Solar cell module and method of manufacturing the same, photovoltaic device, power consuming device, and power generating device

Abstract

The application relates to a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic device, a power utilization device and a power generation device. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged at two ends of a light conversion module along a direction intersecting with a thickness direction, so that when the solar cell module is irradiated along the thickness direction, light can directly irradiate on the light conversion module without being affected by the shielding of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby improving the effective irradiation of the solar cell module and being beneficial to improving the light conversion efficiency of the module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to solar cell modules and their preparation methods, photovoltaic equipment, electrical appliances and power generation devices. Background Technology

[0002] A solar cell module is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect, used for storing electrical energy or outputting electrical energy. Traditional solar cell modules have a metal electrode at one end and a transparent oxide electrode at the other, serving as the light-receiving side to ensure effective illumination. However, this structural design inevitably reduces light transmittance, thus lowering the module's light conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solar cell module and its preparation method, photovoltaic equipment, electrical device and power generation device, which are beneficial to improving the light transmittance, light reception rate of the module and light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a solar cell module, which includes: a substrate; a cell unit including a light conversion component, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, wherein the light conversion component is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate along its own thickness direction, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion component along a first direction; wherein the first direction intersects with the thickness direction of the substrate.

[0005] The aforementioned solar cell module has the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion module along the direction intersecting with the thickness direction. This allows the light to directly illuminate the light conversion module when the solar cell module is exposed to light along the thickness direction, without being blocked by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. This improves the effective illumination of the solar cell module and helps to enhance the light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0006] In some embodiments, the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer, a first transmission layer, and a second transmission layer. The light-absorbing layer is disposed on the surface of a substrate. The first and second transmission layers are respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer along a first direction. A first electrode layer is disposed on the side of the first transmission layer facing away from the light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer facing away from the light-absorbing layer. This design, with the first and second transmission layers respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer along the first direction, improves charge transport performance, thereby further enhancing the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0007] In some embodiments, the solar cell module includes multiple cell units, at least some of which are sequentially distributed along a first direction, and there is a space between adjacent light-absorbing layers. This design, by providing a space between adjacent light-absorbing layers, facilitates the placement of a first or second transmission layer at one end of the light-absorbing layer, improving fabrication efficiency. Simultaneously, the sequential distribution of multiple cell units along the first direction allows for convenient series or parallel connection as needed.

[0008] In some embodiments, in two adjacent light-absorbing layers, the sides of each light-absorbing layer facing each other respectively include mounting surfaces for mounting a first transmission layer or a second transmission layer, and an accommodating space is formed between two adjacent mounting surfaces. This design introduces mounting surfaces to enclose and form an accommodating space, facilitating the formation of the first and second transmission layers on the corresponding mounting surfaces.

[0009] In some embodiments, the spacing between two adjacent mounting surfaces along the first direction gradually increases from near the substrate to far away from the substrate. This design increases the size of the accommodating space along the first direction as it moves further away from the substrate, facilitating the formation of a first or second transmission layer at one end of the light-absorbing layer and improving fabrication efficiency.

[0010] In some embodiments, the dimension between two adjacent mounting surfaces along a first direction remains constant from the direction closer to the substrate to the direction farther from the substrate; or it gradually decreases. This design keeps the spacing between two adjacent mounting surfaces constant or gradually decreases to allow the first and second transmission layers to be formed on their respective mounting surfaces.

[0011] In some embodiments, the distance between the two adjacent mounting surfaces near the ends of the substrate along the first direction is denoted as h1, where 0μm≤h1≤5μm. This design controls the distance h1 between 0μm and 5μm, ensuring that the light-absorbing layers have reasonable gaps. While ensuring that the first or second transmission layer is disposed on the end face of the light-absorbing layer, the gaps between the light-absorbing layers are minimized, thereby improving space utilization.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mounting surface is inclined relative to the thickness direction of the substrate, and the end of the mounting surface away from the substrate is tilted relative to the end of the mounting surface near the substrate, on a side away from or towards the receiving space. This design, which makes the mounting surface inclined, increases the bonding area between the mounting surface and the first or second transport layer, facilitating the deposition and formation of the first or second transport layer on the end face of the light-absorbing layer, thereby improving the fabrication efficiency of the solar cell module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the angle between the mounting surface and the thickness direction of the substrate is denoted as θ, where 30°≤θ≤80°. This design controls the angle between the mounting surface and the thickness direction to be between 30° and 80°, allowing the first or second transmission layer to be better fabricated on the light-absorbing layer, thus improving the fabrication effect and structural stability.

[0014] In some embodiments, the angle between the mounting surface and the thickness direction of the substrate is denoted as θ, where 90°≤θ≤120°. This design controls the angle between the mounting surface and the thickness direction to be between 90° and 120° to facilitate the formation of the first or second transmission layer on the light-absorbing layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the accommodating space extends along the thickness direction of the substrate to the surface of the substrate. This design, extending the accommodating space to the surface of the substrate, facilitates the formation of the first or second transport layer on the light-absorbing layer side, thereby improving fabrication efficiency.

[0016] In some embodiments, the solar cell module includes a plurality of housing spaces, at least some of which are spaced apart along a first direction. One of two adjacent housing spaces contains a first transport layer and a first electrode layer, and the other of two adjacent housing spaces contains a second transport layer and a second electrode layer. Furthermore, the sides of two adjacent light-absorbing layers facing each other are each provided with a first transport layer or a second transport layer. This design, where a first transport layer is deposited in one of two adjacent housing spaces and a second transport layer is deposited in the other, facilitates the formation of a structurally stable solar cell module.

[0017] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer is at least one of a perovskite layer. This design, which makes the light-absorbing layer a perovskite layer, facilitates the acquisition of structurally stable perovskite solar cell modules.

[0018] In some embodiments, the light conversion component further includes a passivation layer, which is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer and the first transmission layer; and / or, the passivation layer is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer and the second transmission layer. This design, by providing a passivation layer between the light-absorbing layer and the first transmission layer and / or between the light-absorbing layer and the second transmission layer, reduces defects at the interface contact points, thereby improving the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0019] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes a first protective layer, which is disposed between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer; and / or, a first protective layer is disposed between the light conversion component and the second electrode layer. This design, by introducing the first protective layer, effectively protects the light-absorbing layer and achieves effective water and oxygen blocking.

[0020] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first protective layer between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer is denoted as h2, where 10nm ≤ h2 ≤ 50nm. This design controls the thickness h2 between 10nm and 50nm, minimizing the overall thickness of the solar cell module while ensuring effective water and oxygen barrier properties of the first protective layer, thereby achieving efficient charge transport within the module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes a second protective layer covering the surface of the light conversion component facing away from the substrate. This design, introducing the second protective layer, prevents the light conversion component from being directly exposed to the external environment during encapsulation, achieving effective water and oxygen barrier properties and providing structural stability to the component.

[0022] In some embodiments, at least one of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes a metallic structure. This design effectively balances the light absorption rate and conductivity of the solar cell module, which is beneficial for improving the module's light conversion efficiency.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a first busbar and a second busbar, the first busbar being connected to a first electrode layer and the second busbar being connected to a second electrode layer. This design, with the introduction of the first and second busbars, facilitates the input or output of electrical energy into or out of the solar cell module.

[0024] In some embodiments, the solar cell module includes multiple cell units, with at least some light conversion components sequentially distributed along a first direction, and adjacent light conversion components connected by a first electrode layer or a second electrode layer; the first electrode layers and the second electrode layers are alternately distributed along the first direction; wherein a first busbar and a second busbar both extend along the first direction and are respectively connected to each first electrode layer and each second electrode layer. This design enables the cell units to be effectively connected in parallel through the first busbar and the second busbar.

[0025] In some embodiments, a solar cell module includes multiple cell units, with at least some light conversion components sequentially distributed along a first direction. A first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, interconnected and sequentially distributed along the first direction, are provided between adjacent light conversion components. The first electrode layers and second electrode layers are alternately distributed along the first direction. A first busbar and a second busbar both extend along a second direction. The first busbar is connected to the first electrode layer located at one end of the solar cell module along the first direction, and the second busbar is connected to the second electrode layer located at the other end of the solar cell module along the first direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the thickness direction of the substrate intersect each other, and are not coplanar. This design enables the cell units to be effectively connected in series via the first and second busbars.

[0026] In some embodiments, the solar cell module further includes a cover plate and an insulating film, the insulating film covering the surface of the light conversion module facing away from the substrate, and the cover plate covering the surface of the insulating film facing away from the light conversion module. This design, with the introduction of the cover plate and insulating film, facilitates effective encapsulation of the light conversion module.

[0027] Secondly, this application provides a method for fabricating a solar cell module, the method comprising the following steps: forming a light conversion module on at least one surface of a substrate along its own thickness direction; forming a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer at both ends of the light conversion module along a first direction, wherein the first direction intersects the thickness direction.

[0028] With this design, a first transmission layer and a second transmission layer are respectively set at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction, which improves the light transmittance and thus further enhances the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0029] In some embodiments, the step of forming a light conversion component on a surface of a substrate along its thickness direction includes: forming a light-absorbing layer extending in a first direction on a surface of the substrate along its thickness direction; scribing lines on the light-absorbing layer to form a plurality of accommodating spaces spaced apart along the first direction; and alternately forming a first transmission layer and a second transmission layer in all the accommodating spaces, such that each light-absorbing layer has a first transmission layer and a second transmission layer at both ends along the first direction, wherein the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer, a first transmission layer, and a second transmission layer.

[0030] This design facilitates the formation of solar cell modules with stable structures and good charge transport performance.

[0031] Thirdly, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module according to any of the above.

[0032] In four aspects, this application provides an electrical device, which includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0033] Fifthly, this application provides a power generation device, which includes the solar cell module of any of the above. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module described in some embodiments of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle circle.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure in some embodiments of this application, showing that the substrate has battery cells on both sides.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in some embodiments of this application where the light-absorbing layer is disposed on the substrate. Figure 1 .

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in some embodiments of this application where the light-absorbing layer is disposed on the substrate. Figure 2 .

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in some embodiments of this application where the light-absorbing layer is disposed on the substrate. Figure 3 .

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module with a passivation layer as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle circle.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module with a second protective layer as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure at point C in the middle circle.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel connection of solar cell modules described in some embodiments of this application.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a structural breakdown diagram of a parallel-connected solar cell module as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a series-connected solar cell module as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of the structure at point D in the middle circle.

[0048] Figure 15 This is a structurally exploded schematic diagram of a series-connected solar cell module as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 16 The following is a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 .

[0050] Figure 17The following is a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 .

[0051] 100. Solar cell module; 10. Substrate; 11. Cell cell; 12. Light-absorbing layer; 121. Mounting surface; 122. Accommodating space; 13. First transmission layer; 14. Second transmission layer; 15. First electrode layer; 16. Second electrode layer; 17. First protective layer; 18. Second protective layer; 19. Passivation layer; X, First direction; Y, Thickness direction; Z, Second direction; 20. First busbar; 21. First lead-out portion; 30. Second busbar; 31. Second lead-out portion; 40. Cover plate; 41. Insulating film. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0053] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0054] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0057] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0058] With the rapid development of science and technology, breakthroughs have been made in the development of new energy sources. For example, solar cells, represented by perovskite and organic thin-film batteries, have made disruptive progress. These solar cells have become the mainstream products of new energy sources due to their advantages such as high efficiency and low cost.

[0059] A solar cell module typically comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer, a first transport layer, a light-absorbing layer, a second transport layer, and a second electrode layer stacked sequentially. To enhance the charge transport properties of the solar cell module, the second electrode layer is usually a metallic structure. Since metallic structures inherently have poor light transmittance, the first electrode layer is typically designed as a transparent conductive structure, serving as the light-incident side, allowing light to pass sequentially through the substrate, the first electrode layer, and the first transport layer to reach the light-absorbing layer.

[0060] However, although the transparent conductive structure has high light transmittance, its placement between the substrate and the first transport layer will inevitably cause some light loss, reducing the light reception rate of the solar cell module and the light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0061] Based on this, in response to the problem of reduced light reception rate in traditional solar cell modules, this application provides a solar cell module in which a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer are respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion module along the direction intersecting with the thickness direction. This allows the light to directly illuminate the light conversion module when the solar cell module is exposed to light along the thickness direction, without being blocked by the first and second electrode layers, thereby improving the effective illumination of the solar cell module, reducing the light loss of the solar cell module, and improving the light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0062] This application provides an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a tablet, laptop, electric toy, power tool, electric vehicle, electric car, ship, spacecraft, space station, etc. The electric toy can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys.

[0063] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a solar cell module 100, which includes a substrate 10 and a cell unit 11. The cell unit 11 includes a light conversion component, a first electrode layer 15, and a second electrode layer 16. The light conversion component is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate 10 along its thickness direction Y. The first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion component along a first direction X; wherein the first direction X intersects the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10, and both the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are constructed as metallic structures.

[0064] The substrate 10, also known as the base plate or substrate, can be a transparent structure, such as, but not limited to, glass, tempered glass, quartz, organic flexible materials, etc.; of course, it can also be transparent conductive glass, stainless steel conductive flexible substrate, polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) conductive flexible substrate, etc.

[0065] A light conversion component refers to a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Incident light (e.g., sunlight) enters the device and reaches the light conversion component, where it is absorbed. Under the excitation of the incident light, the light-absorbing layer 12 generates electron-hole pairs. Under the action of an electric field, the holes and electrons separate, with the electrons transported to one electrode and the holes to the other. Subsequently, a loop is formed via an external circuit, which can be used to drive a load. The light conversion component may include the light-absorbing layer 12, but may not include an electron or hole transport layer; alternatively, it may include the light-absorbing layer 12 and hole and electron transport layers disposed on both sides of the light-absorbing layer 12.

[0066] The light conversion component can be disposed on one surface of the substrate 10, or simultaneously on both surfaces of the substrate 10, as detailed in the reference. Figure 3 ,exist Figure 3 In this embodiment, light conversion components are disposed on both surfaces of the substrate 10 along its thickness direction Y, and a first electrode layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 are respectively disposed on both sides of the light conversion components along the first direction X. At this time, light can illuminate the solar cell module 100 from the side of the light conversion component facing away from the substrate 10.

[0067] The first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 refer to the structures for charge transport in the solar cell module 100. The materials for the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 can be varied; both can be metallic structures or transparent conductive structures. For example, one such structure has an average transmittance of over 80% in the visible light range (wavelength 380 nm ~ 760 nm, corresponding to energies of 3.26 eV ~ 1.63 eV), high conductivity, and a resistivity below 1 × 10⁻⁶. -3 The charge transport capacity is Ω·cm. Various materials can be selected, such as, but not limited to, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), lanthanide-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO). The second electrode layer can be a metallic structure, such as, but not limited to, Ag, Au, Pt, and Cu. When both the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are metallic structures, the charge transport performance of the component can be improved. Various metallic materials can be selected for the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16, such as, but not limited to, Ag, Au, Pt, and Cu. Of course, one of the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 may be a metallic structure, while the other may be a transparent conductive structure.

[0068] Since the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction X, and the first direction X intersects the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10, the side of the light conversion component facing the substrate 10 and / or the side facing away from the substrate 10 is the incident light side. Thus, when incident light irradiates the light conversion component, it will not pass through the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16, thereby not sacrificing the light reception rate of the light conversion component. Specifically, in some embodiments, the first direction X is perpendicular to the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10.

[0069] Furthermore, when the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12, a hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer, the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer can be respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X. In this case, the first electrode layer 15 can be disposed at one of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, and the second electrode layer 16 can be disposed at the other of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; alternatively, the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer can also be respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10, which is consistent with the stacking structure in a conventional solar cell module 100. In this case, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 located at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X can extend to connect with the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, respectively.

[0070] This design allows the solar cell module 100 to be directly illuminated by light along the thickness direction Y when the light is irradiated, without being blocked by the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16, thereby improving the effective illumination of the solar cell module 100 and improving the light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12, a first transmission layer 13, and a second transmission layer 14. The light-absorbing layer 12 is disposed on the surface of the substrate 10, and the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 are respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along a first direction X. A first electrode layer 15 is disposed on the side of the first transmission layer 13 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 12, and a second electrode layer 16 is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer 14 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 12.

[0072] The light-absorbing layer 12 is a component that converts light energy into electrical energy. Taking a perovskite solar cell module as an example, the light-absorbing layer 12 is a perovskite layer, and the chemical formula of the perovskite layer satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; wherein, A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of the two, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA) and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, which can be Pb. 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Mn 2+Ni 2+ 、Ge 2+ Co 2+ and Sb 2+ One or more of the following; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag. + D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, which can be a bismuth cation (Bi). 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ and indium cations In 3+ At least one of the following; X is a halide or pseudohalogen anion, which can be Cl... - ,Br - I - SCN - BF4 - At least one of them.

[0073] The first transport layer 13 and the second transport layer 14 respectively serve to transport electrons or holes. The first transport layer 13 can be an electron charge transport layer and the second transport layer 14 can be a hole charge transport layer, in which case the solar cell module 100 is nip type (formal structure); or, the first transport layer 13 can be a hole charge transport layer and the second transport layer 14 can be an electron charge transport layer, in which case the solar cell module 100 is pin type (inverted structure). In addition to transporting electrons, the electron charge transport layer can also block holes. Various materials can be selected for this layer, such as: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymers, copper bath, red phenanthroline, aluminum hydroxyquinoline, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphorus sulfide compounds, fluorine-containing phthalocyanine, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), tin sulfide (SnS), indium sulfide (In2O3), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), and zinc sulfide (ZnS). In addition to transporting holes, the hole charge transport layer can also block electrons. Its materials may include at least one of the following: thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2',7,7'-tetratetra(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-spirodifluorene, molybdenum oxide (MoO3), vanadium oxide (V2O5), tungsten oxide (WO3 and / or WO2), nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO), tin oxide (SnO2), molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), tungsten sulfide (WS2), copper sulfide (CuS), tin sulfide (SnS), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), copper iodide (CuI), fluorine-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0074] The first transport layer 13 and the second transport layer 14 are respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X, so that the migration direction of electrons or holes is consistent with the first direction X, and the illumination direction of the light-absorbing layer 12 is consistent with the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10.

[0075] With this design, a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 are respectively provided at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X, which improves the charge transport performance and thus further enhances the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0076] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The solar cell module includes multiple cell units 11, at least some of which are distributed sequentially along the first direction X, and there is a space 122 between two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12.

[0077] A receiving space 122 is provided between two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12 to facilitate the placement of a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14 at the end of each light-absorbing layer 12 facing the receiving space 122. The receiving space 122 may or may not completely separate the two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12. When the two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12 remain connected, the ends of the two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12 facing the receiving space 122 are provided with the same transmission layer, for example, both are provided with either a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14.

[0078] The shape of the accommodating space 122 can be designed in various ways. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the accommodating space 122 can be, but is not limited to, a square, an inverted triangle, an inverted trapezoid, an equilateral triangle, or an equilateral trapezoid.

[0079] It is easy to understand that each battery cell 11 can independently supply power to the outside on the substrate 10. For example, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 on each battery cell 11 can be connected to an external device. Alternatively, to obtain a higher voltage, some battery cells 11 can be connected in series, such as by connecting the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 of each battery cell 11 sequentially. Of course, the first electrode layers 15 of some battery cells 11 can also be connected to each other, and the second electrode layers 16 can be connected to each other to form a parallel circuit. There are various ways to connect the battery cells 11 in series and parallel, such as by attaching copper tape.

[0080] This design provides a space 122 between adjacent light-absorbing layers 12, allowing for the placement of a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14 at one end of the light-absorbing layer 12, thus improving fabrication efficiency. Simultaneously, multiple battery cells 11 are sequentially distributed along the first direction X, facilitating convenient series and parallel connections as needed.

[0081] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 4 In two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12, the sides of each light-absorbing layer 12 facing each other include mounting surfaces 121 for mounting the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14, and a receiving space 122 is formed between two adjacent mounting surfaces 121.

[0082] Mounting surface 121 refers to one end face of the light-absorbing layer 12, which can be mounted on the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14. Mounting surface 121 can be designed as a plane. When mounting surface 121 is a plane, it can be parallel to the thickness direction of the substrate 10; or it can be inclined relative to the thickness direction of the substrate 10. Mounting surface 121 can also be designed as a curved surface. For example, mounting surface 121 can be an arched surface convex to the receiving space 122; or mounting surface 121 can be a concave surface away from the receiving space 122, etc.

[0083] In the mounting surfaces 121 facing each other on two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12, the same transmission layer, such as a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14, can be provided. Alternatively, one of the two mounting surfaces 121 may have the first transmission layer 13, and the other may have the second transmission layer 14. When both adjacent mounting surfaces 121 have either the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14, the two light-absorbing layers 12 can be connected.

[0084] In addition, it should be noted that when the receiving space 122 cuts through the two light-absorbing layers 12, that is, one end of the receiving space 122 extends to the surface of the substrate 10, and the two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 are separated from each other; when the receiving space 122 does not cut through the two light-absorbing layers 12, the ends of the two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 near the substrate 10 can be connected to each other; or they can be separated from each other and not connected.

[0085] This design introduces a mounting surface 121 to enclose and form an accommodating space 122, which facilitates the formation of the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 on the corresponding mounting surface 121.

[0086] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 4 The distance between two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 along the first direction X gradually increases from the end of the receiving space 122 away from the base 10 to the end of the receiving space 122 near the base 10.

[0087] It can be seen that the further away the containment space 122 is from the substrate 10, the larger its size is, which facilitates the deposition of the first transport layer 13 or the second transport layer 14 into the containment space 122.

[0088] This design increases the size of the accommodating space 122 along the first direction X as it moves further away from the substrate 10, making it easier to form the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 at one end of the light-absorbing layer 12, thus improving the fabrication efficiency.

[0089] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The spacing between two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 along the first direction X remains constant from the direction closer to the base 10 to the direction farther from the base 10; or it gradually decreases.

[0090] It can be seen that two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 can remain parallel to each other; or, two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 can form a trapezoidal or triangular structure.

[0091] This design keeps the spacing between two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 constant or gradually decreases to ensure that the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 are formed on their respective mounting surfaces 121.

[0092] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 The distance between the two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 that are in contact with the base 10 along the first direction X is denoted as h1, where 0μm≤h1≤5μm.

[0093] When h1 is 0 μm, it means that the two adjacent mounting surfaces 121 remain connected, indicating that the two light-absorbing layers 12 are not completely severed by the receiving space 122. At this time, the ends of the two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12 facing the receiving space 122 can be regarded as the same polarity ends, and the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 is provided at both ends.

[0094] In addition, the spacing h1 can also take values ​​between 0μm and 5μm, such as, but not limited to, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, etc.

[0095] This design controls the spacing h1 between 0μm and 5μm, giving the light-absorbing layer 12 a reasonable gap. While ensuring that the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 is set on the end face of the light-absorbing layer 12, the gap between the light-absorbing layers 12 is minimized, thereby improving the utilization of space.

[0096] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The mounting surface 121 is inclined relative to the thickness direction Y of the base 10, and the end of the mounting surface 121 away from the base 10 is biased relative to the end of the mounting surface 121 near the base 10 along the side away from or towards the receiving space 122.

[0097] Mounting surface 121 refers to one end face of light-absorbing layer 12, which can be used to mount the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14. Mounting surface 121 is inclined relative to the thickness direction Y, and the end away from the substrate 10 is further inclined along the side opposite to the receiving space 122. In this way, when forming the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14, the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 can follow the surface of mounting surface 121, so that the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 can be better formed on one end face of light-absorbing layer 12.

[0098] When the mounting surface 121 is tilted along the side facing the receiving space 122, the receiving space 122 formed in this way has a smaller size at the end away from the base 10 and a larger size at the end closer to the base 10.

[0099] Furthermore, identical transmission layers, such as a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14, can be provided on both mounting surfaces 121 facing each other. Alternatively, the first transmission layer 13 can be provided on one mounting surface 121, and the second transmission layer 14 on the other. When both adjacent mounting surfaces 121 have either a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14, the two light-absorbing layers 12 can be connected.

[0100] This design, with the mounting surface 121 being an inclined surface, increases the bonding area between the mounting surface 121 and the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14, facilitating the deposition and formation of the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 on the end face of the light-absorbing layer 12, thereby improving the fabrication efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0101] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 4 The angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y of the base 10 is denoted as θ, where 30°≤θ≤80°.

[0102] The angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y can be between 30° and 80°, such as 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, etc.

[0103] This design controls the angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y to be between 30° and 80°, which allows the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 to be better prepared on the light-absorbing layer 12, improving the preparation effect and structural stability.

[0104] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y of the base 10 is denoted as θ, where 90°≤θ≤120°.

[0105] It can be seen that when the angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y of the base 10 is 90°, the cross section of the accommodating space 122 is square; when the angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y of the base 10 is greater than 90°, the cross section of the accommodating space 122 is trapezoidal.

[0106] This design controls the angle between the mounting surface 121 and the thickness direction Y to be between 90° and 120°, so as to satisfy the forming of the first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 on the light-absorbing layer 12.

[0107] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figures 4 to 6 The accommodating space 122 extends along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10 to the surface of the substrate 10.

[0108] It is known that the accommodating space 122 completely separates the two light-absorbing layers 12, which facilitates the formation of a first transmission layer 13 or a second transmission layer 14 on the side of the light-absorbing layer 12 facing the accommodating space 122.

[0109] Since the accommodating space 122 needs to extend to the surface of the substrate 10, a laser of a suitable wavelength can be used for laser marking to reduce scratches on the surface of the substrate 10. For example, since the substrate 10 has low absorption of green light, a green laser can be used to mark the light-absorbing layer 12 to reduce scratches on the surface of the substrate 10.

[0110] This design extends the accommodating space 122 to the surface of the substrate 10, which facilitates the formation of the first transport layer 13 or the second transport layer 14 on the light-absorbing layer 12 side, thereby improving the preparation efficiency.

[0111] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 The solar cell module includes multiple housing spaces, at least some of which are spaced apart along a first direction X. One of two adjacent housing spaces 122 contains a first transmission layer 13 and a first electrode layer 15, and the other of two adjacent housing spaces 122 contains a second transmission layer 14 and a second electrode layer 16. The first transmission layer 13 or the second transmission layer 14 is provided on the side facing each other of two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12.

[0112] In two adjacent containment spaces 122, a first transport layer 13 is deposited in one and a second transport layer 14 is deposited in the other. This means that in all containment spaces 122, the first transport layer 13 and the second transport layer 14 are deposited alternately in each containment space 122, such that the first transport layer 13 or the second transport layer 14 is deposited on the mounting surfaces 121 of the two adjacent light-absorbing layers 12 that face each other.

[0113] Furthermore, after depositing the corresponding first transmission layer 13 or second transmission layer 14 in each of the accommodating spaces 122, the first transmission layer 13 or second transmission layer 14 can be connected according to the series and parallel connection requirements.

[0114] With this design, in two adjacent containment spaces 122, one is deposited with the first transport layer 13 and the other with the second transport layer 14, which facilitates the formation of a structurally stable solar cell module 100.

[0115] In some embodiments of this application, the light-absorbing layer 12 may optionally be a perovskite layer.

[0116] It is understood that the light-absorbing layer 12 can be of various types, such as, but not limited to, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, perovskite, etc. In this embodiment, the light-absorbing layer 12 is further defined as a perovskite layer.

[0117] The chemical formula of the perovskite layer satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; wherein, A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of the two, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA) and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, which can be Pb. 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Mn 2+ Ni 2+ 、Ge 2+ Co 2+ and Sb 2+ One or more of the following; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag. + D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, which can be a bismuth cation (Bi). 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ and indium cations In 3+ At least one of the following; X is a halide or pseudohalogen anion, which can be Cl... - ,Br - I - SCN - BF4 - At least one of them.

[0118] This design, which makes the light-absorbing layer 12 a perovskite layer, facilitates the acquisition of a structurally stable perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0119] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The light conversion component also includes a passivation layer 19, which is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the first transmission layer 13; and / or, the passivation layer 19 is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the second transmission layer 14.

[0120] A passivation layer 19 is located between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the first transport layer 13, and / or between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the second transport layer 14. The passivation layer 19 is used to reduce defects at the interface. For example, the light-absorbing layer 12 absorbs energy and releases charge carriers that diffuse within the solar cell module 100. When these carriers reach the interface between the first transport layer 13 or the second transport layer 14 and the light-absorbing layer 12, defects at the interfaces of the light-absorbing layer 12 and the two transport layers will cause non-radiative recombination of the charge carriers, resulting in energy loss and reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 100. In this case, the passivation layer 19 facilitates ohmic transport of charge carriers, reduces interface charge transport barriers caused by poor interface contact due to polarity differences between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the transport layers, and lowers defect density.

[0121] In addition to being disposed between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the first transport layer 13 or the second transport layer 14, the passivation layer 19 may also cover a surface of the light-absorbing layer 12 facing away from the substrate 10. Furthermore, the material of the passivation layer 19 can be commonly used in the art; for example, it can be a methyl-substituted carbazole molecule (Me-4PACz). The methyl-substituted carbazole molecule (Me-4PACz) can be understood as a self-assembled molecular layer with a thickness of 1–5 nm.

[0122] This design, with a passivation layer 19 placed between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the first transmission layer 13 and / or between the light-absorbing layer 12 and the second transmission layer 14, reduces defects at the interface and helps improve the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0123] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 The battery cell 11 also includes a first protective layer 17, which is provided between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer 15; and / or, the first protective layer 17 is provided between the light conversion component and the second electrode layer 16.

[0124] The first protective layer 17 refers to a structure that protects one end of the light conversion component and serves a protective function. For example, by placing the first protective layer 17 between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer 15 and / or the second electrode layer 16, the first protective layer 17 reduces ion migration between the first electrode layer 15 or the second electrode layer 16, preventing structural degradation of the light conversion component. For instance, in the case where the light conversion component includes a perovskite layer, the first protective layer 17 can also hinder the migration of halogen elements in the perovskite layer. Simultaneously, the first protective layer 17 can prevent some water and oxygen from penetrating into the light conversion component.

[0125] The first protective layer 17 can be of various types, such as, but not limited to, oxides such as tin oxide and aluminum oxide.

[0126] This design, with the introduction of the first protective layer 17, can effectively protect the light conversion component, reduce ion migration between the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16, and improve the stability of the structure; it also effectively blocks water and oxygen.

[0127] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 2 The thickness of the first protective layer 17 between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer 15 or the second electrode layer 16 is denoted as h2, where 10nm≤h2≤50nm.

[0128] If the first protective layer 17 is designed to be too thick, it will affect the charge transport performance of the solar cell module 100. Therefore, the thickness h2 can be between 10nm and 50nm, for example, but not limited to 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, etc.

[0129] This design controls the thickness h2 between 10nm and 50nm, reducing the overall thickness of the solar cell module 100 as much as possible while ensuring that the first protective layer 17 effectively prevents ion migration, thus achieving effective charge transport of the module.

[0130] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 The battery cell 11 also includes a second protective layer 18, which covers the surface of the light conversion component facing away from the substrate 10.

[0131] It can be seen that by covering the surface of the light conversion component facing away from the substrate 10 with a second protective layer 18, the subsequent encapsulation material will not come into direct contact with the light conversion component; at the same time, during the subsequent encapsulation process, the surface of the light conversion component can be reduced from being directly exposed to the outside world, thus achieving an effective water and oxygen barrier effect.

[0132] For specific examples, please refer to Figure 9The light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12, a first transmission layer 13, and a second transmission layer 14. The light-absorbing layer 12 is disposed on the surface of a substrate 10. The first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 are respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along a first direction X. A first protective layer 17 is provided on the side of the first transmission layer 13 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 12 and on the side of the second transmission layer 14 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 12. A first electrode layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 are respectively disposed on the corresponding first protective layer 17. A second protective layer 18 is disposed on the surface of the light-absorbing layer 12 facing away from the substrate 10 and is connected to the first protective layer 17. The first protective layer 17 and the second protective layer 18 can be an integrated structure, that is, the material of the second protective layer 18 is the same as the material of the first protective layer 17. During component fabrication, when coating the first protective layer 17, it can extend to the surface of the light-absorbing layer 12 facing away from the substrate 10 to form the second protective layer 18.

[0133] This design introduces a second protective layer 18, ensuring that the light conversion module is not directly exposed to the outside world during the encapsulation process, achieving effective water and oxygen blocking and providing structural stability to the module.

[0134] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, at least one of the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 includes a metal structure.

[0135] It is known that metallic structures have relatively high electrical conductivity. Therefore, designing the first electrode layer 15 and / or the second electrode layer 16 as metallic structures can improve the electrical conductivity of the solar cell module 100. The metallic structure can be, but is not limited to, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, etc.

[0136] In conventional solar cell modules, the substrate 10, the first electrode layer 15, the first transport layer 13, the light-absorbing layer 12, the second transport layer 14, and the second electrode layer 16 are typically stacked sequentially along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. Because the metal structure itself has poor light transmittance, the conductivity of the solar module 100 is usually sacrificed to meet illumination requirements.

[0137] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are respectively disposed on both sides of the light conversion component along the direction intersecting with the thickness direction Y. This ensures that the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are not in the light path, allowing light to directly illuminate the light conversion component. In this case, it is not necessary to sacrifice the conductivity of the solar cell 100. Both the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 can be designed as metal structures. This improves the light absorption rate of the component without sacrificing conductivity, effectively balancing the light absorption rate and conductivity of the solar cell component 100.

[0138] This design effectively balances the light absorption rate and conductivity of the solar cell module 100, which helps to improve the light conversion efficiency of the module.

[0139] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 11 The solar cell module 100 also includes a first busbar 20 and a second busbar 30, the first busbar 20 being connected to the first electrode layer 15, and the second busbar 30 being connected to the second electrode layer 16.

[0140] The first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 refer to the conductive structures that conduct electrical energy out of or into the light conversion module. Their structures can vary, such as copper tape or silver tape. The distribution of the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 can be designed according to the structure of the solar cell module 100. For example, when there are multiple battery cells 11 connected in series along the first direction X, the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 only need to be connected to the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 located at both ends of the solar cell module 100, respectively, to achieve series connection. When there are multiple battery cells 11 connected in parallel along the first direction X, each first electrode layer 15 can be connected to the first busbar 20, and each second electrode layer 16 can be connected to the second busbar 30. Of course, when there are multiple battery cells 11, some battery cells 11 are connected in series with each other, and other battery cells 11 are connected in series with each other, and these two parts are arranged in parallel, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 located at both ends of the battery cells 11 in each part can be connected to the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 respectively.

[0141] This design incorporates a first busbar 20 and a second busbar 30 to facilitate the import or export of electrical energy into or out of the solar cell module 100.

[0142] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The solar cell module 100 includes a plurality of cell units 11, at least some of which are distributed sequentially along the first direction X. Adjacent light conversion components are connected by a first electrode layer 15 or a second electrode layer 16. The first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are alternately distributed along the first direction X. The first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 both extend along the first direction X and are respectively connected to the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16.

[0143] It is known that each battery cell 11 is designed in parallel with each other, and each pair of adjacent light conversion components has a first electrode layer 15 or a second electrode layer 16 of the same polarity. Thus, each first electrode layer 15 needs to be connected to the first busbar 20, and each second electrode layer 16 needs to be connected to the second busbar 30. Specifically, in some embodiments, the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12 and a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X. There is a receiving space 122 between each pair of light-absorbing layers 12. In the two adjacent receiving spaces 122, one has the first transmission layer 13 and the first electrode layer 15, and the other has the second transmission layer 14 and the second electrode layer 16. Thus, each first electrode layer 15 is connected to the first busbar 20, and each second electrode layer 16 is connected to the second busbar 30.

[0144] To facilitate the connection of the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 on the battery cell 11, both the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 are disposed on the surface of the battery cell 11 facing away from the substrate 10, and are spaced apart along the second direction Z. Thus, when the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 extend along the first direction X, the first busbar 20 can pass through each of the first electrode layers 15 and connect to each of the first electrode layers 15 respectively. At this time, to prevent the first busbar 20 from contacting the second electrode layer 16, an insulating structure, such as insulating adhesive, can be provided between the first busbar 20 and the second electrode layer 16.

[0145] Similarly, the second busbar 30 can also pass through each of the second electrode layers 16 and connect to each of the second electrode layers 16 respectively. At this time, in order to prevent the second busbar 30 from contacting the first electrode layer 15, an insulating structure, such as insulating adhesive, can be provided between the second busbar 30 and the first electrode layer 15.

[0146] Additionally, in some embodiments, please refer to Figure 12 The solar cell module 100 further includes a first lead-out portion 21 and a second lead-out portion 31. One end of the first lead-out portion 21 is connected to the first busbar 20, and the other end extends at least partially along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. One end of the second lead-out portion 31 is connected to the second busbar 30, and the other end extends at least partially along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. The ends of the first lead-out portion 21 and the second lead-out portion 31 extending along the thickness direction Y can be easily connected to a junction box. Furthermore, to prevent the first lead-out portion 21 and the second lead-out portion 31 from making electrical contact with the battery cell 11, insulating adhesive can be applied to the side of the first lead-out portion 21 facing the battery cell 11 and the side of the second lead-out portion 31 facing the battery cell 11, respectively.

[0147] With this design, the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 enable the individual battery cells 11 to be effectively connected in parallel.

[0148] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figures 13 to 15 The solar cell module 100 includes multiple cell units 11. At least some light conversion components are sequentially distributed along the first direction X. A first electrode layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 are connected to each other and sequentially distributed along the first direction X between two adjacent light conversion components. Each first electrode layer 15 and each second electrode layer 16 are alternately distributed along the first direction X. The first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 both extend along the second direction Z. The first busbar 20 is connected to the first electrode layer 15 located at one end of the solar cell module 100 along the first direction X. The second busbar 30 is connected to the second electrode layer 16 located at the other end of the solar cell module 100 along the first direction X. The first direction X, the second direction Z and the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10 intersect each other and are not coplanar.

[0149] It is known that each battery cell 11 is connected in series. Between each pair of adjacent light conversion components, there are first electrode layers 15 and second electrode layers 16 with different polarities. Thus, the first electrode layer 15 located at one end along the first direction X needs to be connected to the first busbar 20, and the second electrode layer 16 located at the other end along the first direction X needs to be connected to the second busbar 30. Specifically, in some embodiments, the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12 and a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X. There is a receiving space 122 between each pair of light-absorbing layers 12. In each receiving space 122, a first transmission layer 13, a first electrode layer 15 disposed on the first transmission layer 13, a second transmission layer 14, and a second electrode layer 16 disposed on the second transmission layer 14 are disposed, and the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 located in the same receiving space 122 are connected. At this time, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are located at the two ends of the solar cell module 100 along the first direction, respectively. At this time, the series connection can be completed by connecting the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 located at the two ends to the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30, respectively.

[0150] To facilitate the connection of the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 on the battery cell 11, the first busbar 20 is attached to the first electrode layer 15 located at one end of the solar cell module 100 along the first direction X and extends along the second direction Z; the second busbar 30 is attached to the second electrode layer 16 located at one end of the solar cell module 100 along the first direction. In some specific examples, the first direction X, the second direction Z, and the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10 are all perpendicular to each other.

[0151] Similarly, in some embodiments, please refer to Figure 15The solar cell module 100 further includes a first lead-out portion 21 and a second lead-out portion 31. One end of the first lead-out portion 21 is connected to the first busbar 20, and the other end extends at least partially along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. One end of the second lead-out portion 31 is connected to the second busbar 30, and the other end extends at least partially along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. The ends of the first lead-out portion 21 and the second lead-out portion 31 extending along the thickness direction Y can be easily connected to a junction box.

[0152] With this design, the first busbar 20 and the second busbar 30 enable the individual battery cells 11 to be effectively connected in series.

[0153] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 12 The solar cell module 100 also includes a cover plate 40 and an insulating film 41. The insulating film 41 covers the surface of the light conversion module facing away from the substrate 10, and the cover plate 40 covers the surface of the insulating film 41 facing away from the light conversion module.

[0154] The cover plate 40 refers to the structure that covers the surface of the insulating film 41 and protects the surface of the battery cell 11 facing away from the substrate 10. It can be a transparent structure, such as, but not limited to, glass. The insulating film 41 refers to the structure that insulates between the cover plate 40 and the light conversion component. Its material can be selected from various options, such as, but not limited to, TPO (Thermoplastic polyolefin), EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), PVB (Polyvinylbutyral), TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethane), etc.

[0155] This design, with the introduction of cover plate 40 and insulating film 41, facilitates the effective encapsulation of the light conversion component.

[0156] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 16 This application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, the method comprising the following steps:

[0157] S100, providing substrate 10;

[0158] S200, A light conversion component is formed on at least one surface of the substrate 10 along its own thickness direction Y;

[0159] S300, A first electrode layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 are formed at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction X, wherein the first direction X intersects the thickness direction Y.

[0160] In step S200, the light conversion component refers to a component that converts light energy into electrical energy. Incident light (e.g., sunlight) enters the device and then reaches the light conversion component and is absorbed by it. Under the excitation of the incident light, the light-absorbing layer 12 generates a hole-electron pair. Under the action of an electric field, the hole and electron are separated. The electron is transferred to one electrode, while the hole is transferred to another electrode. Subsequently, a loop is formed through the external circuit, which can be used to drive the load to work.

[0161] In step S300, the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 can be formed at both ends of the light conversion component in various ways, such as, but not limited to, evaporation and sputtering.

[0162] In addition, it should be noted that the method for preparing the solar cell module in this embodiment can be applied to the preparation of the solar cell modules in any of the above embodiments.

[0163] With this design, a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 are respectively set at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction X, which improves the light transmittance and thus further enhances the light conversion efficiency of the component.

[0164] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, please refer to Figure 17 S200, the step of forming a light conversion component on a surface of the substrate 10 along its own thickness direction Y includes:

[0165] S210, A light-absorbing layer 12 extending in the first direction X is formed on a surface of the substrate 10 along its own thickness direction Y;

[0166] S220. Draw lines on the light-absorbing layer 12 to form a plurality of accommodating spaces 122 spaced apart along the first direction X.

[0167] S230. A first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 are alternately formed in the entire accommodating space 122, such that each light-absorbing layer 12 is provided with a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14 at both ends along the first direction, wherein the light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer 12, a first transmission layer 13 and a second transmission layer 14.

[0168] In step S220, a laser can be used to scribble lines on the light-absorbing layer 12, forming a plurality of receiving spaces 122 along the first direction X on the light-absorbing layer 12. In some embodiments, each receiving space 122 penetrates the light-absorbing layer 12 to completely sever the light-absorbing layer 12.

[0169] In step 230, the same transmission layer is provided in all accommodating spaces 122. For example, a first transmission layer 13 is provided in the first accommodating space 122, a second transmission layer 14 is provided in the second accommodating space 122, and so on. Of course, in some embodiments, one of the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 is provided at one end of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X, and one of the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 is also provided at the other end of the light-absorbing layer 12 along the first direction X, so that the two ends of each light-absorbing layer 12 after being cut along the first direction X are the first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14, respectively.

[0170] The first transmission layer 13, the light-absorbing layer 12, and the second transmission layer 14 can be formed in various ways, such as vapor deposition, sputtering, and slurry coating.

[0171] This design facilitates the formation of a stable solar cell module 100 with excellent charge transport performance.

[0172] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module 100 as described above.

[0173] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell module 100 of any of the above.

[0174] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a power generation device, which includes a solar cell module 100 as described above.

[0175] A photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is a system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. It is divided into stand-alone PV systems and grid-connected PV systems. A stand-alone PV system consists of a solar photovoltaic array composed of photovoltaic modules, a battery bank, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and loads. A grid-connected PV system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a system monitoring section.

[0176] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 15This application provides a solar cell module 100, including a substrate 10, a light-absorbing layer 12, a first transmission layer 13, a second transmission layer 14, a protective layer 17, a first electrode layer 15, and a second electrode layer 16. A plurality of light-absorbing layers 12 are spaced apart on the substrate 10 along a first direction X, forming a receiving space 122 between two light-absorbing layers 12. The first transmission layer 13 and the second transmission layer 14 are alternately disposed in the receiving space 122. The first electrode layer 15 is disposed on the first transmission layer 13, and the second electrode layer 16 is disposed on the second transmission layer 14. Both the first electrode layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are metallic structures. The first direction X intersects the thickness direction Y of the substrate 10. The side where the substrate 10 is located is the light-incident side. Protective layers 17 are provided between the first transmission layer 13 and the first electrode layer 15, and between the second transmission layer 14 and the second electrode layer 16.

[0177] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0178] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized by, The solar cell module includes: Base (10); The battery cell (11) includes a light conversion component, a first electrode layer (15) and a second electrode layer (16). The light conversion component is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate (10) along its own thickness direction (Y). The first electrode layer (15) and the second electrode layer (16) are respectively disposed at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction (X). The first direction (X) intersects with the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (10).

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by The light conversion component includes a light-absorbing layer (12), a first transmission layer (13), and a second transmission layer (14). The light-absorbing layer (12) is disposed on the surface of the substrate (10). The first transmission layer (13) and the second transmission layer (14) are respectively disposed at both ends of the light-absorbing layer (12) along the first direction (X). The first electrode layer (15) is disposed on the side of the first transmission layer (13) facing away from the light-absorbing layer (12), and the second electrode layer (16) is disposed on the side of the second transmission layer (14) facing away from the light-absorbing layer (12).

3. The solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by The solar cell module includes a plurality of the battery cells (11), at least some of the battery cells (11) are distributed sequentially along the first direction (X), and there is a space (122) between two adjacent light-absorbing layers (12).

4. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized by In two adjacent light-absorbing layers (12), each light-absorbing layer (12) has a mounting surface (121) on its side facing each other for mounting the first transmission layer (13) or the second transmission layer (14), and the receiving space (122) is formed between two adjacent mounting surfaces (121).

5. The solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized by The spacing between two adjacent mounting surfaces (121) along the first direction (X) remains constant from the direction closer to the base (10) to the direction farther from the base (10); or gradually decreases; or gradually increases.

6. The solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein The distance between two adjacent mounting surfaces (121) near the two ends of the base (10) along the first direction (X) is denoted as h1, where 0μm≤h1≤5μm.

7. The solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein The mounting surface (121) is inclined relative to the thickness direction (Y) of the base (10), and the end of the mounting surface (121) away from the base (10) is deflected relative to the end of the mounting surface (121) close to the base (10) on the side away from or towards the receiving space (122).

8. The solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized by The angle between the mounting surface (121) and the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (10) is denoted as θ, where 30°≤θ≤80°; or 90°≤θ≤120°.

9. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized by, The accommodating space (122) extends along the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (10) to the surface of the substrate (10).

10. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized by, The solar cell module includes a plurality of the housing spaces (122), at least some of the housing spaces (122) are spaced apart along the first direction (X), one of two adjacent housing spaces (122) has the first transmission layer (13) and the first electrode layer (15), and the other of two adjacent housing spaces (122) has the second transmission layer (14) and the second electrode layer (16), and the first transmission layer (13) or the second transmission layer (14) is disposed on the side facing each other of two adjacent light-absorbing layers (12).

11. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that, The light-absorbing layer (12) includes at least one of the following: a perovskite layer, a single-crystal silicon layer, a heterojunction layer of cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride, a gallium arsenide layer, a quantum dot material layer, an organic semiconductor material layer, and a copper indium gallium selenide layer.

12. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized by, The light conversion component further includes a passivation layer (19), which is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer (12) and the first transmission layer (13); and / or, the passivation layer (19) is at least partially disposed between the light-absorbing layer (12) and the second transmission layer (14).

13. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, The battery cell (11) further includes a first protective layer (17), which is provided between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer (15); and / or, the first protective layer (17) is provided between the light conversion component and the second electrode layer (16).

14. The solar cell module according to claim 13, characterized by The thickness of the first protective layer (17) between the light conversion component and the first electrode layer (15) or the second electrode layer (16) is denoted as h2, where 10nm≤h2≤50nm.

15. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, The battery cell (11) further includes a second protective layer (18) covering the surface of the light conversion component facing away from the substrate (10).

16. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein At least one of the first electrode layer (15) and the second electrode layer (16) includes a metal structure.

17. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, The solar cell module further includes a first busbar (20) and a second busbar (30), the first busbar (20) being connected to the first electrode layer (15) and the second busbar (30) being connected to the second electrode layer (16).

18. The solar cell module according to claim 17, characterized by, The solar cell module includes a plurality of the cell cells (11), at least some of the light conversion components are distributed sequentially along the first direction (X), and adjacent two light conversion components are connected by the first electrode layer (15) or the second electrode layer (16); each of the first electrode layers (15) and each of the second electrode layers (16) are alternately distributed in the first direction (X); The first busbar (20) and the second busbar (30) both extend along the first direction (X) and are respectively connected to each of the first electrode layers (15) and each of the second electrode layers (16).

19. The solar cell module according to claim 17, wherein, The solar cell module includes a plurality of the cell units (11), at least some of the light conversion components are sequentially distributed along the first direction (X), and a first electrode layer (15) and a second electrode layer (16) are connected to each other and sequentially distributed along the first direction (X) between two adjacent light conversion components; each first electrode layer (15) and each second electrode layer (16) are alternately distributed in the first direction (X); The first busbar (20) and the second busbar (30) both extend along the second direction (Z). The first busbar (20) is connected to the first electrode layer (15) located at one end of the solar cell module along the first direction (X). The second busbar (30) is connected to the second electrode layer (16) located at the other end of the solar cell module along the first direction (X). The first direction (X), the second direction (Z) and the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (10) intersect each other, and the three are not coplanar.

20. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, The solar cell module also includes a cover plate (40) and an insulating film (41), the insulating film (41) covering the surface of the light conversion module facing away from the substrate (10), and the cover plate (40) covering the surface of the insulating film (41) facing away from the light conversion module.

21. A method of manufacturing a solar cell module, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: Provide a base (10); A light conversion component is formed on at least one surface of the substrate (10) along its own thickness direction (Y); A first electrode layer (15) and a second electrode layer (16) are formed at both ends of the light conversion component along the first direction (X), wherein the first direction (X) intersects the thickness direction (Y).

22. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 21, characterized in that, The step of forming a light conversion component on a surface of the substrate (10) along its own thickness direction (Y) includes: A light-absorbing layer (12) extending in the first direction (X) is formed on one surface of the substrate (10) along its own thickness direction (Y); Lines are drawn on the light-absorbing layer (12) to form a plurality of accommodating spaces (122) spaced apart along the first direction (X); A first transmission layer (13) and a second transmission layer (14) are alternately formed in all the accommodating spaces (122), such that each light-absorbing layer (12) is provided with the first transmission layer (13) and the second transmission layer (14) at both ends along the first direction (X), wherein the light conversion component includes the light-absorbing layer (12), the first transmission layer (13) and the second transmission layer (14).

23. A photovoltaic device, characterized by The photovoltaic device includes the solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-20.

24. An electrical device, comprising: The electrical device includes a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-20.

25. A power generation device characterized by comprising: The power generation device includes a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-20.

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