in series using copper foil welding. This step is unique to the fabrication of the dual-core series compensation capacitor 1. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use copper foil 11 to connect the two capacitor cores in series, that is, to bond the copper foil to the gold-plated layer on the end face of the core using solder 10. Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment welds two leads 9 (i.e., two copper foils 11). In actual implementation, one or more leads 9 can be welded according to the manufacturing requirements. Using copper foil welding to connect the two capacitor cores in series is convenient to construct, reliable in connection, and can well meet the quality requirements of dual-core series connection.

[0086] Dual-core testing: The series-connected dual-cores are tested and screened. The test indicators include capacitance, loss tangent tan δ, and withstand voltage. This step is to screen and test the series-connected dual-cores and remove unqualified dual-cores.

[0087] Lead wire 3 welding: For the tested and qualified dual-core capacitor, lead wire 3 is welded to the end face on both sides of the dual-core capacitor; in this embodiment, the end face of the two capacitor cores on both sides of the dual-core capacitor is connected to one end of lead wire 3 with solder 10.

[0088] Terminal crimping: Using a crimping device, a plug head 2 or a copper terminal is crimped onto the end of the lead wire 3 away from the dual core; in this embodiment, the plug head 2 or the copper terminal is crimped together with the other end of the lead wire 3 using a crimping device.

[0089] Rubber coating and vulcanization: The connection between the plug head 2 or copper terminal and the lead wire 3 is wrapped with a rubber sleeve and then vulcanized; In this embodiment, the connection between the plug head 2 or copper terminal and the lead wire 3 is wrapped with a rubber sleeve and vulcanized to improve the sealing and waterproof performance of the connection.

[0090] Assembly and potting: The dual-core capacitor is installed into the housing and epoxy potting compound is poured in for curing and protection. After completing the aforementioned steps, in this embodiment, the dual-core capacitor is placed into the housing (including the metal housing 8 and the plastic housing 4) and epoxy potting compound (i.e., epoxy resin 7) is poured in. After curing, the epoxy potting compound provides a sealing and protective function for the capacitor.

[0091] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a track circuit, the track circuit including a track circuit compensation capacitor 1, the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 being the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 as described above, or the track circuit compensation capacitor 1 being manufactured using the manufacturing method described above.

[0092] The parts not covered in this embodiment are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies, and will not be further described here.

[0093] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A track circuit compensation capacitor, wherein the two ends of the compensation capacitor are respectively connected to the two rails of the track, characterized in that, The compensation capacitor is a dual-core capacitor connected in series.

2. The track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation capacitor includes a first core and a second core; The first core and the second core are connected in series, and a lead wire is connected to both the side of the first core away from the second core and the side of the second core away from the first core.

3. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first core and the second core are connected in series by copper foil welding; A gold plating layer is provided on one end face of the first core and the second core, and the gold plating layer is connected to one end of the lead wire by soldering.

4. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The other end of the lead wire is equipped with a plug head or a copper terminal, and the lead wire is connected to the rail of the track through the plug head or the copper terminal.

5. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a metal casing; The metal shell contains the first core and the second core.

6. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes plastic casings; The metal shell is encased in the plastic shell. The spaces between the first core and the second core and the metal shell, and between the metal shell and the plastic shell, are filled with epoxy resin potting.

7. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a monitoring module for monitoring the state of the compensation capacitor; The monitoring module is located outside the compensation capacitor; The monitoring module includes a current sensor and a data acquisition and processing unit; The current sensor is used to monitor the current flowing through the compensation capacitor; The acquisition and processing unit is used to process and analyze the current signal monitored by the current sensor and provide location warnings and alarm information.

8. A track circuit compensation capacitor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The compensation capacitor has a unique device address; The data acquisition and processing unit includes a data acquisition submodule, a communication submodule, an external server, and a track circuit diagnostic system. The acquisition submodule is used to acquire the detection data of the current sensor and send the detection data to the external server through the communication submodule; The external server processes the detection data and then uploads it to the track circuit diagnostic system. The track circuit diagnostic system analyzes the uploaded data and provides location warnings and alarm information based on the device address of the compensation capacitor.

9. A method of manufacturing a compensation capacitor for a track circuit of a double-core sub-series connection structure, characterized by, The method includes: Core winding: The metallized dielectric film is wound into shape using a winding device to form a capacitor core; Core gold plating: A metal layer is sprayed onto the two end faces of the capacitor core to serve as the capacitor's lead-out electrodes; Core heat setting: The capacitor core after gold plating is subjected to heat setting treatment; Single-core testing: Individual capacitor cores are tested and screened. Test parameters include capacitance, loss tangent (tanδ), and withstand voltage. Dual-core series welding: For single-core capacitors that have passed the test, copper foil welding is used to connect the two capacitor cores in series; Dual-core testing: The series-connected dual-core chips are tested and screened. The test indicators include capacitance, loss tangent tanδ and withstand voltage. Lead wire welding: For the tested and qualified double core, weld the lead wires to the end faces on both sides of the double core; Terminal crimping: Using crimping equipment, a plug head or copper terminal is crimped onto the end of the lead wire away from the two cores; Rubber coating and vulcanization: The connection between the plug head or copper terminal and the lead wire is wrapped with a rubber sleeve and then vulcanized. Assembly and potting: The dual cores are installed into the housing and epoxy potting compound is poured in for curing and protection.

10. A track circuit, characterized in that The track circuit includes a track circuit compensation capacitor, which is a track circuit compensation capacitor as described in any one of claims 1-8, or the track circuit compensation capacitor is manufactured using the manufacturing method described in claim 9.

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