A multi-module fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-module fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument, and relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection equipment; the following scheme is provided, which comprises a plurality of independent thermal cycle modules, each of which is provided with an independent uniform temperature plate and a heating and heat dissipation mechanism and is used for independently running a PCR program; further comprising a multi-module heat insulation seat, the multi-module heat insulation seat is provided with a plurality of independent cavities corresponding to the plurality of thermal cycle modules, and a heat insulation structure is arranged between adjacent cavities; a partition plate structure for separating the cavity into a heat management cavity and an exhaust management cavity is arranged in each independent cavity, and a ventilation opening is arranged between the heat management cavity and the exhaust management cavity; a movable air volume adjusting piece is arranged in the exhaust management cavity. Through the hollow region arranged between the adjacent cavities on the multi-module heat insulation seat, an effective physical heat insulation barrier is formed, heat conduction and thermal interference between adjacent thermal cycle modules are significantly reduced, and the accuracy and repeatability of PCR amplification results are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nucleic acid detection equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-module fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument. Background Technology

[0002] PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a molecular biology technique used to amplify and detect specific DNA fragments. Quantitative real-time PCR instruments add fluorescent groups to the PCR reaction system and use the accumulation of fluorescence signals to monitor the entire amplification process in real time, thereby achieving quantitative analysis of the initial template.

[0003] Currently, real-time PCR instruments on the market are mainly divided into two categories: one is a single-module high-throughput device, in which all sample wells share a single temperature control module and can only run a single PCR program; the other is a device equipped with multiple independent modules, each of which can run different PCR programs independently.

[0004] However, while existing multi-module PCR instruments have solved the problem of parallel processing, they still have the following technical shortcomings in practical applications: Firstly, when multi-module devices are in operation, the heating and cooling processes of each module generate a large amount of heat. Since the modules are usually separated only by simple metal partitions, the heat can easily interfere with each other between adjacent modules through conduction, convection and radiation, affecting the accuracy and repeatability of amplification results.

[0005] Secondly, in scenarios where multiple modules operate independently, one module generates a large amount of waste heat during the cooling phase, which is usually directly discharged into the surrounding environment through a cooling fan; while another module in the heating phase needs to consume electrical energy to generate heat. This "heat dissipation and heating at the same time" mode results in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems; To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a multi-module real-time PCR instrument, comprising multiple independent thermal cycling modules, each thermal cycling module having an independent temperature plate and heating and heat dissipation mechanism for independently running PCR programs; It also includes a multi-mode heat insulation base, which has multiple independent chambers that correspond one-to-one with multiple heat circulation modules, and heat insulation structures are provided between adjacent chambers; Each independent chamber is equipped with a partition structure that divides the chamber into a thermal management chamber and an exhaust management chamber, and a ventilation opening is provided between the thermal management chamber and the exhaust management chamber; The exhaust management chamber is equipped with a movable air volume regulator to control the airflow path within the exhaust management chamber. The exhaust management chambers and heat management chambers of multiple heat circulation modules are interconnected through a duct network, so that the airflow discharged from any module can be guided to the air inlet side of other modules. The air inlet of the air duct network is equipped with an automatic airflow switching unit, which automatically switches between connecting to the external atmosphere or connecting to the air duct network according to the air pressure status in the air duct.

[0007] Preferably, the thermal insulation structure is a hollow area between adjacent independent chambers, and the hollow area is an air layer or filled with thermal insulation material.

[0008] Preferably, the heating and heat dissipation mechanism includes a PTC ceramic heating element and heat dissipation fins sequentially attached below the heat spreader, and a heat dissipation fan disposed below the heat dissipation fins.

[0009] Preferably, the air volume regulating component includes a valve drawer that is slidably and sealingly connected to the exhaust management chamber, and the valve drawer is provided with a ventilation groove; The partition structure includes a second partition, on which a second ventilation groove is provided. When the valve drawer slides, the first ventilation groove and the second ventilation groove can be misaligned or aligned.

[0010] Preferably, follower valve plates are hinged to both sides of the valve drawer; The partition structure also includes a partition 1, which is provided with a limiting shaft that cooperates with the follower valve plate. A torsion spring is provided at the hinge between the follower valve plate and the valve drawer. A lever extending out of the multi-mode heat insulation seat is also provided on the valve drawer.

[0011] Preferably, the automatic airflow switching unit includes a dynamic ventilation hood installed at the air inlet end. The dynamic ventilation hood includes a hood body and a ventilation valve plate hinged to the hood body. A ventilation slot 3 communicating with the outside atmosphere is provided on the hood body. The connection port between the air duct network and the hood body is located on the side of the ventilation valve plate.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation valves of the multiple dynamic ventilation hoods are synchronized through a linkage mechanism, which includes a synchronizing rod and a connecting rod hinged between the synchronizing rod and the hinge shaft of the ventilation valve.

[0013] Preferably, the air duct network includes irregularly shaped pipe groups that connect the exhaust port of the exhaust management chamber of any heat circulation module to the air inlet of the heat management chamber of at least one other heat circulation module.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a control motherboard, which includes a temperature control module and a drive module. The temperature control module is electrically connected to the heating and heat dissipation mechanism of each heat circulation module and is used to independently control the temperature of each heat exchanger. The drive module is electrically connected to the external drive mechanism of the drive airflow regulator and is used to control the airflow discharge path according to the temperature status of each heat circulation module.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a housing and an interactive touch screen. The multi-mode heat insulation seat is embedded and fixed in the sample area of ​​the housing. A heat cover for covering the heat exchange plate is rotatably connected to the housing. The interactive touch screen is embedded on the surface of the housing and electrically connected to the control motherboard.

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The hollow area set between adjacent chambers on the multi-mode heat insulation seat forms an effective physical heat insulation barrier, which significantly reduces heat conduction and thermal interference between adjacent thermal cycling modules, and improves the accuracy and repeatability of PCR amplification results; 2. Through the linkage structure composed of valve drawer, follow-up valve plate and lever, combined with the interconnected air duct network constructed by irregular tube group, the directional scheduling of exhaust airflow between modules is realized. When a module is in the cooling and heat dissipation state, the hot air it exhausts can be guided to another module that needs to be heated, realizing the effective reuse of waste heat, reducing the overall energy consumption, and alleviating the problem of ambient temperature rise inside the instrument. 3. By using the dynamic ventilation hood to automatically switch between internal and external air sources using negative air pressure, the internal circulating air and external natural air can be automatically and seamlessly switched without additional valves and control systems. This simplifies the air duct switching mechanism, saves space, and ensures that each module can independently rely on external air for heat dissipation when there is no need for heat exchange, making the overall structure more compact and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-module fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument with the hot cover in the open state. Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a multi-module heat-insulating base for a multi-module quantitative PCR instrument. Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-module heat insulation base for a multi-module quantitative PCR instrument. Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the multi-mode heat insulation seat of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument provided by the present invention; Figure 6This invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the valve drawer of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument. Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-modal heat-insulating base of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the dynamic ventilation hood explosion structure of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument. Figure 9 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the air exchange valve plate of a multi-module fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument. Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a multi-module real-time PCR instrument provided by the present invention. Attached image description: 10. Outer casing; 11. Heated cap; 12. Sample area; 13. Interactive touchscreen; 20. Heat spreader; 21. PTC ceramic heating element; 22. Heat sink fins; 23. Cooling fan; 30. Multi-mode heat insulation seat; 301. Thermal management cavity; 302. Exhaust management cavity; 31. Hollow heat insulation frame; 311. Hollow area; 32. Side sealing plate; 321. Air inlet; 322. Air outlet; 33. Top cover plate; 34. Partition 1; 341. Limiting shaft; 35. Partition 2; 351. Ventilation slot 2; 36. Valve drawer; 361. Follow-up valve plate; 362. Torsion spring; 363. Toggle lever; 364. Ventilation slot 1; 40. Irregularly shaped pipe assemblies; 50. Dynamic ventilation hood; 51. Hood body; 511. Ventilation slot three; 52. Ventilation valve plate; 53. Synchronizing rod; 531. Connecting rod; 60. Light-emitting part; 70. Collection Department; 80. Control motherboard; Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following description is exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure, application, or use; it should be understood that in all these figures, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar parts and features; the figures only schematically illustrate the concept and principles of embodiments of the disclosure and do not necessarily show the specific dimensions and scale of the various embodiments of the disclosure; specific details or structures of embodiments of the disclosure may be exaggerated in certain parts of certain figures. Example 1, see Figures 1-10As shown, a multi-module real-time PCR instrument includes a shell 10, a heated cover 11, a sample area 12, an interactive touch screen 13, multiple temperature plates 20, a PTC ceramic heating element 21, heat dissipation fins 22, a cooling fan 23, a multi-mode heat insulation base 30, a shaped tube assembly 40, a dynamic ventilation hood 50, a light-emitting part 60, a collection part 70, and a control motherboard 80. The outer shell 10 forms the support and protection structure of the entire instrument. An interactive touch screen 13 is embedded on the surface of the outer shell 10 for users to input operation commands and display information such as instrument operating status, amplification curve and detection results in real time. A sample area 12 for accommodating samples is opened on the upper surface of the outer shell 10. A multi-mode heat insulation seat 30 is embedded and fixed in the sample area 12. Multiple heat-equalizing plates 20 are embedded on the multi-mode heat insulation seat 30. In this embodiment, the number of heat-equalizing plates 20 is preferably three, arranged in a straight line, corresponding to three independently operating PCR reaction modules, such as module A, module B and module C. The rear end of the heat cover 11 is rotatably connected to the outer shell 10. When the front end of the heat cover 11 is pressed down, the heat cover 11 can tightly cover the top of the multiple heat-equalizing plates 20, which is used to heat the tube cap during the PCR reaction to prevent the liquid inside the tube from condensing. The light-emitting part 60 and the collection part 70 constitute the optical detection system of the present invention. The light-emitting part 60 may include multiple LED light sources of different wavelengths and their corresponding excitation filters to provide excitation light of a specific wavelength. The collection part 70 may include a high-sensitivity CMOS camera or CCD sensor and a corresponding emission filter wheel to collect the fluorescence signal generated during the PCR reaction. The light-emitting part 60 and the collection part 70 are both fixedly installed in the housing 10 and located on the side above the multimode heat insulation seat 30. Their optical path design needs to ensure that they can respectively illuminate the sample holes on the three different heat spreaders 20. For example, the light-emitting part 60 and the collection part 70 guide the optical path to each heat spreader 20 through a reflector group (not shown in the figure) and collect its fluorescence signal. Since the three modules work independently, the optical system can achieve time-division multiplexing detection of different modules by mechanical switching, such as by a reflector group, or by using a large field-of-view camera combined with an image recognition algorithm. The control motherboard 80 includes a power management module, a main processor, a memory, and a communication module. The power management module is responsible for converting external power into stable voltage and current required by the internal components of the instrument. The main processor, such as an ARM Cortex series or a higher performance processor, is responsible for running the embedded operating system and PCR analysis software, processing user interaction commands, and coordinating the work of various modules. The memory is used to store the operating system, application programs, user settings, and raw and result data generated during the experiment. The communication module, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or USB, is used for data exchange with external devices, such as computers and LIMS systems. The interactive touchscreen 13 is connected to the main processor and displays information such as the current temperature curve, amplification curve, number of cycles, and instrument status of the three independent modules in real time. Users can set independent PCR programs for each module through the touchscreen, such as denaturation temperature, annealing temperature, extension temperature, and number of cycles, and start or stop the operation of any module. The fluorescence image data collected by the acquisition unit 70 is processed by the image processing and analysis algorithm in the main processor to calculate the Ct value and quantitative results of each reaction well, which are then displayed on the screen or exported through the communication module. The heating cap 11 is locked in a conventional manner, and the heating method of the heating cap 11, the interactive touchscreen 13, the light-emitting unit 60, the acquisition unit 70, and the control motherboard 80 are all known and publicly disclosed technologies, which will not be elaborated on here, nor will they be specifically limited.

[0020] Furthermore, each heat spreader 20 is sequentially fitted with a PTC ceramic heating element 21, a heat dissipation fin 22, and a cooling fan 23 below it. That is, each independent PCR reaction module has an independent set of heating and cooling actuators. The PTC ceramic heating element 21 serves as a heat source for rapidly heating the heat spreader 20. The heat dissipation fins 22 and the cooling fan 23 are used to quickly dissipate heat from the back of the PTC ceramic heating element 21 when cooling or refrigeration is required. All PTC ceramic heating elements 21 and cooling fans 23 are electrically connected to the control motherboard 80, which independently controls them according to the preset program and real-time temperature feedback data.

[0021] The multi-mode heat insulation base 30 includes a hollow heat insulation frame 31 and side sealing plates 32 fixed on both sides of the hollow heat insulation frame 31. A top cover plate 33 is fixed on the top. The hollow heat insulation frame 31 is bent to form multiple independent chambers that correspond one-to-one with the number of heat distribution plates 20. In this embodiment, there are three chambers. A hollow area 311 is provided between two adjacent chambers. The hollow area 311 contains an air layer, forming an effective physical heat insulation barrier, which can significantly reduce heat conduction and heat interference between adjacent heat circulation modules. In some embodiments, the hollow area 311 can also be filled with heat insulation material. Each independent chamber is fixed with partition 34 and partition 35. Partition 34 and partition 35 divide each independent chamber into upper and lower layers. The upper layer is the heat management chamber 301 and the lower layer is the exhaust management chamber 302. The heat spreader 20, PTC ceramic heating element 21, heat dissipation fins 22 and heat dissipation fan 23 are all installed in the heat management chamber 301. The upper surface of partition 34 has a through-hole for ventilation, so that the heat management chamber 301 and the exhaust management chamber 302 can be connected by gas through the ventilation. In each independent chamber of the exhaust management chamber 302, a valve drawer 36 is slidably and sealed. The valve drawer 36 is generally rectangular frame structure. A ventilation slot 364 is opened through the side of the valve drawer that is in contact with the partition 35. A ventilation slot 351 is opened at the corresponding position of the partition 35. When the valve drawer 36 slides in the exhaust management chamber 302, the ventilation slot 364 and the ventilation slot 351 can be relatively displaced, thereby achieving misalignment or alignment, and thus controlling whether the airflow from the heat management chamber 301 is directly discharged to the outside or enters the subsequent irregular pipe group 40.

[0022] Specifically, both sides of the valve drawer 36 are hinged with follower valve plates 361. Specifically, each side is hinged with a pair of follower valve plates 361, and the hinge point is located in the middle of the side wall of the valve drawer 36. This design allows the follower valve plates 361 to generate a large opening and closing angle under the action of external limiting members when the sliding displacement of the valve drawer 36 is very small. A limiting shaft 341 is fixedly fixedly provided on the lower surface of the partition 34, and the position of the limiting shaft 341 corresponds to the follower valve plates 361, used to push against the follower valve plates 361 when the valve drawer 36 slides. Each follower... Torsion springs 362 are installed at the hinges of the moving valve plate 361 and the valve drawer 36. The torsion springs 362 provide continuous reset force for the moving valve plate 361, so that it remains closed when no external force is applied. A lever 363 is also fixed on the side of the valve drawer 36. The lever 363 passes through the hollow area 311 of the hollow heat insulation frame 31 and extends to the outside of the multi-mode heat insulation seat 30. By moving the lever 363 through an external drive mechanism, the valve drawer 36 can be driven to slide linearly in the exhaust management cavity 302. The external drive mechanism is, for example, a small linear stepper motor or an electromagnetic push rod.

[0023] For example, when the lever 363 drives the valve drawer 36 to slide to the left, the pair of follower valve plates 361 on the right side of the valve drawer 36 will contact the limiting shaft 341 on the lower surface of the partition 34 and be pushed outward to open, while the pair of follower valve plates 361 on the left side, being far away from the limiting shaft 341, remain closed under the action of the torsion spring 362. At this time, the airflow from the heat management chamber 301 through the partition 34 into the exhaust management chamber 302 will be guided to the side of the open follower valve plate 361 on the right side, and then flow into the irregular tube group 40 connected to that side. Conversely, when the valve drawer 36 slides to the right, the left follower valve plate 361 opens and the right side closes, and the airflow flows to the right. When the valve drawer 36 is in the middle position, both follower valve plates 361 are closed, and the airflow is directly discharged to the outside through the ventilation slot 364 on the valve drawer 36 and the ventilation slot 351 on the partition 35. Thus, the direction of the exhaust airflow of the three independent modules can be independently controlled through a simple sliding structure.

[0024] On the side of the side sealing plate 32, corresponding to the positions of the heat management chamber 301 and the exhaust management chamber 302 of each independent chamber, air inlets 321 and exhaust outlets 322 are respectively provided. The heat management chambers 301 and exhaust management chambers 302 where the multiple heat spreaders 20 are located are interconnected through the irregularly shaped pipe group 40 and the dynamic ventilation hood 50, forming a closed-loop or semi-closed-loop airflow circulation network. Taking three independent modules A, B, and C as an example, their connection relationship is set as follows: the exhaust outlets 322 on both sides of the exhaust management chamber 302 of module A are respectively connected to the module through the irregularly shaped pipe group 40 and the dynamic ventilation hood 50. The air inlets 321 of modules B and C are connected. Similarly, the exhaust outlet 322 of module B is connected to the air inlets 321 of modules A and C respectively. The exhaust outlet 322 of module C is connected to the air inlets 321 of modules A and B respectively. In this way, a heat exchange and utilization network is constructed in which "the exhaust of A can be used to supply air to B and C, the exhaust of B can be used to supply air to A and C, and the exhaust of C can be used to supply air to A and B". When a module needs to be heated but its own heat dissipation fins 22 are at a low temperature, hot air from another module that is cooling and dissipating heat can be introduced, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and balancing the overall temperature.

[0025] To facilitate the replenishment and switching of external natural wind, this embodiment provides a dynamic ventilation hood 50 at each air inlet 321. The dynamic ventilation hood 50 includes a hood body 51, ventilation valves 52, and a synchronizing rod 53. The hood body 51 is fixedly installed at the air inlet 321, and its surface has ventilation slots 511 for communication with the outside atmosphere. The ventilation valves 52 are hinged to the hood body 51 via hinge shafts to open or close the ventilation slots 511. Multiple ventilation valves 52... The linkage is achieved through the synchronizing rod 53. Specifically, the synchronizing rod 53 is a long strip rod with connecting rods 531 that correspond one-to-one with the number of ventilation valves 52 on its surface. The other end of each connecting rod 531 is fixedly connected to the hinge shaft of the corresponding ventilation valve 52. In this way, when any ventilation valve 52 closes or opens, its movement will be transmitted to all other ventilation valves 52 through the connecting rods 531 and the synchronizing rod 53, so that all ventilation slots 511 open or close synchronously.

[0026] One end of the irregularly shaped tube assembly 40 is connected to the exhaust port 322, and the other end is connected to the inside of the cover 51 of the dynamic ventilation hood 50. This connection is located on the side of the ventilation valve plate 52. Its working principle is as follows: When the airflow in the exhaust management chamber 302 enters the cover 51 through the exhaust port 322 and the irregularly shaped tube assembly 40, this section of airflow has a high dynamic pressure. This airflow will blow directly towards the side of the ventilation valve plate 52, pushing it to rotate and close the ventilation slot 3 511. At this time, external air cannot enter, and the air intake required by the module is entirely supplied by the irregularly shaped tube assembly 40. The internal circulating air provided by 0 is sufficient. Conversely, when there is no airflow or the air pressure is very low in the irregular duct assembly 40, the side of the ventilation valve plate 52 loses pressure. Under its own weight or slight negative pressure, when the cooling fan 23 is working, a negative pressure is formed in the heat management chamber 301, the ventilation slot 3 511 is sucked open, and the external natural air can enter the cover 51 to supplement the intake air. This purely passive air pressure driven switching method does not require additional valves and complex control systems. It has a simple structure, high reliability, and realizes automatic and seamless switching between internal circulating air and external natural air.

[0027] Example 2: A multi-module real-time PCR instrument, wherein the control motherboard 80 further includes a temperature control module and a drive module; The temperature control module includes multiple independent PID controllers, which are electrically connected to the temperature sensors on the three heat spreaders 20, the three PTC ceramic heating elements 21, and the drive circuits of the three cooling fans 23, respectively. Its working process is as follows: The temperature sensor collects the actual temperature of the heat spreader 20 in real time at a high frequency and converts the temperature signal into a digital quantity, which is then transmitted back to the temperature control module. The PID controller compares the collected actual temperature with the target temperature of the current PCR cycle stage (denaturation, annealing, extension) and calculates the temperature deviation. Based on the temperature deviation, the PID algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative) calculates the heating power that needs to be applied to the PTC ceramic heating element 21, such as the duty cycle of the PWM wave or the speed at which the cooling fan 23 needs to run. The control command is then sent to the drive circuits of the heating element and the cooling fan to achieve rapid and accurate temperature regulation.

[0028] The drive module is responsible for driving the linear stepper motor or electromagnetic push rod that controls the sliding of the valve drawer 36. Its working logic is as follows: Based on the preset thermal management strategy or the real-time temperature status of each module, the main processor determines whether internal heat exchange needs to be initiated. For example, when module A is performing the denaturation stage (high temperature, requiring heating) and module B is performing the annealing stage (low temperature, requiring cooling), the main processor determines that the waste heat discharged by module B can be used to preheat the air intake of module A. Therefore, the motor drive module sends a control pulse to the stepper motor connected to the valve drawer 36 of modules A and B, driving the lever 363 to slide the valve drawer 36 to the predetermined position, opening the corresponding follower valve plate 361, so that the hot air discharged by module B enters the air intake 321 of module A through the irregular tube group 40 and the dynamic ventilation hood 50. When the operating status of each module is similar and heat exchange is not required, the main processor issues another command to drive the valve drawer 36 back to the middle position, cutting off the internal circulation air duct, so that each module can independently rely on the external air for heat dissipation.

[0029] The exemplary implementation of the solution proposed in this disclosure has been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of this disclosure, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in this disclosure without exceeding the protection scope of this disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument, characterized in that: It includes multiple independent thermal cycling modules, each with an independent heat spreader (20) and heating and heat dissipation mechanism for independently running the PCR program; It also includes a multi-mode heat insulation seat (30), which has multiple independent chambers corresponding to multiple heat circulation modules, and heat insulation structures between adjacent chambers; Each independent chamber is provided with a partition structure that divides the chamber into a thermal management chamber (301) and an exhaust management chamber (302), and a ventilation opening is provided between the thermal management chamber (301) and the exhaust management chamber (302); The exhaust management chamber (302) is equipped with a movable air volume regulating component to control the exhaust path of the airflow within the exhaust management chamber (302); The exhaust management chamber (302) and the heat management chamber (301) of multiple heat circulation modules are interconnected through a duct network, so that the airflow discharged from any module can be guided to the air inlet side of other modules. The air inlet of the air duct network is equipped with an automatic airflow switching unit, which automatically switches between connecting to the external atmosphere or connecting to the air duct network according to the air pressure status in the air duct.

2. The multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal insulation structure is a hollow area (311) between adjacent independent chambers, and the hollow area (311) is an air layer or filled with thermal insulation material.

3. The multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating and heat dissipation mechanism includes a PTC ceramic heating element (21) and a heat dissipation fin (22) sequentially attached below the heat spreader (20), and a heat dissipation fan (23) disposed below the heat dissipation fin (22).

4. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air volume regulating component includes a valve drawer (36) that is slidably and sealed within the exhaust management chamber (302), and the valve drawer (36) is provided with a ventilation slot (364). The partition structure includes a second partition (35), on which a second ventilation groove (351) is provided. When the valve drawer (36) slides, the first ventilation groove (364) and the second ventilation groove (351) can be misaligned or aligned.

5. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that, The valve drawer (36) is hinged to both sides with follower valve plates (361). The partition structure also includes a partition 1 (34), on which a limiting shaft (341) is provided to cooperate with the follower valve plate (361), a torsion spring (362) is provided at the hinge between the follower valve plate (361) and the valve drawer (36), and a lever (363) extending out of the multi-mode heat insulation seat (30) is also provided on the valve drawer (36).

6. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic airflow switching unit includes a dynamic ventilation hood (50) installed at the air inlet. The dynamic ventilation hood (50) includes a hood body (51) and a ventilation valve plate (52) hinged to the hood body (51). A ventilation slot (511) communicating with the outside atmosphere is provided on the hood body (51). The connection between the air duct network and the hood body (51) is located on the side of the ventilation valve plate (52).

7. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ventilation valves (52) of the multiple dynamic ventilation hoods (50) are synchronized through a linkage mechanism, which includes a synchronizing rod (53) and a connecting rod (531) hinged between the synchronizing rod (53) and the hinge axis of the ventilation valve (52).

8. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air duct network includes a shaped tube group (40) that connects the exhaust port (322) of the exhaust management chamber (302) of any heat circulation module to the air inlet (321) of the heat management chamber (301) of at least one other heat circulation module.

9. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control motherboard (80), which includes a temperature control module and a drive module. The temperature control module is electrically connected to the heating and heat dissipation mechanism of each heat circulation module and is used to independently control the temperature of each heat exchange plate (20). The drive module is electrically connected to the external drive mechanism of the drive air volume regulator and is used to control the airflow discharge path according to the temperature status of each heat circulation module.

10. A multi-module real-time PCR instrument according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a housing (10) and an interactive touch screen (13). The multi-mode heat insulation seat (30) is embedded and fixed in the sample area (12) of the housing (10). A heat cover (11) for covering the heat spreader (20) is rotatably connected to the housing (10). The interactive touch screen (13) is embedded on the surface of the housing (10) and electrically connected to the control motherboard (80).

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