Pulse power compensation method and device for passive energy storage circuit

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of bistable solenoid valve control technology, specifically disclosing a pulse power supply method and device for a passive energy storage circuit. This invention features a continuous external power supply during the steady-state maintenance phase. A hardware hysteresis comparison and threshold adjustment circuit monitors the voltage at the energy storage capacitor in real time. When the voltage drops to the first threshold, a power supply switch is activated, allowing the external power supply to provide micro-current power to the energy storage capacitor via a unidirectional conductive device. Power supply automatically stops when the voltage rises to the second threshold, and a temperature sensor enables adaptive threshold adjustment. The system also includes a dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module. The MCU's GPIO and ADC control the sampling switch in a time-sharing manner to acquire the energy storage capacitor voltage. Without increasing static power consumption, it simultaneously achieves four functions: solenoid valve coil fault diagnosis, energy storage capacitor leakage monitoring, capacitor lifespan monitoring, and power supply anomaly alarm. The power supply device is integrated with the near-zero power consumption control circuit of the bistable solenoid valve, sharing the energy storage capacitor, power interface, and system ground. The overall static power consumption meets near-zero power consumption requirements, exhibiting high reliability and versatility. It can be adapted to passive control systems of bistable solenoid valves with different voltage levels, effectively solving the problems of traditional power supply circuits, such as limited functionality, lack of monitoring and diagnostics, and insufficient reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solenoid valve control technology, and in particular to a pulse power supply method and apparatus for a passive control circuit of a bistable solenoid valve. Background Technology

[0002] Bistable solenoid valves rely on magnetic latching to achieve zero-power maintenance even when power is off, and are widely used in industrial automation, smart homes, fluid control, and other fields. Their passive energy storage and control circuit architecture typically uses an energy storage capacitor to store driving energy, relying on the capacitor voltage to ensure reliable system operation during the steady-state maintenance phase. However, the energy storage capacitor has inherent leakage current, which causes the voltage to slowly decay. If it drops below the solenoid valve's minimum driving voltage, the solenoid valve will fail to operate, and the system will become uncontrollable.

[0003] Existing technologies typically employ continuous power supply or fixed pulse compensation, but they generally suffer from the following drawbacks: 1. The power supply circuit is mostly unidirectional voltage maintenance, without dynamic sampling and fault diagnosis capabilities. It cannot identify faults such as open circuit or short circuit of solenoid valve coil, nor can it monitor capacitor leakage and aging status. 2. Most power replenishment solutions rely on complex comparators and delay circuits, resulting in redundant hardware structures, high static power consumption, and difficulty in achieving true near-zero power consumption. 3. The charging threshold is fixed and closed-loop calibration is not performed in conjunction with temperature and actual leakage current, which can easily lead to undercharging or overcharging in high-temperature environments; 4. The lifespan of the energy storage capacitor cannot be monitored, and abnormalities such as capacitor failure and incomplete charging cannot be alarmed in a timely manner, resulting in poor system operation safety and maintainability; 5. Monitoring circuits often use continuous voltage division sampling, which introduces additional static power consumption and undermines the original intention of passive near-zero power consumption design.

[0004] In summary, existing valve islands only achieve "drive output" and lack intelligent diagnostics, high integration, wide compatibility, and easy maintenance capabilities, thus failing to meet the reliable operation requirements of industrial and high-end equipment.

[0005] Furthermore, for systems employing passive energy storage and control circuit drive architectures, another core bottleneck lies in energy management. Passive control of bistable solenoid valves relies on energy storage circuits, but existing energy storage solutions generally suffer from low energy utilization, untimely power replenishment, and inability to monitor status. This directly impacts the response speed and reliability of valve island control and diagnostics. To address this technical bottleneck, the applicant has constructed a technical system of "passive triggering - intelligent power replenishment - energy efficiency optimization." This application, as the core of a series of patents on energy management, collaborates with concurrently filed applications such as "A Near-Zero Power Consumption Control Method and Controller for Bistable Solenoid Valves" and "A Multi-Channel Common Power Supply Drive and Independent Diagnostic Intelligent Valve Island Control Method and Device," aiming to provide reliable and efficient energy support for bistable solenoid valve systems, thereby constructing a complete technical closed loop from underlying energy security to upper-level intelligent control.

[0006] Based on the aforementioned industry pain points, this invention proposes a passive energy storage circuit pulse power replenishment method and device that integrates dynamic sampling and real-time monitoring. On the basis of the simplest pure hardware power replenishment architecture, it realizes fault diagnosis, leakage current monitoring, lifespan warning and abnormal alarm through time-division dynamic sampling, while maintaining the system near-zero power consumption, which has significant technical progress and engineering practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and provides a passive, near-zero power consumption pulse power replenishment method and device with dynamic sampling monitoring, fault diagnosis, and lifespan alarm. It solves the problems of traditional power replenishment circuits, such as single function, lack of diagnosis and monitoring, high power consumption, and low reliability. The power replenishment system simultaneously possesses six major functions: voltage maintenance, temperature adaptation, solenoid valve fault diagnosis, energy storage capacitor leakage monitoring, capacitor lifespan monitoring, and power replenishment anomaly alarm. Moreover, the overall structure is minimal and can be adapted to bistable solenoid valves of different voltage levels, improving the long-term operational reliability and maintainability of the system.

[0008] Technical solution I. Pulse Compensation Method for Passive Energy Storage Circuits 1. The bistable solenoid valve enters the steady-state maintenance phase, the external power supply remains continuously connected, and the system enters a near-zero power consumption standby mode; 2. The voltage at the end of the energy storage capacitor is monitored in real time by a hardware hysteresis comparator circuit, and the threshold adjustment circuit dynamically adjusts the first threshold and the second threshold according to the temperature sensor signal; 3. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor drops to the first threshold, the hysteresis comparator directly outputs a high level to turn on the electronic switch, and the external power supply replenishes the micro-current of the energy storage capacitor through the unidirectional conduction element; 4. When the voltage rises back to the second threshold, the comparator outputs a low level to turn off the switch, the power replenishment stops, and the system returns to standby mode; 5. The dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module is controlled by the MCU's GPIO to turn on the sampling switch in a time-division multiplexing manner. The ADC collects the voltage divider signal at the energy storage capacitor terminal. Normally, the switch is completely turned off, and no static power consumption is generated. 6. Implementation based on sampled voltage: (1) Voltage drop judgment within the solenoid valve drive pulse window: if the voltage drop is too small, the coil is determined to be open circuit; if it is too large, the coil is determined to be short circuit. This window refers to the drive pulse window when the energy storage capacitor is not charging or is de-energized. (2) Calculation of capacitor leakage current in steady state: calibrate the compensation threshold based on the voltage drop rate and temperature; (3) Capacitor life monitoring: If the capacitor fails to charge to the second threshold after multiple consecutive recharging cycles and the voltage decay is abnormal over a long period of time, the capacitor is determined to be faulty and an alarm is triggered; (4) Power supply abnormality alarm: if the power supply circuit fails or the charging timeout occurs, the system will enter a safety lock and output a fault flag, or the fault code will be stored in the EEPROM embedded in the MCU.

[0009] II. Pulse power supply device for passive energy storage circuits The device is integrated with the near-zero power consumption control circuit of the bistable solenoid valve, including: 1. Power interface unit: Enables reverse connection protection, overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, AC / DC compatibility, and continuous power supply during steady-state maintenance. 2. Energy storage capacitor Cx: connected to the power interface via unidirectional conductive diode D3, used to store the energy driving the solenoid valve; 3. Voltage detection and threshold adjustment module: includes a hardware hysteresis comparator, a temperature sensor Rt, and a threshold adjustment circuit, which dynamically adjusts the compensation threshold according to the temperature; 4. Electronic switch module: Composed of MOSFETs and driver transistors, directly controlled by a hysteresis comparator to realize the switching on and off of the micro-current compensation channel; 5. Dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module 306: composed of a high-voltage sampling resistor, a sampling switch transistor, a current-limiting resistor, and an ADC sampling resistor; (1) Energy storage capacitor positive terminal → sampling resistor → sampling switch → current limiting resistor → GND; (2) Sampling node → ADC resistor → ADC pin of MCU; (3) Sampling switch control electrode → drive resistor → MCU GPIO pin; (4) Achieve time-division sampling and zero static power consumption; 6. Polarity switching output unit H-bridge: connects the energy storage capacitor and the solenoid valve coil X1 / X2, receives drive pulse signals, and performs valve core state switching; 7. Control Logic Unit: Includes MCU module, DC-DC step-down, power monitoring module, and storage unit, realizing sampling control, fault diagnosis, alarm, fault storage and safety lock; it also realizes power-on and power-off monitoring and outputs corresponding pulse signals to control the valve core switching of the solenoid valve in the H-bridge circuit.

[0010] 8. Associated modules share energy storage capacitors, power interfaces, and system ground, and the high-voltage drive and low-voltage control are electrically isolated.

[0011] Synergistic Explanation of the Series of Patent Technology Systems The adaptive pulse power supply technology proposed in this invention provides an efficient and reliable energy solution for the passive control of bistable solenoid valves, and forms a systematic synergy with the series of patented technologies developed by the applicant to jointly enhance the intelligence and reliability of the overall system. (1) Linkage with "A Near-Zero Power Consumption Control Method and Controller for a Bistable Solenoid Valve": The adaptive pulse power replenishment strategy provided by this invention can dynamically adjust the power replenishment threshold and timing according to the control requirements of the solenoid valve (such as operating frequency and holding time). When the control strategy of this series of patents switches to deep sleep or a specific drive mode, the power replenishment unit of this invention can adjust its operating parameters accordingly to achieve refined on-demand energy allocation and consumption optimization, and jointly build a highly efficient and energy-saving control system.

[0012] (2) Integration with "A Smart Valve Island Control Method and Device with Multi-channel Common Power Supply Drive and Independent Diagnosis": The energy storage circuit of this invention (such as...) Figure 1 The Cx in the figure can serve as a common or auxiliary energy buffer unit in the intelligent valve island common power supply system. When there are transient fluctuations in the external power supply or multiple valves operate simultaneously, this energy storage unit can effectively smooth out load impacts and provide stable local power support for the control and diagnostic modules of the valve island, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire multi-channel system under complex operating conditions.

[0013] (3) In conjunction with "A Bistable Solenoid Valve Fault Diagnosis Method and Device": The real-time monitoring of the dynamic voltage change characteristics of the energy storage circuit in this invention (such as the drop waveform of Cx_v+ before and after driving) can be provided to the fault diagnosis module in the series of patents as an important auxiliary diagnostic parameter. These voltage fluctuation characteristics, combined with the current fingerprint data in the diagnostic patent, can achieve cross-verification of multiple physical quantities, jointly improving the accuracy of comprehensive diagnosis and early warning of coil open circuit, short circuit, inter-turn short circuit and energy storage medium aging, forming a more comprehensive system health assessment system.

[0014] Beneficial effects 1. Pure hardware minimal power-up architecture: It directly drives the switching transistor using only a hysteresis comparator, without any redundant comparators or delay circuits, resulting in the simplest structure and the highest reliability; 2. Truly near-zero power consumption: The dynamic sampling module only turns on during sampling and has no static current under normal conditions, resulting in extremely low overall standby power consumption; 3. Temperature-adaptive voltage compensation: The threshold is automatically adjusted according to the temperature, and the voltage can still be reliably maintained when the leakage current increases at high temperatures; 4. Quadruple monitoring and diagnostic functions: open circuit / short circuit fault diagnosis of solenoid valve coil; real-time monitoring of leakage current of energy storage capacitor and closed-loop calibration of power replenishment; alarm for capacitor aging / failure / end of life; protection and locking for abnormal power replenishment and incomplete charging; 5. Extremely versatile: It is not limited to specific voltage values ​​and can cover solenoid valves of all voltage levels such as DC6V / 12V / 24V. The power interface unit is equipped with rectification, filtering and DC step-down chips, which can realize the full range of AC solenoid valves. 6. Integrated design: It can be installed in a standard solenoid valve junction box, directly replacing the traditional drive module, and has strong engineering feasibility; 7. Comprehensive safety features: Equipped with fault alarms, failure lockout, and abnormal power failure protection, significantly improving system safety and lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1. Block diagram of the integrated structure of the passive energy storage pulse power supply device and the bistable solenoid valve control circuit of the present invention. 100 Power interface unit, Va, Vb external power input terminals, 300 Pulse power supply unit, 301 Electronic switch module, 303 Threshold adjustment module, 306 Dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module, 302 Voltage detection and threshold adjustment module, 400 Polarity switching output unit (H bridge), 500 Control logic unit, Cx energy storage capacitor, Cx_v+ positive terminal voltage of energy storage capacitor, D3 unidirectional conductive diode, Rt temperature sensor, X1, X2 solenoid valve coil interface, GND system common ground.

[0016] The description includes a 300-pulse power replenishment unit (comprising an electronic switch module 301, a voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302, and a threshold adjustment module 303) and a 500-control logic unit (comprising an MCU module 501, a power monitoring module 502, and a DC-DC module 503). Detailed Implementation

[0017] Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment provides a pulse power supply device and control method for a passive energy storage circuit, which is integrated with the near-zero power consumption control circuit of a bistable solenoid valve and is suitable for a DC-powered passive control system for a bistable solenoid valve.

[0018] 1. System Overall Structure This device includes: a power interface unit 100, a pulse power supply unit 300, a dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module 306, a polarity switching output unit 400, a control logic unit 500, an energy storage capacitor Cx, a unidirectional conductive diode D3, and a temperature sensor Rt.

[0019] The pulse power supply unit 300 includes: an electronic switch module 301, a voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302, and a threshold adjustment circuit 303.

[0020] The dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module 306 consists of a sampling resistor, a switching transistor, and a current-limiting resistor, and is controlled by the GPIO and ADC of the control logic unit 500 in a time-division manner.

[0021] The polarity switching output unit 400 is an H-bridge circuit, which connects the energy storage capacitor Cx to the solenoid valve coils X1 and X2, and is connected to the pulse drive signals CT1 & CT2 of the control logic unit.

[0022] The control logic unit 500 includes an MCU module, a DC-DC step-down circuit, and a storage unit, which realizes control, sampling, diagnosis, protection and alarm, as well as the output of drive pulses.

[0023] 2. Electrical Connections (1) Power supply and energy storage circuit External power supplies Va and Vb are connected to the system through power interface unit 100; The output terminal of the power interface unit 100 is connected to the electronic switch module 301, and then connected to the anode of the unidirectional conductive diode D3; the cathode of D3 is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx; the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx is connected to GND.

[0024] D3 is used to prevent the energy of the energy storage capacitor Cx from flowing back to the power supply side.

[0025] (2) Pulse compensation circuit The input terminal of the voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302 is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx through a series resistor; The output terminal Vp of the voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302 is connected to the control terminal Vc of the electronic switch module 301; The input terminal of the electronic switch module 301 is connected to the output bus V1 of the power interface unit 100; The output terminal of the electronic switch module 301 is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx via D3.

[0026] When the positive voltage of the energy storage capacitor Cx is lower than the first threshold voltage, the electronic switch module 301 is turned on, and the external power supply bus provides micro-current to Cx; when the positive voltage of the energy storage capacitor Cx is higher than the second threshold voltage, the electronic switch module 301 is turned off, and the power supply stops.

[0027] (3) Threshold adjustment circuit The threshold adjustment circuit 303 consists of a temperature sensor Rt and a voltage divider network; the temperature sensor Rt changes the voltage at the voltage divider point according to the ambient temperature. The voltage divider point output is connected to the reference voltage terminal of the voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302 to achieve adaptive threshold temperature adjustment.

[0028] Furthermore, this embodiment achieves temperature compensation by directly adjusting the comparator's reference voltage (Vref) at the hardware level using a thermistor (Rt) and a resistor divider network. In another feasible approach, the temperature compensation function can also be implemented by the MCU through software. For example, the MCU can read the signal from an independent temperature sensor (such as the DS18B20) via GPIO, and then dynamically adjust the software threshold used to determine voltage levels based on a pre-stored 'temperature-compensation threshold' lookup table or calculation formula. This combined hardware and software compensation method can also achieve the effect of suppressing temperature drift and improving system stability.

[0029] (4) Dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module 306 The positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx is connected to the collector (drain of the MOSFET) of the sampling switch transistor through a current-limiting resistor. The emitter (source) of the sampling switch transistor is grounded through a sampling resistor; The base (gate) of the sampling switch is connected to the GPIO of the control logic unit 500 through a drive resistor; The sampling point is connected to the ADC pin of the control logic unit 500 through a sampling resistor.

[0030] Sampling is performed only when the GPIO is enabled, and there is no static power consumption under normal conditions.

[0031] In this embodiment, the time-division sampling circuit controls the on / off state of an NPN transistor (Q3) through a GPIO port of the MCU, thereby controlling the pull-down circuit of the sampling resistor (R21). This is not the only implementation method.

[0032] Equivalent replacement of switching devices: Switch Q2 can be replaced with a P-channel MOSFET, an N-channel MOSFET, a relay, or any other controlled electronic switch. Its connection position can also be adjusted; for example, if a P-MOS is used, it can be connected in series between the high-voltage side and the voltage divider resistor, with the source-drain switching controlled by the MCU.

[0033] Expansion of sampling objects: Although this scheme takes the positive voltage of the energy storage capacitor (Cx) as an example, those skilled in the art will understand that the sampling circuit can also be designed to measure the differential voltage across the capacitor, or to obtain the voltage information of the capacitor through other indirect methods (such as sampling the voltage drop across a small resistor connected in series with the capacitor). As long as the core is 'to achieve intermittent sampling through a controlled switch to reduce power consumption', it falls under the concept of this invention.

[0034] (5) Polarity switching output unit (H bridge) The positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor Cx is connected to the high-voltage input terminal of the H-bridge; the two outputs of the H-bridge are connected to the solenoid valve coils X1 and X2 respectively; the H-bridge is controlled by the control logic unit 500 to realize the switching of the coil current direction.

[0035] (6) Control logic unit The control logic unit 500 consists of a DC-DC module that mainly steps down the voltage from V1 to the low voltage VCC to power the MCU module, and a power monitoring module that mainly monitors power on and power off, and outputs a power off signal to the MCU module when power off is detected. MCU module: connects to ADC, GPIO, H-bridge driver, dynamic sampling module, power monitoring module, and fault storage unit.

[0036] 3. Work Process (1) Steady-state maintenance: The external power supply is kept connected, and the system is in near-zero power consumption standby mode; the energy storage capacitor Cx maintains the voltage and stores energy for the operation of the solenoid valve.

[0037] (2) Pulse compensation process The voltage detection and threshold adjustment module 302 monitors the Cx voltage in real time; When the voltage drops to the first threshold, the module outputs a high level, and the electronic switch module 301 is turned on; The external power bus supplies a micro-current to Cx via an electronic switch; When the voltage rises to the second threshold, the electronic switch turns off, and the power supply stops.

[0038] The threshold adjustment circuit 303 automatically adjusts the threshold according to the temperature Rt, and reduces the hysteresis window at high temperatures.

[0039] (3) Dynamic sampling and real-time monitoring (module 306) The MCU turns on the sampling switch via GPIO, the ADC reads the voltage divider value of Cx, and immediately turns off the switch after completion.

[0040] It achieves three main functions: ① Solenoid valve fault diagnosis During the drive pulse time, if the Cx voltage drops below the set threshold, the coil is determined to be open-circuited; if the voltage drops too much, the coil is determined to be short-circuited; the MCU records the fault and issues an alarm.

[0041] Furthermore, the "set threshold" or "preset threshold" used for fault diagnosis includes an open-circuit threshold (corresponding to an open circuit) and a short-circuit threshold (corresponding to a short circuit). Their specific values ​​need to be determined through calibration experiments during specific product development based on the electrical characteristics of the bistable solenoid valve coil, the capacity of the energy storage capacitor, and the system's equivalent impedance, and then stored in the MCU's non-volatile memory. Typically, the open-circuit threshold is set as a certain percentage of the expected lower limit of voltage drop during normal operation, used to identify abnormalities such as a blocked current loop; the short-circuit threshold is set as a certain multiple of the expected upper limit of voltage drop during normal operation, used to identify short circuits with excessive current or abnormal conduction. The diagnostic method described in this invention does not rely on absolute threshold values, but rather provides a universal diagnostic logic based on voltage drop comparison, enabling the device to flexibly adapt to different models of solenoid valves.

[0042] ② Energy storage capacitor leakage monitoring The MCU calculates the voltage drop rate by sampling and, combined with temperature, automatically calibrates the charging threshold. Simultaneously, each sampled leakage rate data is compared with the previously stored data in the EEPROM; data with a large offset is saved. If multiple sets of data appear over a long period, the algorithm determines the performance degradation of the energy storage capacitor.

[0043] ③ Capacitor lifespan and charging abnormality alarm If multiple attempts to replenish power fail to reach the second threshold; or if charging for an extended period fails to fully charge; or if the leakage rate shows a significant increasing trend; If the capacitor is determined to be aging, degraded, or failed, the MCU will output an alarm and enter a safety lockout.

[0044] (4) Solenoid valve drive The control logic unit 500 outputs a signal to control the H-bridge; the energy storage capacitor Cx releases energy to drive the coil to complete the valve core state switching.

[0045] 4. Core Concept and Application Prospects of the Invention Those skilled in the art should understand that although the embodiments of the present invention are described with the passive control circuit of a bistable solenoid valve as a specific application scenario, the core technical innovation of the present invention lies in proposing a complete methodology for "intelligent maintenance and system diagnosis of energy storage units based on near-zero power consumption dynamic sampling and hardware closed loop".

[0046] This core concept can be broken down into a combination of three levels of technical modules: 1. Near-zero power consumption maintenance mechanism: A hardware hysteresis comparator is used to achieve pure hardware voltage monitoring and power-up triggering with no static power consumption.

[0047] 2. Intelligent health diagnosis mechanism: Through time-division dynamic sampling controlled by MCU, the status diagnosis of driven loads (such as solenoid valve coils) and the performance degradation monitoring of energy storage components (such as capacitors) can be realized without increasing static power consumption.

[0048] 3. Adaptive closed-loop control mechanism: Based on diagnostic results (such as leakage current magnitude and temperature), the operating parameters (such as the power replenishment threshold) are automatically adjusted to form a self-optimizing closed-loop system.

[0049] Based on the above core concept, the technical solution of this invention can naturally be extended to other technical fields with similar "energy storage-maintenance-intermittent operation" characteristics, such as, but not limited to: • Low-power Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes: Many sensors powered by batteries or energy harvesting technologies rely on energy storage capacitors (or supercapacitors) to maintain critical circuit voltages during sleep and to acquire and transmit data upon waking. The solution of this invention enables real-time monitoring of capacitor health and system power supply reliability with almost no increase in power consumption.

[0050] • Smart metering instruments (water meters, gas meters, heat meters): These instruments operate in a very low-power sleep state for extended periods, relying on batteries or capacitors to maintain their real-time clock and memory, requiring extremely high reliability. This invention provides them with lifespan prediction and fault warning functions for capacitor backup power.

[0051] • Other pulse-energy driven actuators: Apart from bistable solenoid valves, such as pulse relays, micromotors, and piezoelectric ceramic actuators, all operate under the mode of "capacitor energy storage → instantaneous energy release for drive → long-term maintenance". The diagnostic and maintenance architecture provided by this invention is also applicable.

[0052] Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention should not be construed as limited to the specific circuit connection shown in the accompanying drawings, but should cover the technical solutions that apply the core concept of "near-zero power dynamic sampling monitoring and closed-loop maintenance" to various electronic devices that require maintenance of energy storage units and monitoring of system health status.

Claims

1. A pulse power compensation method for a passive energy storage circuit, applied to a bistable solenoid valve control system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. When the bistable solenoid valve enters the steady-state maintenance phase, the external power supply remains continuously connected, and the system enters a near-zero power standby state; b. The voltage at the end of the energy storage capacitor is monitored in real time by the voltage detection and threshold adjustment module, and the threshold adjustment circuit dynamically adjusts the charging threshold according to the ambient temperature collected by the temperature sensor. c. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor drops to the first threshold, the voltage detection module directly drives the electronic switch to turn on, and a micro-current is output from the external power bus to the energy storage capacitor through a unidirectional conductive device for supplementary charging. d. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor rises back to the second threshold, the electronic switch is turned off, and the power replenishment stops; e. The control logic unit uses a dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module to collect the terminal voltage of the energy storage capacitor in a time-sharing manner, thereby realizing solenoid valve fault diagnosis, energy storage capacitor leakage monitoring, capacitor life monitoring, and abnormal power replenishment alarm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling process of the dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module is controlled by the MCU's GPIO to turn on the sampling switch, and the voltage acquisition is completed by the ADC. After the sampling is completed, the switch is immediately turned off, without generating static power consumption.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solenoid valve fault diagnosis includes: if the voltage drop of the energy storage capacitor is less than the preset threshold within the solenoid valve drive pulse window, the coil is determined to be in an open circuit or disconnected state; if the voltage drop is greater than the preset threshold, the coil is determined to be short circuit or abnormally conducting.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Energy storage capacitor leakage monitoring includes: adjusting the first and second thresholds of pulse power replenishment in real time based on the voltage drop rate obtained by dynamic sampling and combined with temperature sensor data, to achieve closed-loop calibration of the power replenishment logic.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Capacitor life monitoring includes: if the energy storage capacitor voltage still cannot reach the second threshold after multiple consecutive recharging, or cannot be fully charged after a long period of charging, or if the leakage rate shows a significant increasing trend, then the capacitor capacity is determined to be degraded or failed, the MCU outputs an alarm and enters a safety lockout state.

6. A pulse power supply device for a passive energy storage circuit, integrated with a near-zero power consumption control circuit for a bistable solenoid valve, characterized in that, include: a. Power interface unit, used to connect to an external power source and implement protection; during the steady-state maintenance phase, the external power source remains continuously connected. b. Energy storage capacitor, connected to the power interface unit via a unidirectional conductive diode, is used to store the energy driving the solenoid valve; c. Pulse power compensation unit, including voltage detection and threshold adjustment module, electronic switch module, threshold adjustment circuit and temperature sensor; d. The dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module consists of a sampling resistor, a sampling switch, and a current-limiting resistor. Its input terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor, the sampling control terminal is connected to the GPIO of the MCU, and the sampling output terminal is connected to the ADC of the MCU. e. The polarity switching output unit is an H-bridge circuit that connects the energy storage capacitor and the solenoid valve coil; f. Control logic unit, including MCU module, power monitoring module, DC-DC module and storage unit, to realize power replenishment control, sampling control, pulse output, fault diagnosis and alarm.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connection of the dynamic sampling real-time monitoring module is as follows: the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the sampling switch transistor via a current-limiting resistor; the output terminal of the sampling switch transistor is grounded via a sampling resistor; the control terminal of the sampling switch transistor is connected to the GPIO of the MCU via a drive resistor. The sampling points are connected to the MCU's ADC via resistors.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage detection and threshold adjustment module directly drives the electronic switch module, without additional comparators or RC delay networks, making it a pure hardware direct control structure.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The replenishing energy comes from the external power bus, not from the energy storage capacitor itself; when the electronic switch is turned on, the power supply replenishes the energy storage capacitor.

10. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device shares an energy storage capacitor, a power interface, and a system ground with the bistable solenoid valve control circuit, and can be integrated into the standard junction box of the solenoid valve.

Images